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Such events have occurred several times throughout the history" /> <title>(PDF) Human Metasystem Transition (HMST) Theory | Cadell Last - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/10193792/Human_Metasystem_Transition_HMST_Theory" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732370086000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732370086000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Metasystem transitions are events representing the evolutionary emergence of a higher level of organization through the integration of subsystems into a higher “metasystem” (A1+A2+A3=B). Such events have occurred several times throughout the history of life (e.g., emergence of life, multicellular life, sexual reproduction). The emergence of new levels of organization has occurred within the human system three times, and has resulted in three broadly defined levels of higher control, producing three broadly defined levels of group selection (e.g., band/tribe, chiefdom/kingdom, nation-state/international). These are “Human Metasystem Transitions” (HMST). Throughout these HMST several common system-level patterns have manifested that are fundamental to understanding the nature and evolution of the human system, as well as our potential future development. First, HMST have been built around the control of three mostly distinct primary energy sources (e.g., hunting, agriculture, industry). Second, the control of new energy sources has always been achieved and stabilized by utilizing the evolutionary emergence of a more powerful information-processing medium (e.g., language, writing, printing press). Third, new controls emerge with the capability of organizing energy flows over larger expanses of space in shorter durations of time: bands/tribes controlled regional space and stabilized for hundreds of thousand of years, chiefdoms/kingdoms controlled semi-continental expanses of space and stabilized for thousands of years, and nation-states control continental expanses of space and have stabilized for centuries. This space-time component of hierarchical metasystem emergence can be conceptualized as the active compression of space-time-energy-matter (STEM compression) enabled by higher informational and energetic properties within the human system, which allow for more complex organization (i.e., higher subsystem integration). In this framework, increased information-energy control and feedback, and the consequent metasystem compression of space-time, represent the theoretical pillars of HMST theory. Most importantly, HMST theory may have practical application in modeling the future of the human system and the nature of the next human metasystem.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Cadell Last"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-01-16","dateModified":"2015-01-16","datePublished":null,"headline":"Human Metasystem Transition (HMST) Theory","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["History","Future Studies","Information Technology","Anthropology","Human Evolution","Technology","Political Theory","Cybernetics","Futurism","Evolution","Evolutionary Ecology"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/10193792/Human_Metasystem_Transition_HMST_Theory","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"bcsss"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10193792%2FHuman_Metasystem_Transition_HMST_Theory%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":36292429,"identifier":"Attachment_36292429","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":10193792,"created_at":"2015-01-16T06:32:24.789-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2022-02-14T17:00:38.622-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Metasystem transitions are events representing the evolutionary emergence of a higher level of organization through the integration of subsystems into a higher “metasystem” (A1+A2+A3=B). Such events have occurred several times throughout the history of life (e.g., emergence of life, multicellular life, sexual reproduction). The emergence of new levels of organization has occurred within the human system three times, and has resulted in three broadly defined levels of higher control, producing three broadly defined levels of group selection (e.g., band/tribe, chiefdom/kingdom, nation-state/international). These are “Human Metasystem Transitions” (HMST). Throughout these HMST several common system-level patterns have manifested that are fundamental to understanding the nature and evolution of the human system, as well as our potential future development. First, HMST have been built around the control of three mostly distinct primary energy sources (e.g., hunting, agriculture, industry). Second, the control of new energy sources has always been achieved and stabilized by utilizing the evolutionary emergence of a more powerful information-processing medium (e.g., language, writing, printing press). Third, new controls emerge with the capability of organizing energy flows over larger expanses of space in shorter durations of time: bands/tribes controlled regional space and stabilized for hundreds of thousand of years, chiefdoms/kingdoms controlled semi-continental expanses of space and stabilized for thousands of years, and nation-states control continental expanses of space and have stabilized for centuries. This space-time component of hierarchical metasystem emergence can be conceptualized as the active compression of space-time-energy-matter (STEM compression) enabled by higher informational and energetic properties within the human system, which allow for more complex organization (i.e., higher subsystem integration). In this framework, increased information-energy control and feedback, and the consequent metasystem compression of space-time, represent the theoretical pillars of HMST theory. Most importantly, HMST theory may have practical application in modeling the future of the human system and the nature of the next human metasystem."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Human Metasystem Transition (HMST) Theory","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2693663]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":36292429,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Human Metasystem Transition (HMST) Theory”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/36292429/mini_magick20190309-4814-1ybjp5g.png?1552159489" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Human Metasystem Transition (HMST) Theory</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2693663" href="https://bcsss.academia.edu/CadellLast"><img alt="Profile image of Cadell Last" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2693663/863124/28657261/s65_cadell.last.jpg" />Cadell Last</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Metasystem transitions are events representing the evolutionary emergence of a higher level of organization through the integration of subsystems into a higher “metasystem” (A1+A2+A3=B). Such events have occurred several times throughout the history of life (e.g., emergence of life, multicellular life, sexual reproduction). The emergence of new levels of organization has occurred within the human system three times, and has resulted in three broadly defined levels of higher control, producing three broadly defined levels of group selection (e.g., band/tribe, chiefdom/kingdom, nation-state/international). These are “Human Metasystem Transitions” (HMST). Throughout these HMST several common system-level patterns have manifested that are fundamental to understanding the nature and evolution of the human system, as well as our potential future development. First, HMST have been built around the control of three mostly distinct primary energy sources (e.g., hunting, agriculture, industry). Second, the control of new energy sources has always been achieved and stabilized by utilizing the evolutionary emergence of a more powerful information-processing medium (e.g., language, writing, printing press). Third, new controls emerge with the capability of organizing energy flows over larger expanses of space in shorter durations of time: bands/tribes controlled regional space and stabilized for hundreds of thousand of years, chiefdoms/kingdoms controlled semi-continental expanses of space and stabilized for thousands of years, and nation-states control continental expanses of space and have stabilized for centuries. This space-time component of hierarchical metasystem emergence can be conceptualized as the active compression of space-time-energy-matter (STEM compression) enabled by higher informational and energetic properties within the human system, which allow for more complex organization (i.e., higher subsystem integration). In this framework, increased information-energy control and feedback, and the consequent metasystem compression of space-time, represent the theoretical pillars of HMST theory. Most importantly, HMST theory may have practical application in modeling the future of the human system and the nature of the next human metasystem.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":36292429,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10193792/Human_Metasystem_Transition_HMST_Theory"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":36292429,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/10193792/Human_Metasystem_Transition_HMST_Theory"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="36292429" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/10193792/Human_Metasystem_Transition_HMST_Theory" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="95484838" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95484838/Our_civilization_originates_into_a_hierarchical_regression_of_vertical_complexity_pdf">Our civilization originates into a hierarchical regression of vertical complexity.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31197382" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanMrejeru">Dan M Mrejeru</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of human species through the perspective of biological evolution. 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ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="218733" href="https://unimelb.academia.edu/WilliamHall">William P. Hall</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">An environment conducting a flux of energy and materials between temporally or spatially separated sources and sinks may become more complexly structured due to the emergence of cyclical, dissipative transport systems. Selection favors transport systems able to stabilize themselves against environmental perturbations through feedback. Continuing selection for self-stabilization over long periods of time may eventuate in the emergence of an autopoietic assembly of subsystems (i.e., an autocatalytic set). The stabilizing 'control information' inherent in the instantaneous structure of the autopoietic system represents a form of knowledge that enables the stabilized system to continue an existence as a living and evolving entity. Such self-referential knowledge (defined by Karl Popper as "solutions to problems of life") is integral to the differential survival of nascent autopoietic systems. Maturana and Varela developed the concept of autopoiesis for the autopoietic cybernetics of self-maintenance and self-production. They also equated the cybernetics of autopoiesis with cognition. Concepts of "meaning", "memory", "learning" and "heredity" can also be derived from this framework of Popperian autopoiesis. Hall has argued that autopoiesis has emerged at cellular, (multicellular) organismic, and economic organizational levels. Given an acceptance that different orders of autopoiesis exist, it follows that forms of regulatory knowledge (i.e., solutions to problems of life) exist at each organizational level where autopoiesis occurs. Knowledge may be "tacit", "implicit" or "explicit".</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Emergence and growth of knowledge and diversity in hierarchically complex living systems","attachmentId":1142569,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/266516/Emergence_and_growth_of_knowledge_and_diversity_in_hierarchically_complex_living_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/266516/Emergence_and_growth_of_knowledge_and_diversity_in_hierarchically_complex_living_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2631165" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2631165/The_Emergence_of_Natural_Hierarchies_as_an_Analog_and_Digital_Driven_Process_SEED_Vol_3_N2">The Emergence of Natural Hierarchies as an Analog and Digital -Driven Process SEED Vol 3 N2</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1025767" href="https://unal-co.academia.edu/LuisEugenioAndradePerez">Luis Eugenio Andrade Perez</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Emergence of Natural Hierarchies as an Analog and Digital -Driven Process SEED Vol 3 N2","attachmentId":30632821,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2631165/The_Emergence_of_Natural_Hierarchies_as_an_Analog_and_Digital_Driven_Process_SEED_Vol_3_N2","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2631165/The_Emergence_of_Natural_Hierarchies_as_an_Analog_and_Digital_Driven_Process_SEED_Vol_3_N2"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="44154048" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44154048/NESTED_LEVELS_OF_ORGANIZED_SYSTEMS_A_NEW_MODEL_OF_MULTIPLE_NESTED_INTERACTING_ENTROPIES_THAT_RESULT_IN_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_COMPLEXITY">NESTED LEVELS OF ORGANIZED SYSTEMS: A NEW MODEL OF MULTIPLE NESTED INTERACTING ENTROPIES THAT RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF COMPLEXITY</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="410553" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesRose">James N Rose</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Society for Systems Science - 2018 Conference Papers, 2018</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A single holistic theory for how the universe is organized, and how its diversity of scales and systems coordinate and perform together, may yet be obtainable. But not within the current paradigms. We are stopped by some foundational misunderstandings within mathematics that forced the impasse we are currently at-especially the discontinuity between relativity and quantum mechanics-especially the discontinuity between physics/chemistry and biology/sociology/economics. A solution is presented, illuminating and defining mathematical relations previously ignored/unidentified. A third model that interfaces Prigogine's statistical emergence of complexity and Mandelbot's fractal (non-statistical) emergence of complexity.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"NESTED LEVELS OF ORGANIZED SYSTEMS: A NEW MODEL OF MULTIPLE NESTED INTERACTING ENTROPIES THAT RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF COMPLEXITY","attachmentId":64509759,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44154048/NESTED_LEVELS_OF_ORGANIZED_SYSTEMS_A_NEW_MODEL_OF_MULTIPLE_NESTED_INTERACTING_ENTROPIES_THAT_RESULT_IN_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_COMPLEXITY","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44154048/NESTED_LEVELS_OF_ORGANIZED_SYSTEMS_A_NEW_MODEL_OF_MULTIPLE_NESTED_INTERACTING_ENTROPIES_THAT_RESULT_IN_THE_PRODUCTION_OF_COMPLEXITY"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="75747940" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75747940/The_Emergence_of_Natural_Hierarchies_as_an_Analog_Digital_Driven_Process">The Emergence of Natural Hierarchies as an Analog / Digital Driven Process</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="298474" href="https://unal.academia.edu/EugenioAndrade">Eugenio Andrade</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper shows how semiotic agents (SA) capable of selectively recording a partial description of their environment account for the emergence of hierarchical organization. SA reveal an analog/digital duality and convert these two informational codes. The varying weights of each informational source provide an explanation of emergence throughout a developmental trajectory. In this manner, Taborsky’s identification of six spatiotemporal codal zones is applied. Two types of emergence will be considered, analog driven and digital driven. The former deals with the exploration of a new shape space and their very basic work-actions, so leading to the emergence of a qualitative new instance by selforganization; the latter deals with the exploration of fine-tuned shapes and work-actions in the previous shape space through expansions in the digital informational space as a result of increasing neutral differentiation within an existing level. The former requires openness and starts as measu...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Emergence of Natural Hierarchies as an Analog / Digital Driven Process","attachmentId":83395252,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/75747940/The_Emergence_of_Natural_Hierarchies_as_an_Analog_Digital_Driven_Process","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/75747940/The_Emergence_of_Natural_Hierarchies_as_an_Analog_Digital_Driven_Process"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="297917" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/297917/Selection_of_Organization_at_the_Social_Level_obstacles_and_facilitators_of_metasystem_transitions">Selection of Organization at the Social Level: obstacles and facilitators of metasystem transitions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="233596" href="https://vub.academia.edu/FrancisHeylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">World Futures: the journal of general evolution, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="76255109" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76255109/The_hierarchically_mechanistic_mind_an_evolutionary_systems_theory_of_the_human_brain_cognition_and_behavior">The hierarchically mechanistic mind: an evolutionary systems theory of the human brain, cognition, and behavior</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="68664067" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PaulBadcock">Paul Badcock</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The hierarchically mechanistic mind: an 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Hofkirchner (Ed.). The quest for a unified theory of information (World Futures general evolution studies, Volume 13). 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BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FORMS OF EVOLUTION: CONNECTIONS AND COMPARISONS 3 Constructing a General Theory of Life: The Dynamics of Human and Non-human Systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14411587" href="https://anu-au.academia.edu/GraemeSnooks">Graeme Snooks</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"II. 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Toward a theory of metasystem transitions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="233596" href="https://vub.academia.edu/FrancisHeylighen">Francis Heylighen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Quantum of Evolution. 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