CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "pubs.geoscienceworld.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '913a74873c8ece81',cH: '7msxQ8aHVI5p5ZtUXo0TH_7DSuzrubF5EC.E2_bCeGA-1739844358-1.2.1.1-BQLsIIjCjAxEFeB4KUedpVuVqJPZPZ_7g2EeA.5UNOSiNLkoP_FqC.S4I0jst.XR',cUPMDTk: "\/rgg\/article\/58\/7\/864\/590209\/Present-thermal-regime-of-Lake-Atomic?__cf_chl_tk=Qa2LDjyQ.OLY16rnsVIcHcFPGxL4z9WtYLdtH1QWQns-1739844358-1.0.1.1-EclRBCAEd8KKg08Yepf20vK5Qo4TjgHQGEiiXR4dlAE",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739844358',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/rgg\/article\/58\/7\/864\/590209\/Present-thermal-regime-of-Lake-Atomic?__cf_chl_f_tk=Qa2LDjyQ.OLY16rnsVIcHcFPGxL4z9WtYLdtH1QWQns-1739844358-1.0.1.1-EclRBCAEd8KKg08Yepf20vK5Qo4TjgHQGEiiXR4dlAE",md: "ggqQ5pYuHR8F.1sbVRv28CiYCtGDo0swTzvDIJywecE-1739844358-1.2.1.1-l.51cZjkd50nfTPyHE_rjkfpJ6I916BEaTbfKfJfLtJiUrkqe7_tt500mBOwPx1YUBX6x3PVr.ZgD6ZrIFDQSMlBfbdtPQKGSyYsae517ClnYR1uZBEIvrEWQlhTTFacE4ymNjdUuWO9ZAQm_QxxAoZ28LExu47UZpUujBJLgud84fcBsrirPk4MvpAYThPg9vFm.fBwu0P9bUVXYlJzcDmxDIGrGAqfMz3ze8.Hyjkh9r08Cb7C7B8RRh0W3j.OgCTOcnuTcJarJt8PqoepxbTwLUbtA_A31gz56KQk_cRjfBc6VVMh9yxtlZ_KU3VaJE49WLsqylKzKDuI1xSMnm8FrS5jl3Obj12OWO12z0y9hGWSkEYLr1v3vWN1CLZGViWDFeall0zfbbel_ExvoM4QnzSqPWuSheDzXzXaiBKWxlUT2xYCuVUgJe7DWeaixfJi.TBIL36Bx8NNldpIoYgZZUtZFtEnhqnKR4UxxIlKHEbtY92efmXZ79YM3Gy9eHibgsIBTplhWxcM7xIbU6kbqvyBFu1RAJbGykPj4JG0kx7wG06WxGXKVViKZx2dNJqtSgkG4HujVSI2GyUsaVLjFObVDi3djCQWD6PApL8H0fSYU1R7vQiqz_pI.vATQgpG3KXmGKWIxrUyuc.KczNkZtE1VnLQSXR6fi8kexka7mWbCk097_9h4aE4h5ZeiqwlwxChn1xk5HVqO5UhvQxPV7WiHD08_psL2U09yMpeLmRfmIn283Ptmbk17OzkhF8I167YL20wXTYQQjIo1PvNgVgeqDuI6F_DfTfwCRA.XohW.NUp.LWg_0lP0F53Z2f5.vbekolUQZiP00EoQaelxD8LUY7ZjkJgNxLm1ERDiyjqeeLmUiqTYA4BrhfmmOjGefOLvqtJ0P.AgPKC.NanhR1RP2jDgrIJvoPh0SQXzGufVHiebX9NNZ3Jj5aXCWkBU671zVx6H25cvh.LIm5vytHeTVOIaofrauNff3.aJlIzMSjTnz.Ek17u4Pksn8WipLl2zBvbCcbI9GK5VbPFar2RyGRcJfIze1.eWCyr7OWZpRRrlCB_1avXvnEMZQwNU26Wv_y5q0nlO2zzDxxPTi0w6TsVCXjn1nZopktdkHfst8UGnpzrbMd_kv7IiYUE0mps2f0MH1fldiWdJxNAtE66m9DvAmddz_0bSLTUq2_d_2H0km6iAcmu.lfwPLC2kXnOLopofvdox5QycNJKm9kQPv4BAvm9YjGdHDD1m2weyM0Ys0hlLIhuM1lBO8lU8t.c_N9Qk.mcUGip2NQmlb0pCHMCzBqBKCQ7c_56YcULs5_07Y0DSSUe8Cc4d_HHC8wZ.kv2QYPunKCqXDKsr0yTCNyJU.EVqcfvBo8w_TrcdisQyudFKpae8QK04PQWmplx3.GPg2OjouTdRIkcx64oj3_bdpxeYkS4i0RsjLEnTsg.IJ0pvUHnVMvsxXV6xEwL06npeKUPGegSjolE1SBjd5GDEXIlWDqohsEp3TeerxQ_r0tgDmssZrcZNJr5IqKB7mECoiJSFt8Qt3UnVKJnMtocgsiZMyNBeiZ7Yy3ajdcMr0VWXDVtbgAQCK8WIZGIgV1vSmRrqpHInj_Yr1R1rkA_Il8mL.q90_8GNOuC3tP6K42UvZWwuQOuIWVtJdDAsrb.vPnqj1oAECtbiFfTkvrxl3xV38HsoJoJ1kNYONjJqqPIo9dalwwg9YVzktJM1bmyfsxkt.LXsAsEYvtA8ofnhL9D5xjrCznUKbX.APlAwqrL2OryF9NwS_XDceGblSktpKixxR6JdXgrQL.T151ZmuCtNePGffv_pYH8u808XYM6G9bjxA6_3ONOYlqtD1sBD8N0BMHPzualUwLTgQ0gkqvR8lccklBrJcw44eRbEafffpfGCjeMx6r4Yr4g7yGymvXyiblsAWMaIdm_xS8UVkVV8cTn0C0tp2IL.6BHnrxpU84Q1V_X9ZSTUXjEwgVj7MzlFipkFutZDWNmvvYoUUT3XZTUzzaJzfed.XO.UTjRV_Dk54yl03N0KM9Wk86q55WkYiEBUmuSgcj2UnHB9JLfBx2upIMzP7MbWVToooboBBjnmRc3VLAi4MT0tM4iAlah7ubw.mJEluVEt4nlPyCoIrhTCBVQWqAvFdI1rERd4knIkc0MzvE.8SKIzbOtAW69G1X8HI6aZbdalW8qiAehDT.eTMa_GyNcv3WxQSkJXSET02xM18nHQ.c.D_INn42XbEvHLPXiSwyXCk_TJuFCC_Ev7SbA8GDqpTn83uiRYqQiM5ePc2GiBw9UrOw17.AqxWFJ0ovhEDpliRwSc2SPkyVeD6lxX63te4FhxQCe3.7Gd6oz26XcdudskdamiCKWLqmapHzrFJlGLdMiX3gAS3naK_VIx94fSakw42o0lmAsPn6rHd6IYYWa.Md0QBbonTa7d44GSUucBU2gZkBVEMQCbg_yXR.XBiW6X8pUn.MWTikOJe7BS2Z1JloglxieTk2uPxq8yt9NRmsfHAFa7H1_T5OrE.QFHIW_9h8ISlQtRg.hcLZfR_wHMoh0eFzzoQPIqJMEfkoemFHe4hXfjyTgrAxcRLJM7mD9IIQyCQNfRWwgZXJZUhdIOX7bSu6T6HY_5qzffxsxmPLCnPZRcSKSQJ8R2JUkdN0EKlZ32DN96P7VtiDqa1tWxLLegEsq3qMISQ",mdrd: "u.yuRcId3blQOp9N_wTxc7lDPgUupj0ua3QrVMa0zkQ-1739844358-1.2.1.1-MsYwNrZpj5h4nbLnRXfRiF5ujNSjyGEF2.ZHf2GM5wCGevo3WARjGKgsXHEYXz6jLLbH7TqZZ0LF5qvsvelndKjJAOwvXn6GTp1WODbN5LO0uqJLp9b49UYvtZxg8i5OuHMpn9wLt_w_L0HSsdo24tzagWwKYyn3ppbCluu8n9v4nqq5EnVJXHL47P8oA3NtCIxVMZnO.xtVLeUFWiLOhM8FwEFqlEEXyL6IFjMQcIWGMXT7s0PLdlAt4t8rSt1055VHFZQH18mH19K28pLmMGMOfgTu.FMi0WkYBvHsnTkfzQcyRgloxKucpzCg8frXzTq_WxJi._bw4UZCsKt7DRFv7T_YlSDa75Tp_df7RRLAFaQ8HrwzledrkqmavYtSyTAoTnqlSyak_aFwF5OlCjNp9_Au_V_thf8Rg4y3ckT6qNpBANWLO54SGRx7H40I_XdpeePHQiOLgIAh_kt1Da4xq7dxy1NhIm2Zi6v8KVLx.X6YdZgvNbDHNpSNg9BZveoMKrHC.XFQbN_lDa4KBbEPIcSffhzgJgG6ctCNkCZL5wfdf4_G06fgJ4ONV0wHbTyPwkcgLlqFu_FZy83.7vMihujW8ySpF3BWqcrIEa7nRFz0dUesbsmbnEFkT01oAKCyJZLzUn7pBFuIjxOU7yVuFq4flYgqBCq0fTNlWjlljaUT6WPRC_EzzhslC_Yu0Yawdhk8udiemzP92jR8BktOTzDuQ4vR2xeKVRUaMs1D9QvtXJJnxpaYrtc6GjiLYq61YebpeVxXqIxoJNY_L_Y28.Ztsx0.zLr5Hku1a8EH35M6BIEtfp8xW8drpOoQhgmXZgreiw9EFWjM8rxa6gEWxIMLBiU6LNRba3CAdvg2FNjiAC6WRdcTNxGrgg.jTgqq6cJ2z7edJG0zC1kzH3ueSAWB9J63CUIJw5dzvlU5NdpQDKcYe.Uj4HlIBzf0QLC1c6hR17Fed8gsJoTLUJ1NOU6duJ48n5sM9jQOr7SBX9ZgOHaxyYY8hX_eatI8jkZJX8rzwq46keugERyWQh18f6ac9rCt8IVEO7wiL4vLdgtsTngj8RYFNLydtvCaxvvPTC1Uq5aXdzqxlIplEkznkiN3Hui87Gka9V6POydsMpa6s2WndDb63A3raoN2h0M.7089dl44Y3_PwZb4R_TWVBOa5kfw80tfZq7I77g7g3XGkbjSYUxza2qyGsmyzoIScH_KNEyhvaVeoDcRQhmbUC5_a45Yb664TdRY0QODtm.HRo6GjLUZSg55TW1Eisbk5g2dcqTHlXKJ1VIqQfIxy_oJOiBdGbR7M7F5qz3mUlD6xFINoXoOGTfQMKh6Y1qfhvtbxR0Y8DP6TsXl3BA0jg3CvTflgljAz14NMMiYjfQmGkqGqEbqRljXGbCoCLyvpD2NwgaYHaYp0c3IFW6o35J3br80UoUu0O027BJ75CrkJc9h9KAi4ZHIIJdqmr0np_9qMm6BicYcUYSxaliV9PwanusrFu.P43D84I7vrIAZBZj86ddpSatbmru19uo6q.Z.KgVaTGp5CvJP1_zEnL2hxm.ZVOnbk_hXMWdtooMRHI2qsIQCCAxVaTuVxdjxRAL7hJ54k5c15lBjpm7I7V9_c_RpdlozG5Y.THVlhRDKS8YO4ZQss1f6tizTYwPgAXVw3pLa7D7mB9jxA7dHdM8xzlAWtCfFjuyj9R2PiT_ACOMg5EhQT7snZI3Te8AjMYDO1s7OZe7uv2XVfU5ibLuII454m099V99A8lSUetM.AwkxLM0HB11.dwsVR.GfaVqhiwz.gCO7EhT_u3hEzrYIcYHXXtNeqpAeJI75E48QQZc9m5GL2f4iOIPtZ0fqbIQJC_PjZj99aHnrLqtkhiJsqq.NW31UIIwQRKNvnGzk2yDSZV1Tw8nSGX8u_5Ls0O7dFPtZSPhe6FGqHPeDfYMrseGDivpZRsyVX9ElbzM2FQDFWAmYXDodQd4l.wKGmQjzD8dlJAJwRz1U8w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913a74873c8ece81';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/rgg\/article\/58\/7\/864\/590209\/Present-thermal-regime-of-Lake-Atomic?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Qa2LDjyQ.OLY16rnsVIcHcFPGxL4z9WtYLdtH1QWQns-1739844358-1.0.1.1-EclRBCAEd8KKg08Yepf20vK5Qo4TjgHQGEiiXR4dlAE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>