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Kubo - Vikipedio
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data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Lingvo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Lingvo</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Ensaluti&returnto=Kubo&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Atenti</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Redakti</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8859421">.mw-parser-output .temaspri{background-color:#f9f9f9;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.5em;font-style:italic}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .temaspri{background-color:#202122;color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .temaspri{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .temaspri{background-color:#202122;color:white;border-bottom:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="temaspri"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Temas pri..."><img alt="Temas pri..." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183"></span></span> Ĉi tiu artikolo temas pri respubliko de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ameriko">Ameriko</a>. Por aliaj signifoj vidu <span style="white-space: nowrap;">la artikolon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo_(apartigilo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kubo (apartigilo)">kubo (apartigilo)</a></span>. </div> <p>La <b>Kuba Respubliko</b> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana lingvo">hispane</a> <i><span class="lang-es" lang="es">República de Cuba</span></i>) aŭ nur <i>Kubo</i> estas lando (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insularo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insularo">insularo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkipelago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkipelago">arkipelago</a>) en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kariba_Maro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kariba Maro">Kariba Maro</a>, la plej granda el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiloj">Antiloj</a>. La ĉefa insulo konata kiel Kuba Insulo, estas la plej granda el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandaj_Antiloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grandaj Antiloj">Grandaj Antiloj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Listo_de_insuloj_la%C5%AD_areo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listo de insuloj laŭ areo">la 17a plej granda insulo en la mondo</a>. Ankaŭ apartenas al la arkipelago la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insulo_de_la_Junularo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulo de la Junularo">Insulo de la Junularo</a> (antaŭe nomata "Isla de Pinos") kaj multnombraj insuletoj kiuj ĉirkaŭas la lastajn menciitajn. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a> estas la ĉefurbo kaj plej granda urbo. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santiago_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Kubo">Santiago de Kubo</a> estas la dua plej grava urbo de la lando, situanta en la oriento.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Norde troviĝas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usono">Usono</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahamoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahamoj">Bahamoj</a>, okcidente <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, sude la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kajman-insuloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kajman-insuloj">Kajman-insuloj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jamajko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jamajko">Jamajko</a> kaj sudoriente <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haitio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Haitio">Haitio</a>. Estas la unika lando en la okcidenta hemisfero deklarita kiel socialista ŝtato.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Santa_Clara_(Cuba))_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Clara_%28Cuba%29%29_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg/775px-Santa_Clara_%28Cuba%29%29_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg" decoding="async" width="775" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529%2529_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg/1163px-Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529%2529_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529%2529_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg/1550px-Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529%2529_banner_Monument_to_Che_Guevara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="300"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <table class="infobox" style="background: #FAFAFA; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; width: 23em; -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC; box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px #CCC;"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" class="kaplinio mapo">Kubo</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color: #e0f2ff;"><b>Kubo<br><i>República de Cuba</i></b></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#F9F9F9;"><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Flago-de-Kubo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Flago de Kubo"><img alt="Flago de Kubo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/thumb/2/21/Flago-de-Kubo.svg/120px-Flago-de-Kubo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/thumb/2/21/Flago-de-Kubo.svg/180px-Flago-de-Kubo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/thumb/2/21/Flago-de-Kubo.svg/240px-Flago-de-Kubo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400"></a></span></p></td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#F9F9F9;"><p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Blazono de Kubo"><img alt="Blazono de Kubo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="900"></a></span></p></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background-color:#F9F9F9;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flago_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flago de Kubo">Detaloj</a></td> <td align="center" style="background-color:#F9F9F9;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blazono_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blazono de Kubo">Detaloj</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><small><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_himno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia himno">Nacia himno</a></b>: <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Himno_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacia Himno de Kubo">Nacia Himno de Kubo</a></i></small></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"><small><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devizo">Nacia devizo</a></b>: <i>Patria o muerte, ¡venceremos! — (Patrio aŭ morto, ni venkos!)</i></small></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom:1px solid #0066FF; background-color: white; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:LocationCuba.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/LocationCuba.svg/280px-LocationCuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/LocationCuba.svg/420px-LocationCuba.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/LocationCuba.svg/560px-LocationCuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#E0F2FF; color:#000000; padding-left:1em;" class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landinsulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Landinsulo">insula lando</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunisma_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunisma ŝtato">komunisma ŝtato</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unueca_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unueca ŝtato">unueca ŝtato</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suverena_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suverena ŝtato">suverena ŝtato</a> <small>(–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lando?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lando">lando</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241?uselang%3Deo%23P31" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></small> <sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P31" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">vd</a></sup></th> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #e0f2ff;"> <th colspan="2">Bazaj informoj</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88efurbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉefurbo">Ĉefurbo</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a> (2.250 mil)</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Oficiala(j) lingvo(j)</b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana lingvo">hispana lingvo</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lingvo">Uzata(j) lingvo(j)</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana lingvo">hispana</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religio">Plej ofta(j) religio(j)</a></b></td> <td>katolikoj, afrikdevenaj kredoj, div. kristanaj konfesioj, judismo.</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Areo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Areo">Areo</a></b></td> <td><span style="white-space: nowrap;">110,861 km²</span><br></td> </tr> <tr> <td>- % de akvo</td> <td>42,803 %</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Horzono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horzono">Horzono</a></b></td> <td>-5 (en somero -4)</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_domajno_de_plej_alta_nivelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia domajno de plej alta nivelo">Interreta domajno</a></b></td> <td>cu</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landokodoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Landokodoj">Landokodo</a></b></td> <td>CU</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Telefona kodo</b></td> <td>53</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Plej alta punkto</b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pico_Turquino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pico Turquino">Pico Turquino</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b>Plej malalta punkto</b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kariba_Maro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kariba Maro">Kariba Maro</a></td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #e0f2ff;"> <th colspan="2">Politiko</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politiko">Politika sistemo</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unupartiismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unupartiismo">Unu-Partia</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialismo">socialista</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Respubliko">respubliko</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctatestro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝtatestro">Ŝtatestro</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_D%C3%ADaz-Canel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miguel Díaz-Canel">Miguel Díaz-Canel</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88efministro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉefministro">Ĉefministro</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Marrero_Cruz&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Manuel Marrero Cruz (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Manuel Marrero Cruz</a></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_tago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia tago">Nacia tago</a></b></td> <td>1-a de januaro</td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sendependeco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sendependeco">Sendependiĝo</a></b></td> <td>de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a> <p>- deklarita = 1868</p><p>- rekonita = 1898</p><p>- <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba revolucio">Kuba revolucio</a> = 1959</p></td> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #e0f2ff;"> <th colspan="2">Ekonomio</th> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valuto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valuto">Valuto</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_peso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba peso">kuba peso</a> (CUP)<br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konvertebla_kuba_peso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konvertebla kuba peso">konvertebla kuba peso</a> (CUC)</td> </tr> <tr style="background-color:transparent;"> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.2em; text-align:left; font-size: 100%; font-weight: 400;"> <table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" width="100%" style="padding:0;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#E0F2FF;"> <div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"> </div>Membro de</th> </tr> <tr> <th></th> <td class="wikidata-content"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Civildefenda_Organiza%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Civildefenda Organizaĵo">Internacia Civildefenda Organizaĵo</a> <small>(2014–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C4%B5o_por_la_malpermeso_de_kemiaj_armiloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizaĵo por la malpermeso de kemiaj armiloj">Organizaĵo por la Malpermeso de Kemiaj Armiloj</a> <small>(1997–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tutmonda_Pridogana_Organizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tutmonda Pridogana Organizo">Tutmonda Pridogana Organizo</a> <small>(1988–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilio_de_Reciproka_Ekonomia_Helpo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsilio de Reciproka Ekonomia Helpo">Konsilio de Reciproka Ekonomia Helpo</a> <small>(1972–1991)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interpol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> <small>(1952–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Meteologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Meteologio">Monda Organizaĵo pri Meteologio</a> <small>(1952–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C4%B5o_de_Amerikaj_%C5%9Ctatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizaĵo de Amerikaj Ŝtatoj">Organizaĵo de Amerikaj Ŝtatoj</a> <small>(1948–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unesko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unesko">Unesko</a> <small>(1947–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝintaj Nacioj">Unuiĝintaj Nacioj</a> <small>(1945–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Telekomunika_Unio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Telekomunika Unio">Internacia Telekomunika Unio</a> <small>(1918–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universala_Po%C5%9Dta_Unio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universala Poŝta Unio">Universala Poŝta Unio</a> <small>(1902–)</small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Komerco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Komerco">Monda Organizaĵo pri Komerco</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Hidrografia_Organizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Hidrografia Organizo">Internacia Hidrografia Organizo</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_Organiza%C4%B5o_pri_Sano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano">Monda Organizaĵo pri Sano</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AKP-%C5%9Dtatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AKP-ŝtatoj">Grupo de Afrikaj, Karibaj, kaj Pacifikaj Ŝtatoj</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolivara_Alternativo_por_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolivara Alternativo por Ameriko">Bolivara Alternativo por Ameriko</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3369762" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3369762"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Organizaĵo por la Malpermeso de Atomkernaj Armiloj en Latina Ameriko kaj la Karibaj Insuloj</span></a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alianco_de_Malgrandaj_Insuloj-%C5%9Ctatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alianco de Malgrandaj Insuloj-Ŝtatoj">Alianco de Insuletaj Ŝtatoj</a> <small></small><br><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunumo_de_%C5%9Ctatoj_Latinamerikaj_kaj_Karibaj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunumo de Ŝtatoj Latinamerikaj kaj Karibaj">Komunumo de Ŝtatoj Latinamerikaj kaj Karibaj</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241?uselang%3Deo%23P463" title="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata"><img alt="Redakti la valoron en Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></small> <sup><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P463" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">vd</a></sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></th> </tr> <tr style="background-color: #e0fff2;"> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Esperanto-movado</b></td> </tr> <tr valign="top"> <td><b><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto-asocio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto-asocio">Landa E-asocio</a></b></td> <td><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto-movado_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto-movado en Kubo">Esperanto-movado en Kubo</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding: 0.1em; font-size:90%;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="wikidata-content" colspan="2" style="font-size:smaller;text-align:center;padding:0.4em 0.2em"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Santa_Clara_(Cuba).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Clara_%28Cuba%29.jpg/220px-Santa_Clara_%28Cuba%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529.jpg/330px-Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529.jpg/440px-Santa_Clara_%2528Cuba%2529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2907" data-file-height="1968"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0"> <hr style="display:none;"></td> </tr> <tr title="Parto de municipo, tutaĵo" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Akvejo</th> <td class="" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em"><span><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karibio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karibio">Karibio</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0"> <hr style="display:none;"></td> </tr> <tr title="Geografiaj koordinatoj" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Koordinatoj</th> <td class="" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em"><span id="Kubo" class="coordinates plainlinks-print"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DKubo%26language%3Deo%26params%3D22_N_79.5_W_region:CU_type:isle%26title%3DKubo"><span title="Kubo"><span title="Latitudo">22° 0′ <abbr title="Nordo">N</abbr></span>, <span title="Longitudo">79° 30′ <abbr title="Okcidento">U</abbr></span></span></a> <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Map/15/22/-79.5/eo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-zoom="15" data-lat="22" data-lon="-79.5" data-overlays="["_1242282c13d86d3bb6790bc757964b7959399ffa"]">(mapo)</a></span><span class="geo microformat"><span class="latitude">22</span><span class="longitude">-79.5</span><span class="elevation"></span></span></td> </tr> <tr title="Nomo de plej alta punkto" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Plej alta punkto</th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pico_Turquino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pico Turquino">Pico Turquino</a> <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P610" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="Nomo de plej malalta punkto" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Plej malalta punkto</th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kariba_Maro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kariba Maro">Kariba Maro</a> <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P1589" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="Supermara alteco de plej malalta punkto" class="mergedrow"> <td style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">- malalteco</td> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em"><span style="border-width:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px;">0 <abbr title="alteco super la marnivelo">m</abbr></span> <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P1589" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="Akvokolekta regiono/akvejo/akvokolektejo" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Akvokolektejo</th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em">109 884 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvadrata_kilometro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvadrata kilometro">km²</a> (10 988 400 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hektaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hektaro">ha</a>) <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P2053" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="areo" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Areo</th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em">109 884 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvadrata_kilometro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvadrata kilometro">km²</a> (10 988 400 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hektaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hektaro">ha</a>) <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P2046" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="Nombro de loĝantoj" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Loĝantaro</th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em">10 985 974 <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P1082" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span> <small>(2023)</small></td> </tr> <tr title="Baza horzono" class="mergedrow"> <th style="text-align:left;padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em;white-space:nowrap">Horzono</th> <td class="wikidata-content" style="padding:0.4em 0.2em 0.4em 0.8em"><span><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTC-05:00?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTC-05:00">UTC-05:00</a></span>, <span>Ameriko/Havano <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P421" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0"> <hr style="display:none;"></td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedrow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.4em 0.2em"> <table class="situo-mapo" style="margin: 0 auto; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; width: 1px;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border: none; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: relative; text-align: center;"> <div style="position: relative; z-index: 0; padding: 0; border: none;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center noviewer notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Cuba_physical_map.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Kubo (Kubo)"><img alt="Kubo (Kubo)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cuba_physical_map.svg/250px-Cuba_physical_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cuba_physical_map.svg/375px-Cuba_physical_map.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cuba_physical_map.svg/500px-Cuba_physical_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="344"></a> <figcaption> Kubo (Kubo) </figcaption> </figure><span style="display:none"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Cablono:Situo_sur_mapo/korektado/DEC&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ŝablono:Situo sur mapo/korektado/DEC (paĝo ne ekzistas)">DEC</a></span> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:2; top:39.1%; left:50%; height:0; width:0;"> <div style="position:relative; z-index:100; left:-4px; top:-4px; width:8px; height:8px;line-height:0px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename%3DKubo%26language%3Deo%26params%3D22_N_79.5_W_region:CU_type:isle" title="Kubo"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Green_Fire.svg/8px-Green_Fire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Green_Fire.svg/12px-Green_Fire.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Green_Fire.svg/16px-Green_Fire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"></a></span> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedrow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.4em 0.2em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="5" data-lat="22" data-lon="-79.5" data-overlays="["_d87f8ab60d92314737ae7d4590825d4204a04017"]" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Map/5/22/-79.5/eo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,22,-79.5,250x200.png?lang=eo&domain=eo.wikipedia.org&title=Kubo&revid=8924650&groups=_d87f8ab60d92314737ae7d4590825d4204a04017" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/22?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/-79.5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB,https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/250x200@2x.png?lang=eo&domain=eo.wikipedia.org&title=Kubo&revid=8924650&groups=_d87f8ab60d92314737ae7d4590825d4204a04017&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB 2x" alt="Map"></a></td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedrow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.4em 0.2em">Kubo</td> </tr> <tr title="" class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0"> <hr style="display:none;"></td> </tr> <tr title="Vikimedia Komunejo proponas multimedian enhavon al temo" class="mergedrow"> <td class="wikidata-content" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.4em 0.2em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></a></span><b>Vikimedia Komunejo</b>: <b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuba" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cuba">Cuba</a></b> <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P373" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr title="Oficiala retpaĝaro" class="mergedrow"> <td class="wikidata-content" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0.4em 0.2em"><b>En TTT</b>: <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cuba.cu">Oficiala retejo</a></span> <span class="el_wd"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241%23P856" class="extiw" title="d:Q241">[+]</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="shangu-shablonon infoboximage" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;padding:0 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em"> <div class="noprint toccolours" style="border:2px solid #a2a9b1;padding:5px;background-color:#E9E9E9;color:black;font-size:xx-small;font-weight:normal"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241" title="d:Q241"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/15px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/23px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Informkestoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Informkestoj"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/15px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/23px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure><span class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cablono:Informkesto_lando?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝablono:Informkesto lando">v</a> • <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cablono-Diskuto:Informkesto_lando?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝablono-Diskuto:Informkesto lando">d</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25C5%259Cablono%253AInformkesto_lando%26action%3Dedit">r</a></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1492?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1492">1492</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristoforo_Kolumbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristoforo Kolumbo">Kristoforo Kolumbo</a> elŝipiĝis en la insulo Kubo kaj postulis ĝin por la tiama <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Re%C4%9Dlando_Kastilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reĝlando Kastilio">Reĝlando Kastilio</a>, poste <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a>. Kubo apartenis al Hispanio ekde tiu epoko ĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana-usona_milito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana-usona milito">Hispana-usona milito</a> kiu finiĝis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1898?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1898">1898</a>, kaj formale akiris sendependecon de Usono en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1902?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1902">1902</a>. Delikata <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokratio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokratio">demokratio</a>, regita de radikalaj politikoj evoluis ĝis solidiĝo per la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_konstitucio_de_1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba konstitucio de 1940">Kuba konstitucio de 1940</a>. Sed ĝi estis definitive malvalidigita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1952?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1952">1952</a> fare de la eks-prezidanto <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a>, kiu per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pu%C4%89o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puĉo">puĉo</a> establis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%ADtoritatismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aŭtoritatismo">aŭtoritatan</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Re%C4%9Dimo_(politiko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reĝimo (politiko)">reĝimon</a>, intensigante la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korupto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korupto">koruptadon</a>, malbonajn ekonomiajn leĝojn kaj politikan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subpremado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subpremado">subpremadon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-horowitz_4-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-horowitz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_1173_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Thomas_1173-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Batista estis definitive forpelita en januaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959">1959</a> fare de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movado_26-a_de_Julio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movado 26-a de Julio">Movado 26-a de Julio</a>, kaj nova administrado sub <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidel_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> establiĝis, kiu ekde <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1965?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1965">1965</a> evoluis kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unupartia_sistemo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unupartia sistemo">unupartia</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialisma_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialisma ŝtato">socialisma ŝtato</a>.</p> <p>Kubo okupas la 51an lokon en la «<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indekso_de_homa_disvolvi%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indekso de homa disvolviĝo">Indekso de homa disvolviĝo</a>» farita de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝintaj Nacioj">Unuiĝintaj Nacioj</a> (la 4a inter landoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a>, post <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉilio">Ĉilio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentino">Argentino</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urugvajo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urugvajo">Urugvajo</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Krome laŭ informoj ankaŭ de UN, Kubo estus la unika lando en la mondo, kiu plenumas la du kriteriojn kiu, laŭ la organizo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WWF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WWF">WWF</a>, signifas la ekziston de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Da%C5%ADripovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daŭripovo">daŭripovo</a>: alta <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homa_disvolvigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Homa disvolvigo">homa disvolvigo</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landoj_la%C5%AD_indico_de_homa_disvolvigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Landoj laŭ indico de homa disvolvigo">IHD</a> > 0,8) kaj pludaŭra <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekologia_premsigno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekologia premsigno">Ekologia premsigno</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landoj_la%C5%AD_Ekologia_premsigno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Landoj laŭ Ekologia premsigno">Ekologia premsigno</a> < 1,8 ha/p).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Kubo estas hejmo de ĉirkaŭ 11 milionoj da homoj kaj estas la plej loĝata insulo kaj lando en Karibio.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La homoj, kulturo, kaj kutimoj miksas diversajn fontojn, inkluzive de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indi%C4%9Denaj_amerikanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiĝenaj amerikanoj">indiĝenaj</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tainoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tainoj">tainoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sibonejoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibonejoj">sibonejoj</a>, la periodo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana Imperio">hispana koloniismo</a>, la enmeto de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sklaveco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sklaveco">afrikaj sklavoj</a> kaj ties proksimeco al Usono kaj duarange al aliaj landoj, kiel Meksiko kaj Haitio.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="eo" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Enhavo</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_nomo"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">La nomo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Historio"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Historio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anta%C5%ADkolumba_epoko"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Antaŭkolumba epoko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hispana_koloniado"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Hispana koloniado</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Militoj_por_sendependi%C4%9Do"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Militoj por sendependiĝo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dekjara_Milito"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Dekjara Milito</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Intermilita_periodo"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Intermilita periodo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Milito_de_1895"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Milito de 1895</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hispan-usona_milito"><span class="tocnumber">2.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Hispan-usona milito</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_Respubliko_(1902-1959)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">La Respubliko (1902-1959)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Revolucio"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Revolucio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lastatempaj_aferoj"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Lastatempaj aferoj</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Homaj_rajtoj"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Homaj rajtoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografio"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Geografio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Klimato"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Klimato</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Resursoj"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Resursoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fla%C5%ADro_kaj_fa%C5%ADno"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Flaŭro kaj faŭno</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hidrografio"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Hidrografio</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ekonomio"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Ekonomio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kaf-industrio"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Kaf-industrio</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Registaro_kaj_politiko"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Registaro kaj politiko</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Socia_vivo"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Socia vivo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Militistaro"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Militistaro</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eksterlandaj_rilatoj"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Eksterlandaj rilatoj</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lo%C4%9Dantaro"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Loĝantaro</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enmigrado_al_Kubo"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Enmigrado al Kubo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Nuna_demografio"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Nuna demografio</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-28"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religioj"><span class="tocnumber">7.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Religioj</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kuba_migrado"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Kuba migrado</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lingvoj"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Lingvoj</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eduko"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Eduko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sano"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sano</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kulturo"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Kulturo</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Muziko"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Muziko</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kuirarto"><span class="tocnumber">10.2</span> <span class="toctext">Kuirarto</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literaturo"><span class="tocnumber">10.3</span> <span class="toctext">Literaturo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kino"><span class="tocnumber">10.4</span> <span class="toctext">Kino</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Komunikiloj"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Komunikiloj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esperanto-movado"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Esperanto-movado</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vidu_anka%C5%AD"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">Vidu ankaŭ</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referencoj"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">Referencoj</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografio"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografio</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Eksteraj_ligiloj"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Eksteraj ligiloj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="La_nomo">La nomo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: La nomo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Hatuey_monument,_Baracoa,_Cuba.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG/220px-Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1515" data-file-height="2272"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG/220px-Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG/330px-Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG/440px-Hatuey_monument%2C_Baracoa%2C_Cuba.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Monumento al la taina kaciko <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hatuey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hatuey">Hatuey</a>, en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baracoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baracoa">Baracoa</a> (Kubo). </figcaption> </figure> <p>La vorto Kubo estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taina_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taina lingvo">taina</a>. Tamen, la preciza signifo ne estas tute klara kaj kelkaj ĝin tradukas kiel "kie la fruktodona <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grundo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grundo">grundo</a> abundas" (cubao).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aliaj diras, ke ĝi venas de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuba_(Portugalio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuba (Portugalio)">Cuba</a>, vilaĝo portugala kie, laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugaloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugaloj">portugaloj</a>, naskiĝis Kristoforo Kolumbo, kiu malkovrinte la insulon nomis ĝin tiel<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aliaj diras, ke ĝi estas kunmeto de du <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aravakoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aravakoj">aravakaj</a> vortoj: «coa» (loko, tero, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tereno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tereno">tereno</a>) kaj «bana» (granda).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Historio">Historio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Historio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Antaŭkolumba_epoko"><span id="Anta.C5.ADkolumba_epoko"></span>Antaŭkolumba epoko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Antaŭkolumba epoko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La ĉefa informofonto pri la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anta%C5%ADkolumba_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antaŭkolumba Ameriko">antaŭkolumbaj</a> loĝantoj de Kubo, estas la rakontoj kaj kronikoj de la tiel nomataj "kronikistoj de Indioj", kiuj estas nuancigitaj pere de eŭropa kaj kristana pensmanieroj. Unu el tiuj kronikistoj, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bartolom%C3%A9_de_las_Casas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bartolomé de las Casas">Bartolomé de las Casas</a>, distingis tri grupojn de malsamaj kulturoj laŭ trajtoj etnaj, lingvaj kaj laŭ teknologia kaj socia evoluoj, kiujn li nomis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gvanahatebejoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gvanahatebejoj">gvanahatebejoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sibonejoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sibonejoj">sibonejoj</a> kaj tainoj. La unua etno eble venis dum la unuaj migradoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centrameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrameriko">Centrameriko</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belizo">Belizo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golfo_de_Honduro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golfo de Honduro">Hondura Golfo</a>), dum la aliaj du eble venis dum diversaj ondumoj el aravakaj grupoj de la nordo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sudameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sudameriko">Sudameriko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Alia informofonto estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkeologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arkeologio">arkeologiaj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnologio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etnologio">etnologiaj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morfologio_(lingvo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morfologio (lingvo)">morfologiaj</a> esploroj faritaj dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20-a jarcento">20-a jarcento</a>, kiuj permesis pli bone konatiĝi kun la vivo de tiuj praloĝantoj de la arkipelago. Ĉi tiuj esploroj klasifikas la antaŭhispaniajn homgrupojn de Kubo en tri grupoj: tiuj de <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konkepoko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konkepoko (paĝo ne ekzistas)">konkepoko</a>'</i> (gvanahatebejoj), tiuj de <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctonepoko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝtonepoko">ŝtonepoko</a></i> (sibonejoj) kaj tiuj de la <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Metiepoko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Metiepoko (paĝo ne ekzistas)">metiepoko</a></i> (tainoj).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La tainoj nomis la insulon <i>Caobana</i>. Ili estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terkultivisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terkultivisto">terkultivistoj</a> kaj ankaŭ la sibonejoj estis terkultivistoj, spertaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C5%9Dkaptisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiŝkaptisto">fiŝkaptistoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88asistoj-kolektistoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉasistoj-kolektistoj">ĉasistoj-kolektistoj</a>. Ĉiuj ĉi grupoj de indiĝenoj, komune havis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matriarkeco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matriarkeco">matriarkan</a> organizadon de la triboj, kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divido_de_laboro_en_la_socio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divido de laboro en la socio">dividado de la laboro</a> laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekso">sekso</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aĝo">aĝo</a>. Ilia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religio">religio</a> estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Animismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Animismo">animisma</a> kaj ankaŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kulto">kultado</a> al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anta%C5%ADulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antaŭulo">antaŭuloj</a> estis parto de ĝi.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hispana_koloniado">Hispana koloniado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Hispana koloniado" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Kuba-Indios.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kuba-Indios.jpg/250px-Kuba-Indios.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1540" data-file-height="1128"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kuba-Indios.jpg/250px-Kuba-Indios.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kuba-Indios.jpg/375px-Kuba-Indios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kuba-Indios.jpg/500px-Kuba-Indios.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Indiĝenoj en Kubo. Gravuraĵo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1558?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1558">1558</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg/250px-1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="1212"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 156px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg/250px-1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="156" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg/375px-1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg/500px-1893_Nina_Pinta_Santa_Maria_replicas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Replikaĵoj de la karaveloj de Kolumbo. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG/250px-Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG/250px-Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG/375px-Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG/500px-Mapa_de_La_Habana_Vieja.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Mapo de Havano en la 19-a jarcento. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg/250px-Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="528"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg/250px-Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg/375px-Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg/500px-Centro_hist%C3%B3rico_de_Trinidad.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Vidaĵo de Trinidad, unu el la sep unuaj urboj, fonditaj en Kubo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Post la unua surteriĝo sur insulo tiam nomata <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guanahani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guanahani">Guanahani</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/12-an_de_oktobro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="12-an de oktobro">12-an de oktobro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1492?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1492">1492</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristoforo_Kolumbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristoforo Kolumbo">Kristoforo Kolumbo</a> eltrovis la nordorientan marbordon de Kubo proksime de kio nun estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baracoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baracoa">Baracoa</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27-an_de_oktobro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="27-an de oktobro">27-an de oktobro</a><sup id="cite_ref-Henken2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Henken2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aŭ 28an<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Li postulis la insulon por la ĵus kreita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispana reĝlando</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj nomis ĝin <i>Insulo Johana</i>, omaĝe al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_de_Aragono_kaj_Kastilio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano de Aragono kaj Kastilio">Johano, Princo de Asturio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1513?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1513">1513</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a> estis sendita de la gereĝoj de Hispanio kiel la "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adelantado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adelantado">Adelantado</a>" (Antaŭenirinto) de la Kortego por la novaj posedaĵoj de la reĝlando. Tuj poste li estis nomumita kiel Reganto de Kubo, kun la aŭtoritato interalie fondi urbojn kaj disdoni indiĝenojn.</p> <p>Velázquez fondis la unuan urbon sur la kuba teritorio, nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baracoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baracoa">Nia Sinjorino de la Ĉieliro de Barakoao</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1511?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1511">1511</a>. En 1513 li fondis la urbon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayamo">Sankta Savinto de Bajamo</a>, kaj tiel li preparis la sekvan fazon por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konkero_de_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konkero de Ameriko">konkerado</a>, nome la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekspluatado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekspluatado">ekspluatado</a> de la cetero de la insulo, antaŭaĵo por la kreado de novaj urboj. En januaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1514?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1514">1514</a> fondiĝis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad_(Kubo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad (Kubo)">Trinidado</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2-an_de_februaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2-an de februaro">2-an de februaro</a> 1514 oni fondis la ununuran urbon situinta ĉe la norda marbordo (poste translokigita al la interno), nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Maria_de_Princ-Havenoe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankta Maria de Princ-Havenoe">Sankta Maria de Princ-Havenoe</a> (nuna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_(urbo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camagüey (urbo)">Camagüey</a>), inter aprilo kaj majo 1514 estis fonditaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Sankta Kristoforo de Havano</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sancti_Sp%C3%ADritus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancti Spíritus">Sankta-Spirito</a> kaj laste, en aŭgusto <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1515?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1515">1515</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santiago_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Kubo">Santiago de Kubo</a>.</p> <p>La hispanoj sklavigis ĉirkaŭ 100 000 indiĝenojn kiuj supozeble rezistis aŭ eĉ malkapablis plenumi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konverti%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konvertiĝo">konvertiĝon</a> al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristanismo">kristanismo</a>, kaj uzis ilin ĉefe por la serĉado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oro">oro</a>. Post unu jarcento, la indiĝenoj estis fakte tute ekstermitaj pro multaj faktoroj, inkluzive de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADrazio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭrazio">eŭraziaj</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infekta_malsano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infekta malsano">infektaj malsanoj</a> (pro manko de natura rezisto) kaj pro submetiĝo al la novaj alvenintoj<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1529?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1529">1529</a>, ekapero de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Morbilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Morbilo">morbilo</a> en Kubo mortigis du trionojn de la indiĝenoj, kiuj antaŭe postvivis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Variolo">variolon</a>.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enkomendo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enkomendo">enkomendo</a> estis la institucio kiu desegnis la trajtojn de la unua <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolonio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolonio">kolonio</a>. Ĝi lasis la kubajn indiĝenojn ĉe la manoj de la hispanaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komandanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komandanto">enkomendantoj</a>, kiuj devis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristanigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristanigo">kristanigi</a> ilin kaj instrui al ili diversajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Profesio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Profesio">profesiojn</a>; sed tiu jura dokumento nur utilis por kovri la veron: la ekspluatado de la indiĝenoj en kondiĉoj similaj al sklaveco. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10-an_de_februaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10-an de februaro">10-an de februaro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1516?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1516">1516</a>, laŭ la peto de Velázquez, estis kreita la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Episkopejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Episkopejo">Episkopejo</a> de Kubo, kies unua sidejo troviĝis en Baracoa kaj ekde <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1523?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1523">1523</a> en Santiago de Kubo.</p> <p>Dum la unuaj jaroj de la kolonio, la ĉefa ekonomia sektoro estis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minado">minado</a>, specife la elfosado de oro, aktiveco por kiu estis uzataj la indiĝenoj kaj foje nigraj sklavoj, kiuj tre frue kuniĝis kun la etna <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aglomera%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aglomeraĵo">aglomeraĵo</a>, kiu kelkajn jarcentojn poste konsistigus la kuban popolon. Post elĉerpiĝo de la orminejoj, la aktivado daŭris ĉe la kuprominejoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Santiago_del_Prado&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Santiago del Prado (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Santiago del Prado</a>.</p> <p>La evoluo kaj disvolviĝo de la urboj kaj vilaĝoj estis malegala. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a> estis, meze de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/18a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="18a jarcento">18a jarcento</a>, la tria urbo kaj la unua haveno de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nova_Mondo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nova Mondo">Nova Mondo</a> kun aktiva kaj brua havena kaj komerca vivoj. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1728?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1728">1728</a> estis fondita la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havana_Universitato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Havana Universitato">Reĝa kaj Pontifika Universitato Sankta Jeronimo de Havano</a> kaj la kolegio Sankta Jozefo, kiu kune kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mona%C4%A5ejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monaĥejo">monaĥejoj</a> Bet-Leĥemo kaj Sankta Francisko, okupiĝis pri la edukado en la ĉefurbo kaj la Pastrolernejo Sankta Bazilo la Granda en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a>.</p> <p>La Pastro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Varela?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Félix Varela">Félix Varela</a>, estis la iniciatinto de la ideologio pri la kuba sendependeco. Edukisto, politikisto kaj filozofo, li defendis la ideon ke Kubo estu sendependa same de Hispanio kaj Usono kaj ke tiu sendependeco estos vera nur se ĝi estos atingita de la kubanoj mem. Li estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mortkondamno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortkondamno">mortkondamnita</a> fare de la Hispana Krono kaj loĝis en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekzilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekzilo">ekzilo</a> ĝis la morto <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1853?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1853">1853</a>.</p> <p>Kubo estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_koloniado_de_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana koloniado de Ameriko">hispana posedaĵo</a> dum preskaŭ 400 jaroj (1511-1898), kun ekonomio bazita sur plantad-agrikulturo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Minado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Minado">minado</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eksporto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eksporto">eksporto</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sukero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sukero">sukero</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kafo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kafo">kafo</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabako?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabako">tabako</a> al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a> kaj poste al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nordameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nordameriko">Nordameriko</a>. La laboro estis farita precipe de afrikaj sklavoj portitaj al la insulo. Malgranda <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elito">elito</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terposedanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terposedanto">terposedantoj</a> estris la socian kaj ekonomian vivon de la insulo — plejparte temis pri filoj de hispanoj, kiuj naskiĝis en Kubo (kubaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kreolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kreolo">kreoloj</a>) kun aliaj eŭropanoj kaj sklavoj. La loĝantaro en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1817?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1817">1817</a> estis ĉ. 630 980, el kiuj 291 021 estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blankulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blankulo">blankuloj</a>, 115 691 liberaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigrulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigrulo">nigruloj</a> kaj 224 268 nigraj sklavoj.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Militoj_por_sendependiĝo"><span id="Militoj_por_sendependi.C4.9Do"></span>Militoj por sendependiĝo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Militoj por sendependiĝo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1820-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1820-aj jaroj">1820-aj jaroj</a>, kiam la cetero de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_Imperio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana Imperio">Hispana Imperio</a> en Latinameriko ribelis kaj fondis sendependajn ŝtatojn, Kubo restis lojala al Hispanio. Kvankam ekzistis agitado por sendependeco, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_krono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana krono">hispana krono</a> donis al Kubo la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moto">moton</a> <i>La Siempre Fidelísima Isla</i> (La Ĉiam Fidelega Insulo). Tiu <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lojaleco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lojaleco">lojaleco</a> estis parte pro la dependeco de kubaj loĝantoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a> pro la komercaj aferoj, ilia bezono esti protektataj kontraŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pirato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pirato">piratoj</a> kaj kontraŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ribelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ribelo">ribelo</a> de la sklavoj, kaj eble ĉar ili timis la altiĝantan potencon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usono">Usono</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Dekjara_Milito">Dekjara Milito</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Dekjara Milito" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg/170px-Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="252" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="580"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 252px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg/170px-Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="252" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg/255px-Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg/340px-Carlos_Manuel_de_Cespedes.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Carlos Manuel de Céspedes konata kiel <i>Patro de la Patrio</i> en Kubo, ekis la militon por la sendependeco de Kubo en 1868. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La sendependiĝo disde Hispanio estis la kialo por ribelo okazinta en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1868?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1868">1868</a>, gvidita de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_de_C%C3%A9spedes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Manuel de Céspedes">Carlos Manuel de Céspedes</a>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manzanillo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Manzanillo">Manzanillo</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10-an_de_oktobro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10-an de oktobro">10-an de oktobro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1868?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1868">1868</a> en la sukerfabrikejo "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Demajagua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La Demajagua">La Demajagua</a>", Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, liberigis siajn sklavojn en sukerplantejo kaj instigis ilin batali kontraŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koloniismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koloniismo">koloniismo</a> kaj por la Kuba sendependiĝo. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/27-an_de_decembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="27-an de decembro">27-an de decembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1868?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1868">1868</a>, li diskonigis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekreto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dekreto">dekreton</a>, per kiu li kondamnis la sklavecon.<sup id="cite_ref-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp115-117_26-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp115-117-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La ribelo de 1868 kondukis al longdaŭra konflikto konata kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dekjara_Milito_(Kubo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dekjara Milito (Kubo)">Dekjara Milito</a>. Usono malakceptis rekoni la novan kuban registaron, kvankam pluraj eŭropaj kaj latinamerikaj landoj faris tion.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1878?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1878">1878</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakto_de_Zanj%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakto de Zanjón">Pakto de Zanjón</a> metis finon al la konflikto, en kiu Hispanio promesis pli grandan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%ADtonomeco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aŭtonomeco">aŭtonomecon</a> al Kubo. En 1879-1880, la kuba <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriotismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriotismo">patrioto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calixto_Garc%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calixto García">Calixto García</a> provis komenci alian militon, konata kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malgranda_Milito_(Kubo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malgranda Milito (Kubo)">Malgranda Milito</a>, sed ĝi ne ricevis sufiĉe da subteno.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Dum la daŭro de la milito aperis elstaraj revoluciaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militestro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Militestro">militestroj</a>, kiuj havis historian signifon en la postaj militoj. Inter ili troviĝis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignacio_Agramonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignacio Agramonte">Ignacio Agramonte</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonio_Maceo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonio Maceo">Antonio Maceo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maceo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Maceo">José Maceo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_G%C3%B3mez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Máximo Gómez">Máximo Gómez</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vicente_Garc%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vicente García">Vicente García</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calixto_Garc%C3%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calixto García">Calixto García</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Intermilita_periodo">Intermilita periodo</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Intermilita periodo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>En Kubo, la prospera sukerindustrio uzis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laborforto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laborforto">laborforton</a> de la nigraj sklavoj ĝis la lasta triono de la 19-a jarcento. Kubo produktis 720 250 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tuno">tunojn</a> da sukero en 1868, kaj pli ol 40 % de ĝia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kansukero&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kansukero (paĝo ne ekzistas)">kansukero</a> atingis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_merkato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monda merkato">mondan merkaton</a> en tiu jaro. Sklaveco restis en Kubo dum en aliaj lokoj ĝi estis forigita (vidu <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aboliciismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aboliciismo">Aboliciismo</a>). La forigo de la sklaveco en Kubo komenciĝis en la lasta triono de la 19-a jarcento, kaj estis kompletigita en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1880-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1880-aj jaroj">1880-aj jaroj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp37-38_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp37-38-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Milito_de_1895">Milito de 1895</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Milito de 1895" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg/220px-MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="452"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg/220px-MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg/330px-MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/MartiJohnManuel_K_TRestauration.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> José Martí, nacia heroo de Kubo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La ekzilita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disidento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disidento">disidento</a> nomata <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Martí">José Martí</a> fondis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_Revolucia_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba Revolucia Partio">Kuban Revolucian Partion</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novjorko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novjorko">Novjorko</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1892?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1892">1892</a>. La celo de la partio estis atingi kuban sendependecon disde Hispanio.<sup id="cite_ref-sandler_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sandler-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En januaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1895?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1895">1895</a> Martí vojaĝis al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Montecristi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Montecristi">Montecristi</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San-Domingo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="San-Domingo">San-Domingo</a> por aliĝi al la klopodoj kaj penoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1ximo_G%C3%B3mez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Máximo Gómez">Máximo Gómez</a><sup id="cite_ref-sandler_31-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sandler-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Martí klarigis siajn politikajn opiniojn en la <i>Manifesto de Montecristi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-arias_32-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-arias-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bataloj kontraŭ la hispana armeo komenciĝis en Kubo la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24-an_de_februaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="24-an de februaro">24-an de februaro</a> 1895, sed Martí ne povis atingi Kubon ĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11-a_de_aprilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="11-a de aprilo">11-a de aprilo</a> 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-sandler_31-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sandler-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Li estis mortigita en batalo okazinta ĉe <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rivero_Ka%C5%ADto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rivero Kaŭto">Dos Ríos</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-an_de_majo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="19-an de majo">19-an de majo</a> 1895. Lia verkaro, idealoj, laboro kaj morto eternigis lin kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_heroo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia heroo">Nacian Heroon</a> de Kubo.<sup id="cite_ref-arias_32-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-arias-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La hispanaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trupo_(armeo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trupo (armeo)">trupoj</a> konsistis el 200 000 homoj, multege superinte la malgrandan ribelarmeon, kiu plejparte militis per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taktiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taktiko">taktikoj</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerilo">gerilo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabotado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabotado">sabotado</a>. La hispanoj komencis kampanjon de subpremado. La generalo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valeriano_Weyler?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valeriano Weyler">Valeriano Weyler</a>, Kapitano-Generalo de Kubo, arigis la kamparan loĝantaron, en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operaco">operaco</a> konata kiel <i>rekoncentriĝo</i>, priskribita de internaciaj observantoj kiel "fortikigitaj urboj". Tio estas ofte konsiderata la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prototipo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prototipo">prototipo</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koncentrejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koncentrejo">koncentrejoj</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20-a jarcento">20-a jarcento</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inter 200 000 kaj 400 000 kubaj civitanoj mortis pro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malsato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malsato">malsato</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malsano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malsano">malsanoj</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tendaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tendaro">tendaroj</a>, laŭ kalkuloj konfirmitaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ru%C4%9Da_Kruco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruĝa Kruco">Ruĝa Kruco</a> kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senato_de_Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Senato de Usono">Senato de Usono</a> kaj iama Usona Sekretario de Milito, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Redfield_Proctor&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Redfield Proctor (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Redfield Proctor</a>. Okazis usonaj kaj eŭropaj protestoj kontraŭ la hispana miskonduto en la insulo.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Hispan-usona_milito">Hispan-usona milito</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Hispan-usona milito" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg/220px-USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="560"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg/220px-USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg/330px-USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg/440px-USS_Maine_h60255a.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiras%C5%9Dipo_Maine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirasŝipo Maine">kirasŝipo Majno</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La usona <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiras%C5%9Dipo_Maine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kirasŝipo Maine">batalŝipo Majno</a> atingis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havanon</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25-an_de_januaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="25-an de januaro">25-an de januaro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1898?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1898">1898</a> por doni protekton al pli ol 8 000 usonaj loĝantoj de la insulo, sed la hispanoj konsideris tion timigado. En la vespero de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/15-a_de_februaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="15-a de februaro">15-a de februaro</a> 1898, Majno eksplodis en la haveno, 252 ŝipanoj pereis. Aliaj ok ŝipanoj mortis pro vundoj en malsanulejo en sekvaj tagoj<sup id="cite_ref-morison_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-morison-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La Usona Konsilio de Maramea Esploro estis gvidita de la Kapitano <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_T._Sampson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William T. Sampson">William T. Sampson</a>, enoficigita por esplori la kialojn de la eksplodo. Ekzameninte la ŝiprompiĝon kaj preninte atestojn de ĉeestintoj kaj fakuloj, la komisiono raportis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/21-an_de_marto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="21-an de marto">21-an de marto</a> 1898, ke la kirasŝipo estis detruita de "duobla <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magazeno_(armilo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magazeno (armilo)">magazeno</a>, kiu venis de ekster la ŝipo".<sup id="cite_ref-morison_35-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-morison-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La okazintaĵo estas pridisputata ĝis nun, kvankam esploro de la admiralo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hyman_G._Rickover?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hyman G. Rickover">Hyman G. Rickover</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1976?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1976">1976</a> konkludis, ke la krevo plej verŝajne okazis pro granda interna eksplodo. Rickover kredis, ke la eksplodo estis kaŭzita de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Spontana_ekbrulo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Spontana ekbrulo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">spontana ekbrulo</a> pro neadekvata ventumado, kiu flamigis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulvoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulvoro">pulvoron</a> de apuda magazeno.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La unua estraro de 1898 estis nekapabla trovi kulpulon de la katastrofo, sed la kolerema usona loĝantaro, instigita de aktiva gazetaro, precipe de gazetoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a>, konkludis, ke la hispanoj kulpis kaj postulis reagon.<sup id="cite_ref-morison_35-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-morison-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usona_Kongreso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usona Kongreso">Usona Kongreso</a> aprobis rezolucion por interveno, kaj la prezidanto <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_McKinley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a> obeis al la sciigoj pri la hispana <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komploto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komploto">komploto</a>. Hispanio kaj Usono deklaris reciproke militon fine de aprilo.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="La_Respubliko_(1902-1959)"><span id="La_Respubliko_.281902-1959.29"></span>La Respubliko (1902-1959)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: La Respubliko (1902-1959)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg/220px-Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 276px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg/220px-Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="276" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg/330px-Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Tomas_estrada_palma.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Tomás Estrada Palma, unua prezidanto de la Kuba Respubliko. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana-usona_milito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana-usona milito">Hispana-usona milito</a>, Hispanio kaj Usono subskribis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traktato_de_Parizo_(1898)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traktato de Parizo (1898)">Pacon de Parizo</a> en 1898, per kiu Hispanio cedis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puerto-Riko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto-Riko">Puerto-Rikon</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipinio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipinio">Filipinion</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gvamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gvamo">Gvamon</a> al Usono kontraŭ 20 milionoj da usonaj dolaroj.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laŭ la sama traktato, Hispanio rezignis ĉiajn pretendojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suvereneco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suvereneco">suvereneco</a> je Kubo. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, kiu batalis en la Hispan-usona milito kaj kiu havis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simpatio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simpatio">simpation</a> por la sendependeca movado de Kubo, sukcedis McKinley kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prezidento_De_Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prezidento De Usono">prezidento de Usono</a> en 1901 kaj tiupunkte rezignis la traktaton. Kubo akiris formalan sendependecon disde Usono la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20-an_de_majo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="20-an de majo">20-an de majo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1902?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1902">1902</a>, kaj tiel naskiĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Respubliko">Respubliko</a> Kubo. Laŭ la nova <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=1901_Konstitucio_de_Kubo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="1901 Konstitucio de Kubo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">konstitucio de Kubo</a>, Usono retenis la rajton interveni en kubaj aferoj kaj regi ĝiajn ekonomion kaj eksterlandajn rilatojn. Sub la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amendo_Platt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amendo Platt">Amendo Platt</a>, Usono establis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mararmeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mararmeo">mararmean</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militbazo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Militbazo">militbazon</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golfo_de_Guantanamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golfo de Guantanamo">golfo de Guantanamo</a>.</p> <p>Post skandalaj elektoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1906?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1906">1906</a>, la unua prezidanto, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Estrada_Palma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomás Estrada Palma">Tomás Estrada Palma</a>, konfrontis armitan ribelon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veterano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veterano">veteranoj</a> de la milito por sendependiĝo, kiu venkis la magrajn registartrupojn.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usono intervenis per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okupado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Okupado">okupado</a> de Kubo kaj nomumis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_Edward_Magoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles Edward Magoon">Charles Edward Magoon</a> kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guberniestro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guberniestro">guberniestron</a> por tri jaroj. Kubaj historiistoj atribuis al Magoon la enkondukon de politika kaj socia koruptadoj<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1908?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1908">1908</a>, aŭtonomio estis restarigita kiam <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_G%C3%B3mez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Miguel Gómez">José Miguel Gómez</a> estis elektita prezidanto, sed Usono daŭre intervenis en kubaj aferoj. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1912?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1912">1912</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negra_Sendependa_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negra Sendependa Partio">Negra Sendependa Partio</a> provis fondi apartan negran respublikon en provinco Oriento<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, sed <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secesio_(politiko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secesio (politiko)">secesiantoj</a> estis subpremitaj de la Generalo Monteagudo per konsiderinda sangoverŝado.</p> <p>Dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unua_Mondmilito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unua Mondmilito">Unua Mondmilito</a>, Kubo eksportis konsiderindan kvanton da sukero al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britio">Britio</a>. Kubo povis eviti atakojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Submar%C5%9Dipo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Submarŝipo">submarŝipoj</a> kun la preteksto de ekspedado de la sukero al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svedio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svedio">Svedio</a>. La registaro de Menocal deklaris militon al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanio">Germanio</a> tuj post Usono.</p> <p>Konstitucia registaro estis konservita ĝis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1930?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1930">1930</a> kiam <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gerardo_Machado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gerardo Machado">Gerardo Machado</a> nuligis la konstitucion. Dum la plentempa regado de Machado, nacia ekonomia programo estis traktita kun pluraj gravaj naciaj evoluigaj projektoj, kiuj inkluzivis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centra_%C5%9Doseo_(Kubo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centra ŝoseo (Kubo)">Centran Ŝoseon</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapitolo_de_Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapitolo de Havano">La Kapitolon</a>. La regado de Machado malfortiĝis pro la malkresko de la eksportado de agrikulturaĵoj pro la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granda_Depresio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granda Depresio">Granda Depresio</a>, atakoj de la veteranoj de la milito por sendependeco, kaj la atakoj de sekretaj organizoj.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Fulgencio_Batista,_president_of_Cuba.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg/220px-Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="337" data-file-height="404"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 264px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg/220px-Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="264" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg/330px-Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fulgencio_Batista%2C_president_of_Cuba.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Fulgencio Batista. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Dum <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%9Cenerala_striko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĝenerala striko">ĝenerala striko</a> en kiu la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunista_partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunista partio">Komunisma Partio</a> helpis al Machado<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, la altranguloj de la kuba armeo devigis Machadon ekziliĝi. La partio tiam enpostenigis kiel prezidanton <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_de_C%C3%A9spedes_y_Quesada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada">Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada</a>, filon de la fondopatro de Kubo (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Manuel_de_C%C3%A9spedes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Manuel de Céspedes">Carlos Manuel de Céspedes</a>). Dum la 4a-5a de septembro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1933?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1933">1933</a>, la dua puĉo faligis Céspedes kaj kondukis al la formado de la unua registaro de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Grau_San_Mart%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramón Grau San Martín">Ramón Grau San Martín</a>. Rimarkindaj okazaĵoj en tiu ĥaosa periodo inkluzivas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sie%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sieĝo">sieĝojn</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Hotelo_(Kubo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Hotelo (Kubo)">Kuba Nacia Hotelo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Murdo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Murdo">murdon</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blas_Hern%C3%A1ndez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blas Hernández">Blas Hernández</a>. Tiu registaro daŭris 100 tagojn, sed realigis radikalajn sociajn ŝanĝojn en la kuba socio kaj malakceptis la Amendon Platt. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1934">1934</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fulgencio_Batista?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fulgencio Batista">Fulgencio Batista</a> kaj la armeo anstataŭigis Grau per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Mendieta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Mendieta">Carlos Mendieta</a>.</p> <p>Fulgencio Batista estis demokratie elektita prezidanto en la elektoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1940">1940</a> kaj lia administracio aranĝis gravajn sociajn reformojn<sup id="cite_ref-horowitz_4-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-horowitz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bethell_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bethell-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Pluraj membroj de la Komunista Partio plenumis oficon sub lia administracio<sup id="cite_ref-Sweig-Inside_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sweig-Inside-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj establis ekonomian regularon favorigante la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sindikato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sindikato">sindikatojn</a>. Laŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_konstitucio_de_1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba konstitucio de 1940">Konstitucio de 1940</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virina_balotrajto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virina balotrajto">virinoj rajtis voĉdoni</a>, estis rekonitaj la rajtoj de la civitanoj al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sansistemo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sansistemo">sansistemo</a> kaj aperis estigo de pli bonaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laborkondi%C4%89oj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laborkondiĉoj">laborkondiĉoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dominquez-Cuba_47-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dominquez-Cuba-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La registaro de Batista formale aldonis Kubon al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aliancanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aliancanoj">Aliancanoj</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_Mondmilito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dua Mondmilito">Dua Mondmilito</a>. Kubo deklaris la militon al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japanio">Japanio</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9-an_de_decembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="9-an de decembro">9-an de decembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1941?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1941">1941</a>, poste al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nazia_Germanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nazia Germanio">Germanio</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italio">Italio</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/11-an_de_decembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="11-an de decembro">11-an de decembro</a> 1941. Tamen, la kuba armeo ne estis tre implikita en bataloj, kvankam la prezidanto Batista proponis komunan usonan-latinanamerikan atakon kontraŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankisma_Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankisma Hispanio">reĝimo</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Franco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Ramón Grau San Martín venkis en la elektoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1944?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1944">1944</a> kaj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1948?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1948">1948</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Pr%C3%ADo_Socarr%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Prío Socarrás">Carlos Prío Socarrás</a> venkis en la elektoj. Ĉi tiu estis la lasta balotado okazinta per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universala_vo%C4%89donrajto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universala voĉdonrajto">libera partoprenado</a>. Enfluo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Investado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Investado">investo</a> ekigis prosperon, kiu altigis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vivkondi%C4%89o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivkondiĉo">vivkondiĉojn</a> por ĉiuj klasoj de la socio kaj kreis prosperan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meza_klaso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meza klaso">mezan klason</a> en la plejmulto de la urbaj areoj. Malgraŭ tio, la distanco inter riĉuloj kaj senhavuloj iĝis pli larĝa kaj evidenta.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Cuba_yank_tank.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cuba_yank_tank.jpg/250px-Cuba_yank_tank.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cuba_yank_tank.jpg/250px-Cuba_yank_tank.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cuba_yank_tank.jpg/375px-Cuba_yank_tank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Cuba_yank_tank.jpg/500px-Cuba_yank_tank.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Pluraj aŭtomobiloj, tiel nomataj <i>jankiaj tankoj</i> estas uzataj ekde antaŭrevolucia epoko. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La elektadoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1952?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1952">1952</a> estis triopa konkurado. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roberto_Agramonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roberto Agramonte">Roberto Agramonte</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksa_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortodoksa Partio">Ortodoksa Partio</a> elstaris en ĉiuj balotenketoj, sekvita de Dro. Aurelio Hevia de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_A%C5%ADtentika_Revolucia_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba Aŭtentika Revolucia Partio">Aŭtentika Partio</a>, kaj Fulgencio Batista, serĉante revenon al la prezidenta oficejo, kiel malproksima triono. Agramonte kaj Hevia decidis nomumi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Barqu%C3%ADn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ramón Barquín">Ramón Barquín</a> por gvidi la kuban armeon post la elektoj. Barquín, tiam <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diplomato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diplomato">diplomato</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Va%C5%9Dingtono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaŝingtono">Vaŝingtono</a>, estis pintoficiro. Li estis respektita de la profesia armeo kaj promesis elimini ĝian koruptadon. Batista timis, ke Barquín forigos lin kaj liajn sekvantojn. Kiam iĝis preskaŭ evidenta ke Batista havos malgrandan gajneblecon, li okazigis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pu%C4%89o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Puĉo">puĉon</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/10-an_de_marto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="10-an de marto">10-an de marto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1952?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1952">1952</a>. Batista restis kun la potenco kun la subteno de la naciisma sekcio de la armeo kiel "provizora prezidanto" dum la sekvaj du jaroj.</p> <p>En marto 1952 Justo Carrillo informis Barquín en Vaŝingtono ke la internaj rondoj sciis ke Batista komplotis por realigi la puĉon. Sekve, ili tuj konspiris por forpeli Batista-n kaj restarigi demokration kaj civilan registaron en kio poste estis nomita <i>La Konspirado de Los Puros 1956 (Grupo Montecristi)</i>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1954?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1954">1954</a>, Batista konsentis pri elektoj. La Aŭtentika Partio metis antaŭan eks-prezidanton Grau kiel kandidaton, sed li retiriĝis meze de akuzoj kaj Batista regis la elektojn.</p> <p>En aprilo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1956?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1956">1956</a> Batista nomumis Barquín kiel generalo kaj armeestro, sed Barquín decidis antaŭeniri kun sia puĉo por certigi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Totalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Totalismo">totalan potencon</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4-an_de_aprilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="4-an de aprilo">4-an de aprilo</a> 1956, puĉo de centoj da karieroficiroj gviditaj de Barquín estis malsukcesigita de Rios Morejon. La puĉo rompis la dorson de la kuba armeo.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg/250px-Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="648"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg/250px-Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg/375px-Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg/500px-Teatro_Garcia_Lorca.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Teatro de Havano <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="García Lorca">García Lorca</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La oficiroj estis kondamnitaj al la maksimuma periodo permesita laŭ la kuba <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Militjuro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Militjuro">militjuro</a>. Barquín estis juĝita kaj kondamnita al soleca malliberigo dum ok jaroj. La Konspirado de Los Puros okazigis la malliberigon de la komandantoj de la armeo kaj la fermon de la armeaj akademioj.</p> <p>Kubo havis la plej altajn pokapajn konsumo-listojn en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a> pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viando?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viando">viando</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legomo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legomo">legomoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muslio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muslio">muslioj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%ADto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aŭto">aŭtoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Telefono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Telefono">telefonoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Radio">radioj</a>, kvankam tiu konsumado okazis plejparte fare de la malgranda nacia elito kaj eksterlandanoj<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_49-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lewis-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1958?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1958">1958</a> Kubo estis relative progresanta lando laŭ latinamerikaj kaj en kelkaj aspektoj eĉ laŭ la mondaj normoj<sup id="cite_ref-asce_50-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-asce-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kubo altiris ĉiam pli da <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enmigrinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Enmigrinto">enmigrintoj</a>, ĉefe de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝintaj Nacioj">Unuiĝintaj Nacioj</a> menciis Kubon pro ĝia granda meza klaso. Aliflanke, Kubo estis tuŝita de eble la plej grandaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Privilegio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Privilegio">privilegioj</a> de la sindikatoj en Latinameriko, inkluzive de malpermesoj pri maldungado kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mekanizado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mekanizado">meĥanizado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Inter 1933 kaj 1958, Kubo ege disvolvigis ekonomian regularon, kaŭzante ekonomiajn problemojn.<sup id="cite_ref-horowitz_4-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-horowitz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_1173_5-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Thomas_1173-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senlaboreco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senlaboreco">Senlaboreco</a> iĝis problemo ĉar la diplomiĝintoj ne povis trovi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laboro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laboro">laboron</a><sup id="cite_ref-horowitz_4-3" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-horowitz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bur%C4%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burĝo">burĝa klaso</a>, kiu estis komparebla al tiu de Usono, iĝis ĉiam pli malkontenta pro la senlaboreco. La sindikatoj apogis Batistan ĝis la fino.<sup id="cite_ref-horowitz_4-4" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-horowitz-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bethell_44-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bethell-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Revolucio">Revolucio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Revolucio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <dl> <dd> Vidu ankaŭ <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastrisma_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastrisma revolucio">Kastrisma revolucio</a></i> </dd> </dl> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:CheyFidel.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CheyFidel.jpg/250px-CheyFidel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="334" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 334px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CheyFidel.jpg/250px-CheyFidel.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="334" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CheyFidel.jpg/375px-CheyFidel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/CheyFidel.jpg/500px-CheyFidel.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Che_Guevara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidel_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, fotitaj de Alberto Korda en 1961. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2-an_de_decembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2-an de decembro">2-an de decembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1956?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1956">1956</a> grupo de 82 homoj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ja%C4%A5to?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jaĥto">jaĥto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granma">Granma</a> surteriĝis en Kubo. Gvidita de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidel_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>, ĝi intencis establi armitan rezistan movadon en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sierra_Maestra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sierra Maestra">Sierra Maestra</a>. Konfrontante la armitan reziston de la ribeloj de Castro en la montaro, la reĝimo de Fulgencio Batista malfortiĝis kaj paraliziĝis pro la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Embargo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Embargo">armilembargo</a> altrudita de Usono la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/14-an_de_marto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="14-an de marto">14-an de marto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1958?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1958">1958</a>. Antaŭ la fino de 1958, la ribeluloj malsupreniris de Sierra Maestra kaj lanĉis amasan popolan ribelon. Post kiam la batalantoj kaptis la urbon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Clara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Clara">Santa Clara</a>, Batista fuĝis de Havano la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1-an_de_januaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1-an de januaro">1-an de januaro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1959?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1959">1959</a> kaj ekziliĝis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugalio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugalio">Portugalio</a>. Barquín negocis la simbolan ŝanĝon de la prezidado inter <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camilo_Cienfuegos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camilo Cienfuegos">Camilo Cienfuegos</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Che_Guevara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a> kaj Fidel Castro post kiam la Supera Tribunalo decidis, ke la Revolucio estas la leĝfonto kaj ke ĝiaj reprezentantoj devas alpreni la regadon.</p> <p>La trupoj de Fidel Castro eniris la ĉefurbon la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8-an_de_januaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="8-an de januaro">8-an de januaro</a> 1959. Tuj poste, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liberala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberala">liberala</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Advokato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Advokato">advokato</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manuel_Urrutia_Lle%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manuel Urrutia Lleó">Manuel Urrutia Lleó</a> iĝis prezidanto. Li estis subtenita de Castro kaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movado_26-a_de_Julio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movado 26-a de Julio">Movado 26-a de Julio</a>, ĉar ili kredis ke lia nomumo estos bonvenigita de Usono. Malkonsentoj ene de la registaro kulminis per la eksiĝo de Urrutia en julio 1959. Li estis anstataŭigita per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Osvaldo_Dortic%C3%B3s_Torrado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado">Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado</a>, kiu funkciis kiel prezidanto ĝis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1976?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1976">1976</a>. Castro iĝis ĉefministro en februaro 1959, sukcedante <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Mir%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="José Miró (paĝo ne ekzistas)">José Miró</a> en tiu posteno.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En sia unua jaro, la nova revolucia registaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctatigo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝtatigo">ŝtatigis</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Privata_poseda%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Privata posedaĵo">privatajn posedaĵon</a> kun malgranda aŭ nenia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kompenso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kompenso">kompenso</a>, ŝtatigis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Entrepreno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Entrepreno">entreprenojn</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publika_servo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publika servo">publikaj servoj</a>, plifortigis la regadon super la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Privata_sektoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Privata sektoro">privata sektoro</a> kaj malpermesis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hazardludo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hazardludo">hazardludojn</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CIA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CIA">CIA</a> konspiris kune kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mafio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mafio">mafio</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ikago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉikago">Ĉikago</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1960?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1960">1960</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1961?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1961">1961</a> por murdi Fidel Castro, laŭ dokumentoj publikigitaj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Pluraj iniciatoj estis entreprenitaj de la registaro de Fidel Castro nome de programo skizita en la Manifesto de la Sierra Maestra.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fine de 1960, la plejmulto el la gazetoj en Kubo estis elproprietigitaj, transprenitaj de la sindikatoj, aŭ ĉesigitaj.<sup id="cite_ref-lazo_56-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lazo-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ĉiuj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_(komunikilo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio (komunikilo)">radioj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Televidstacio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Televidstacio">televidstacioj</a> estis sub la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Ctatkontrolo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ŝtatkontrolo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">ŝtatkontrolo</a>. Moderaj instruistoj kaj profesoroj estis forigitaj.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_49-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lewis-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ĉirkaŭ 20 000 malkonsentuloj, alikredantoj aŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disidento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Disidento">disidentoj</a> estis malliberigitaj. Kelkaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samseksemulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Samseksemulo">samseksemuloj</a>, senlaboruloj, religianoj, kaj aliaj estis senditaj al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Laborkampo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Laborkampo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">laborkampoj</a> kie ili estis submetitaj al "politika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reedukado&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reedukado (paĝo ne ekzistas)">reedukado</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oni taksas, ke 15 000 ĝis 17 000 homoj estis ekzekutitaj.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg/250px-Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="1063"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg/250px-Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg/375px-Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg/500px-Cuba_Missiles_Crisis_U-2_photo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Elaera foto farita de spiona aviadilo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lockheed_U-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lockheed U-2">U2</a> de misilejo en Kubo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_Komunisma_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba Komunisma Partio">Kuba Komunisma Partio</a> fortigis la unupartian regadon, kun Castro kiel fina estro.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_49-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lewis-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lewis_49-3" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lewis-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La frato de Fidel, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a>, iĝis la armeestro. Lojaleco al Castro iĝis la primara kriterio por ĉiuj nomumoj.<sup id="cite_ref-staten_60-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-staten-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En septembro 1960, la revolucia registaro kreis sistemon konata kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komitato_por_Defendado_de_la_Revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komitato por Defendado de la Revolucio">Komitato por Defendado de la Revolucio</a> (KDR), kiu celis spioni en la najbarejoj.<sup id="cite_ref-lewis_49-4" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-lewis-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Defilo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Defilo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">defilo</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novjara_Tago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novjara Tago">novjara tago</a> de 1961, la administracio elmontris <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovetunio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovetunio">sovetiajn</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanko">tankojn</a> kaj aliajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armilo">armilojn</a>. Poste Kubo kreis la duan plej grandan armeon en Latinameriko, kiun superas nur tiu brazila. Fakte Kubo iĝis privilegia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Klienta_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Klienta ŝtato">klienta ŝtato</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovetio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovetio">Sovetio</a>. Antaŭ 1961, centmiloj da kubanoj foriris al Usono.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invado_de_la_Porkogolfeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invado de la Porkogolfeto">Invado de la Porkogolfeto</a> en 1961 estis malsukcesa provo senpotencigi la kuban registaron fare de trejnitaj fortoj de kubaj ekziliĝintoj kun la uson-armea subteno. La plano estis lanĉita en aprilo 1961, malpli ol tri monatojn post kiam <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_F._Kennedy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> iĝis la usona prezidanto. La kuba armeo, trejnita kaj ekipita kun helpo de la landoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_Bloko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta Bloko">Orienta Bloko</a>, venkis la ekziliĝintojn post tri tagoj. Kub-usonaj rilatoj estis pliseverigitaj sekvajare pro la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kariba_krizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kariba krizo">Kariba krizo</a>, kiam la registaro de Kennedy postulis la tujan retiriĝon de sovetiaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Misilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Misilo">misiloj</a> metitaj en Kubo responde al usonaj atommisiloj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkio">Turkio</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proksima_Oriento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proksima Oriento">Proksima Oriento</a>. La sovetoj kaj usonanoj baldaŭ atingis interkonsenton: la unuaj promesis forigi siajn misilojn de Kubo kaj la usonanoj forigos misilojn de Turkio kaj Proksima Oriento. Kennedy ankaŭ promesis ne invadi Kubon en la estonteco. Kubaj ekziliĝintoj kaptitaj dum la Invado de la Porkogolfeto estis interŝanĝitaj al Usono kontraŭ manĝaĵpakaĵoj.<sup id="cite_ref-bethell_44-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-bethell-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Antaŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1963?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1963">1963</a>, Kubo moviĝis rekte al plena <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunismo">komunisma</a> sistemo formita laŭ Sovetunia ekzemplo<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Usono altrudis plenan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usona_embargo_kontra%C5%AD_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usona embargo kontraŭ Kubo">diplomatian kaj komercan embargon kontraŭ Kubo</a> kaj ekigis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Operaco_Mungoto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operaco Mungoto">Operacon Mungoto</a>, programo de sekretaj operacoj de CIA.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040,_Berlin,_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg/230px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="776"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 223px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg/230px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg" data-width="230" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg/345px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg/460px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L0614-040%2C_Berlin%2C_Fidel_Castro_an_der_Grenze.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Fidel Castro kaj membroj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germana_Demokratia_Respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Germana Demokratia Respubliko">Orient-Germana</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politburoo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politburoo">Politburoo</a> en 1972. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1965?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1965">1965</a>, Castro kunfandis la revoluciajn organizojn kun la Kuba Komunisma Partio, kies unua sekretario li iĝis; <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blas_Roca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blas Roca">Blas Roca</a> estis nomumita Dua Sekretario. Roca estis sukcedita de Raúl Castro, kiu, kiel ministro kaj la plej proksima konfidulo de Fidel, iĝis kaj restis la dua plej potenca figuro en Kubo ĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emerito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emerito">emeritiĝo</a> de sia frato. La pozicio de Raúl estis fortigita per la foriro de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Che_Guevara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> kiu gvidis malsukcesajn ribelojn en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokratia_Respubliko_Kongo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokratia Respubliko Kongo">Demokratia Respubliko Kongo</a> kaj poste en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolivio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolivio">Bolivio</a>, kie li estis mortigita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1967?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1967">1967</a>. Dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970-aj jaroj">1970-aj jaroj</a>, Fidel Castro sendis dekmilojn da kubanoj al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afriko">Afriko</a> subtene al la militoj favoritaj de Sovetio en tiu kontinento, precipe por <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MPLA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MPLA">MPLA</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angolo">Angolo</a> kaj reĝimo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etiopio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiopio">Etiopio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La vivnivelo en la 1970-aj jaroj estis malbona kaj la malkontento estis vasta.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_64-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cambridge-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fidel Castro agnoskis la fiaskojn de la ekonomiaj politikoj en sia parolado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970">1970</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_64-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cambridge-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekde la duono de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1970-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1970-aj jaroj">1970-aj jaroj</a>, Castro ekigis ekonomiajn reformojn.</p> <p>Kubo estis forpelita de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C4%B5o_de_Amerikaj_%C5%9Ctatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organizaĵo de Amerikaj Ŝtatoj">Organizaĵo de Amerikaj Ŝtatoj</a> (OAŜ) en 1962 en subteno de la usona embargo, sed en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975">1975</a> la OAŜ ĉesigis ĉiujn embargojn kontraŭ Kubo, kun aprobo de 16 landoj, inkluzive de Usono.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3-an_de_junio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="3-an de junio">3-an de junio</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a>, la OAŜ adoptis rezolucion por meti finon al la 47 jaroj da ekskludo de Kubo. La kunvenoj plenis je disputoj, tamen la usona delegitaro konsentis kun la aliaj membroj kaj aprobis la rezolucion<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kubaj gvidantoj plurfoje sciigis al ili ke la lando ne estas interesita pri realiĝo al la OAŜ.</p> <p>De la alia flanko oni povas konsideri aliajn rigardojn al la kastrisma revolucio. Dekomence multaj historiistoj indikas, ke <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidel_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> mem ne estis komunisto, havis bonajn rilatojn kun Usono tuj antaŭ la revolucio, li ne aliĝis al la Kuba Komunista Partio dum la komenco de siaj reformoj.<sup id="cite_ref-ideology_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ideology-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siaflanke la tiama Kuba Komunista Partio ne apogis la kastrisman insurekcion kaj male kritikis ĝin. En la momento de la revolucio variaj sektoroj de la socio subtenis la revolucian movadon inklude kelkajn komunistojn, sed ankaŭ negocistojn kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolika Eklezio">Katolika Eklezio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ideology_67-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ideology-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ĉio sugestas, ke la naciismaj politikoj de la venkintaj revoluciuloj malplaĉis al Usono, ĉefe pro manko de kompensoj al la ŝtatigoj kaj tiam okazis apartigo inter Usono kaj la revolucio, dum samtempe Sovetunio profitis la okazon por altiri la novan reĝimon al sia tendaro.</p> <p>Fidel Castro mem devenis el la nekomunista <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksa_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortodoksa Partio">Ortodoksa Partio</a> kaj lia unua insurekcia organizo, nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Movado_26-a_de_Julio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Movado 26-a de Julio">Movado 26-a de Julio</a>, estis komponita de homoj de variaj politikaj tendencoj, sed plej parto interkonsentis kaj deziris la reinstalon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_konstitucio_de_1940?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba konstitucio de 1940">Kuba konstitucio de 1940</a> kaj subtenis la idealojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jose_Marti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Marti">Jose Marti</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Che_Guevara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> komentis al Jorge Masetti en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intervjuo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intervjuo">intervjuo</a> dum la revolucio, ke "Fidel ne estas komunisto" kaj asertis, ke "politike oni povas difini Fidel kaj lian movadon kiel 'revolucia naciisto'. Kompreneble li estas kontraŭ-usona, en la senco, ke usonanoj estas kontraŭ-revoluciuloj".<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Ĉiuokaze evidentiĝis, ke laŭlonge de la procezo kaj Castro kaj la kastrismo aliiĝis al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_Bloko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta Bloko">Orienta Bloko</a>, kio rezultis en negativaj konsekvencoj el la vidpunto de la restado de la kuba popolo ene de la medio de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_politiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia politiko">internacia politiko</a>, sed rezultis ankaŭ en socialaj atingoj, kiel malpliigo de la niveldiversigo de la riĉeco kaj progreso en edukado kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sansistemo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sansistemo">sansistemo</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legoscio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Legoscio">legoscio</a> en Kubo estas de 99.8 procento<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_69-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-factbook-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mdgs.un.org_70-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mdgs.un.org-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj la lando estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Listo_de_%C5%9Dtatoj_la%C5%AD_procento_de_homoj,_kiuj_kapablas_legi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Listo de ŝtatoj laŭ procento de homoj, kiuj kapablas legi">deka plej alta en la mondo</a>, ĉefe pro la havigo de senpaga edukado en ĉiu nivelo.<sup id="cite_ref-LiteracyC_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LiteracyC-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La gradigo en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Altlernejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Altlernejo">altlernejoj</a> de Kubo estas 94 procento.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lastatempaj_aferoj">Lastatempaj aferoj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Lastatempaj aferoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Mariel_Refugees.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mariel_Refugees.jpg/280px-Mariel_Refugees.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="361"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mariel_Refugees.jpg/280px-Mariel_Refugees.jpg" data-width="280" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mariel_Refugees.jpg/420px-Mariel_Refugees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Mariel_Refugees.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kubaj elmigrintoj. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En 2002, ĉirkaŭ 1.2 milionoj da personoj el kuba deveno (proksimume 10% el la nuna loĝantaro de Kubo) loĝis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usono">Usono</a>, vidu <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_usonano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba usonano">kubaj usonanoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Multaj el ili forlasis la insulon tra la maro per malgrandaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boato">boatoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Floso">flosoj</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6-an_de_aprilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="6-an de aprilo">6-an de aprilo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980">1980</a>, 10 000 kubanoj sturmis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambasado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ambasado">ambasadejon</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peruo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peruo">Peruo</a> en Havano serĉante <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politika_azilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Politika azilo">politikan azilon</a>. Sekvatage, la kuba registaro donis permeson por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elmigrado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elmigrado">elmigrado</a> de la kubanoj, kiuj serĉis tie <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rifu%C4%9Dinto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rifuĝinto">rifuĝon</a>.</p> <p>La regado de Castro estis grave provita en la sekvo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolapso_de_Sovetunio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolapso de Sovetunio">sovetia kolapso</a> (en Kubo konata kiel la <i>Speciala Periodo</i>), kun efikoj kiel ekzemple malabundo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Man%C4%9Da%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manĝaĵo">manĝaĵoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petrolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petrolo">petrolo</a> kaj elektromanko.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La registaro ne akceptis usonajn donacojn, kiel manĝaĵoj, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medikamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Medikamento">medikamentoj</a> kaj mono ĝis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1993?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1993">1993</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5-an_de_a%C5%ADgusto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="5-an de aŭgusto">5-an de aŭgusto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a>, ŝtatsekureco disigis manifestacianojn, kiuj spontane protestis en Havano.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="334"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidel_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a> kaj Prezidento de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusio">Rusio</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, 2000. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kubo trovis novan helpofonton kaj subtenon en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88ina_Popola_Respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĉina Popola Respubliko">Ĉina Popola Respubliko</a>, kaj en novaj aliancanoj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, prezidento de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuelo">Venezuelo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evo_Morales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evo Morales">Evo Morales</a>, prezidento de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolivio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolivio">Bolivio</a>, ambaŭ gravaj eksportantoj de petrolo kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natura_gaso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Natura gaso">natura gaso</a>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a>, la registaro arestis kaj malliberigis grandan nombron de politikaj sendependaj aktivuloj, periodo konata kiel la "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigra_Printempo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nigra Printempo">Nigra Printempo</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/31-an_de_julio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="31-an de julio">31-an de julio</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a>, Fidel Castro provizore transdonis siajn plej gravajn devontigojn al sia frato, Unua Vicprezidento, Raúl Castro, dum Fidel resaniĝis post kirurgia operaco pro "akra intesta krizo kun daŭra sangado". La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2-an_de_decembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2-an de decembro">2-an de decembro</a> 2006, Fidel estis tro malsana por sekvi la 50-datrevenan memorceremonion de la surteriĝo de la jaĥto Granma, estigante supozon ke li havis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stomaka_kancero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stomaka kancero">stomakan kanceron</a>, kvankam ekzistis indico ke lia malsano estis pro digesto kaj ne morta.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg/280px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg/280px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg" data-width="280" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg/420px-Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dmitry_Medvedev_in_Cuba_28_November_2008-4.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a> kaj Prezidento <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dmitrij_Medvedev?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dmitrij Medvedev">Medvedev</a> de Rusio </figcaption> </figure> <p>En januaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a>, video estis publikigita pri la renkontiĝo de Fidel Castro kaj Hugo Chávez, en kiu Castro "prezentiĝis malforta sed pli forta ol tri monatojn antaŭe".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En februaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2008?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2008">2008</a>, Fidel Castro sciigis sian eksiĝon kiel Prezidanto de Kubo<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/24-an_de_februaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="24-an de februaro">24-an de februaro</a> Raúl estis elektita kiel la nova prezidanto<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En sia ekofica parolado, Raúl promesis ke kelkaj el la restriktoj, kiuj limigas la vivon de la kubanoj estos forigitaj<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En marto <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a>, Raúl Castro forigis kelkajn el la oficialuloj de Fidel Castro.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Homaj_rajtoj">Homaj rajtoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Homaj rajtoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8860200">.mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.5em;font-style:italic}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}html.skin-theme-clientpref-light .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#F9F9F9;color:black;border:1px solid #AAAAAA}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cxefartikolo{background-color:#202122;color:white;border:1px solid #333333}}</style> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homaj_rajtoj_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homaj rajtoj en Kubo">Homaj rajtoj en Kubo</a>. </div> <p>La registaro de Kubo estas akuzita je multnombraj misuzoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homaj_rajtoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homaj rajtoj">homaj rajtoj</a>, inkluzive de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torturo">torturo</a>, arbitra malliberigo, maljustaj juĝoj, kaj eksterkortumaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekzekuto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekzekuto">ekzekutoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-state.gov_86-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-state.gov-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La organizo <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i> asertas, ke la registaro "subpremas preskaŭ ĉiujn formojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opozicio_(politiko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opozicio (politiko)">politika opozicio</a>" kaj ke "kubanoj estas sisteme senigitaj de la bazaj rajtoj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parollibereco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parollibereco">libera esprimo</a>, asocio, asembleo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Privateco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Privateco">privateco</a>, movado kaj juraj aferoj".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Laŭ statistikoj de 2008, Kubo havis la duan plej altan nombron de malliberigitaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%B4urnalisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĵurnalisto">ĵurnalistoj</a> en la mondo (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88inio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉinio">Ĉinio</a> havis la plej altan) laŭ diversaj fontoj, inkluzive de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komitato_por_Protektado_de_%C4%B4urnalistoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komitato por Protektado de Ĵurnalistoj">Komitato por Protektado de Ĵurnalistoj</a>, internacia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neregistara_organiza%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neregistara organizaĵo">neregistara organizaĵo</a>, kaj <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interreto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Interreto">Interreto</a> uzeblas nur en kelkaj ŝtataj oficejoj, hoteloj, komputilejoj kaj de kelkaj jaroj ankaŭ per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Po%C5%9Dtelefono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poŝtelefono">poŝtelefonoj</a>, sed kontraŭ alta prezo. Malgraŭ tio, la retumantoj estas priesplorataj.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Kubaj disidentoj travivas arbitrajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aresto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aresto">areston</a> kaj malliberigon. En la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990-aj jaroj">1990-aj jaroj</a>, <i>Human Rights Watch</i> raportis, ke la ampleksa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karcero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karcero">karcersistemo</a> de Kubo, unu el la plej grandaj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a>, konsistas el proksimume 40 maksimuksekurecaj malliberejoj, 30 minimumsekurecaj malliberejoj, kaj pli ol 200 labor-kampoj<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Laŭ <i>Human Rights Watch</i>, "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politikaj_prizonuloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Politikaj prizonuloj">politikaj prizonuloj</a>", kune kun la cetero de la prizonularo de Kubo, estas retenataj en malliberejoj je "neadekvataj" kaj nesanaj "kondiĉoj".</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geografio">Geografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Geografio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Cuba_Topography.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cuba_Topography.png/260px-Cuba_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1753" data-file-height="1002"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cuba_Topography.png/260px-Cuba_Topography.png" data-width="260" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cuba_Topography.png/390px-Cuba_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Cuba_Topography.png/520px-Cuba_Topography.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Topografia mapo de Kubo. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La lando estas arkipelago konsistanta el la plej granda insulo de la Antiloj, nomata Kubo, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insulo_de_la_Junularo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Insulo de la Junularo">Insulo de la Junularo</a> (antaue nomata <i>Isla de Pinos</i>), kaj aliaj 4 195 insuletoj. Ĝi troviĝas en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kariba_Maro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kariba Maro">Kariba Maro</a>, proksime al la marbordoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usono">Usono</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>. Norde ĝi limas kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florida_Markolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florida Markolo">Florida Markolo</a>, oriente kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Paso_de_la_Ventoj&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Paso de la Ventoj (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Paso de la Ventoj</a>, sude kun Karibio kaj okcidente kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksika_Golfo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksika Golfo">Meksika Golfo</a>. Entute ĝi havas 110 922 kvadratajn kilometrojn. Ĝi havas similan areon ekzemple kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gvatemalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gvatemalo">Gvatemalo</a> aŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bulgario?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bulgario">Bulgario</a>.</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biogeografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biogeografio">Biogeografie</a> Kubo apartenas al la Kariba <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekoprovinco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekoprovinco">ekoprovinco</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neotropika_ekozono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neotropika ekozono">Neotropika ekozono</a> laŭ la sistemo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_Natur-Fonduso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monda Natur-Fonduso">Monda Natur-Fonduso</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WWF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WWF">WWF</a>). Ĝi entenas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubaj_humidaj_arbaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kubaj humidaj arbaroj">Kubajn humidajn arbarojn</a>, kiuj konstituas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekoregiono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekoregiono">ekoregionon</a> de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biomo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biomo">biomo</a> "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tropikaj_kaj_subtropikaj_humidaj_foliarbaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tropikaj kaj subtropikaj humidaj foliarbaroj">Tropikaj kaj subtropikaj humidaj foliarbaroj</a>". La plejparto de la lando estas fruktodona <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebena%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebenaĵo">ebenaĵo</a>, sed ankaŭ estas montaroj kiaj la fama <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sierra_Maestra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sierra Maestra">Sierra Maestra</a>. La plej alta pinto estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinto_Turkino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinto Turkino">Pinto Turkino</a> kiu havas 1 974 m.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg/200px-SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg/200px-SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg/300px-SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg/400px-SierraMaestra-382707055.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La <i>Sierra Maestra</i> vidata ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebena%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebenaĵo">ebenaĵo</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usona_%C5%9Cipbazo_%C4%89e_la_Golfo_de_Gvantanamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usona Ŝipbazo ĉe la Golfo de Gvantanamo">Usona Ŝipbazo ĉe la Golfo de Gvantanamo</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana lingvo">hispane</a> <i><span class="lang-es" lang="es">Base Naval de la Bahía de Guantánamo</span></i>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angla_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angla lingvo">angle</a> <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Guantanamo Bay Naval Base</span></i> aŭ <i>Gitmo</i>) estas disputata teritorio kaj militbazo kiun Usono luprenas en la insulo Kubo. Ĉi lasta lando konservas la suverenecon super la bazo kaj ĝin konsideras okupita teritorio, sed Usono neas meti finon al la luprenado pere de la Kub-usona Traktato de 1903.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Klimato">Klimato</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Klimato" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La loka klimato estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tropikoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tropikoj">tropika</a>, moderigita per nordorientaj ventoj kiuj blovas tutjare. Ĝenerale (kun lokaj varioj), ekzistas pli <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seka_sezono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seka sezono">seka sezono</a> de novembro ĝis aprilo, kaj pli <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pluvsezono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pluvsezono">pluvoplena sezono</a> de majo ĝis oktobro. La averaĝa temperaturo estas <span style="white-space: nowrap;">21 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grado_de_Celsio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grado de Celsio">°C</a></span> en januaro kaj <span style="white-space: nowrap;">27 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grado_de_Celsio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grado de Celsio">°C</a></span> en julio. Pro la varmaj temperaturoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kariba_Maro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kariba Maro">Kariba Maro</a> kaj la fakto ke Kubo sidas trans la enirejo al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksika_Golfo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksika Golfo">Meksika Golfo</a>, Kubo ricevas plurajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uragano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uragano">uraganojn</a> en la sezono junio-novembro. Tamen, ili pli oftas inter septembro kaj oktobro.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Cayol3.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cayol3.jpg/270px-Cayol3.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cayol3.jpg/270px-Cayol3.jpg" data-width="270" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cayol3.jpg/405px-Cayol3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Cayol3.jpg/540px-Cayol3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Strando en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cayo_Largo_del_Sur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cayo Largo del Sur">Cayo Largo del Sur</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Resursoj">Resursoj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Resursoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La plej grava minerala resurso estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikelo">nikelo</a>, de kiu Kubo havas la duan plej grandan rezervon de la mondo (post <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusio">Rusio</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-torres_92-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-torres-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La entrepreno <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sherritt_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sherritt International">Sherritt International</a></i> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanado">Kanado</a> funkciigas grandan nikelan minadinstalaĵon en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Moa">Moa</a>. Kubo estas la kvina plej granda mondproduktanto de rafinita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kobalto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kobalto">kobalto</a>, kromprodukto de nikelo<sup id="cite_ref-torres_92-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-torres-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lastatempa nafto-esplorado malkovris, ke en la nordo de la lando estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Petrolputo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Petrolputo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">petrolputoj</a>, kiuj povus produkti ĉirkaŭ 4.6 milionojn da <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barelo">bareloj</a> (730 000,000 m³) ĝis 9.3 milionoj da bareloj de petrolo. En 2006, Kubo komencis bori tiujn lokojn por ekspluatado.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Flaŭro_kaj_faŭno"><span id="Fla.C5.ADro_kaj_fa.C5.ADno"></span>Flaŭro kaj faŭno</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Flaŭro kaj faŭno" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg/200px-Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg/200px-Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg/300px-Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg/400px-Hedychium_coronarium0.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> La nacia floro de Kubo: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blanka_papilifloro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blanka papilifloro">Blanka papilifloro</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>En la kuba bestaro elstaras la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mamuloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mamuloj">mamuloj</a> kiel la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapromiedoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapromiedoj">kapromiedoj</a>, diversaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kiropteroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiropteroj">kiropteroj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reptilioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reptilioj">reptilioj</a> (neniuj el ili venenaj), elstare multnombra aro de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krokodilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krokodilo">krokodiloj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amfibioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amfibioj">amfibioj</a> (inter ili la plej malgranda <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rano">rano</a> de la mondo), <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fi%C5%9Do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiŝo">fiŝoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Marfi%C5%9Do&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Marfiŝo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">marfiŝoj</a> (aparte tiuj vivantaj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koralrifo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Koralrifo">koralrifoj</a>). Ankaŭ abundas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insekto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Insekto">insektoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insektoman%C4%9Duloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insektomanĝuloj">insektomanĝuloj</a>.</p> <p>La flaŭro estas kalkulata je pli ol 6 500 specioj el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semplantoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semplantoj">semplantoj</a>, precipe en la arbaroj; inter kiuj troviĝas la tropikaj plantoj, riveraj kaj fruktaj.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Origine Kubo estis plenplena de densa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegeta%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetaĵo">vegetaĵo</a>, kiu estas eliminita por evoluigi la agrikulturon. Tamen, ekzistas multaj programoj por la prizorgado kaj bontenado de ĉi tiuj arbaroj, kiuj havas grandan diversecon. La valoraj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ligno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligno">lignoj</a> de Kubo estas tre aprezataj.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_trogono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba trogono">trogono</a> (<i>Priotelus temnurus</i>) estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_birdo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nacia birdo">nacia birdo</a> de Kubo. Ĝi estas praloĝanta specio de la insulo kaj ĝiaj plumoj havas la samajn kolorojn de la nacia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flago_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Flago de Kubo">flago de Kubo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Hidrografio">Hidrografio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Hidrografio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG/200px-Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG/200px-Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG/300px-Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG/400px-Aliviadero_del_embalse_de_Buey_Arriba.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Defluejo de la akvorezervejo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buey_Arriba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Buey Arriba">Buey Arriba</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kubo posedas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hidrografio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hidrografio">hidrografion</a> en kiu abundas la pluvado. La pluvado ludas gravan rolon en la akvoprovizado.</p> <p>Inter la riveroj elstaras la plej abundakva: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rivero_Toao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivero Toao">Toao</a>; kaj la plej longa: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rivero_Ka%C5%ADto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rivero Kaŭto">Kaŭto</a>; ili troviĝas en la orienta regiono.</p> <p>En tiu ĉi regiono dum la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2004">2004</a> okazis malegala distribuado de la pluvado, ekstrema sekeco kaj inundoj, kiuj estis regitaj. Krome, kvankam ne rekte, diversaj uraganoj kaj ciklonoj lastatempe influis en la pluvado.</p> <p>En la jaroj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2006">2006</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2007">2007</a> la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Akvorezervujo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Akvorezervujo">akvorezervujoj</a>, riveroj kaj lagoj pleniĝis, provizante akvon al la plejparto de la loĝantaro.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ekonomio">Ekonomio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Ekonomio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/250px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="671"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/250px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/375px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/500px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabako?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabako">Tabako</a>-plantejo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar del Río">Pinar del Río</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La kuba ŝtato aliĝis al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialismo">socialismaj principoj</a> rilate la organizadon de ĝia plejparte ŝtatkontrolita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Planekonomio&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Planekonomio (paĝo ne ekzistas)">planekonomio</a>. La plimulto el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produktadrimedoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produktadrimedoj">produktadrimedoj</a> estas posedataj kaj gvidataj de la registaro kaj grandparte la laborforto estas dungata de la ŝtato. En la lastaj jaroj oni vidis tendencon al pli ofta dungado ĉe la kreskanta privata sektoro. Antaŭ 2006, publika dungado estis 78% kaj privata sektoro 22%, kompare kun 91.8% kaj 8.2% en 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La kapitalinvesto estas limigita kaj postulas la nepran aprobon de la registaro. Ĉiu eksterlanda firmao en Kubo deziranta dungi kubanojn devas pagi al la kuba registaro, kiu siavice pagos la dungiton per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_peso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba peso">kubaj pesoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kubanoj ne povas ŝanĝi la laboron sen registarpermeso. La meza <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salajro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salajro">salajro</a> en la fino de 2005 estis 334 kubaj pesoj monate kaj la averaĝa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pensio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pensio">pensio</a> estis la ekvivalento de 9 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usona_dolaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usona dolaro">usonaj dolaroj</a> monate.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Kubo multe dependis de la komercado kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovetunio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovetunio">Sovetunio</a>. Ekde la fino de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980-aj jaroj">1980-aj jaroj</a>, sovetiaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subvencio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subvencio">subvencio</a>j por kubaj varoj komencis malkreski.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Antaŭ la kolapso de Sovetunio, Kubo dependis de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moskvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moskvo">Moskvo</a> por granda helpo, kiu protektis la merkaton per ĝiaj eksportoj.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg/250px-Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg/250px-Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg/375px-Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg/500px-Vista_Varadero_calle_38.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Plaĝo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varadero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varadero">Varadero</a> altiras 1 milionon da eksterlandaj vizitantoj ĉiujare. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La forigo de tiuj subvencioj metis la kuban ekonomion en rapidan <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Depresio_(ekonomiko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Depresio (ekonomiko)">depresion</a> kiu estas konata en Kubo kiel la <i>Speciala Periodo</i>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1992?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1992">1992</a> Usono plifortigis la komercembargon, esperante vidi demokratiigon simile al tiu okazinta en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orienta_E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orienta Eŭropo">Orienta Eŭropo</a>.</p> <p>Kiel aliaj komunismaj kaj postkomunistaj ŝtatoj post la kolapso de Sovetunio, Kubo ekhavis limigitan merkaton kiu estis orientita por mildigi la severajn mankojn de manĝaĵoj, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varo">konsumvaroj</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Servoj_(ekonomio)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Servoj (ekonomio)">servoj</a>. Tiu antaŭenpaŝo permesis mem-dungadon en kelkaj sektoroj kaj malpezaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manufakturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manufakturo">manufaktur</a>-sektoroj, la leĝigon de la uzado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usona_dolaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usona dolaro">usonaj dolaroj</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komerco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komerco">komerco</a>, kaj la instigon al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turismo">turismo</a>. Kubo evoluigis unikan urban biensistemon por kompensi la finon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Importo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Importo">importado</a> de manĝaĵoj el Sovetio. En la lastaj jaroj, Kubo malpliigis kelkajn el la iniciatoj entreprenitaj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990-aj jaroj">1990-aj jaroj</a>. En 2004 la kubaj aŭtoritatuloj eliminis la cirkuladon de la usona <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valuto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valuto">valuto</a> en ĝiaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Butiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Butiko">butikoj</a> kaj en la komercado. Oni povas ŝanĝi dolarojn en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mon%C5%9Dan%C4%9Dejo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monŝanĝejo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">monŝanĝejoj</a>, sed 10% <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monpuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monpuno">monpuno</a> pagendas.</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turismo">Turismo</a> estis komence limigita al specifaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feriejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Feriejo">feriejoj</a> kie turistoj estis apartigitaj de la kuba socio, nomataj "enklavoturismo".<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kontaktoj inter eksterlandaj vizitantoj kaj ordinaraj kubanoj estis tute eksterleĝaj ĝis 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turismo ekde 1996 superis la sukerindustrion kiel la plej granda enspezfonto por Kubo.</p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:02.Trinidad_(59).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG/250px-02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG/250px-02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG/375px-02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG/500px-02.Trinidad_%2859%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad_(Kubo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad (Kubo)">Trinidad</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_hereda%C4%B5o_de_Unesko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monda heredaĵo de Unesko">Monda heredaĵo de Unesko</a> ekde 1988. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kubo triobligis la merkatan kvoton de la Kariba turismo en la jardeko de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000-aj jaroj">2000-aj jaroj</a>; kiel rezulto de la signifa investo en turisma <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infrastrukturo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infrastrukturo">infrastrukturo</a>, tiu kreskokvoto spertas altiĝon ĉiujare<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ĉirkaŭ 1.9 milionoj da turistoj vizitis Kubon en 2003, precipe el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanado">Kanado</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropa_Unio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropa Unio">Eŭropa Unio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-state.gov_86-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-state.gov-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La rapida kresko de turismo dum la Speciala Periodo havis gravajn sociajn kaj ekonomiajn postefikojn en Kubo, kaj spronis la aperon de dunivela ekonomio<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La sektoro pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kuracista_turismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kuracista turismo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">kuracista turismo</a> estas uzata de miloj da eŭropanoj, latinamerikanoj kaj kanadanoj. Samtempe vaste disvolviĝis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seksa_turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Seksa turismo">seksa turismo</a>, kion helpas la malaltega vivnivelo de kubanoj.</p> <p>La komunisma agrikultura produktadsistemo estis konsiderita maltaŭga fare de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raúl Castro">Raúl Castro</a> en 2008, kiu promesis reformojn.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kubo nun importas ĝis 80% de konsumata manĝaĵo de la lando. Antaŭ 1959, Kubo fanfaronis havi pli da <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bovo">bovoj</a> ol homoj. Tradicie <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabako?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabako">tabako</a> estis unu el plej gravaj ekonomiaj resursoj de la lando. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Habanos_S.A.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Habanos S.A.">Habanos S.A.</a> estas la registrita marko de la la kuba <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctata_monopolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝtata monopolo">ŝtata monopolo</a> de tabako, nome <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kompanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kompanio">kompanio</a> Cubatabaco. La kompanio funkciigas la merkatigon, distribuon kaj eksportadon de kubaj cigaroj kaj aliaj tabakvaroj internacie <sup id="cite_ref-Morales_&_Scarpaci_2011_106-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Morales_&_Scarpaci_2011-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La kompanio komercigis la markojn <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohiba_(cigar_brand)" class="extiw" title="en:Cohiba (cigar brand)">Cohiba</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montecristo_(cigar)" class="extiw" title="en:Montecristo (cigar)">Montecristo</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bol%25C3%25ADvar_(cigar_brand)" class="extiw" title="en:Bolívar (cigar brand)">Bolívar</a>, kaj <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo_y_Julieta_(cigar)" class="extiw" title="en:Romeo y Julieta (cigar)">Romeo y Julieta</a>, inter aliaj.</p> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2010">2010</a>, kubanoj ricevis la permeson konstrui siajn proprajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domo">domojn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Laŭ Raul Castro, ili povos plibonigi siajn domojn kun tiu nova permeso, sed la registaro ne aprobos tiujn novajn domojn aŭ plibonigojn.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kaf-industrio">Kaf-industrio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Kaf-industrio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkeologia_pejza%C4%9Do_de_la_unuaj_kafplantejoj_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arkeologia pejzaĝo de la unuaj kafplantejoj en Kubo">Arkeologia pejzaĝo de la unuaj kafplantejoj en Kubo</a> estas loko apartenanta al la listo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_hereda%C4%B5o_de_UNESKO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monda heredaĵo de UNESKO">Monda heredaĵo de UNESKO</a> en la insulo Kubo ekde <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2000?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2000">2000</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ruino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ruino">ruinoj</a> aŭ spuroj kiuj ankoraŭ restas de tiuj ĉi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plantejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plantejo">kafplantejoj</a> venas de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a>; ili estas la unika elmontro de pionira terkultivado en malfacila tereno proksima al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sierra_Maestra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sierra Maestra">Sierra Maestra</a>. Laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unesko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unesko">Unesko</a> ili havas gravan signifon rilate la teknologian, socian kaj ekonomian historiojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karibio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karibio">Karibio</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iberameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iberameriko">Iberameriko</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Registaro_kaj_politiko">Registaro kaj politiko</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Registaro kaj politiko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Revolution_square.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Revolution_square.jpg/270px-Revolution_square.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="360" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 270px;height: 360px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Revolution_square.jpg/270px-Revolution_square.jpg" data-width="270" data-height="360" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Revolution_square.jpg/405px-Revolution_square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Revolution_square.jpg/540px-Revolution_square.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> José Martí ĉe la Placo de la Revolucio. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kuba_Konstitucio_de_1976&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kuba Konstitucio de 1976 (paĝo ne ekzistas)">konstitucio de 1976</a>, kiu difinis Kubon kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialisma_respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialisma respubliko">socialisman respublikon</a>, estis anstataŭigita per la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kuba_konstitucio_de_1992&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kuba konstitucio de 1992 (paĝo ne ekzistas)">konstitucio de 1992</a>, kiu, laŭ la kuba registaro, estas gvidita de la ideologio de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karlo_Markso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlo Markso">Karlo Markso</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederiko_Engelso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederiko Engelso">Frederiko Engelso</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenino">Lenino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_109-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-constitution-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La konstitucio priskribas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_Komunisma_Partio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba Komunisma Partio">Kuban Komunisman Partion</a> kiel la "gvidan forton de la socio kaj la ŝtato". La unua sekretario de la komunisma partio estas samtempe prezidanto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%C5%9Ctata_konsilio_(Kubo)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ŝtata konsilio (Kubo) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Ŝtata konsilio</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Prezidanto_de_Kubo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Prezidanto de Kubo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Prezidanto de Kubo</a>) kaj Konsilia prezidanto (foje nomata Ĉefministro de Kubo)<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La membroj de ambaŭ konsilioj estas elektitaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nacia_Popola_Asembleo_(Kubo)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nacia Popola Asembleo (Kubo) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Nacia Popola Asembleo</a>. La Prezidanto de Kubo, kiu ankaŭ estas elektita de la Asembleo, servas kvin jarojn kaj ekzistas neniu limo por la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oficperiodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oficperiodo">oficperiodoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_109-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-constitution-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supera_Kortumo_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supera Kortumo de Kubo">Supera Kortumo de Kubo</a> funkcias kiel la plej alta jura institucio de la justica regado. Ĝi ankaŭ estas la lasta rimedo kontraŭ la decidoj de provincaj tribunaloj.</p> <p>La nacia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamento">parlamento</a> de Kubo, nomata <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Asembleo_de_la_Popola_Povo_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Asembleo de la Popola Povo de Kubo">Nacia Asembleo de la Popola Povo</a>, estas la supera organo de la regado: 609 anoj servas por kvinjaraj periodoj<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_109-2" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-constitution-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La asembleo kunvenas du fojojn jare. Inter la sesioj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le%C4%9Dodona_povo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Leĝodona povo">leĝodona povo</a> estas prizorgata de la 31-membra <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilio_de_Ministroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsilio de Ministroj">Konsilio de Ministroj</a>. Kandidatoj por la Asembleo estas aprobitaj per publika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Referendumo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Referendumo">referendumo</a>. Ĉiuj kubaj civitanoj pli ol 16-jaraĝaj, kiuj ne estis juĝitaj pro krima <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Delikto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Delikto">delikto</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Balotrajto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Balotrajto">rajtas voĉdoni</a>. La artikolo 131 de la konstitucio establas, ke balotado devas esti "tra libera, egala kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekreta_vo%C4%89donado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekreta voĉdonado">sekreta voĉdono</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-constitution_109-3" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-constitution-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La artikolo 136 diras, ke "Por ke la deputitoj aŭ delegitoj estu konsiderataj elektitaj, ili devas ricevi pli ol duonon de la kvanto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Valida_vo%C4%89dono&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Valida voĉdono (paĝo ne ekzistas)">validaj voĉdonoj</a> liveritaj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elektodistrikto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elektodistrikto">elektodistriktoj</a>". La voĉdonoj estas kalkulitaj sekrete kaj la rezulto estas anoncita antaŭ publika vido. Kandidatoj estas elektitaj ĉe lokaj kunvenoj de multaj kandidatoj antaŭ gajni la aprobon de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Elektokomisiono&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Elektokomisiono (paĝo ne ekzistas)">elektokomisionoj</a>. En la posta elekto, ekzistas nur unu kandidato por ĉiu <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sidloko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sidloko">sidloko</a>, kiu devas akiri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plimulto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plimulto">plimulton</a> por esti elektita.</p> <p>Neniu <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partio_(politiko)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partio (politiko)">partio</a> rajtas nomumi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kandidato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kandidato">kandidatojn</a> aŭ kampanji en la insulo, krom la Kuba Komunisma Partio kiu aranĝis ses partiajn kongresojn ekde <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1975?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1975">1975</a>. En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a> la partio havis 800 000 membrojn, kaj reprezentantoj ĝenerale konsistigas almenaŭ duonon de la ŝtatkonsilioj kaj la Nacian Asembleon. La ceteraj postenoj estas plenigitaj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kandidatoj_sen_partianeco&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kandidatoj sen partianeco (paĝo ne ekzistas)">kandidatoj sen partianeco</a>. Malgraŭ la malpermeso kaj kontraŭleĝeco, aliaj partioj ekzistas kaj agadas fare de opoziciaj grupoj, vidu ekz. la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blankevestitaj_Damoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blankevestitaj Damoj">Blankevestitaj Damoj</a>.</p> <p>La lando estas administre subdividita en 15 provincojn kaj unu specialan municipon (Insulo de la Junularo). Tiuj estis antaŭe parto de ses pli grandaj historiaj provincoj: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar del Río (provinco)">Pinar del Río</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Habana_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Habana (provinco)">La Habana</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matanzas_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Matanzas (provinco)">Matanzas</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Las_Villas_(provinco)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Las Villas (provinco) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Las Villas</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camagüey (provinco)">Camagüey</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oriente_(provinco)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oriente (provinco) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Oriente</a>. La nunaj subdividoj proksimume similas al la hispanaj armeaj provincoj dum la militoj de sendependeco, kiam la plej ĝenaj areoj estis subdividitaj. La provincoj estas dividitaj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Municipo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Municipo">municipojn</a>. La lasta modifo okazis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%ADgusto_2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aŭgusto 2010">aŭgusto 2010</a>, kiam la Nacia asembleo de Kubo aprobis la kreadon de du novaj provincoj: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artemisa_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemisa (provinco)">Artemisa</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Provinco_Mayabeque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provinco Mayabeque">Mayabeque</a> surbaze de la divido de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a>, kune kun aldonaĵo de tri orientaj municipoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar del Río">Pinar del Río</a>. Ĉi nova divido validas ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1-a_de_januaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1-a de januaro">1-a de januaro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2011">2011</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:CubaSubdivisions.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/CubaSubdivisions.png" decoding="async" width="800" height="339" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="339"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 800px;height: 339px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/CubaSubdivisions.png" data-width="800" data-height="339" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <p>1: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar del Río (provinco)">Pinar del Río</a> — 2: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artemisa_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemisa (provinco)">Artemisa</a> — 3: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Habana_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Habana (provinco)">La Habana</a> — 4: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mayabeque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayabeque">Mayabeque</a> — 5: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matanzas_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Matanzas (provinco)">Matanzas</a> — 6: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cienfuegos_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cienfuegos (provinco)">Cienfuegos</a> — 7: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Villa_Clara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Villa Clara">Villa Clara</a> — 8: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sancti_Sp%C3%ADritus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sancti Spíritus">Sancti Spíritus</a> — 9: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciego_de_Avila?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciego de Avila">Ciego de Avila</a> — 10: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camagüey (provinco)">Camagüey</a> — 11: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Las_Tunas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Tunas">Las Tunas</a> — 12: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granma_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granma (provinco)">Granma</a> — 13: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holgu%C3%ADn_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Holguín (provinco)">Holguín</a> — 14: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santiago_de_Kubo_(provinco)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago de Kubo (provinco)">Santiago de Cuba</a> — 15: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guantanamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guantanamo">Guantánamo</a> — 16:<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isla_de_la_Juventud?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla de la Juventud">Isla de la Juventud</a></p> <hr> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Socia_vivo">Socia vivo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Socia vivo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Malgraŭ nedisputebla dominado de la komunisma partio en ĉiuj sferoj de la vivo, plu vivas kaj agadas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Framasonismo_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Framasonismo en Kubo">framasonaj loĝioj</a>. En 316 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lo%C4%9Dio_(framasona)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loĝio (framasona)">loĝioj</a> anas 30 mil da kubanoj, kio kompareblas kun la ciferoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1958?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1958">1958</a>. Ili plu disponas 220 templojn, kvankam la registaro konfiskis 5 aŭ 6 el ili kaj kaptis 8 el 11 etaĝojn de la ĉefa templo en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a>. Triono de la membroj loĝas en Havano kaj multaj el ili apartenas al la Kuba Komunisma Partio. La registaro postulas, ke oni eksigu la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_usonano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba usonano">elmigrantojn</a> kaj detale raportu pri sia agado<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Militistaro">Militistaro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Militistaro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Kubo dediĉis 9-13% de sia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malneta_enlanda_produkto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malneta enlanda produkto">malneta enlanda produkto</a> por armeaj elspezoj.<sup id="cite_ref-expenditure_112-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-expenditure-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Castro konstruis la duan plej grandan armeon en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a>, kiun superas nur la armeo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brazilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brazilo">Brazilo</a>. De 1975 ĝis la fino de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980-aj jaroj">1980-aj jaroj</a>, la sovetia armea asistado ebligis al Kubo ofte realigi <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Armea_ekzerco&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Armea ekzerco (paĝo ne ekzistas)">armeajn ekzercojn</a>. Pro la perdo de sovetiaj subvencioj, Kubo malgrandigis la nombron de la armea personaro, de 235 000 en 1994 ĝis proksimume 60 000 en 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Eksterlandaj_rilatoj">Eksterlandaj rilatoj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksterlandaj rilatoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg/220px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg/330px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg/440px-Vladimir_Putin_in_Cuba_14-17_December_2000-12.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Fidel Castro kun la prezidento de Rusio <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vladimir_Putin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>, decembro 2000. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Ekde komenco, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastrisma_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastrisma revolucio">kastrisma revolucio</a> difinis sin kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internaciismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internaciismo">internaciisma</a>, membriĝante en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comecon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comecon">Comecon</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1972?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1972">1972</a>. Kubo estis grava kontribuanto de la militoj subtenataj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sovetunio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sovetunio">Sovetunio</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afriko">Afriko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centrameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrameriko">Centrameriko</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azio">Azio</a>. En Afriko, la plej granda milito estis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angolo">Angolo</a>, kien Kubo sendis dekmilojn da soldatoj. Kubo estis amiko de la etiopa gvidanto <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En Afriko, Kubo subtenis 17 maldekstremajn reĝimojn. En kelkaj landoj ĝi havis malsukcesojn, kiel ekzemple en oriento de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demokratia_Respubliko_Kongo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demokratia Respubliko Kongo">Demokratia Respubliko Kongo</a>, sed en aliaj Kubo havis signifan sukceson. Gravaj engaĝiĝoj okazis en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Al%C4%9Derio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alĝerio">Alĝerio</a>, Kongo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jemeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jemeno">Jemeno</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etiopio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiopio">Etiopio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gvineo_Bisa%C5%ADa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gvineo Bisaŭa">Gvineo Bisaŭa</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mozambiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mozambiko">Mozambiko</a><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La armea implikiĝo de la kuba registaro en Latinameriko, plejparte kun la celo senpotencigi la dekstremajn reĝimojn subtenitajn de Usono, el kiuj multaj estis diktatoraj, estis ampleksa. Unu el la plej fruaj intervenoj estis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marksismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marksismo">marksisma</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milico">milico</a> gvidita de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Che_Guevara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolivio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolivio">Bolivio</a> en 1967, kvankam la helpo financa kaj trupa estis malmulta. Pliaj etaj agoj konataj, inkluzivas la misiojn de 1959 al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dominika_Respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dominika Respubliko">Dominika Respubliko</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panamo">Panamo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En la unua, la kuba registaro disponigis armean asistadon al grupo de dominikaj ekzilitoj kun la intenco senpotencigi la diktatoron <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafael_Trujillo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafael Trujillo">Rafael Trujillo</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg/220px-ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="700"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg/220px-ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg/330px-ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg/440px-ALBA-Mitgliedstaaten.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kubo membras en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolivara_Alternativo_por_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolivara Alternativo por Ameriko">Bolivara Alternativo por Ameriko</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kvankam la ekspedicio malsukcesis kaj la plejmulto de ĝiaj membroj estis murditaj de la registaro, hodiaŭ ili estas agnoskataj kiel herooj kaj monumento estis starigita je ilia memoro en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sankta_Domingo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sankta Domingo">Sankta Domingo</a>. La Muzeo-Memorejo de Dominika Rezistado, kie la herooj de 1959 elstare rolas, estis konstruita de la dominika registaro.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandinisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandinisto">socialisma reĝimo</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nikaragvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nikaragvo">Nikaragvo</a> estis malkaŝe subtenita de Kubo kaj povas esti konsiderata ĝia plej granda sukceso en Latinameriko. Kubo estas membro-fondinto de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolivara_Alternativo_por_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolivara Alternativo por Ameriko">Bolivara Alternativo por Ameriko</a>. Pli ol 30 000 kubaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuracisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuracisto">kuracistoj</a> nuntempe laboras eksterlande, en landoj kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuelo">Venezuelo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zimbabvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zimbabvo">Zimbabvo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La membreco de Kubo en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsilio_de_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj_por_Homaj_Rajtoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsilio de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj por Homaj Rajtoj">Konsilio de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj por Homaj Rajtoj</a> alfrontis fortan kritikon <sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropa_Unio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropa Unio">Eŭropa Unio</a> en 2003 akuzis la kuban registaron je "daŭrigado de senkaŝa malobservo de homaj rajtoj kaj fundamentaj liberecoj".<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En 2008, la EU kaj Kubo jesis rekomenci plenajn rilatojn kaj kunlaboron.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usono daŭrigas la embargon kontraŭ Kubo "tiom longa kiom ĝi daŭre rifuzas la demokratiigon kaj pli grandan respekton por homaj rajtoj".<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La iama prezidento de Usono <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barack_Obama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> deklaris la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17-an_de_aprilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="17-an de aprilo">17-an de aprilo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2009?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2009">2009</a>, en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidado_kaj_Tobago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trinidado kaj Tobago">Trinidado kaj Tobago</a> ke "Usono serĉas novan komencon kun Kubo",<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> kaj nuligis la malpermeson de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/George_W._Bush?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="George W. Bush">Bush</a>-administracio pri vojaĝado kaj monsendaĵoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kub-usonano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kub-usonano">kub-usonanoj</a> al Kubo.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17-a_de_decembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17-a de decembro">17-an de decembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014">2014</a></span> Usono kaj Kubo anoncis, ke ili celas normaligon de la reciprokaj rilatoj; la tiama usona prezidento <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barack_Obama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> deklaris, ke li intencas nuligi la embargon kontraŭ Kubo. La deklaroj estis rezulto de plursemajna intertraktado, ĉe kiu peris interalie papo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisko_(papo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisko (papo)">Francisko</a>. La du landoj interkonsentis liberigi la prizonulon <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alan_Gross?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alan Gross">Alan Gross</a> kaj la tri ankoraŭ malliberajn el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kvin_kubanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kvin kubanoj">kvin kubanoj</a>. La posta usona administracio fare de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donald_Trump?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> bremsis la alproksimigon.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Loĝantaro"><span id="Lo.C4.9Dantaro"></span>Loĝantaro</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Loĝantaro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <table class="wikitable infobox plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em;"> <caption style="font-size: 115%;"> Oficiala Censo de Kubo 1899–2002<sup id="cite_ref-census_125-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-census-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Raso %</th> <th scope="col">1899</th> <th scope="col">1907</th> <th scope="col">1919</th> <th scope="col">1931</th> <th scope="col">1943</th> <th scope="col">1953</th> <th scope="col">1981</th> <th scope="col">2002</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blankulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blankulo">Blankuloj</a></th> <td>66.9</td> <td>69.7</td> <td>72.2</td> <td>72.1</td> <td>74.3</td> <td>72.8</td> <td>66.0</td> <td>65.05</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nigruloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigruloj">Nigruloj</a></th> <td>14.9</td> <td>13.4</td> <td>11.2</td> <td>11.0</td> <td>9.7</td> <td>12.4</td> <td>12.0</td> <td>10.08</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mestizoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mestizoj">Mestizoj</a></th> <td>17.2</td> <td>16.3</td> <td>16.0</td> <td>16.2</td> <td>15.6</td> <td>14.5</td> <td>21.9</td> <td>24.86</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azianoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azianoj">Azianoj</a></th> <td>1.0</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.6</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>0.4</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>?</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Enmigrado_al_Kubo">Enmigrado al Kubo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Enmigrado al Kubo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Inter <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1882?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1882">1882</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1898?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1898">1898</a>, entute 508 455 homoj forlasis Hispanion, kaj pli ol 750 000 hispanaj enmigrintoj forvojaĝis al Kubo inter 1899 kaj 1923, sed multaj revenis poste al Hispanio.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Nuna_demografio">Nuna demografio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Nuna demografio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG/220px-Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG/220px-Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG/330px-Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG/440px-Young_Boys_in_School_Uniform_-_Pinar_del_Rio_-_Cuba.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Knaboj en lernejaj uniformoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinar_del_R%C3%ADo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar del Río">Pinar del Río</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Escuela_Lenin(estudiantes).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG/220px-Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG/220px-Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG/330px-Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG/440px-Escuela_Lenin%28estudiantes%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kubaj lernantinoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lenin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lenin">Lenin</a>-lernejo (<i>Escuela Lenin</i>) </figcaption> </figure> <p>Laŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Censo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Censo">censo</a> de 2002, la loĝantaro de Kubo estis jena: 11 177 743, inkluzive de 5 597 233 viroj kaj 5 580 510 virinoj. Laŭ la censo estis raportitaj 7 271 926 blankuloj, 1 126 894 nigruloj kaj 2 778 923 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mulato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mulato">mulatoj</a> (aŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mestizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mestizo">mestizoj</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La loĝantaro de Kubo havas tre kompleksajn originojn kaj la geedziĝo inter diversaj devengrupoj estas preskaŭ ĝeneralaĵo. Ekzistas malkonsento pri la rasa statistiko kaj koncepto pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Raso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Raso">rasoj</a>. La Instituto por kubaj kaj kub-usonaj Studoj ĉe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitato_de_Miami?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitato de Miami">Universitato de Miami</a> diras ke 62% estas nigraj,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, dum statistiko de la kuba censo deklaras ke 65.05% el la loĝantaro estis blankaj en 2002. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Grupo_por_Rajtoj_de_Minoritatoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Grupo por Rajtoj de Minoritatoj">Internacia Grupo por Rajtoj de Minoritatoj</a> diras ke "objektiva analizo de la situacio de afrikdevenaj kubanoj estas problemiga pro la malabunda registrado kaj malmulte da periodaj esploroj antaŭ kaj post la Revolucio".<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taksoj pri la procento de homoj afrikdevenaj en la kuba loĝantaro varias grandege, ekde 33.9 procento ĝis 62 %. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cabildo_de_naci%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cabildo de nación">Cabildo de nación</a> aŭ <i>Cabildo africano</i> estis religia-kultura unio de la afrikdevena loĝantaro en Kubo.</p> <p>Enmigrado kaj elmigrado ludis gravan rolon en la demografia profilo de Kubo dum la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/20-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="20-a jarcento">20-a jarcento</a>. Dum la 18-a, 19-a, kaj la frua parto de la 20-a jarcento, grandaj ondoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanariaj_Insuloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanariaj Insuloj">kanarianoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katalunoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Katalunoj">katalunoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andaluzoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Andaluzoj">andaluzoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galegoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galegoj">galegoj</a>, kaj aliaj hispanoj migris al Kubo. Inter 1900 kaj 1930 ĉirkaŭ unu miliono da <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanoj">hispanoj</a> venis de Hispanio. Aliaj eksterlandaj enmigrintoj inkluzivas: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francoj">francojn</a><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugaloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugaloj">portugalojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italoj">italojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusoj">rusojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlandanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nederlandanoj">nederlandanojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grekoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grekoj">grekojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britoj">britojn</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irlandanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irlandanoj">irlandanojn</a>, kaj aliajn etnojn, inkluzive de kelkaj usonaj civitanoj, kies antaŭuloj loĝis ekde la komenco de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a>.</p> <p>Kubo havas konsiderindan kvanton da azidevenaj civitanoj kiuj konsistigas 1% de la loĝantaro. Ili estas ĉefe ĉindevenaj, sekvataj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipinanoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipinanoj">filipinanoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koreoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koreoj">koreoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vjetnamoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vjetnamoj">vjetnamoj</a>. Ili estas posteuloj de farmlaboristoj alportitaj al la insulo fare de hispanaj kaj usonaj entreprenistoj dum la 19-a kaj 20-a jarcento. Afrikdevenaj kubanoj devenas de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kongoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kongoj">kongoj</a>, samkiel de pluraj nordafrikaj rifuĝintoj, precipe la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Araboj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Araboj">araboj</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcidenta_Saharo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Okcidenta Saharo">Okcidenta Saharo</a> sub maroka okupacio ekde 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La naskfrekvenco en Kubo (po 9.88 naskiĝoj por mil loĝantoj en 2006) estas unu el la plej malaltaj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcidenta_hemisfero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcidenta hemisfero">okcidenta hemisfero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ĝia totala loĝantaro ade pliiĝis de proksimume 7 milionoj en 1961 ĝis pli ol 11 milionoj nuntempe, sed la pliiĝo ne plu daŭris en la lastaj jardekoj, kaj malkresko komenciĝis en 2006, kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fekundeco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fekundeco">fekundecindico</a> de 1.43 infanoj por virino<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Tiu falo de la fekundeco estas inter la plej grandaj en la okcidenta hemisfero.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kubo havas senrestriktan aliron al laŭleĝa <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aborto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aborto">aborto</a> kaj abortindico estas po 58.6 por 1000 gravedoj en 1996, kompare al mezumo de 35 en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karibio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karibio">Karibio</a>, 27 en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinameriko">Latinameriko</a> entute, kaj 48 en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/E%C5%ADropo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eŭropo">Eŭropo</a>. La uzado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontra%C5%ADkoncipilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontraŭkoncipilo">kontraŭkoncipiloj</a> estas taksita je 79% (nur triono el tio estas uzata en landoj de la okcidenta hemisfero)<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Religioj">Religioj</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Religioj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg/220px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg/220px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg/330px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg/440px-Havana_-_Cuba_-_0616.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Praktikantoj de "Santería" ludante ceremonion <i>Cajón de Muertos</i> en Havano en 2011. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Kubo estas oficiale <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laika_%C5%9Dtato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laika ŝtato">laika ŝtato</a>. Post longa asertado fare de la socialisma ŝtato, ke la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eklezio">eklezioj</a> estis fonto de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontra%C5%ADkomunismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontraŭkomunismo">kontraŭkomunisma</a> agado, la registaro ŝanĝis tion en 1992, modifante la konstitucion por alinomi la ideologion kaj sistemon de la lando de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateismo">ateismo</a> al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sekulareco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sekulareco">sekulareco</a>. Ĝi havas multajn kredojn kiuj estas reprezentataj en la vaste varia kulturo. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romkatolika_Eklezio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romkatolika Eklezio">Romkatolika Eklezio</a> estis la plej granda religio; ĝi estis alportita al la insulo de la hispanoj kaj ankoraŭ restas gravaj spuroj de la iama regado, kun 11 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diocezo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocezo">diocezoj</a>, 56 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mona%C4%A5a_ordeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaĥa ordeno">monaĥinordenoj</a>, 24 ordenoj de pastroj kaj 2 pastrolernejoj. En januaro 1998, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johano_Pa%C5%ADlo_la_2-a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johano Paŭlo la 2-a">Johano Paŭlo la 2-a</a> faris historian viziton al la insulo, invitita de la kuba registaro kaj de la Kuba Romkatolika Eklezio. La religia pejzaĝo de Kubo ankaŭ estas forte markita de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinkretismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinkretismo">sinkretismoj</a> diversspecaj. Katolikismo ofte estas praktikata kune kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santerio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santerio">Santerio</a>, miksaĵo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolikismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolikismo">katolikismo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikamerikaj_religioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrikamerikaj religioj">afrikaj kredoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiritismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiritismo">spiritismo</a>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgulino_de_la_Karitato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgulino de la Karitato">Virgulino de la Karitato</a> estas la katolika <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patroneco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patroneco">patronino</a> de Kubo, kaj simbolo de la kulturo de Kubo. En Santerio, ŝi estis miksita kun la diino <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O%C5%9Dun?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oŝun">Oŝun</a>.</p> <p>Tricent mil kubanoj apartenas al 54 registritaj evangeliaj eklezioj. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentekosta_Kristanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentekosta Kristanismo">Pentekostismo</a> kreskis rapide en la lastaj jaroj, kaj nur la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asembleoj_de_Dio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asembleoj de Dio">Asembleoj de Dio</a> kalkulis je pli ol 100 000 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adepto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adepto">adeptoj</a>. Kubo havas malgrandajn komunumojn de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ortodoksismo">ortodoksaj</a> grekoj kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rusoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rusoj">rusoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judoj">judoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamo_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islamo en Kubo">islamanoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahaa_Kredo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahaa Kredo">bahaanoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La plejmulto de kubaj judoj estas posteuloj de polaj kaj rusaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C5%9Dkenazoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aŝkenazoj">aŝkenazoj</a> kiuj fuĝis de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pogromo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pogromo">pogromoj</a> en la komenco de la 20-a jarcento. Ampleksa nombro de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sefardoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sefardoj">sefardoj</a> ekzistas en Kubo; ili venis ĉefe el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turkio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turkio">Turkio</a>. Plejparte ili loĝas en la provincoj, kvankam ili bontenas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinagogo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinagogo">sinagogon</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a>. Kvankam la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atestantoj_de_Jehovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atestantoj de Jehovo">Atestantoj de Jehovo</a> ne estas oficiale agnoskataj, ili estas tolerataj post jaroj da <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persekuto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persekuto">persekutado</a> kaj nuntempe havas ĉirkaŭ 100 000 kredantojn en la insulo.</p> <p>Grandan rolon ludas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrik-amerikaj_kredoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrik-amerikaj kredoj">afrik-amerikaj kredoj</a>: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santerio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santerio">santerio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuduo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuduo">vuduo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palo_monte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo monte">palo monte</a>. Elementoj de santerio saturigas la ĉiutagan vivon de la kubanoj forme de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supersti%C4%89o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Superstiĉo">superstiĉoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ornama%C4%B5o_(arto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornamaĵo (arto)">ornamaĵoj</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Braceleto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Braceleto">braceletoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kol%C4%89eno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolĉeno">kolĉenoj</a>), ktp<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kuba_migrado">Kuba migrado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Kuba migrado" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable infobox plainrowheaders" style="margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em;"> <caption style="font-size: 115%;"> Migrado de Kubo al Usono.<i></i> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Jaro de <br> Elmigrado</th> <th scope="col">Blankuloj</th> <th scope="col">Nigruloj</th> <th scope="col">Aliaj</th> <th scope="col">Azianoj</th> <th scope="col">Nombro</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1959–64</th> <td>93.3</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>5.3</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>144,732</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1965–74</th> <td>87.7</td> <td>2.0</td> <td>9.1</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>247,726</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1975–79</th> <td>82.6</td> <td>4.0</td> <td>13.3</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>29,508</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1980</th> <td>80.9</td> <td>5.3</td> <td>13.7</td> <td>0.1</td> <td>94,095</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1981–89</th> <td>85.7</td> <td>3.1</td> <td>10.9</td> <td>0.3</td> <td>77,835</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1990–93</th> <td>84.7</td> <td>3.2</td> <td>11.9</td> <td>0.2</td> <td>60,244</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1994–2000</th> <td>85.8</td> <td>3.7</td> <td>10.4</td> <td>0.7</td> <td>174,437</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Totalo</th> <td>87.2</td> <td>2.9</td> <td>10.7</td> <td>0.2</td> <td><b>828,577</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>En la lasta duon-jarcento, pluraj centmiloj da kubanoj el ĉiuj sociaj klasoj migris al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usono">Usono</a> (vidu <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_usonano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba usonano">kuba usonano</a>), <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispanio">Hispanio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italio">Italio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britio">Britio</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanado">Kanado</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meksiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a>, kaj aliaj landoj<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/9-an_de_septembro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="9-an de septembro">9-an de septembro</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a>, la registaroj de Usono kaj Kubo konsentis ke Usono donos almenaŭ 20 000 <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vizo">vizojn</a> ĉiujare en interŝanĝo de la promeso de Kubo malhelpi kontraŭleĝajn forirojn per boatoj.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lingvoj">Lingvoj</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Lingvoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oficiala_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oficiala lingvo">oficiala lingvo</a> de Kubo estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispana">hispana</a> kaj ĉiuj civitanoj parolas ĝin. La hispana parolata en Kubo estas konata kiel kub-hispana kaj estas formo de la kariba hispana. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lukumia_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lukumia lingvo">lukumia</a>, ia <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dialekto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dialekto">dialekteca</a> lingvaĵo deriva el la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Okcidentafriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Okcidentafriko">okcidentafrika</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joruba_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joruba lingvo">joruba lingvo</a>, estas uzata kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liturgia_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liturgia lingvo">liturgia lingvo</a> de la sekvantoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santerio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santerio">Santerio</a><sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, kaj tiel nur kiel ia speco de porokaza <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dua_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dua lingvo">dua lingvo</a><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Haitia_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitia lingvo">haitia lingvo</a> estas la dua plej granda lingvo en Kubo, estas parolata de haitiaj enmigrintoj kaj multaj el iliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Posteulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Posteulo">posteuloj</a> ankoraŭ ĝin scipovas uzi<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aliaj lingvoj parolataj de enmigrintoj inkluzivas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kataluna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kataluna">katalunan</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korsika_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korsika lingvo">korsikan</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galega">galegan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eduko">Eduko</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eduko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg/280px-Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 280px;height: 210px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg/280px-Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg" data-width="280" data-height="210" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg/420px-Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg/560px-Universit%C3%A0_de_La_Habana.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havana_Universitato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Havana Universitato">Havana Universitato</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havana_Universitato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Havana Universitato">Havana Universitato</a> estis fondita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1728?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1728">1728</a> kaj ekzistas pluraj aliaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politekniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Politekniko">politeknikoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kolegio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kolegio">kolegioj</a> kaj provincaj aŭ fakaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universitato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universitato">universitatoj</a>. En 1957, antaŭ la regado de Castro, la procento de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeteco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabeteco">alfabeteco</a> estis la kvara en la regiono kun preskaŭ 80% laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝintaj Nacioj">Unuiĝintaj Nacioj</a>, pli alta ol en Hispanio<sup id="cite_ref-asce_50-1" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-asce-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Castro kreis ŝtatan sistemon kaj malpermesis la privatajn kaj religiajn instituciojn. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lerno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lerno">Lernado</a> estas deviga ekde 5-jariĝo ĝis la fino de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mezlernejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mezlernejo">mezlernejo</a> (kutime 15-jariĝo), kaj ĉiuj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Studento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Studento">studentoj</a>, nekonsiderante aĝon aŭ sekson, surhavas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lerneja_uniformo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lerneja uniformo">lernejajn uniformojn</a> kun la koloroj kiuj distingas la gradon. Baza instruado daŭras dum ses jaroj, meza eduko estas dividita en du partojn: baza kaj antaŭuniversitata edukado.<sup id="cite_ref-siteresources.worldbank.org_147-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-siteresources.worldbank.org-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Supera_eduko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Supera eduko">Supera edukado</a> estas disponigata de universitatoj, institutoj, pedagogiaj universitatoj, kaj politeknikoj. La Kuba Ministerio de Supera Edukado funkciigas programon por <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dedistanca_edukado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dedistanca edukado">distanca lernado</a> kiu disponigas regulajn posttagmezajn kaj vesperajn kursojn en kamparaj areoj por agrikulturaj laboristoj. Edukado havas fortan politikan kaj ideologian emfazon. Kubo ankaŭ disdonas subvenciojn al limigita nombro de eksterlandanoj en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinamerika_Lernejo_de_Medicino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinamerika Lernejo de Medicino">Latinamerika Lernejo de Medicino</a>. La retaliro estas limigita. La vendo de komputilaj ekipaĵoj estas strikte kontrolata.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sano">Sano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Sano" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg/220px-Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1022" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg/220px-Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg/330px-Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg/440px-Hermanos_Ameijeiras.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Hospitalo <i>Hermanos Ameijeiras</i> en Centrohabana. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Historie, Kubo estis bone konsiderita pro la kvalito de la medicina personaro kaj pro la signifaj kontribuoj al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monda_sano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monda sano">mondosano</a> ekde la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a>. Hodiaŭ, Kubo havas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universala_sanzorgado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universala sanzorgado">universalan sanservon</a> kaj malgraŭ la malsufiĉo de medicinaj provizoj, ekzistas neniu manko de medicina personaro. La sansistmemo ne estas laŭlitere senpaga, ĉar ĝi estas financata per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imposto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imposto">impostoj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whiteford_148-0" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-whiteford-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primara_prizorgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primara prizorgo">Primaraj prizorgoj</a> estas disponeblaj ĝenerale en la insulo kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infana_mortindico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infana mortindico">beb</a>- kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrina_mortindico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrina mortindico">patrin</a>-<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mortoprocenta%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortoprocentaĵo">mortoprocentaĵoj</a> kompareblas kun tiuj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evoluintaj_landoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Evoluintaj landoj">evoluintaj landoj</a>.</p> <p>Post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastrisma_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastrisma revolucio">kastrisma revolucio</a>, komence la lando travivis plimalboniĝon de malsanoj kaj bebmorta ofteco en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1960-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1960-aj jaroj">1960-aj jaroj</a> kiam ĉirkaŭ 6 000 kuracistoj forlasis la landon.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normaliĝo okazis en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1980-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1980-aj jaroj">1980-aj jaroj</a>. La komunisma registaro asertis, ke la universala sanservo iĝis prioritato de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Ctatoplanado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝtatoplanado">ŝtatoplanado</a> kaj progreso estis farita en kamparaj areoj<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kiel la cetero de la kuba ekonomio, la kuba medicina prizorgo suferis severajn mankojn post la fino de sovetiaj subvencioj en 1991, kaj la akriĝo de la usona embargo en 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Defioj inkluzivas malaltan salajron de kuracistoj (nur 15 dolaroj monate)<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, malbonajn instalaĵojn, malbonan staton de la ekipaĵoj, kaj oftan foreston de bazaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medikamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Medikamento">medikamentoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Kubo havas la plej altan proporcion de kuracistoj por loĝantoj en la mondo kaj danke al tio sendis milojn da kuracistoj al pli ol 40 landoj.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Laŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unuiĝintaj Nacioj">Unuiĝintaj Nacioj</a>, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vivda%C5%ADro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vivdaŭro">vivdaŭro</a> en Kubo estas 78.3 jaroj (76.2 por viroj kaj 80.4 por inoj). Laŭ tiu indico, Kubo troviĝas en la 37-a loko en la mondo kaj en la tria en Ameriko, malantaŭ nur Kanado kaj Ĉilio, kaj tuj antaŭ Usono.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Infana_mortindico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Infana mortindico">Infanmorto</a> en Kubo malkreskis de po 32 bebmortoj por 1 000 vivaj naskiĝoj en 1957, ĝis 10 en 1990-1995. Infanmorto en 2000-2005 estis de po 6.1 por 1 000 vivaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasko">naskiĝoj</a> (kompare kun 6.8 en Usono).</p> <p>La kvalito de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Publika_kuracado&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Publika kuracado (paĝo ne ekzistas)">publika kuracado</a> ofertita al la civitanoj estas konsiderata kiel la "plej granda venko" de la socialisma sistemo de Kubo.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Kulturo">Kulturo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Kulturo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8860200"> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikoloj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kulturo_de_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kulturo de Kubo">Kulturo de Kubo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sporto_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sporto en Kubo">Sporto en Kubo</a>. </div> <p>La kulturo de Kubo estas influita de diversaj kulturoj kiuj kuniĝis en la insulo, sed precipe de la hispana kaj la afrika. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sporto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sporto">Sporto</a> estas la nacia pasio de Kubo. Pro historiaj ligoj kun Usono, multaj kubanoj ludas sportojn kiuj estas popularaj en Nordameriko, multe pli ol la sportojn tradicie furoraj en aliaj hispanlingvaj nacioj. La plej populara estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basbalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basbalo">basbalo</a>. Aliaj sportoj kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Catokupo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝatokupo">ŝatokupoj</a> inkluzivas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korbopilko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korbopilko">korbopilkon</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Flugpilko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Flugpilko">flugpilkon</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C5%9Cako?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ŝako">ŝakon</a>, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atletismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atletismo">atletismon</a>. Kubo estas reganta forto en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amatoro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amatoro">amatora</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boksado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boksado">boksado</a>, konstante atingante altajn <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medalo">medalojn</a> en gravaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Internacia_konkurado_(sporto)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Internacia konkurado (sporto) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">internaciaj konkuradoj</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Muziko">Muziko</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Muziko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg/250px-Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg/250px-Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg/375px-Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg/500px-Casa_de_la_Trova_Santiago_Cuba.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Loka muzikcentro, Domo de la Trobadoroj en Santiago de Kubo </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8860200"> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikoloj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_muziko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba muziko">Kuba muziko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_popola_muziko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba popola muziko">Kuba popola muziko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikokuba_%C4%B5azo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrikokuba ĵazo">Afrikokuba ĵazo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muzikscienco_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muzikscienco en Kubo">Muzikscienco en Kubo</a>. </div> <p>Kuba muziko estas riĉega kaj temas pri la plej vaste konata formo de la kuba kulturo. La centra formo de tiu muziko estas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_sono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba sono">kuba sono</a>, kiu estis la bazo de multaj aliaj muzikaj stiloj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salso">salso</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumbo">rumbo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mambo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mambo">mambo</a> kaj derivaĵo de la rumbo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88a%C4%89ao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉaĉao">ĉaĉao</a>. Rumbomuziko originis de la frua afrik-kuba kulturo. Ankaŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Treso">treso</a> estis inventita en Kubo, sed aliaj tradiciaj kubaj instrumentoj havas afrikan aŭ tainan originojn, kiel ekzemple la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marako?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marako">marakoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guiro">guiro</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marimbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marimbo">marimbo</a> kaj diversaj lignaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamburo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamburo">tamburoj</a> inkluzive de "maiohuakano". Popularaj ĉiastilaj muzikaĵoj el Kubo estas ĝuataj kaj laŭdataj vaste tra la mondo. Kuba klasika muziko, kiu inkluzivas muzikon kun fortaj afrikaj kaj eŭropaj influoj, kaj ecoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simfonio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simfonio">simfoniaj</a> verkoj same kiel muziko por solistoj, ricevis internacian agnoskon danke al komponistoj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernesto_Lecuona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernesto Lecuona">Ernesto Lecuona</a>. Havano estis la koro de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Repo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Repo">repo</a> en Kubo kiam tiu stilo ekestis en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990-aj_jaroj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990-aj jaroj">1990-aj jaroj</a>. Dum tiu tempo, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regetono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regetono">regetono</a> iĝis tre populara.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kuirarto">Kuirarto</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Kuirarto" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Cubanfood.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cubanfood.jpg/250px-Cubanfood.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cubanfood.jpg/250px-Cubanfood.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cubanfood.jpg/375px-Cubanfood.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cubanfood.jpg/500px-Cubanfood.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Tradicia kuba manĝaĵo kun viando, flava rizo, nigraj fazeoloj, banano, tomatoj kaj fritita jukao </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8860200"> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_kuirarto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba kuirarto">Kuba kuirarto</a>. </div> <p>Kuba kuirarto estas kunfandaĵo de la hispana kaj karibaj kuirartoj. Kubaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Recepto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Recepto">receptoj</a> kundividas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spico?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spico">spicojn</a> kaj teknikojn kun la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_kuirarto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana kuirarto">hispana kuirarto</a>, kun ia kariba influo en spicoj kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gusto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gusto">gustoj</a>. La reguligado de manĝaĵoj flanke de la ŝtato, kiu estis la normo en Kubo por la lastaj kvar jardekoj, limigis la kuireblon de tiuj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plado">pladoj</a><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La tradiciaj pladoj dum manĝoj ne estas servitaj unu post alia; ĉiuj manĝaĵoj estas servitaj en la sama tempo kaj kelkfoje oni manĝas eĉ fruktojn kun la cetero (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banano">bananoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mango?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Mango">mango</a>). La tipa manĝo povas konsisti el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fritado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fritado">frititaj</a> aŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolado">boligitaj</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Platano">platanoj</a>, nigraj aŭ ruĝaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fazeolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fazeolo">fazeoloj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rizo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rizo">rizo</a>, <i>malnova-vesto</i> (sekigita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bova%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bovaĵo">bovaĵo</a> kuirita kun spicoj), <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porka%C4%B5o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porkaĵo">porkaĵo</a> kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cepo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cepo">cepo</a>, kaj tropikaj fruktoj. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rizo_kaj_fazeoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rizo kaj fazeoloj">Rizo kaj fazeoloj</a> ankaŭ estas ĉiutaga manĝaĵo kaj la alia varianto de rizoj kaj fazeoloj kuiritaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kaldrono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kaldrono">samkaldrone</a> konataj kiel <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kongrio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kongrio">maŭroj kaj kristanoj</a></i>, estas manĝata en specialaj okazoj. Ankaŭ frititaj plantaĵoj estas ŝatata manĝaĵo de la kubanoj. Multaj el la viandaĵoj estas kuiritaj malrapide kun leĝeraj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C5%ADco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saŭco">saŭcoj</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ajlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ajlo">Ajlo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kumino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kumino">kumino</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Origano">origano</a> estas la precipaj spicoj uzataj. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salato">Salatoj</a> kutime konsistas el <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tomato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomato">tomato</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brasiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasiko">brasiko</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laktuko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laktuko">laktuko</a> aŭ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avokado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avokado">avokado</a> kun <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oleo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oleo">oleo</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salo">salo</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vinagro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vinagro">vinagro</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Literaturo">Literaturo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Literaturo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Guill%C3%A9n.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/thumb/d/d8/Guill%C3%A9n.jpg/250px-Guill%C3%A9n.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="585"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/thumb/d/d8/Guill%C3%A9n.jpg/250px-Guill%C3%A9n.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/thumb/d/d8/Guill%C3%A9n.jpg/375px-Guill%C3%A9n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/eo/d/d8/Guill%C3%A9n.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Guillén estas prezentita en 1982. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kuba_literaturo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kuba literaturo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">kuba literaturo</a> komencis trovi sian vojon en la frua komenco de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/19-a_jarcento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="19-a jarcento">19-a jarcento</a>. Temoj rilate al la sendependeco kaj libereco estis ekzempligitaj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Martí">José Martí</a>, kiu gvidis la modernisman movadon de la kuba literaturo. La verkoj de Martí estis arigitaj en 28 volumoj kaj ili troviĝas en ĉiuj bibliotekoj kaj gravaj institucioj. Verkistoj kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_Guill%C3%A9n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolás Guillén">Nicolás Guillén</a> uzis la literaturon kiel formon de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Socia_protesto&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Socia protesto (paĝo ne ekzistas)">socia protesto</a>. La poezio kaj romanoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dulce_Mar%C3%ADa_Loynaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dulce María Loynaz">Dulce María Loynaz</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Lezama_Lima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Lezama Lima">José Lezama Lima</a> estis ege influaj. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miguel_Barnet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miguel Barnet">Miguel Barnet</a> estas antropologo kiu verkis pri la socian rolon de la fuĝintaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekssklavo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ekssklavo">eks-sklavoj.</a> Verkistoj kiel ekzemple <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reinaldo_Arenas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reinaldo Arenas">Reinaldo Arenas</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillermo_Cabrera_Infante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillermo Cabrera Infante">Guillermo Cabrera Infante</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alejo_Carpentier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alejo Carpentier">Alejo Carpentier</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dulce_Mar%C3%ADa_Loynaz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dulce María Loynaz">Dulce María Loynaz</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reinaldo_Arenas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reinaldo Arenas">Reinaldo Arenas</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heberto_Padilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heberto Padilla">Heberto Padilla</a> kaj pli postaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Da%C3%ADna_Chaviano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daína Chaviano">Daína Chaviano</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedro_Juan_Guti%C3%A9rrez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pedro Juan Gutiérrez">Pedro Juan Gutiérrez</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_Vald%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoé Valdés">Zoé Valdés</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guillermo_Rosales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guillermo Rosales">Guillermo Rosales</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_Padura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo Padura">Leonardo Padura</a> gajnis internacian rekonon en la post-revolucia epoko, kvankam multaj el tiuj verkistoj sentis sin devigitaj daŭrigi sian laboron en la ekzilo pro ideologia regado super la amaskomunikiloj fare de la kubaj aŭtoritatoj.</p> <p>La unua literatura verko farita en Kubo estas "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espejo_de_Paciencia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espejo de Paciencia">Espejo de Paciencia</a>" (Pacienca Spegulo), poemo verkita en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1608?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1608">1608</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silvestre_de_Balboa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silvestre de Balboa">Silvestre de Balboa</a>, skribisto de la urbo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camag%C3%BCey_(urbo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Camagüey (urbo)">Camagüey</a>. La poemo priskribas atakon de piratoj en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manzanillo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Manzanillo">Manzanillo</a>, en la oriento de Kubo, kapton de pastro kaj postan liberigon fare de kuraĝa nigrulo. Tamen, pli gravas la duvoluma <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romano">romano</a> "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecilia_Vald%C3%A9s_(romano)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cecilia Valdés (romano)">Cecilia Valdés</a>" aŭ "Monteto de la Anĝelo", verkita en la 19-a jarcento de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirilo_Villaverde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirilo Villaverde">Cirilo Villaverde</a>. Tiu ĉi romano estas konsiderata kiel unu el la verkoj kiuj montras la kubanecon kaj krom tio ĝi estas la unua kuba romano. De tiu epoko estas la verkoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gertrudis_G%C3%B3mez_de_Avellaneda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda">Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda</a>.</p> <p>Pluraj elstaraj verkistoj ricevis titolon "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_poeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia poeto">Nacia Poeto</a>". En la revolucia epoko, tia poeto estas Nicolás Guillén, tre proksima al la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kastrisma_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kastrisma revolucio">kastrisma revolucio</a>. <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_isla_de_los_amores_infinitos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La isla de los amores infinitos">La isla de los amores infinitos</a></i> (La insulo de la senfinaj amoj) estas romano de la kuba verkistino <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Da%C3%ADna_Chaviano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daína Chaviano">Daína Chaviano</a>, kiu temas pri la kunfandiĝo de la tri etnoj, kiuj konsistigas la kuban nacion: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_koloniado_de_Ameriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana koloniado de Ameriko">hispanoj</a>, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sklavkomerco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sklavkomerco">afrikanoj</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C4%88inoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉinoj">ĉinoj</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kino">Kino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Kino" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang%3Deo%26wpDestFile%3DCuba.Habana.Malecon.01.jpg" class="new" title="Dosiero:Cuba.Habana.Malecon.01.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media" data-width="300">Dosiero:Cuba.Habana.Malecon.01.jpg</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Havano">Havano</a>, sidejo ekde <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979">1979</a> de unu el la ĉefaj latinamerikaj kinfestivaloj. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_Instituto_de_Kinaj_Arto_kaj_Industrio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba Instituto de Kinaj Arto kaj Industrio">Kuba Instituto de Kinaj Arto kaj Industrio</a> (hispane <i>Instituto Cubano de Arte e Industria Cinematográficos</i>, mallongigo ICAIC) estis kreata la 24-an de marto 1959, do mallonge post la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_revolucio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba revolucio">kuba revolucio</a>, per la unua kulturleĝo de la nova registaro.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internacia_Filmfestivalo_en_Havano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internacia Filmfestivalo en Havano">Internacia Festivalo de la Nova Latinamerika Kino en Havano</a>,<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hispana_lingvo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hispana lingvo">hispane</a> <i><span class="lang-es" lang="es">Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano de La Habana</span></i>, celas servi kiel platformo al tiuj filmproduktaĵoj kiuj suferas la internacian anonimecon (ĉefe pro la granda kaj hegemonia pozicio kaj industria produktado de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holivudo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holivudo">Holivudo</a>). Ĝi estas unu el la plej gravaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kinfestivalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kinfestivalo">kinfestivaloj</a> pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Latinamerika_kino&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Latinamerika kino (paĝo ne ekzistas)">latinamerika kino</a>. Kvankam ĝi ĉefe temas pri latinamerikaj filmoj, en la festivalo partoprenas ankaŭ filmoj el la tuta mondo.</p> <p><i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecilia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cecilia">Cecilia</a></i> estas kuba kinofilmo, kiun en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1981?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1981">1981</a> produktis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Humberto_Sol%C3%A1s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Humberto Solás (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Humberto Solás</a>. Modelo estas la romano „<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cecilia_Vald%C3%A9s_(romano)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cecilia Valdés (romano)">Cecilia Valdés</a> o La Loma del Ángel“ de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirilo_Villaverde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirilo Villaverde">Cirilo Villaverde</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Komunikiloj">Komunikiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Komunikiloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg/220px-Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1077" data-file-height="814"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg/220px-Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg/330px-Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg/440px-Radio_Habana_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Emblemo de <i>Radio Habana Cuba</i>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Unu el la ĉefaj decidoj de la socialisma revolucia registaro estis ŝtatigi la amaskomunikilojn kiuj de tiam apartenas al la ŝtato laŭ la konstitucio de 1976, ĉap.6, art. 52 (konfirmita en 1992). Konsekvence la Komunista Partio de Kubo posedas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monopolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monopolo">monopolon</a> pri <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Informo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Informo">informado</a>. La centra organo de la partio estas la ĉiutaga ĵurnalo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granma_(%C4%B5urnalo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granma (ĵurnalo)">Granma</a>. Ekzistas pluraj naciaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gazeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gazeto">gazetoj</a> de la laboristoj, junularo kaj tiuj provincaj. Ankaŭ la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nacia_televido&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nacia televido (paĝo ne ekzistas)">nacia televido</a> kun kvin tutlandaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Televidkanalo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Televidkanalo">kanaloj</a>, el kiuj du estas edukaj, ofertas plurajn edukajn kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Didaktiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Didaktiko">didaktikajn</a> programojn. Oni povas spekti ankaŭ la hispanlingvan version de la rusia televidkanalo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/RT_en_Espa%C3%B1ol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="RT en Español">RT en Español</a>. Kutime pluraj gazetoj kaj agentejoj el eksterlando, raportas preskaŭ senescepte kritike kaj pri apartaj temoj je politika intereso pri Kubo kaj ties registaro. Agentejoj kiel <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CNN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CNN">CNN</a> kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC">BBC</a> havas konstantajn raportistojn en Havano. Inter radioj menciindas <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_Rebelde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio Rebelde">Radio Rebelde</a> (Ribela Radio), fondita de Ernesto Che Guevara, kaj <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_Havano_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio Havano Kubo">Radio Havano Kubo</a>.</p> <p>La posedo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satelita_televido?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satelita televido">satelitaj antenoj</a> estas strikte malpermesita. Ĉiuj institucioj, interalie sciencaj, medicinaj kaj edukaj, kaj ankaŭ la komputilejoj de ĉiuj urbaj distriktoj havas aliron al la kuba <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Intrareto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intrareto">intra-reto</a>.</p> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Februaro_2007?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Februaro 2007">februaro 2007</a> Kubo publikigis la tiel nomatan beta-version de la propra <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ser%C4%89ilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serĉilo">serĉilo</a> "2x3". Konsulteblas 150 000 oficialaj paĝoj, sciencaj, kulturaj, politikaj, ekzemple tiuj de la ŝtata gazetaro (kaj interalie la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parolado?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parolado">paroladoj</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fidel_Castro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fidel Castro">Fidel Castro</a>). Estas planita la anstataŭigo de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vindozo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindozo">Vindozo</a> per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linukso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Linukso">Linukso</a> kaj submara ligo inter <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuelo">Venezuelo</a> kaj Kubo per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vitrofibro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vitrofibro">vitro-fibra kablo</a> estis jam farita.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Esperanto-movado">Esperanto-movado</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Esperanto-movado" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8860200"> <div class="cxefartikolo" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 2px; text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="58" data-file-height="57"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 12px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/12px-Loupe.svg.png" data-width="12" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/18px-Loupe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Loupe.svg/24px-Loupe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> Pli detalaj informoj troveblas en artikolo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto-movado_en_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto-movado en Kubo">Esperanto-movado en Kubo</a>. </div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg/250px-Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="1215"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg/250px-Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg/375px-Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg/500px-Zamenhofa_Metiejo_2004.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Partoprenintoj de la Zamenhofa Metiejo 2004 en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baracoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baracoa">Baracoa</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La unuaj spuroj de Esperanto en Kubo venas de la komenco de la 20a jarcento. Inter la plej gravaj pioniroj estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fernando_Ortiz_Fern%C3%A1ndez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fernando Ortiz Fernández">Fernando Ortiz Fernández</a>, kuba <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnologo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Etnologo">etnologo</a> konata kiel "Dua malkovrinto de Kubo". Dum la Respubliko, kelkaj asocioj estis fonditaj kaj revuoj estis publikigitaj, multaj el ili mallongdaŭraj; la ĉefa aktiveco estis farita de izolitaj esperantistoj en diversaj partoj de la lando.</p> <p>La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/16-an_de_junio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="16-an de junio">16-an de junio</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1979?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1979">1979</a> estis oficiale fondita <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuba_Esperanto-Asocio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuba Esperanto-Asocio">Kuba Esperanto-Asocio</a>, aliĝinta al <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universala_Esperanto-Asocio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Universala Esperanto-Asocio">Universala Esperanto-Asocio</a> ekde <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1983?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1983">1983</a>.</p> <p>La kunordigita laborado de KEA kaj ŝtataj instancoj permesis gravajn atingojn, kiel la eldonado de kelkaj libroj fare de la Eldonejo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Martí">José Martí</a> de Publikaĵoj en Fremdaj Lingvoj. Inter ili estis (jam elĉerpitaj) <i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=La_historio_absolvos_min&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="La historio absolvos min (paĝo ne ekzistas)">La historio absolvos min</a></i>, de Fidel Castro; Kuba Ŝtata Organizo, de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Domingo_Garc%C3%ADa_C%C3%A1rdenas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Domingo García Cárdenas (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Domingo García Cárdenas</a>, kaj pluraj rakontoj de "<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=La_Ora%C4%9Do&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="La Oraĝo (paĝo ne ekzistas)">La Oraĝo</a>", de José Martí.</p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dosiero:Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_(%C4%89e_ZEO).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg/250px-Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1013"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 186px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg/250px-Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg/375px-Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg/500px-Promenado_dum_la_E-kongreso_Havano_marto_2005_%28%C4%89e_ZEO%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Kubaj esperantistoj antaŭ la memortabulo al Zamenhof en Havano dum la 5-a nacia kongreso en 2005. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Aliaj atingoj de KEA estas la esperantlingva ĉiusemajna elsendo ĉe <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Radio_Havano_Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Radio Havano Kubo">Radio Havano Kubo</a> ekde la 11-a de septembro 1988; la okazigo de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Iberamerika_Konferenco_Esperanto&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Iberamerika Konferenco Esperanto (paĝo ne ekzistas)">Iberamerika Konferenco Esperanto</a>'88, la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UK_1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UK 1990">75a UK</a> en Havano (1990) kaj la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UK_2010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UK 2010">95a UK</a> denove en Havano (2010), dudek jarojn poste.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IJK_1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IJK 1990">46a IJK</a> en <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Playa_Gir%C3%B3n?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Playa Girón">Playa Girón</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990">1990</a>); pluraj kulturfestivaloj, seminarioj pri scienco kaj tekniko, instruistaj trejnadoj, kaj aliaj.</p> <p>KEA organizas regulajn kursojn en pluraj provincoj kaj malĉeeste. En la nacia sidejo ĝi okazigas seminariojn, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateliero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateliero">atelierojn</a> kaj konferencojn. En 2004, KEA organizis la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tut-Amerika_Kongreso_de_Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tut-Amerika Kongreso de Esperanto">6-an Tut-Amerikan Kongreson de Esperanto</a><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>En <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015">2015</a>, KEA celebris la 6-an Nacian Kongreson en Havano. Kvankam la kongresoj ne estas oftaj, diversaj lokaj aranĝoj tra la lando, okazas dum la jaro, al kiuj venas esperantistoj de la tuta insulo, kaj foje el eksterlande. Tradicia estas la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zamenhofa_Metiejo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zamenhofa Metiejo">Zamenhofa Metiejo</a> organizata de la esperantistoj de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guant%C3%A1namo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guantánamo">Guantánamo</a> okaze de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zamenhofa_Tago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zamenhofa Tago">Zamenhof-tago</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vidu_ankaŭ"><span id="Vidu_anka.C5.AD"></span>Vidu ankaŭ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Vidu ankaŭ" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li><i><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_isla_de_los_amores_infinitos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="La isla de los amores infinitos">La isla de los amores infinitos</a>,</i> literatura verko kiu temas pri la kunfandiĝo de pluretna socio de enmigrantoj al unuiĝinta nacio.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referencoj">Referencoj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Referencoj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <div class="reflist references-small" style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; padding-right: 6px;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hugh_Thomas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hugh Thomas">Thomas, Hugh</a>. (March 1971) <i>Cuba; the Pursuit of Freedom</i>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0060142596?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0060142596</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Thomas-1997">Thomas, Hugh. (1997) <i>The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870</i>. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0684835657?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0684835657</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/20120524192217/http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical%2BResources/Archives/Reference%2BDesk/Speeches/JFK/JFK%2BPre-Pres/1960/002PREPRES12SPEECHES_60OCT06b.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jfklibrary.org/Historical%2BResources/Archives/Reference%2BDesk/Speeches/JFK/JFK%2BPre-Pres/1960/002PREPRES12SPEECHES_60OCT06b.htm">la originalo</a> je 2012-05-24. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-horowitz-4">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-horowitz_4-0"><sup>4,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-horowitz_4-1"><sup>4,1</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-horowitz_4-2"><sup>4,2</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-horowitz_4-3"><sup>4,3</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-horowitz_4-4"><sup>4,4</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Horowitz-1988"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irving_Louis_Horowitz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irving Louis Horowitz">Horowitz, Irving Louis</a>. (1988) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D%25C4%25A52_y7Vu-PUC%26pg%3DPA463">Cuban communism</a></i>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0887386725?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0887386725</a>.</cite> <span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_1173-5">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Thomas_1173_5-0"><sup>5,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Thomas_1173_5-1"><sup>5,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Thomas, Hugh. (Marto 1971) <i>Cuba; the Pursuit of Freedom</i>. New York: Harper & Row. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0060142596?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0060142596</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_ES_Complete.pdf">Informo pri homa disvolviĝo, 2009</a>, paĝo 157.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WWF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="WWF">WWF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://assets.panda.org/downloads/living_planet_report.pdf"><b>Living Planet Report 2006</b></a>, paĝo 21.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210152814/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html">la originalo</a> je 2016-02-10. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152701/http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid%3D656%26crid%3D192">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid%3D656%26crid%3D192">la originalo</a> je 2012-01-21. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207062332/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html">la originalo</a> je 2018-02-07. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Alfred Carrada, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.alfredcarrada.org/notes8.html">The Dictionary of the Taino Language (plate 8)</a></i></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Augusto Mascarenhas Barreto: O Português. Cristóvão Colombo Agente Secreto do Rei Dom João II. Ed. Referendo, Lisbono 1988. En angla: The Portuguese Columbus: secret agent of King John II, Palgrave Macmillan, <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0333563158?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-333-56315-8</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">da Silva, Manuel L. kaj Silvia Jorge da Silva. (2008). <i>Christopher Columbus was Portuguese</i>, Express Printing, Fall River, MA. 396pp. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781607028246?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-60702-824-6</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430163856/http://members.dandy.net/~orocobix/terms1.htm">Dictionary — Taino indigenous peoples of the Caribbean Dictionary</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://members.dandy.net/~orocobix/terms1.htm">la originalo</a> je 2008-04-30. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Ramón Dacal Moure, Manuel Rivero de la Calle. (1996) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DPEE9oipDYksC%26pg%3DPA22">Art and archaeology of pre-Columbian Cuba</a></i>. University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/082293955X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 082293955X</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030184753/http://indio.net/taino/main/language/Tisland.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.indio.net/taino/main/language/Tisland.htm">la originalo</a> je 2010-10-30. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Henken2008-17"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Henken2008_17-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Ted Henken. (2008) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DMv7anQoCbzgC">Cuba: a global studies handbook</a></i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781851099849?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781851099849</a>.</cite> (datigas la surteriĝon en Kubo en la 27a de Oktobro)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Cuba Oficina Del Censo. (2009) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DE0iIQ1nxJB4C">Cuba: Population, History and Resources 1907</a></i>. BiblioBazaar, LLC. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781110288182?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781110288182</a>.</cite> (datigas la surteriĝon en Kubo en la 28a de Oktobro)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Tiuj estas datoj de la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julia_kalendaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julia kalendaro">Julia kalendaro</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Gott-2004">Gott, Richard. (2004) <i>Cuba: a new history</i>. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0300104111?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0300104111</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Andrea-2005">Andrea, Alfred J.. (2005) “Letter by Christopher Columbus concerning recently discovered islands”, <i>The Human Record</i> <b>1</b>. Houghton Mifflin Company. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0618370404?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0618370404</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Diamond-1998">Diamond, Jared M.. (1998) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pbs.org/gunsgermssteel/variables/smallpox.html">Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies</a></i>. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Co. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0393038912?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0393038912</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Byrne-2008">Byrne, Joseph Patrick. (2008) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3D5Pvi-ksuKFIC%26pg%3DPA413%26dq">Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A-M</a></i>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0313341028?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0313341028</a>.</cite> <span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">J. N. Hays (2005). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DGyE8Qt-kS1kC%26pg%3DPA82%26dq%26hl%3Den%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse">Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history</a></i>". p. 82. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1851096582?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85109-658-2</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3Do-OVsN5SwPIC%26pg%3DPA352%26dq%26hl%3Den%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse">Latin America's Wars: The age of the caudillo, 1791–1899</a></i>. Robert L. Scheina (2003). p.352. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1574884506?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-57488-450-6</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp115-117-26"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp115-117_26-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003">Chomsky, Carr & Smorkaloff 2003</a>, paĝoj <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DSr2hQkCIihMC%26pg%3DPA115">115–117</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubagenweb.org/mil/e-war-hist.htm">[1]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170815055924/http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/lilwar.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/funfacts/lilwar.htm">la originalo</a> je 2017-08-15. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Rebecca Jarvis Scott. (2000) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3D-mMBmhYxg8sC">Slave emancipation in Cuba: the transition to free labor, 1860–1899</a></i>. University of Pittsburgh Pre. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780822957355?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780822957355</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp37-38-30"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ChomskyCarrSmorkaloff2003pp37-38_30-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="harv">Chomsky, Aviva. (2003) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3DSr2hQkCIihMC">The Cuba reader: history, culture, politics</a></i>. Duke University Press, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 37–38</span>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780822331971?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780822331971</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-sandler-31">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sandler_31-0"><sup>31,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sandler_31-1"><sup>31,1</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sandler_31-2"><sup>31,2</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"> (2002) Stanley Sandler: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DL_xxOM85bD8C%26pg%3DPP1">Ground warfare: an international encyclopedia</a></i> <b>Part 25, Volume 1</b>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1576073440?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1576073440</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-arias-32">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-arias_32-0"><sup>32,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-arias_32-1"><sup>32,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">David Arias. (2005) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D7AlqghmzQVUC%26pg%3DPA171">Spanish-americans: Lives And Faces</a></i>. Victoria, BC, Canada: Trafford Publishing. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/141204717X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 141204717X</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Robert K. Home. (1997) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D1ovC4TylXNkC%26pg%3DPA195">Of Planting and Planning: The Making of British Colonial Cities</a></i>. Chapman and Hall. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0419202307?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0419202307</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.spanamwar.com/proctorspeech.htm">[2]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-morison-35">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-morison_35-0"><sup>35,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-morison_35-1"><sup>35,1</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-morison_35-2"><sup>35,2</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Morison-2003">Morison, Samuel Loring. (2003) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DSYurkGIlgLMC%26pg%3DPA18">The American Battleship</a></i>. St. Paul, Minn.: MBI Publishing Company. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0760309892?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0760309892</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Rickover-1994">Rickover, Hyman George. (1994) <i>How the Battleship Maine Was Destroyed</i>. Annapolis, Md.: Naval Institute Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1557507171?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1557507171</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Potter-1981">Potter, Elmer Belmont; Fredland, Roger; Adams, Henry Hitch. (1981) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3Dzql2rWh6QAsC%26pg%3DPA176">Sea Power: a Naval History</a></i>. Annapolis, Md.: United States Naval Institute. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0870216074?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0870216074</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Macdonald-1908">Macdonald, William. (1908) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DzaUmd7uAuFsC%26pg%3DPA597">Documentary Source Book of American History, 1606–1898</a></i>. New York, NY: Macmillan Co. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781406763454?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781406763454</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/sp1898.asp">[3]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Diaz-Briquets-2006">Diaz-Briquets, Sergio. (2006) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DFiquofr8LSoC%26pg%3DPA63">Corruption in Cuba: Castro and Beyond</a></i>. Austin: University of Texas Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0292713215?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0292713215</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Thomas, Hugh. (March 1971) <i>Cuba: the Pursuit of Freedom</i>. New York: Harper & Row, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 283–287</span>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0060142596?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0060142596</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"> (1994) Benjamin Beede: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D48g116X9IIwC%26pg%3DPA134">The War of 1898, and U.S. interventions, 1898–1934: an encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Garland. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0824056248?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0824056248</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Argote-Freyre-2006">Argote-Freyre, Frank. (2006) <i>Fulgencio Batista</i> <b>1</b>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0813537010?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0813537010</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-bethell-44">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bethell_44-0"><sup>44,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bethell_44-1"><sup>44,1</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-bethell_44-2"><sup>44,2</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Bethell-1993">Bethell, Leslie. (1993) <i>Cuba</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780521436823?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521436823</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Julia E. Sweig. (2004) <i>Inside the Cuban Revolution</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780674016125?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780674016125</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sweig-Inside-46"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sweig-Inside_46-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Julia E. Sweig. (2004) <i>Inside the Cuban Revolution</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Harvard_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780674016125?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780674016125</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Dominquez-Cuba-47"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dominquez-Cuba_47-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Jorge I. Domínguez. <i>Cuba</i>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0674179250?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0674179250</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802544,00.html">"Batista's Boost"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826011532/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,802544,00.html">Arkivigite je</a> 2013-08-26 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Time</i>, <span style="white-space: nowrap;">January 18</span>, 1943. Retrieved <span style="white-space: nowrap;">March 2</span>, 2010.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-lewis-49">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lewis_49-0"><sup>49,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lewis_49-1"><sup>49,1</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lewis_49-2"><sup>49,2</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lewis_49-3"><sup>49,3</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lewis_49-4"><sup>49,4</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Paul H. Lewis. (2006) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DLAvw-YXm4TsC%26pg%3DPA186">Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America</a></i>. Oxford, UK: Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0742537390?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0742537390</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-asce-50">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-asce_50-0"><sup>50,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-asce_50-1"><sup>50,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;"> (6–<span style="white-space: nowrap;">8 August</span> 1998) “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/30smith.pdf">Renaissance and decay: A comparison of socioeconomic indicators in pre-Castro and current-day Cuba</a>”, <i>Cuba in Transition</i> <b>8</b>. Alirita 2009-09-14..</cite><span style="display:none;"> </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713105818/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/30smith.pdf">Arkivigite je</a> 2009-07-13 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713105818/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/30smith.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/30smith.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2009-07-13. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Eric N. Baklanoff . “<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/31baklanoff.pdf">Cuba on the eve of the socialist transition: A reassessment of the backwardness-stagnation thesis</a>”, <i>Cuba in Transition</i>.</cite><span style="display:none;"> </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713105752/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/31baklanoff.pdf">Arkivigite je</a> 2009-07-13 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713105752/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/31baklanoff.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/ca/cuba/asce/cuba8/31baklanoff.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2009-07-13. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Faria, Miguel A. <i>Cuba in Revolution—Escape from a Lost Paradise</i>, 2002, Hacienda Publishing, Macon, Georgia, pp. 105, 182, 248</span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/cuba/story/0,,2112303,00.html">[4]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Batista estis doninta al la mafiulo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Meyer_Lansky?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a> monopolon pri la hazardludoj en Havano kontraŭ redono de la duono de la profitoj. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.carpenoctem.tv/mafia/lansky.html">Meyer Lansky</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403170341/http://www.carpenoctem.tv/mafia/lansky.html">Arkivigite je</a> 2005-04-03 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013342/http://www.chibas.org/raul_chibas_manifiesto.php">Familia Chibás > Raul Antonio Chibás > Manifiesto Sierra Maestra</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.chibas.org/raul_chibas_manifiesto.php">la originalo</a> je 2013-01-17. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-lazo-56"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-lazo_56-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Lazo-1970">Lazo, Mario. (1970) <i>American Policy Failures in Cuba—Dagger in the Heart</i>. New York, NY: Twin Circle Publishing, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 198–200, 240</span>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Philip Bonsal. (1971) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?id%3Dtzyj2oOqZFkC%26pg%3DPA140">Cuba, Castro, and the United States</a></i>. University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780822932253?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780822932253</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Katherine Hirschfeld. <i>Health, Politics, and Revolution in Cuba Since 1898</i>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0765803445?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0765803445</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Black Book of Communism. p. 664.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-staten-60"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-staten_60-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Clifford L. Staten. <i>The history of Cuba</i>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0313316902?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0313316902</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Ted Henken. <i>Cuba</i>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1851099840?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1851099840</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Faria, Miguel A. <i>Cuba in Revolution — Escape From a Lost Paradise</i>, 2002, Hacienda Publishing, Inc., Macon, Georgia, pp. 163–228</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Jorge I. Domínguez, Harvard University. Center for International Affairs. <i>To Make a World Safe for Revolution</i>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-64">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cambridge_64-0"><sup>64,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cambridge_64-1"><sup>64,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Bethell, Leslie. <i>The Cambridge History of Latin America</i>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0521623278?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521623278</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.petersoninstitute.org/research/topics/sanctions/cuba2.cfm">Case Studies in Sanctions and Terrorism: Case 60-3, US v. Cuba</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929191513/http://www.petersoninstitute.org/research/topics/sanctions/cuba2.cfm">Arkivigite je</a> 2011-09-29 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Peterson Institute for International Economics.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-06/04/content_11485277.htm">Cuba's Fidel Castro calls OAS a "U.S. Trojan horse"</a>, China View, <span style="white-space: nowrap;">June 4</span>, 2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ideology-67">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ideology_67-0"><sup>67,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ideology_67-1"><sup>67,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://assets.cambridge.org/97811076/98901/excerpt/9781107698901_excerpt2.pdf">"Cuba receives first US shipment in 50 years" (PDF).</a> Cambridge University Press. Alirita la 18an de Novembro 2019.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Brown, Jonathan (24a de Aprilo 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Cuba_s_Revolutionary_World/Js-5DgAAQBAJ?hl%3Den%26gbpv%3D1%26dq%3Dcuban%2Brevolution%2Bputschist%26pg%3DPT205%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">Cuba's Revolutionary World.</a> Harvard University Press. Alirita la 23an de Februaro 2021.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-factbook-69"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-factbook_69-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/">"Cuba".</a> The World Factbook. CIA. Alirita la 6an de Aprilo 2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Mdgs.un.org-70"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mdgs.un.org_70-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121152701/http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid%3D656%26crid%3D192">unstats – Millennium Indicators</a>. Mdgs.un.org (23a de Junio 2010). Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid%3D656%26crid%3D192">la originalo</a> je 2012-01-21. Alirita 7a de Novembro 2010 . </span></li> <li id="cite_note-LiteracyC-71"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LiteracyC_71-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/latin-lessons-what-can-we-learn-from-the-worldrsquos-most-ambitious-literacy-campaign-2124433.html">Latin lessons: What can we Learn from the World's most Ambitious Literacy Campaign?</a>", <i>The Independent</i>, 7a de Novembro 2010. </span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tc.columbia.edu/news.htm?articleID%3D7292">Getting a Reading on High Literacy in Cuba</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408223929/http://www.tc.columbia.edu/news.htm?articleID%3D7292">Arkivigite je</a> 2016-04-08 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Teachers College, Columbia University. 22a de Decembro 2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/2001/cb01-81.html">Census 2000 Paints Statistical Portrait of the Nation's Hispanic Population</a>, U.S. Census Bureau, 2001.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="harv"> (2008) <i>Health consequences of Cuba's Special Period</i> <b>179</b>. Canadian Medical Association Journal. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cifereca_objekta_identigilo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cifereca objekta identigilo">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.1080068">10.1503/cmaj.1080068</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105/http://www.fas.usda.gov/itp/cuba/cubasituation0308.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.fas.usda.gov/itp/cuba/CubaSituation0308.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2013-11-05. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918225042/http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Gutierrez-20-1.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Gutierrez-20-1.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2009-09-18. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cpj.org/reports/2008/03/cuba-press-crackdown.php">[5]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090702082005/http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/Cuba_report.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/Cuba_report.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2009-07-02. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6188591.stm">[6]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6315783.stm">[7]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327180558/https://www.afp.com/english/news/stories/newsmlmmd.fce074e0275fae2a0c16383ec4973c96.191.html">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.afp.com/english/news/stories/newsmlmmd.fce074e0275fae2a0c16383ec4973c96.191.html">la originalo</a> je 2020-03-27. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7261204.stm">[8]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.economist.com/world/la/displaystory.cfm?story_id%3D10881009">[9]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/mar/02/raul-castro-fidel-cuba-officials">[10]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba67sp/indice.htm">[11]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-state.gov-86">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-state.gov_86-0"><sup>86,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-state.gov_86-1"><sup>86,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2886.htm">[12]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/20120524192224/hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/cuba12207.htm">[13]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://cpj.org/reports/2008/12/cpjs-2008-prison-census-online-and-in-jail.php">[14]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. (2008) <i>World Report 2008: Events of 2007</i>. Seven Stories Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781583227749?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781583227749</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303221407/http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_gb_md_1.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_gb_md_1.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2009-03-03. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/cuba/Cuba996-05.htm">[15]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-torres-92">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-torres_92-0"><sup>92,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-torres_92-1"><sup>92,1</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/1997/9509097.pdf">[16]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,,1936186,00.html">[17]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814140119/http://mipais.cuba.cu/geografia.php?subcat%3D31">MiPais.cuba.cu</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://mipais.cuba.cu/geografia.php?subcat%3D31">la originalo</a> je 2007-08-14. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Silva Lee, Alfonso. <i>Cuba Natural</i>. 1996.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfamamerica.org/newsandpublications/publications/research_reports/art3670.html/OA-Cuba_Social_Policy_at_Crossroads-en.pdf%257C">[18]</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/cuba/Cuba996-01.htm%23P392_35421">[19]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.allbusiness.com/public-administration/national-security-international/3974438-1.html">[20]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3DyjCDjmIpGoU">The power of community</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310155640/http://www.powerofcommunity.org/">Oficiala retejo de la dokumenta filmo nome The power of community</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.powerofcommunity.org/">la originalo</a> je 2011-03-10. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619234114/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/asce/cuba10/espino.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/asce/cuba10/espino.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2010-06-19. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Corbett-2004">Corbett, Ben. (2004) <i>This Is Cuba: An Outlaw Culture Survives</i>. Westview Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0813338263?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0813338263</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030021237/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/asce/cuba7/crespo.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/asce/cuba7/crespo.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2007-10-30. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725185350/http://www.uiowa.edu/ifdebook/conferences/cuba/TLCP/Volume%25201/Facio.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.uiowa.edu/ifdebook/conferences/cuba/TLCP/Volume%25201/Facio.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2010-07-25. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/americas/04/16/cuba.farming/index.html">[21]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Morales_&_Scarpaci_2011-106"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Morales_&_Scarpaci_2011_106-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Morales-2011">Morales, Emilio. (2011) <i>Marketing without Advertising: Brand Preference and Consumer Choice in Cuba</i>. Routledge. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9781136481024?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9781136481024</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ctp.iccas.miami.edu/FOCUS_Web/Issue59.htm">[22]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/03/world/americas/03cuba.html?ref%3Dtodayspaper">[23]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-109">↑ <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-constitution_109-0"><sup>109,0</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-constitution_109-1"><sup>109,1</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-constitution_109-2"><sup>109,2</sup></a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-constitution_109-3"><sup>109,3</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327180534/http://www.parlamentocubano.cu/ingles/constitution.html">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parlamentocubano.cu/ingles/constitution.html">la originalo</a> je 2020-03-27. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/country_profiles/1203299.stm">[24]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanislavo_Belov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanislavo Belov">Stanislavo Belov</a> (2019-02-03) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/75zBjOavg?url%3Dhttp://stanobelov.blogspot.com/2019/02/mia-havano-framasonoj-kaj-cinoj.html">Mia Havano: framasonoj kaj ĉinoj</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">esperante</span></a>). <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blogger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blogger">Blogger</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stanobelov.blogspot.com/2019/02/mia-havano-framasonoj-kaj-cinoj.html">la originalo</a> je 2019-02-06. Alirita 2019-02-03 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-expenditure-112"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-expenditure_112-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620050417/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/asce/cuba6/23perlopez.fm.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/cb/cuba/asce/cuba6/23perlopez.fm.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2010-06-20. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.redorbit.com/news/general/618165/cuban_army_called_key_in_any_postcastro_scenario/index.html">Cuban army called key in any post-Castro scenario Anthony Boadle</a> Reuters 2006</span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Samuel M. Makinda. (1987) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3D5cYOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA207%26lpg%3DPA207">Superpower diplomacy in the Horn of Africa</a></i>. Beckenham, Kent: Croom Helm Ltd. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0709946627?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0709946627</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Ramazani, Rouhollah K.. (1975) <i>The Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz</i> <b>3</b>. Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoof. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9028600698?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9028600698</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">1950 Invasion Wiped Out Says Trujillo</span></li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703123335/http://www.museodelaresistencia.com/museo/federaciones/cmh.html/">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.museodelaresistencia.org/museo/federaciones/cmh.html">la originalo</a> je 2020-07-03. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-118">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">Christopher P. Baker. (2006) <i>Moon Cuba</i>. Avalon Travel Publishing. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1566918022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1566918022</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/03/world/americas/03iht-rights.html">[25]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-120">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905060853/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri%3DOJ:C:2004:076E:0384:0386:EN:PDF">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri%3DOJ:C:2004:076E:0384:0386:EN:PDF">la originalo</a> je 2009-09-05. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/development/icenter/repository/EU-Cuba-Joint%2520declaration-261108_EN.pdf">[26]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/20120805204524/www.state.gov/www/regions/wha/cuba/democ_act_1992.html">[27]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2009/April/20090421102201dmslahrellek0.4116632.html?CP.rss%3Dtrue">[28]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822035707/http://www.america.gov/st/peacesec-english/2009/April/20090421102201dmslahrellek0.4116632.html?CP.rss%3Dtrue">Arkivigite je</a> 2013-08-22 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417105621/http://www.america.gov/st/texttrans-english/2009/April/20090413170610eaifas0.2033502.html">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.america.gov/st/texttrans-english/2009/April/20090413170610eaifas0.2033502.html">la originalo</a> je 2009-04-17. Alirita 2009-04-17 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-census-125"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-census_125-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414135412/http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/censo/tablas_html/ii_3.htm">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/censo/tablas_html/ii_3.htm">la originalo</a> je 2011-04-14. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-126">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dybsets/1956%2520DYB.pdf">[29]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Pedraza-2007">Pedraza, Silvia. (2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DQCSJ61F4j34C%26pg%3DPA156">Political disaffection in Cuba's revolution and exodus</a></i>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780521867870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521867870</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tau.ac.il/eial/IV_2/bejarano.htm">[30]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/310.html">[31]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-130">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.miamiherald.com/multimedia/news/afrolatin/part4/index.html">[32]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49749d342c.html">[33]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubagenweb.org/french/index.htm%23refugees">Etat des propriétés rurales appartenant à des Français dans l'île de Cuba</a> el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubagenweb.org">Cuban Genealogy Center</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.moroccotimes.com/Paper/article.asp?idr%3D2%26id%3D13816">[34]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125161820/http://www.moroccotimes.com/Paper/article.asp?idr%3D2%26id%3D13816">Arkivigite je</a> 2006-11-25 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>arkivita en dato = 2006-11-25 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.moroccotimes.com/Paper/article.asp?idr%3D2%26id%3D13816">la originalo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20061125161820/http://www.moroccotimes.com/Paper/article.asp?idr%3D2%26id%3D13816">Arkivigite je</a> 2006-11-25 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> en 2006-11-25</span></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926222652/http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section%3DWorld_News%26subsection%3DAmericas%26month%3DMay2007%26file%3DWorld_News2007051741913.xml">thepeninsulaqatar.com</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section%3DWorld_News%26subsection%3DAmericas%26month%3DMay2007%26file%3DWorld_News2007051741913.xml">la originalo</a> je 2007-09-26. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.periodico26.cu/english/features/june2008/cuba-population060508.html">Population Decrease Must be Reverted</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/esa/population/pubsarchive/fer/ffer.htm">[35]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/25s3099.html">[36]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bahai.org/story.cfm?storyid%3D377">[37]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-139">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stanislavo_Belov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stanislavo Belov">Stanislavo Belov</a> (2019-01-117) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.webcitation.org/75YrrZlDs?url%3Dhttps://stanobelov.blogspot.com/2019/01/santerio-fluas-en-nia-sango.html">"Santerio fluas en nia sango..."</a> (<a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">esperante</span></a>). <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blogger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blogger">Blogger</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stanobelov.blogspot.com/2019/01/santerio-fluas-en-nia-sango.html">la originalo</a> je 2019-01-20. Alirita 2019-01-20 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-140">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Pedraza-2007">Pedraza, Silvia. (2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DQCSJ61F4j34C%26pg%3DPA5">Political disaffection in Cuba's revolution and exodus</a></i>. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780521867870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521867870</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012091232/http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/ns95211.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/ns95211.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2017-10-12. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;">George Brandon. (1997-03-01) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DTndbo3yLEdcC%26dq%3Dlucumi%2Blanguage">Santeria from Africa to the New World</a></i>. Indiana University Press. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780253211149?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780253211149</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code%3Dluq">[38]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-144">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10130814">[39]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name%3DCU">[40]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.reason.com/news/show/125095.html">[41]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-siteresources.worldbank.org-147"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-siteresources.worldbank.org_147-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/278200-1099079877269/547664-1099080026826/The_Cuban_education_system_lessonsEn00.pdf">[42]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-whiteford-148"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-whiteford_148-0">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;" id="referenco-Whiteford-2008">Whiteford, Linda M.. (2008) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DlJe7uc7X3pYC%26pg%3DPA2">Primary Health Care in Cuba: The Other Revolution</a></i>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/0742559947?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0742559947</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cuba: A Different America</i>, de Wilber A. Chaffee, Gary Prevost, Rowland kaj Littlefield, 1992, p. 106</span></li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-150">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Lundy, Karen Saucier. <i>Community Health Nursing: Caring for the Public's Health</i>. Jones and Bartlett: 2005, p. 377.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"> (2000) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DgYc_LgzsRDMC%26pg%3DPA69">Global Health Policy, Local Realities: The Fallacy of the Level Playing Field</a></i>. Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner Publishers. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1555878741?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1555878741</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/Read.aspx?GUID%3DC2F78A4B-8F88-4E8C-97CE-16C9CFE35473">[43]</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmhealth/30/30ap91.htm">Cuban Health Care Systems and its implications for the NHS Plan</a>. Select Committee on Health.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="libro" style="font-style:normal;"> (2007) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DWtuiTYThR7sC%26pg%3DPP1">Doctors in a Divided Society: The Profession and Education of Medical Practitioners in South Africa</a></i>. HSRC Press, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">p. 16, 81</span>. <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/9780796921536?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780796921536</a>.</cite> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf">World population Prospects: The 2006 Revision: Highlights</a>, United Nations.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-156">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Foreign Affairs, July/<span style="white-space: nowrap;">August 2010</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513175900/http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/asce/pdfs/volume11/alvarez.pdf">Arkivita kopio</a>. Arkivita el <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/asce/pdfs/volume11/alvarez.pdf">la originalo</a> je 2011-05-13. Alirita 2012-03-24 .</span></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.liberafolio.org/2008/roterdamo8">[44]</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kubo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://groups.yahoo.com/group/esperanto-sudkalifornio/message/191">[45]</a><span title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="background:#ffeaea; color:#444444"></span><sup class="noprint" title="Kelkfoje okazas, ke ligilo en Vikipedio ne plu atingeblas. Se eble, trovu la korektan ligilon kaj enmeti ĝin ĉi tie, alikaze forigu la ligilon kaj, se tio temas pri noto, enmetu la ŝablonon {{citon}}." style="color:red;">[<i>rompita ligilo</i>]</sup></span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografio">Bibliografio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Bibliografio" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul> <li>Belov, Stano, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stanobelov.blogspot.com/2018/12/kubo-la-lando-de-mitoj.html">Kubo, la lando de mitoj</a>, la 17-an de decembro 2018.</li> <li>Jozefo de Jesús Campos Pacheco, "La ĉeflando de Esperantujo en 2010. Kubo", <i>Juna Amiko</i>, 3/2009 (126), paĝo 31.</li> <li>Lambert, Renaud. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eo.mondediplo.com/article2570.html">Kubo deziras la merkaton ... sen kapitalismo</a> 'Le Monde Diplomatique', oktobro 2017.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Eksteraj_ligiloj">Eksteraj ligiloj</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kubo&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Redakti sekcion: Eksteraj ligiloj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>redakti</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <div class="noprint" id="aliaj_projektoj" style="float: right; clear: right; width: 250px; border: 1px solid #aaa; padding: 4px; font-size: 90%; background: #f9f9f9;"> <ul class="noarchive"> <li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cuba?uselang%3Deo">Kubo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li> <li class="commons"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cuba?uselang%3Deo">Kategorio Kubo en la <span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a> (Multrimedaj datumoj)</span></li> <li class="quote"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kubo" class="extiw" title="q:Kubo">Kubo en la <span>Vikicitaro</span></a> (Kolekto de citaĵoj)</li> <li class="news"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikinews.org/wiki/Kategorio:Kubo" class="extiw" title="n:Kategorio:Kubo">Kubo en <span>Vikinovaĵoj</span></a> (Liberaj novaĵoj)</li> <li class="wikivoyage"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kubo" class="extiw" title="voy:Kubo">Kubo en <span>Vikivojaĝo</span></a> (Turisma gvidilo)</li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li>Bazaj informoj pri <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uea.org/vikio/Kubo">Kubo</a> en <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uea.org/vikio/%25C4%2588efpa%25C4%259Do">la vikio de UEA</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">esperante</span></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v%3D6UP9xNdkDsE%26t%3D1775s">Trans la Florida Markolo</a>, filmo en Esperanto pri renkontiĝo inter kubaj kaj usonaj esperantistoj</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubagob.cu/">Registaro de Respubliko Kubo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329162411/http://www.cubagob.cu/">Arkivigite je</a> 2018-03-29 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (hispane kaj angle)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/">Granma</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/20130105192728/www.granma.cubaweb.cu/english">Arkivigite je</a> 2013-01-05 per <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Archive.today?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Archive.today">Archive.today</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubadebate.cu/">Cubadebate (hispane)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cubanet.org/">hispanlingva novaĵgazeto kontraŭregistara</a> Cubanet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.desdecuba.com/generaciony/">Alternativula blogo</a> de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generacio_Y?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Generacio Y">Generacio Y</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.esperanto.cult.cu/">Esperanto en Kubo </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308173156/http://www.esperanto.cult.cu/">Arkivigite je</a> 2012-03-08 per la retarkivo <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stanobelov.blogspot.com/p/kubo.html">Artikoloj pri Kubo</a> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperanto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperanto"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">esperante</span></a></li> </ul> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:20px; top:-40px; background-color:transparent" class="metadata" id="featured-star"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Listo_de_havendaj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj"> <noscript> <img alt="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="36"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 36px;height: 36px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png" data-alt="Tiu ĉi artikolo apartenas al la aro de la mil plej gravaj artikoloj" data-width="36" data-height="36" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div style="position:absolute; z-index:100; right:10px; top:45px;" class="titola_ikono noprint"> <div style="position: relative; width: 14px; height: 14px;"> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; font-size: 100px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 100px; z-index: 3; font-size:150pt;"> <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Elstaraj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Elstaraj artikoloj"><span title="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo."></span></a> </div> <div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 2"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Elstaraj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo."> <noscript> <img alt="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/14px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 14px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/14px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" data-alt="Ĉi tiu artikolo plenumas laŭ redaktantoj de Esperanto-Vikipedio kriteriojn por elstara artikolo." data-width="14" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/21px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/28px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <table class="noprint plainlinks" style="margin: 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #66CC44;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;text-align: center;"> <div style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width:52px;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"> <span title="Elstara artikolo"> <noscript> <img alt="Elstara artikolo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/24px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 24px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/24px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png" data-alt="Elstara artikolo" data-width="24" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/36px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Qsicon_Exzellent.svg/48px-Qsicon_Exzellent.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span> <figcaption> Elstara artikolo </figcaption> </figure> </div></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width: 100%;">Ĉi tiu artikolo estis je la <i>nekonata dato</i> akceptita en la liston de <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Elstaraj_artikoloj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Elstaraj artikoloj">elstaraj artikoloj</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="noprint plainlinks" style="margin: 0 10%; border-collapse: collapse; background: #FBFBFB; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-left: 10px solid #66CC44; font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;text-align: center;"> <div style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width:52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/45px-Weeks_featured_article.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 45px;height: 45px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/45px-Weeks_featured_article.png" data-width="45" data-height="45" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/68px-Weeks_featured_article.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Weeks_featured_article.png/90px-Weeks_featured_article.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div></td> <td style="padding: 0.25em 0.5em;width: 100%;">Tiu ĉi artikolo estis <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Artikolo_de_la_semajno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Artikolo de la semajno">artikolo de la semajno</a> en la <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Artikolo_de_la_semajno/2012/21?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Artikolo de la semajno/2012/21">21-a semajno</a> de la jaro <a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vikipedio:Artikolo_de_la_semajno/2012?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vikipedio:Artikolo de la semajno/2012">2012</a>.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="noprint" style="clear:both; margin-top:0px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); padding: 0px; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td class="navbox-group"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norma_datumaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norma datumaro">Bibliotekoj</a></td> <td class="plainlinks hlist" style="font-size: 80%;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helpo:Bibliotekoj?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helpo:Bibliotekoj">PeEnEo</a>: <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/?curid%3D2224">2224</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komuna_Norma_Datumaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komuna Norma Datumaro">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4033340-1">4033340-1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontrolnumero_de_la_Kongresa_Biblioteko_de_Usono?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontrolnumero de la Kongresa Biblioteko de Usono">LCCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79079435">n79079435</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VIAF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="VIAF">VIAF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://viaf.org/viaf/246945449,">127245163 246945449, 127245163</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISNI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISNI">ISNI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://isni.org/isni/000000012174332X">000000012174332X</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Francio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Francio">BNF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118684677,">152918909, 119334489 118684677, 152918909, 119334489</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Dieto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Dieto">NDL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567313">00567313</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_la_%C4%88e%C4%A5a_Respubliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de la Ĉeĥa Respubliko">NKC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://aut.nkp.cz/ge129703">ge129703</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://eo-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacia_Biblioteko_de_Hispanio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacia Biblioteko de Hispanio">BNE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://datos.bne.es/resource/XX450790">XX450790</a></span></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.046 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img 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data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731931206"> <span>Laste redaktita je 18 nov. 2024, 12:00</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Lingvoj</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — abĥaza" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abĥaza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — aĉea" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aĉea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — svisgermana" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="svisgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A9%25E1%2589%25A3" title="ኩባ — amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኩባ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — aragona" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C5%25ABba" title="Cūba — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cūba" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्यूबा — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्यूबा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="كوبا — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوبا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="كوبا — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كوبا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="كوبا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوبا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — azerbajĝana" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajĝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کوبا — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوبا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — baŝkira" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baŝkira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — balia" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — bulgara" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्यूबा — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्यूबा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — bislamo" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="কিউবা — bengala" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কিউবা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2580%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཀུ་བ། — tibeta" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀུ་བ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibeta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%2589%25E0%25A6%25AC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="কিউবা — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কিউবা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — bosna" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — ĉeĉena" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ĉeĉena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — cebua" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25AB%25E1%258F%2586" title="ᎫᏆ — ĉeroka" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎫᏆ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ĉeroka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کووبا — sorana" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کووبا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25B9ba" title="Kùba — Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kùba" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — ĉuvaŝa" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ĉuvaŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciwba" title="Ciwba — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ciwba" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — malsuprasoraba" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="malsuprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्युबा — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="क्युबा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2586%25DE%25A8%25DE%2587%25DE%25AA%25DE%2584%25DE%25A7" title="ކިއުބާ — maldiva" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކިއުބާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldiva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — evea" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="evea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CE%25BF%25CF%258D%25CE%25B2%25CE%25B1" title="Κούβα — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κούβα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuba" title="Kuuba — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuuba" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — eŭska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="eŭska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کوبا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوبا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubaa" title="Kubaa — fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kubaa" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="rekomendata artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuba" title="Kuuba — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuuba" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuba" title="Kuuba — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kuuba" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — fiĝia" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fiĝia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuba" title="Kuuba — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kuuba" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube" title="Cube — friula" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cube" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — okcident-frisa" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="okcident-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25BAba" title="Cúba — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cúba" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E5%25B7%25B4" title="古巴 — Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="古巴" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25B9ba" title="Cùba — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cùba" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25BAva" title="Kúva — gvarania" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kúva" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्युबा — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="क्युबा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25BA%25F0%2590%258C%25BF%25F0%2590%258C%25B1%25F0%2590%258C%25B0" title="𐌺𐌿𐌱𐌰 — Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌿𐌱𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2595%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AB%2581%25E0%25AA%25AC%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="ક્યુબા — guĝarata" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્યુબા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guĝarata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Choobey" title="Yn Choobey — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Choobey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — haŭsa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haŭsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%2594" title="קובה — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קובה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्यूबा — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्यूबा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — suprasoraba" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="suprasoraba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiba" title="Kiba — haitia kreola" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kiba" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitia kreola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A2%25D5%25A1" title="Կուբա — armena" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուբա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Interlingveo" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingveo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — iloka" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — inguŝa" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25BAba" title="Kúba — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kúba" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AD%25E3%2583%25A5%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2583%2590" title="キューバ — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キューバ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyuuba" title="Kyuuba — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kyuuba" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kubas" title="kubas — Loĵbano" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kubas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Loĵbano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — java" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="java" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="კუბა — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კუბა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — kabila" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D1%258D" title="Кубэ — kabarda" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Кубэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuubaa" title="Kuubaa — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kuubaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — kazaĥa" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259E%25BB%25E1%259E%2599%25E1%259E%2594%25E1%259E%25B6" title="គុយបា — kmera" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គុយបា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="kmera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B3%2582%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B2%25BE" title="ಕ್ಯೂಬಾ — kanara" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯೂಬಾ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25BF%25A0%25EB%25B0%2594" title="쿠바 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠바" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%259B%25D9%2588%25D9%2597%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کیٛوٗبا — kaŝmira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کیٛوٗبا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kaŝmira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25BBba" title="Kûba — kurda" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kûba" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — komia" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — kornvala" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornvala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — kirgiza" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="elstara artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — judhispana" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="judhispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — luksemburga" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — lezga" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B9%25E0%25BA%259A%25E0%25BA%25B2" title="ປະເທດກູບາ — laŭa" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດກູບາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — litova" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — latva" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्युबा — majtila" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="क्युबा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="majtila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — mokŝa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokŝa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiob%25C3%25A0" title="Kiobà — malagasa" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kiobà" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagasa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiupa" title="Kiupa — maoria" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kiupa" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maoria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — minankabaŭa" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minankabaŭa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — makedona" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%2582%25E0%25B4%25AC" title="ക്യൂബ — malajalama" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്യൂബ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — mongola" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2580%25EA%25AF%25AD%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A8%25EA%25AF%2595%25EA%25AF%25A5" title="ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯥ — manipura" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्युबा — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्युबा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — malaja" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="ကျူးဘားနိုင်ငံ — birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျူးဘားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کوبا — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کوبا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — platgermana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="platgermana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्युबा — nepala" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्युबा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2581%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्युबा — nevara" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्युबा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba_(land)" title="Cuba (land) — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cuba (land)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%259E%25DF%258E%25DF%2593%25DF%258A%25DF%25AB" title="ߞߎߓߊ߫ — N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߞߎߓߊ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naakaii_N%25C3%25A1t%25CA%25BCoh%25C3%25AD_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Naakaii Nátʼohí Bikéyah — navaha" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Naakaii Nátʼohí Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — okcitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuubaa" title="Kuubaa — oroma" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kuubaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oroma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2595%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AD%259F%25E0%25AD%2581%25E0%25AC%25AC%25E0%25AC%25BE" title="କ୍ୟୁବା — orijo" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ୟୁବା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="orijo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25C3%25A6" title="Кубæ — oseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кубæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2595%25E0%25A8%25BF%25E0%25A8%258A%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A8%25BE" title="ਕਿਊਬਾ — panĝaba" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿਊਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panĝaba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubaa" title="Kubaa — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kubaa" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्यूबा — Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="क्यूबा" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyuuba" title="Kyuuba — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kyuuba" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کیوبا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیوبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کيوبا — paŝtua" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کيوبا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paŝtua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwa" title="Kuwa — keĉua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kuwa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="keĉua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiba" title="Kiba — ruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kiba" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="ruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2582%25E0%25A4%25AC%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="क्यूबा — sanskrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्यूबा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0_(%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B4%25D1%2583)" title="Кууба (дойду) — jakuta" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кууба (дойду)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A3%25E1%25B1%25B5%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱠᱤᱣᱵᱟ — santala" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱤᱣᱵᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — sarda" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubba" title="Cubba — sicilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cubba" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25AA%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="ڪيوبا — sinda" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيوبا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — nord-samea" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nord-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — serbo-Kroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-Kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2580%25B8" title="မိူင်းၵူးပႃး — ŝana" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၵူးပႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="ŝana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%2594%25E0%25B6%25B6%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="කියුබාව — sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කියුබාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — slovaka" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuba" title="Kuuba — anar-samea" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kuuba" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="anar-samea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — ŝona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ŝona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuuba" title="Kuuba — somala" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kuuba" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — albana" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — serba" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — surinama" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="surinama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhuyubha" title="IKhuyubha — svazia" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhuyubha" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="svazia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — svahila" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — silezi-pola" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silezi-pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%2582%25E0%25AE%25AA%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="கியூபா — tamila" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கியூபா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamila" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B1%2582%25E0%25B0%25AC%25E0%25B0%25BE" title="క్యూబా — telugua" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్యూబా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — tetuna" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetuna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — taĝika" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="taĝika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="ประเทศคิวบา — taja" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศคิวบา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="taja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A9%25E1%2589%25A3" title="ኩባ — tigraja" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኩባ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigraja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — turkmena" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — tagaloga" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagaloga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kub%25C9%2599" title="Kubə — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kubə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiupa" title="Kiupa — tongana" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kiupa" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25BCba" title="Küba — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Küba" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — sedeka" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="sedeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — tatara" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="leginda artikolo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — udmurta" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25DB%2587%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="كۇبا — ujgura" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۇبا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgura" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2583%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B0" title="Куба — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Куба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7" title="کیوبا — urduo" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیوبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urduo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — uzbeka" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuba" title="Kuba — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kuba" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kube%25C3%25A4n" title="Kubeän — Volapuko" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kubeän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couba" title="Couba — valona" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Couba" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — varaja" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varaja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kubaa" title="Kubaa — volofa" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kubaa" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="volofa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E5%25B7%25B4" title="古巴 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="古巴" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="კუბა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კუბა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2595%25D7%2591%25D7%2590" title="קובא — jida" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קובא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jida" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25BAb%25C3%25A0" title="Kúbà — joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kúbà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujbah" title="Gujbah — ĝuanga" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gujbah" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="ĝuanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B4%25BD%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B4%25B1%25E2%25B4%25B0" title="ⴽⵓⴱⴰ — tamaziĥta maroka norma" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴽⵓⴱⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamaziĥta maroka norma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E5%25B7%25B4" title="古巴 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="古巴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E5%25B7%25B4" title="古巴 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="古巴" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba — Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cuba" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258F%25A4%25E5%25B7%25B4" title="古巴 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古巴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div 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