CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Central America - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"dd99a954-6dcc-4573-97c9-b4440107163b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Central_America","wgTitle":"Central America","wgCurRevisionId":1276087014,"wgRevisionId":1276087014,"wgArticleId":6121,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Pages with Spanish IPA","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from October 2019","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2025", "Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2024","Convert errors","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from January 2019","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from January 2025","Articles with dead external links from February 2022","Articles with permanently dead external links","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Pages using Sister project links with default search","Central America"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Central_America","wgRelevantArticleId":6121,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q27611","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher", "ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/1200px-Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/800px-Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/640px-Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Central America - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Central_America rootpage-Central_America skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Central+America" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Central+America" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Central+America" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Central+America" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Different_definitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Different_definitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Different definitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Different_definitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flags_of_modern_Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_of_modern_Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Flags of modern Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_of_modern_Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coats_of_arms_of_modern_Central_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coats_of_arms_of_modern_Central_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Coats of arms of modern Central America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coats_of_arms_of_modern_Central_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_American_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_American_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Central American forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_American_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_flowers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_flowers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>National flowers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_flowers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_trees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_trees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>National trees</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_trees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montane_forests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montane_forests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Montane forests</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montane_forests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>National birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Life expectancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Capital cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Religious groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cathedrals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedrals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Cathedrals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedrals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>National dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Integration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Integration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Integration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Integration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coasts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coasts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Coasts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coasts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Waterways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports_and_harbors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports_and_harbors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Ports and harbors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports_and_harbors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central America</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 161 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-161" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">161 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika_Teung%C3%B6h" title="Amirika Teungöh – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Amirika Teungöh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentraal-Amerika" title="Sentraal-Amerika – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sentraal-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8A%AB%E1%8A%A8%E1%88%88%E1%8A%9B_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9C%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AB" title="መካከለኛ አሜሪካ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መካከለኛ አሜሪካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuovd%C3%A2-Amerik" title="Kuovdâ-Amerik – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kuovdâ-Amerik" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middelamerica" title="Middelamerica – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Middelamerica" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%89" title="أمريكا الوسطى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمريكا الوسطى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Central" title="America Central – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="America Central" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_centr%C3%A2la" title="Amèrica centrâla – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Amèrica centrâla" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Central" title="América Central – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="América Central" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbyte_Am%C3%A9rika" title="Mbyte Amérika – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbyte Amérika" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99rk%C9%99zi_Amerika" title="Mərkəzi Amerika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mərkəzi Amerika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="اورتا آمریکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اورتا آمریکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Tengah" title="Amérika Tengah – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Amérika Tengah" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cema_Amerika" title="Cema Amerika – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Cema Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="মধ্য আমেরিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মধ্য আমেরিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong_B%C3%AD-chiu" title="Tiong Bí-chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong Bí-chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Tengah" title="Amerika Tengah – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Amerika Tengah" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цэнтральная Амерыка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэнтральная Амерыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Цэнтральная Амэрыка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэнтральная Амэрыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मध्य अमेरिका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मध्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrol_Amerika" title="Sentrol Amerika – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Sentrol Amerika" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Централна Америка – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Централна Америка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreizamerika" title="Kreizamerika – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kreizamerika" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Central" title="Amèrica Central – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amèrica Central" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вăта Америка – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăта Америка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Sentral" title="Amerika Sentral – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Amerika Sentral" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C5%99edn%C3%AD_Amerika" title="Střední Amerika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Střední Amerika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroamerica" title="Centroamerica – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Centroamerica" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canolbarth_America" title="Canolbarth America – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canolbarth America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellemamerika" title="Mellemamerika – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mellemamerika" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zentralamerika" title="Zentralamerika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zentralamerika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjej%C5%BAna_Amerika" title="Srjejźna Amerika – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Srjejźna Amerika" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesk-Ameerika" title="Kesk-Ameerika – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kesk-Ameerika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Κεντρική Αμερική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κεντρική Αμερική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Central" title="América Central – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="América Central" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centra_Ameriko" title="Centra Ameriko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Centra Ameriko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdialdeko_Amerika" title="Erdialdeko Amerika – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erdialdeko Amerika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="آمریکای مرکزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمریکای مرکزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0amerika" title="Miðamerika – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Miðamerika" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique_centrale" title="Amérique centrale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amérique centrale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintraal-Amearika" title="Sintraal-Amearika – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sintraal-Amearika" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americhe_centr%C3%A2l" title="Americhe centrâl – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Americhe centrâl" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meirice%C3%A1_L%C3%A1ir" title="Meiriceá Láir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meiriceá Láir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Veanagh" title="America Veanagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="America Veanagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aimearaga_Mheadhanach" title="Aimearaga Mheadhanach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Aimearaga Mheadhanach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Central" title="América Central – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="América Central" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Юкъера Америка – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Юкъера Америка" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%D9%8A_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="مرکزي آمريکا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مرکزي آمريکا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng_M%C3%AE-ch%C3%BB" title="Chûng Mî-chû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng Mî-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EC%95%99%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="중앙아메리카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중앙아메리카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Կենտրոնական Ամերիկա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենտրոնական Ամերիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srjed%C5%BAna_Amerika" title="Srjedźna Amerika – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Srjedźna Amerika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srednja_Amerika" title="Srednja Amerika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Srednja Amerika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Amerika" title="Central Amerika – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Central Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengnga_nga_Amerika" title="Tengnga nga Amerika – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tengnga nga Amerika" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Tengah" title="Amerika Tengah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amerika Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Central" title="America Central – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="America Central" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Централон Америкæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Централон Америкæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMelika_Wenkaba" title="IMelika Wenkaba – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMelika Wenkaba" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B0-Amer%C3%ADka" title="Mið-Ameríka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mið-Ameríka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_centrale" title="America centrale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="America centrale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%96%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמריקה המרכזית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמריקה המרכזית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rikah_Tengah" title="Amérikah Tengah – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Amérikah Tengah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95" title="ಮಧ್ಯ ಅಮೇರಿಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಧ್ಯ ಅಮೇರಿಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalibudtang_Amerika" title="Kalibudtang Amerika – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kalibudtang Amerika" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ცენტრალური ამერიკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცენტრალური ამერიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Орталық Америка – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Орталық Америка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Gres" title="Amerika Gres – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Amerika Gres" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelika_ya_Kati" title="Amelika ya Kati – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Amelika ya Kati" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istefa_Amerika" title="Istefa Amerika – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Istefa Amerika" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanm%C3%A9rik_santral" title="Lanmérik santral – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Lanmérik santral" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amer%C3%AEkaya_Nav%C3%AEn" title="Amerîkaya Navîn – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Amerîkaya Navîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Борбордук Америка – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Борбордук Америка" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_zentrela" title="America zentrela – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="America zentrela" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_America" title="Media America – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Media America" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centr%C4%81lamerika" title="Centrālamerika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Centrālamerika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrin%C4%97_Amerika" title="Centrinė Amerika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Centrinė Amerika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midde-Amerika" title="Midde-Amerika – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Midde-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Sentral" title="America Sentral – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="America Sentral" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Средна Америка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Средна Америка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Afovoany" title="Amerika Afovoany – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amerika Afovoany" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="മദ്ധ്യ അമേരിക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മദ്ധ്യ അമേരിക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="मध्य अमेरिका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मध्य अमेरिका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ცენტრალური ამერიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ცენტრალური ამერიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Tengah" title="Amerika Tengah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amerika Tengah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Tangah" title="Amerika Tangah – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Amerika Tangah" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng_M%C4%AB-ci%C5%AD" title="Dṳ̆ng Mī-ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng Mī-ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D0%B2_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Төв Америк – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төв Америк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80" title="ဗဟိုအမေရိက – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗဟိုအမေရိက" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centraal-Amerika" title="Centraal-Amerika – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Centraal-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB" title="中央アメリカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中央アメリカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8reca_c%C3%A8ntrale" title="Amèreca cèntrale – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Amèreca cèntrale" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentril_Merika" title="Sentril Merika – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Sentril Merika" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellom-Amerika" title="Mellom-Amerika – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mellom-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellom-Amerika" title="Mellom-Amerika – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Mellom-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9thique_Centrale" title="Améthique Centrale – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Améthique Centrale" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Centrala" title="America Centrala – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="America Centrala" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameerikaa_Giddu_Galeessaa" title="Ameerikaa Giddu Galeessaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ameerikaa Giddu Galeessaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markaziy_Amerika" title="Markaziy Amerika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Markaziy Amerika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A8%DA%BE%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="گبھلا امریکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گبھلا امریکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rika_Sentral" title="Amérika Sentral – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Amérika Sentral" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senchral_Amoerka" title="Senchral Amoerka – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Senchral Amoerka" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B" title="អាមេរិកកណ្ដាល – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អាមេរិកកណ្ដាល" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anm%C3%A9rike_chintrale" title="Anmérike chintrale – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Anmérike chintrale" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentrel_Amerika" title="Sentrel Amerika – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sentrel Amerika" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameryka_Centralna" title="Ameryka Centralna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ameryka Centralna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Central" title="América Central – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="América Central" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orayl%C4%B1q_Amerika" title="Oraylıq Amerika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oraylıq Amerika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_Central%C4%83" title="America Centrală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="America Centrală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chawpi_Awya_Yala" title="Chawpi Awya Yala – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chawpi Awya Yala" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Середня Америка – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Середня Америка" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Центральная Америка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Центральная Америка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Орто Америка – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Орто Америка" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Amelika" title="Central Amelika – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Central Amelika" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Tzentrale" title="Amèrica Tzentrale – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Amèrica Tzentrale" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Americae" title="Central Americae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Central Americae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Qendrore" title="Amerika Qendrore – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Amerika Qendrore" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_cintrali" title="Amèrica cintrali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Amèrica cintrali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="මධ්‍යම ඇමරිකාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මධ්‍යම ඇමරිකාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Central America" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stredn%C3%A1_Amerika" title="Stredná Amerika – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stredná Amerika" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medmorska_Amerika" title="Medmorska Amerika – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medmorska Amerika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyntraln%C5%8F_Ameryka" title="Cyntralnŏ Ameryka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cyntralnŏ Ameryka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartamaha_Ameerika" title="Bartamaha Ameerika – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bartamaha Ameerika" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="ئەمریکای ناوەندی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەمریکای ناوەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Централна Америка – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Централна Америка" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralna_Amerika" title="Centralna Amerika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Centralna Amerika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keski-Amerikka" title="Keski-Amerikka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Keski-Amerikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralamerika" title="Centralamerika – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Centralamerika" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitnang_Amerika" title="Gitnang Amerika – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gitnang Amerika" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="நடு அமெரிக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நடு அமெரிக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamrikt_Talemmast" title="Tamrikt Talemmast – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamrikt Talemmast" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%B7%D3%99%D0%BA_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Үзәк Америка – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үзәк Америка" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="อเมริกากลาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อเมริกากลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D3%A3" title="Амрикои Марказӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Амрикои Марказӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_Amerika" title="Orta Amerika – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Orta Amerika" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_A%CC%B1ka%CC%B1wa%CC%B1tyia%CC%B1" title="Amerika A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱ – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Amerika A̱ka̱wa̱tyia̱" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Шор Америка – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Шор Америка" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Центральна Америка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Центральна Америка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="وسطی امریکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وسطی امریکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AA%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%83%D8%A7" title="ئوتتۇرا ئامېرىكا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوتتۇرا ئامېرىكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Sentra%C5%82e" title="Amèrica Sentrałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Amèrica Sentrałe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_M%E1%BB%B9" title="Trung Mỹ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Mỹ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesk-Ameeriga" title="Kesk-Ameeriga – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kesk-Ameeriga" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AEtrinne_Amerike" title="Mîtrinne Amerike – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Mîtrinne Amerike" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centroal-Amerika" title="Centroal-Amerika – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Centroal-Amerika" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butnga_nga_Amerika" title="Butnga nga Amerika – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Butnga nga Amerika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diggu_Aamerig" title="Diggu Aamerig – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Diggu Aamerig" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中美洲" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A2" title="צענטראל-אמעריקע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="צענטראל-אמעריקע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rin_Am%E1%BA%B9%CC%81r%C3%ADk%C3%A0" title="Àrin Amẹ́ríkà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àrin Amẹ́ríkà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中美洲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Miyan%C3%AAne" title="Amerika Miyanêne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Amerika Miyanêne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centraol-Amerika" title="Centraol-Amerika – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Centraol-Amerika" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%97ntr%C4%97n%C4%97_Amer%C4%97ka" title="Cėntrėnė Amerėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Cėntrėnė Amerėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="中美洲 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中美洲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Tonga" title="Amerika Tonga – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Amerika Tonga" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirika_Hongkod" title="Amirika Hongkod – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Amirika Hongkod" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⵔⵉⴽⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27611#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Central_America" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Central_America"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Central_America"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Central_America" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Central_America" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&oldid=1276087014" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Central_America&id=1276087014&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCentral_America"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCentral_America"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Central_America&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Central_America" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Central_America" hreflang="en"><span>Wikinews</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Category:Central_Americans" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Central_America" hreflang="en"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27611" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subregion of North America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Central_America_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Central America (disambiguation)">Central America (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America (Americas)</a> or <a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central United States</a>.</span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Central America</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_America_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">523,780 km<sup>2</sup> (202,230 sq mi)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 52,700,000 (2023)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population density</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002100614761922944♠"></span>100.6/km<sup>2</sup> (260.6/sq mi) (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">$738.8 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP (nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">$362.62 billion (<a href="/wiki/Exchange_rate" title="Exchange rate">exchange rate</a>) (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">GDP per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">$6,880 (exchange rate) (2023)<br />$14,019 (<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>) (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Central American<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dependencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg/35px-Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg/45px-Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>) <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Spanish" title="Central American Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskito_language" title="Miskito language">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_language" title="Garifuna language">Garifuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belizean_Creole" title="Belizean Creole">Kriol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonese_Creole" title="Limonese Creole">Mekatelyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskito_Coast_Creole" title="Miskito Coast Creole">Nicaraguan Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_languages" title="Mesoamerican languages">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zones</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> to <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Sula" title="San Pedro Sula">San Pedro Sula</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Miguelito_District" title="San Miguelito District">San Miguelito</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_El_Salvador" title="Santa Ana, El Salvador">Santa Ana</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador" title="San Miguel, El Salvador">San Miguel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UN_M49" title="UN M49">UN M49</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>013</code> – Central America<br /><code>419</code> – <a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a><br /><code>019</code> – <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a><br /><code>001</code> – <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">World</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central America</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central America"><img alt="Central America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg/209px-Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg" decoding="async" width="209" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg/314px-Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg/418px-Envisat_image_of_Central_America_ESA238704.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Countries</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Spanish" title="Central American Spanish">Central American Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine#North_America" title="Latin American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American music">Music</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Ethnic groups</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Central_America" title="Ethnic groups in Central America">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_peoples#Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous peoples">List of indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_by_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#Mesoamerica_and_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas">Visual arts by indigenous peoples</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Religion</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Central_America" title="Anglican Church in Central America">Anglican Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in Central America">Bahá'í Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_America" title="Buddhism in Central America">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_America" title="Catholic Church in North America">Roman Catholicism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Sport</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Games" title="Central American Games">Central American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Football_Union" title="Central American Football Union">Football Union</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>By country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belize" title="Culture of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Costa_Rica" title="Culture of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Salvador" title="Culture of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guatemala" title="Culture of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Honduras" title="Culture of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nicaragua" title="Culture of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Panama" title="Culture of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Demographics">Demographics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>By country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Belize" title="Demographics of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Costa_Rica" title="Demographics of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_El_Salvador" title="Demographics of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Guatemala" title="Demographics of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Honduras" title="Demographics of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nicaragua" title="Demographics of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Panama" title="Demographics of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Economy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>By country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belize" title="Economy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Costa_Rica" title="Economy of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guatemala" title="Economy of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Honduras" title="Economy of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nicaragua" title="Economy of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Panama" title="Economy of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Education</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>By country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Belize" title="Education in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Costa_Rica" title="Education in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_El_Salvador" title="Education in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Guatemala" title="Education in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Honduras" title="Education in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nicaragua" title="Education in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Panama" title="Education in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Environment</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_America_bioregion" title="Central America bioregion">Bioregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Central_America" title="Deforestation in Central America">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Central_America" title="List of mammals of Central America">List of mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_dry_forests" title="Central American dry forests">Dry forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_montane_forests" title="Central American montane forests">Montane forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Central_America" title="List of mountain peaks of Central America">Mountain peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_pine%E2%80%93oak_forests" title="Central American pine–oak forests">Pine–oak forests</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Central_America" title="History of Central America">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_crisis" title="Central American crisis">Central American crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" title="Central America under Mexican rule">Mexican rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="List of heads of state of the Federal Republic of Central America">Heads of state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Greater Republic of Central America">Greater Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade#Central_America" title="Trade">Trade</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>By country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize" title="History of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Costa_Rica" title="History of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador" title="History of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guatemala" title="History of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Honduras" title="History of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nicaragua" title="History of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Panama" title="History of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography">Geography</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Central_America)" title="Central Highlands (Central America)">Central Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Central_America" title="List of largest cities in Central America">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_America#Central_American_geology" title="North America">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Central_America" title="List of mountain peaks of Central America">Mountains</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_summits_of_Central_America" title="List of extreme summits of Central America">Extreme summits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of Central America">Ultra-prominent summits</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of rivers of Central America and the Caribbean">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America_Volcanic_Arc" title="Central America Volcanic Arc">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_Trench" title="Middle America Trench">Middle America Trench</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>By country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belize" title="Geography of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Costa_Rica" title="Geography of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guatemala" title="Geography of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Honduras" title="Geography of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nicaragua" title="Geography of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Panama" title="Geography of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Politics">Politics</a> and government</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Integration System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Parliament</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Elections by country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Belize" title="Elections in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Costa_Rica" title="Elections in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_El_Salvador" title="Elections in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guatemala" title="Elections in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Honduras" title="Elections in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nicaragua" title="Elections in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Panama" title="Elections in Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>Foreign relations by country</b></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Belize" title="Foreign relations of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Costa_Rica" title="Foreign relations of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_El_Salvador" title="Foreign relations of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Guatemala" title="Foreign relations of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Honduras" title="Foreign relations of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nicaragua" title="Foreign relations of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Panama" title="Foreign relations of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> <hr /></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Transportation</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Central_America" title="List of the busiest airports in Central America">List of busiest airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_airlines_in_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of largest airlines in Central America and the Caribbean">List of largest airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Central_America" title="Rail transport in Central America">Rail transport</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Central_America%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Central America–related articles">Index of articles</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas_(terminology)" title="Americas (terminology)">Americas (terminology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">Central Time Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_America_series" title="Template:Central America series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_America_series" title="Template talk:Central America series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_America_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central America series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Central America</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregion</a> of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> to the southeast, the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> to the east, and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> to the southwest. Central America is usually defined as consisting of seven countries: <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>. Within Central America is the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerican</a> <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspot</a>, which extends from southern Mexico to southeastern Panama. Due to the presence of several <a href="/wiki/Active_fault" title="Active fault">active geologic faults</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_America_Volcanic_Arc" title="Central America Volcanic Arc">Central America Volcanic Arc</a>, there is a high amount of seismic activity in the region, such as <a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">volcanic eruptions</a> and earthquakes, which has resulted in death, injury, and property damage. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">pre-Columbian era</a>, Central America was inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica</a> to the north and west and the <a href="/wiki/Isthmo-Colombian_Area" title="Isthmo-Colombian Area">Isthmo-Colombian</a> peoples to the south and east. Following the Spanish expedition of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>' voyages to the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, Spain began to <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">colonize the Americas</a>. From 1609 to 1821, the majority of Central American territories (except for what would become Belize and Panama, and including the modern Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>) were governed by the viceroyalty of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a>. On 24 August 1821, Spanish Viceroy <a href="/wiki/Juan_O%27Donoj%C3%BA" title="Juan O'Donojú">Juan de O'Donojú</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Treaty of Córdoba">Treaty of Córdoba</a>, which established New Spain's independence from Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 September 1821, the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Central_America" title="Act of Independence of Central America">Act of Independence of Central America</a> was enacted to announce Central America's separation from the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> and provide for the establishment of a new <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Central American state</a>. Some of New Spain's provinces in the Central American region (i.e. what would become Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica) were annexed to the <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a>; however in 1823 they seceded from Mexico to form the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> until 1838.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1838, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua became the first of Central America's seven states to become independent countries, followed by El Salvador in 1841, Panama in 1903, and Belize in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a>, countries like Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua continue to maintain a Central American identity.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Belizeans" title="Belizeans">Belizeans</a> are usually identified as culturally <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> rather than Central American, while <a href="/wiki/Panamanians" title="Panamanians">Panamanians</a> identify themselves more broadly with their South American neighbors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Spanish-speaking countries officially include both North America and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> as a single continent, <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">América</i></span>, which is split into four subregions: North America (<a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>), Central America, South America, and <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Insular America</a> (the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Different_definitions">Different definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Different definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg/220px-Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg/330px-Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg/440px-Flag-map_of_Central_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3596" data-file-height="2718" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> are traditionally the seven Central American countries in <a href="/wiki/Political_geography" title="Political geography">political geography</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>"Central America" may mean different things to various people, based upon different contexts: </p> <ul><li>The non-official <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_the_Americas" title="United Nations geoscheme for the Americas">United Nations geoscheme for the Americas</a> defines <i>Central America</i> as all states of mainland North America south of the United States, hence grouping Mexico as part of Central America for statistics purposes, but historically and politically Mexico is considered North American.<sup id="cite_ref-UN2017_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN2017-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America</a> is usually thought to comprise <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> to the north of the 7 states of <i>Central America</i> as well as <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> to the south. Usually, the whole of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> to the northeast, and sometimes the <a href="/wiki/Guyanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyanas">Guyanas</a>, are also included. According to one source, the term "Central America" was used as a synonym for "<a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America</a>" at least as recently as 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-Augelli1962_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Augelli1962-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero-America</a> (Spanish and Portuguese speaking American countries), the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> are considered a single continent (America), and Central America is considered a <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">continent</a> comprising the seven countries south of Mexico and north of Colombia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>For the people living in the five countries, formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> there is a distinction between the Spanish language terms "América Central" and "Centroamérica". While both can be translated into English as "Central America", "América Central" is generally used to refer to the geographical area of the seven countries between <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, while "Centroamérica" is used when referring to the former members of the Federation emphasizing the shared culture and history of the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> as a rule and occasionally in Spanish and other languages, the entirety of the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a> is often included in the definition of Central America. Indeed, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> is a full member of the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Central_America" title="History of Central America">History of Central America</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerycaption">Ancient sites of Central America</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ancient footprints of Acahualinca, Nicaragua"><img alt="Ancient footprints of Acahualinca, Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg/120px-HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg/180px-HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg/240px-HuellasdeAcahualinca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_footprints_of_Acahualinca" title="Ancient footprints of Acahualinca">Ancient footprints of Acahualinca</a>, Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stone spheres of Costa Rica"><img alt="Stone spheres of Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg/120px-Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg/180px-Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg/240px-Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica._Museo_Nacional.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stone_spheres_of_Costa_Rica" title="Stone spheres of Costa Rica">Stone spheres of Costa Rica</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tazumal_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tazumal, El Salvador"><img alt="Tazumal, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tazumal_10.jpg/120px-Tazumal_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tazumal_10.jpg/180px-Tazumal_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tazumal_10.jpg/240px-Tazumal_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tazumal" title="Tazumal">Tazumal</a>, El Salvador</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tikal, Guatemala"><img alt="Tikal, Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/90px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/135px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG/180px-Tikal_Temple1_2006_08_11.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tikal" title="Tikal">Tikal</a>, Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copan, Honduras"><img alt="Copan, Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg/79px-Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg/118px-Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg/157px-Copan_HG-Treppe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2785" data-file-height="4244" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Copan" class="mw-redirect" title="Copan">Copan</a>, Honduras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Altun Ha, Belize"><img alt="Altun Ha, Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg/120px-Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg/180px-Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg/240px-Altun_Ha_Belize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Altun_Ha" title="Altun Ha">Altun Ha</a>, Belize</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg/220px-Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg/330px-Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg/440px-Carta_de_los_Estados_de_Centro-America._LOC_99466745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13349" data-file-height="11988" /></a><figcaption>Central America, 1862</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclama_de_libertad_(indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg/220px-Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg/330px-Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg/440px-Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the First Independence Movement celebration in <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a> 1811</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg/220px-Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg/330px-Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg/440px-Firma_del_Acta_de_Independencia_de_Centroam%C3%A9rica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="497" /></a><figcaption>Painting of the signing of the Declaration of Independence of Central America, Guatemala, 1821</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png/220px-Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="506" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png/330px-Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png/440px-Pr%C3%B3ceres_de_la_independencia_Centroam%C3%A9rica.png 2x" data-file-width="1517" data-file-height="3489" /></a><figcaption>Heroes of Central American Independence</figcaption></figure><p> Central America was formed more than 3 million years ago, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a>, when its portion of land connected each side of water. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Columbian_era" title="Pre-Columbian era">Pre-Columbian era</a>, the northern areas of Central America were inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous</a> peoples of <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a>. Most notable among these were the <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Mayans</a>, who had built numerous cities throughout the region, and the <a href="/wiki/Aztec" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztec">Aztecs</a>, who had created a vast empire. The pre-Columbian cultures of eastern El Salvador, eastern Honduras, Caribbean Nicaragua, most of Costa Rica and Panama were predominantly speakers of the <a href="/wiki/Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan languages</a> at the time of European contact and are considered by some<sup id="cite_ref-Hoopes&Fonseca2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoopes&Fonseca2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> culturally different and grouped in the <a href="/wiki/Isthmo-Colombian_Area" title="Isthmo-Colombian Area">Isthmo-Colombian Area</a>. </p><p>Following the Spanish expedition of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>'s voyages to the Americas, the Spanish sent many expeditions to the region, and they began their conquest of <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya territory</a> in 1523. Soon after the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">conquest of the Aztec Empire</a>, Spanish <a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">conquistador</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a> commenced the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">conquest of northern Central America</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. Beginning with his arrival in <a href="/wiki/Soconusco" title="Soconusco">Soconusco</a> in 1523, Alvarado's forces systematically conquered and subjugated most of the major Maya kingdoms, including the <a href="/wiki/K%27iche%27_Kingdom_of_Q%27umarkaj" class="mw-redirect" title="K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj">K'iche'</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tz%27utujil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tz'utujil people">Tz'utujil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kaqchikel_people" title="Kaqchikel people">Kaqchikel</a>. By 1528, the conquest of Guatemala was nearly complete, with only the <a href="/wiki/Pet%C3%A9n_Basin" title="Petén Basin">Petén Basin</a> remaining outside the Spanish sphere of influence. The last independent Maya kingdoms – the <a href="/wiki/Kowoj" title="Kowoj">Kowoj</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Itza_people" title="Itza people">Itza people</a> – were finally defeated in 1697, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Spanish conquest of Petén</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1538, Spain established the <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama#First_installation" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Real Audiencia of Panama</a>, which had jurisdiction over all land from the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Magellan" title="Strait of Magellan">Strait of Magellan</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a>. This entity was dissolved in 1543, and most of the territory within Central America then fell under the jurisdiction of the <i><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Guatemala" title="Real Audiencia of Guatemala">Audiencia Real de Guatemala</a></i>. This area included the current territories of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>, but excluded the lands that would become Belize and Panama. The president of the Audiencia, which had its seat in <a href="/wiki/Antigua_Guatemala" title="Antigua Guatemala">Antigua Guatemala</a>, was the governor of the entire area. In 1609 the area became a <a href="/wiki/Captaincies_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Captaincies of the Spanish Empire">captaincy general</a> and the governor was also granted the title of captain general. The <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a> encompassed most of Central America, with the exception of <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">present-day Belize</a> and Panama. </p><p>The Captaincy General of Guatemala lasted for more than two centuries, but began to fray after a <a href="/wiki/1811_Independence_Movement" title="1811 Independence Movement">rebellion in 1811</a> which began in the <a href="/wiki/Intendancy_of_San_Salvador" title="Intendancy of San Salvador">Intendancy of San Salvador</a>. The Captaincy General formally ended on 15 September 1821, with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Central_America" title="Act of Independence of Central America">Act of Independence of Central America</a>. Mexican independence was achieved at virtually the same time with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" title="Treaty of Córdoba">Treaty of Córdoba</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Mexican_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire">Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire</a>, and the entire region was finally independent from Spanish authority by 28 September 1821. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg/220px-Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="394" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg/330px-Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg/440px-Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce_de_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Arce" title="Manuel José Arce">Manuel José Arce</a>; decorated <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran">Salvadoran</a> General and president of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> from 1825 to 1829</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salcoatit%C3%A1n,_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_(9).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Salcoatit%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/220px-Salcoatit%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Salcoatit%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/330px-Salcoatit%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Salcoatit%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg/440px-Salcoatit%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio_%289%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The five rowed volcanos in the coat of arms of Central America was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Apaneca" title="Cordillera de Apaneca">Cordillera de Apaneca</a> volcanic range of El Salvador, visible from the city of <a href="/wiki/Sonsonate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonsonate">Sonsonate</a>, which became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> in 1834.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg/220px-Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg/330px-Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg/440px-Unidas_Del_Centro_de_America_Provincias_Plaque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Monument honoring the emblem of the United Provinces of Central America</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png/220px-Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png/330px-Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png/440px-Bandera_Militar_de_las_Provincias_Unidas_del_Centro_de_Am%C3%A9rica.png 2x" data-file-width="1237" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The historic military flag of the United Provinces of Central America with the national motto (God. Union. Liberty.) and the National Battalion initials (B.N.) in golden amber color</figcaption></figure> <p>From its independence from Spain in 1821 until 1823, the former Captaincy General <a href="/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" title="Central America under Mexican rule">remained intact as part</a> of the short-lived <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide" title="Agustín de Iturbide">Emperor of Mexico</a> abdicated on 19 March 1823, Central America again became independent. On 1 July 1823, the Congress of Central America peacefully seceded from Mexico and declared absolute independence from all foreign nations, and the region formed the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Federal Republic of Central America, initially known as the United Provinces of Central America, was a sovereign state that existed from 1823 to 1840. It was composed of five states: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The federation was established after these regions declared independence from Spain in 1821 and briefly joined the Mexican Empire before breaking away to form their own union. The republic adopted a constitution in 1824, which was inspired by the federal system of the United States. It provided for a federal capital, initially located in Guatemala City, and a president for each of the five constituent states. The constitution abolished slavery and maintained the privileges of the Roman Catholic Church, while restricting suffrage to the upper classes. <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory that now makes up Belize was heavily contested in a dispute that continued for decades after Guatemala achieved independence. Spain, and later Guatemala, considered this land a <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Guatemala" title="Departments of Guatemala">Guatemalan department</a>. In 1862, Britain formally declared it a British colony and named it <a href="/wiki/British_Honduras" title="British Honduras">British Honduras</a>. It became independent as Belize in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panama, situated in the southernmost part of Central America on the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Panama" title="Isthmus of Panama">Isthmus of Panama</a>, has for most of its history been culturally and politically linked to South America. Panama was part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Tierra_Firme" title="Province of Tierra Firme">Province of Tierra Firme</a> from 1510 until 1538 when it came under the jurisdiction of the newly formed <i>Audiencia Real de Panama</i>. Beginning in 1543, Panama was administered as part of the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Viceroyalty of Peru</a>, along with all other Spanish possessions in South America. Panama remained as part of the Viceroyalty of Peru until 1739, when it was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">Viceroyalty of New Granada</a>, the capital of which was located at <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Santa Fé de Bogotá</a>. Panama remained as part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada until the disestablishment of that viceroyalty in 1819. A series of <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvar%27s_campaign_to_liberate_New_Granada" title="Bolívar's campaign to liberate New Granada">military and political struggles</a> took place from that time until 1822, the result of which produced the republic of <a href="/wiki/Gran_Colombia" title="Gran Colombia">Gran Colombia</a>. After the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830, Panama became part of a successor state, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_New_Granada" title="Republic of New Granada">Republic of New Granada</a>. From 1855 until 1886, Panama existed as <a href="/wiki/Panama_State" title="Panama State">Panama State</a>, first within the Republic of New Granada, then within the <a href="/wiki/Granadine_Confederation" title="Granadine Confederation">Granadine Confederation</a>, and finally within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Colombia" title="United States of Colombia">United States of Colombia</a>. The United States of Colombia was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Republic of Colombia</a> in 1886. As part of the Republic of Colombia, Panama State was abolished and it became the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_Department" title="Isthmus Department">Isthmus Department</a>. Despite the many political reorganizations, Colombia was still deeply plagued by conflict, which eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_Panama_from_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Separation of Panama from Colombia">secession of Panama</a> on 3 November 1903. Only after that time did some begin to regard Panama as a North or Central American entity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the 1930s the <a href="/wiki/United_Fruit_Company" title="United Fruit Company">United Fruit Company</a> owned 14,000 square kilometres (3.5 million acres) of land in Central America and the Caribbean and was the single largest land owner in Guatemala. Such holdings gave it great power over the governments of small countries. That was one of the factors that led to the coining of the phrase <a href="/wiki/Banana_republic" title="Banana republic">banana republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After more than two hundred years of social unrest, violent conflict, and revolution, Central America today remains in a period of political transformation. Poverty, social injustice, and violence are still widespread.<sup id="cite_ref-Argueta2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Argueta2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicaragua is the second poorest country in the western hemisphere, after Haiti.<sup id="cite_ref-ticotimes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ticotimes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flags_of_modern_Central_America">Flags of modern Central America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Flags of modern Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guatemala.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/120px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/180px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/240px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/120px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/180px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/240px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Honduras.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/120px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/180px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/240px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/120px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/180px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/240px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/120px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/180px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/240px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Panama.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/120px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/180px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/240px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belize.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/120px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/180px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/240px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coats_of_arms_of_modern_Central_America">Coats of arms of modern Central America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Coats of arms of modern Central America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guatemala"><img alt="Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="826" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="El Salvador"><img alt="El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="571" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/101px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/152px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg/203px-Coat_of_arms_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="710" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Costa Rica"><img alt="Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/110px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/164px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg/219px-Coat_of_arms_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="905" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/109px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/163px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg/217px-Coat_of_arms_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg/240px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belize" title="Geography of Belize">Geography of Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Costa_Rica" title="Geography of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guatemala" title="Geography of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Honduras" title="Geography of Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nicaragua" title="Geography of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Panama" title="Geography of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">List of islands of Central America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_Central_America" title="List of mountain peaks of Central America">List of mountain peaks of Central America</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Central_America.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_of_Central_America.png/220px-Map_of_Central_America.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_of_Central_America.png/330px-Map_of_Central_America.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Map_of_Central_America.png/440px-Map_of_Central_America.png 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption>The seven countries of Central America and their capitals</figcaption></figure> <p>Central America is a part of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> consisting of a tapering isthmus running from the southern extent of Mexico to the northwestern portion of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. Central America has the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, a body of water within the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, to the north; the Caribbean Sea, also part of the Atlantic Ocean, to the northeast; and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Some <a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">physiographists</a> define the <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Tehuantepec" title="Isthmus of Tehuantepec">Isthmus of Tehuantepec</a> as the northern geographic border of Central America,<sup id="cite_ref-MW_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MW-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while others use the northwestern borders of Belize and Guatemala. From there, the Central American land mass extends southeastward to the <a href="/wiki/Atrato_River" title="Atrato River">Atrato River</a>, where it connects to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific/Choc%C3%B3_natural_region" title="Pacific/Chocó natural region">Pacific Lowlands</a> in northwestern South America. </p><p>Central America has over 70 active volcanoes, 41 which are located in El Salvador, and Guatemala.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The volcano with the most activity in Central America is <a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(volcano)" title="Santa María (volcano)">Santa María</a>. Still experiencing frequent eruptions to this day, with the last one beginning in 2013, and still is going on to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the many mountain ranges within Central America, the longest are the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas">Sierra Madre de Chiapas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Isabelia" title="Cordillera Isabelia">Cordillera Isabelia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Talamanca" title="Cordillera de Talamanca">Cordillera de Talamanca</a>. At 4,220 meters (13,850 ft), <a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Tajumulco" title="Volcán Tajumulco">Volcán Tajumulco</a> is the highest peak in Central America. Other high points of Central America are as listed in the table below: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <caption>High points in Central America </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Elevation </th> <th>Range </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Doyle%27s_Delight" title="Doyle's Delight">Doyle's Delight</a> </td> <td>1,124 m (3,688 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maya_Mountains" title="Maya Mountains">Maya Mountains</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Chirrip%C3%B3" title="Cerro Chirripó">Cerro Chirripó</a> </td> <td>3,820 m (12,530 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Talamanca" title="Cordillera de Talamanca">Cordillera de Talamanca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerro_El_Pital" title="Cerro El Pital">Cerro El Pital</a> </td> <td>2,730 m (8,960 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas">Sierra Madre de Chiapas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Tajumulco" title="Volcán Tajumulco">Volcán Tajumulco</a> </td> <td>4,220 m (13,850 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas">Sierra Madre de Chiapas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Las_Minas" title="Cerro Las Minas">Cerro Las Minas</a> </td> <td>2,780 m (9,120 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas">Sierra Madre de Chiapas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mogot%C3%B3n" title="Mogotón">Mogotón</a> </td> <td>2,107 m (6,913 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Isabelia" title="Cordillera Isabelia">Cordillera Isabelia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Bar%C3%BA" title="Volcán Barú">Volcán Barú</a> </td> <td>3,474 m (11,398 ft) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Talamanca" title="Cordillera de Talamanca">Cordillera de Talamanca</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CAmerica.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/CAmerica.gif/220px-CAmerica.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/CAmerica.gif/330px-CAmerica.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/CAmerica.gif/440px-CAmerica.gif 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1350" /></a><figcaption>Central America geography</figcaption></figure> <p>Between the mountain ranges lie fertile valleys that are suitable for the raising of livestock and for the production of coffee, tobacco, beans and other crops. Most of the population of Honduras, Costa Rica and Guatemala lives in valleys.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">Trade winds</a> have a significant effect upon the climate of Central America. Temperatures in Central America are highest just prior to the <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">summer wet season</a>, and are lowest during the <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">winter dry season</a>, when trade winds contribute to a cooler climate. The highest temperatures occur in April, due to higher levels of sunlight, lower cloud cover and a decrease in trade winds.<sup id="cite_ref-Oliver2005_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliver2005-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Central_America_bioregion" title="Central America bioregion">Central America bioregion</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_American_forests">Central American forests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Central American forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Forest_canopy_in_Belize_(5344010084).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize"><img alt="Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forest_canopy_in_Belize_%285344010084%29.jpg/120px-Forest_canopy_in_Belize_%285344010084%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forest_canopy_in_Belize_%285344010084%29.jpg/180px-Forest_canopy_in_Belize_%285344010084%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Forest_canopy_in_Belize_%285344010084%29.jpg/240px-Forest_canopy_in_Belize_%285344010084%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chiquibul Forest Reserve, Belize</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Montecristo National Park, El Salvador"><img alt="Montecristo National Park, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg/120px-Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg/180px-Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg/240px-Zona_de_Acampar_Parque_Montecristo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4708" data-file-height="2095" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Montecristo_National_Park" title="Montecristo National Park">Montecristo National Park</a>, El Salvador</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maderas forest, Nicaragua"><img alt="Maderas forest, Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg/120px-Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg/180px-Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg/240px-Altagracia_Volcan_Maderas_Bosque_Nuboso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maderas" title="Maderas">Maderas</a> forest, Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Texiguat Wildlife Refuge Honduras"><img alt="Texiguat Wildlife Refuge Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg/75px-Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg/113px-Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg/150px-Small_seepage_pond_near_the_top_of_Cerro_El_Chino_-_ZooKeys-298-077-g004B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Texiguat Wildlife Refuge Honduras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Monteverde_bosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica."><img alt="Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monteverde_bosque.jpg/120px-Monteverde_bosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monteverde_bosque.jpg/180px-Monteverde_bosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Monteverde_bosque.jpg/240px-Monteverde_bosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Monteverde_Cloud_Forest_Reserve" title="Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve">Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve</a>, Costa Rica.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parque Internacional la Amistad, Panama"><img alt="Parque Internacional la Amistad, Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg/120px-DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg/180px-DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg/240px-DirkvdM_cloudforest-jungle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Parque_Internacional_la_Amistad" class="mw-redirect" title="Parque Internacional la Amistad">Parque Internacional la Amistad</a>, Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Petén–Veracruz moist forests, Guatemala"><img alt="Petén–Veracruz moist forests, Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg/120px-Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg/180px-Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg/240px-Rain_forest_of_Pet%C3%A9n_in_Guatemala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pet%C3%A9n%E2%80%93Veracruz_moist_forests" title="Petén–Veracruz moist forests">Petén–Veracruz moist forests</a>, Guatemala</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando,_Moraz%C3%A1n,_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando%2C_Moraz%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg/170px-El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando%2C_Moraz%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando%2C_Moraz%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg/255px-El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando%2C_Moraz%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando%2C_Moraz%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg/340px-El_Chorrer%C3%B3n_en_San_Fernando%2C_Moraz%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>El Chorreron in El Salvador</figcaption></figure> <p>Central America is part of the Mesoamerican <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspot</a>, boasting 7% of the world's <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webng_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webng-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Flyway" title="Pacific Flyway">Pacific Flyway</a> is a major north–south <a href="/wiki/Flyway" title="Flyway">flyway</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory birds</a> in the Americas, extending from <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> to <a href="/wiki/Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Tierra del Fuego">Tierra del Fuego</a>. Due to the funnel-like shape of its land mass, migratory birds can be seen in very high concentrations in Central America, especially in the spring and autumn. As a bridge between North America and South America, Central America has many species from the <a href="/wiki/Nearctic_realm" title="Nearctic realm">Nearctic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Neotropical_realm" title="Neotropical realm">Neotropical realms</a>. However the southern countries (Costa Rica and Panama) of the region have more biodiversity than the northern countries (Guatemala and Belize), meanwhile the central countries (Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador) have the least biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-webng_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webng-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The table below shows recent statistics: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <caption>Biodiversity in Central America (numbers of different species of terrestrial vertebrate animals and vascular plants) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Amphibian<br />species </th> <th>Bird<br />species </th> <th>Mammal<br />species </th> <th>Reptile<br />species </th> <th>Total terrestrial<br />vertebrate species </th> <th>Vascular plants<br />species </th> <th>Biodiversity </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belize<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayB_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayB-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">46 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">544 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">147 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">140 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">877 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2894 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3771 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Costa Rica<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayCR_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayCR-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">183 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">838 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">232 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">258 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1511 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">12119 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">13630 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">El Salvador<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayES_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayES-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">434 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">137 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">106 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">707 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2911 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3618 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Guatemala<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayG_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayG-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">133 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">684 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">193 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">236 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1246 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8681 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9927 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Honduras<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayH_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayH-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">101 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">699 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">201 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">213 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1214 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5680 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">6894 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Nicaragua<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayN_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayN-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">61 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">632 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">181 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">178 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1052 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">7590 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">8642 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Panama<sup id="cite_ref-MongabayP_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MongabayP-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">182 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">904 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">241 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">242 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">1569 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">9915 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">11484 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Over 300 species of the region's flora and fauna are threatened, 107 of which are classified as critically endangered. The underlying problems are <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, which is estimated by <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> at 1.2% per year in Central America and Mexico combined, <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">fragmentation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforests</a> and the fact that 80% of the vegetation in Central America has already been converted to agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Harvey2008_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harvey2008-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efforts to protect fauna and flora in the region are made by creating <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a> and nature reserves. 36% of Belize's land territory falls under some form of official protected status, giving Belize one of the most extensive systems of terrestrial protected areas in the Americas. In addition, 13% of Belize's marine territory are also protected.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramos2010_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramos2010-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large coral reef extends from Mexico to Honduras: the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Barrier_Reef_System" title="Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System">Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Belize_Barrier_Reef" title="Belize Barrier Reef">Belize Barrier Reef</a> is part of this. The Belize Barrier Reef is home to a large diversity of plants and animals, and is one of the most diverse <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> of the world. It is home to 70 hard coral species, 36 <a href="/wiki/Alcyonacea" title="Alcyonacea">soft coral</a> species, 500 species of fish and hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrate</a> species. So far only about 10% of the species in the Belize barrier reef have been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-westminster_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-westminster-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_flowers">National flowers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: National flowers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lycaste skinneri, Guatemala"><img alt="Lycaste skinneri, Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg/120px-Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg/180px-Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg/240px-Lycaste_virginalis_forma_Alba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Lycaste_skinneri" title="Lycaste skinneri">Lycaste skinneri</a></i>, Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_(7625319272).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Izote flower, El Salvador"><img alt="Izote flower, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_%287625319272%29.jpg/90px-Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_%287625319272%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_%287625319272%29.jpg/135px-Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_%287625319272%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_%287625319272%29.jpg/180px-Yucca_-_%E2%80%98Daga_espa%C3%B1ola%E2%80%99_%287625319272%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Yucca_gigantea" title="Yucca gigantea">Izote flower</a>, El Salvador</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_(16395522643).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rhyncholaelia digbyana, Honduras"><img alt="Rhyncholaelia digbyana, Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_%2816395522643%29.jpg/120px-Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_%2816395522643%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_%2816395522643%29.jpg/180px-Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_%2816395522643%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_%2816395522643%29.jpg/240px-Rhyncholaelia_digbyana_%2816395522643%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Rhyncholaelia_digbyana" title="Rhyncholaelia digbyana">Rhyncholaelia digbyana</a></i>, Honduras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frangipani_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plumeria, Nicaragua"><img alt="Plumeria, Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Frangipani_flower.jpg/120px-Frangipani_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Frangipani_flower.jpg/180px-Frangipani_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Frangipani_flower.jpg/240px-Frangipani_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Plumeria" title="Plumeria">Plumeria</a></i>, Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guarianthe skinneri, Costa Rica"><img alt="Guarianthe skinneri, Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg/120px-A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg/180px-A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg/240px-A_and_B_Larsen_orchids_-_Cattleya_skinneri_574-24.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="1204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Guarianthe_skinneri" title="Guarianthe skinneri">Guarianthe skinneri</a></i>, Costa Rica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Peristeria elata, Panama"><img alt="Peristeria elata, Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg/120px-Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg/180px-Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg/240px-Peristeria_elata_Orchi_11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Peristeria_elata" title="Peristeria elata">Peristeria elata</a></i>, Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prosthechea cochleata, Belize"><img alt="Prosthechea cochleata, Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg/120px-Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg/180px-Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg/240px-Encyclia_cochleata_-_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Prosthechea_cochleata" title="Prosthechea cochleata">Prosthechea cochleata</a></i>, Belize</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_trees">National trees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: National trees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Costa Rica"><img alt="Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg/120px-Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg/180px-Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg/240px-Enterolobium_cyclocarpum_in_Guanacaste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2865" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Enterolobium_cyclocarpum" title="Enterolobium cyclocarpum">Enterolobium cyclocarpum</a></i>, Costa Rica </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tabebuia rosea, El Salvador"><img alt="Tabebuia rosea, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg/120px-Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg/180px-Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg/240px-Maquilishuat_en_flor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tabebuia_rosea" title="Tabebuia rosea">Tabebuia rosea</a></i>, El Salvador </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Sterculia apetala, Panama"><img alt="Sterculia apetala, Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG/120px-%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG/180px-%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG/240px-%C3%81rbol_Panam%C3%A1_-_Sterculia_apetala_-_%C3%81rbol_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3833" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Sterculia_apetala" title="Sterculia apetala">Sterculia apetala</a></i>, Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinus_oocarpa,_San_Rafael_del_Norte,_Nicaragua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pinus oocarpa, Honduras"><img alt="Pinus oocarpa, Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pinus_oocarpa%2C_San_Rafael_del_Norte%2C_Nicaragua.jpg/94px-Pinus_oocarpa%2C_San_Rafael_del_Norte%2C_Nicaragua.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pinus_oocarpa%2C_San_Rafael_del_Norte%2C_Nicaragua.jpg/141px-Pinus_oocarpa%2C_San_Rafael_del_Norte%2C_Nicaragua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pinus_oocarpa%2C_San_Rafael_del_Norte%2C_Nicaragua.jpg/187px-Pinus_oocarpa%2C_San_Rafael_del_Norte%2C_Nicaragua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_oocarpa" title="Pinus oocarpa">Pinus oocarpa</a></i>, Honduras </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Calycophyllum candidissimum, Nicaragua"><img alt="Calycophyllum candidissimum, Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg/90px-Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg/135px-Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg/180px-Calycophyllum_candidissimum_in_Managua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Calycophyllum_candidissimum" title="Calycophyllum candidissimum">Calycophyllum candidissimum</a></i>, Nicaragua </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Swietenia macrophylla, Belize"><img alt="Swietenia macrophylla, Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg/90px-A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg/135px-A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg/180px-A_big_Mahogany_tree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Swietenia_macrophylla" title="Swietenia macrophylla">Swietenia macrophylla</a></i>, Belize </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceiba,_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceiba, Guatemala"><img alt="Ceiba, Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ceiba%2C_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG/120px-Ceiba%2C_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ceiba%2C_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG/180px-Ceiba%2C_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Ceiba%2C_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG/240px-Ceiba%2C_the_Maya_Tree_of_Life_Laslovarga01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ceiba" title="Ceiba">Ceiba</a></i>, Guatemala </div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg/220px-Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg/330px-Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg/440px-Costa_rica_santa_elena_skywalk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>One of the hanging bridges of the skywalk at the <a href="/wiki/Monteverde_Cloud_Forest_Reserve" title="Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve">Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monteverde,_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Monteverde, Costa Rica">Monteverde, Costa Rica</a> disappearing into the clouds</figcaption></figure> <p>From 2001 to 2010, 5,376 square kilometers (2,076 sq mi) of forest were lost in the region. In 2010 Belize had 63% of remaining forest cover, Costa Rica 46%, Panama 45%, Honduras 41%, Guatemala 37%, Nicaragua 29%, and El Salvador 21%. Most of the loss occurred in the moist forest <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">biome</a>, with 12,201 square kilometers (4,711 sq mi). Woody vegetation loss was partially set off by a gain in the coniferous forest biome with 4,730 square kilometers (1,830 sq mi), and a gain in the dry forest biome at 2,054 square kilometers (793 sq mi). Mangroves and deserts contributed only 1% to the loss in forest vegetation. The bulk of the <a href="/wiki/Deforestation_in_Central_America" title="Deforestation in Central America">deforestation</a> was located at the Caribbean slopes of Nicaragua with a loss of 8,574 square kilometers (3,310 sq mi) of forest in the period from 2001 to 2010. The most significant regrowth of 3,050 square kilometers (1,180 sq mi) of forest was seen in the coniferous woody vegetation of Honduras.<sup id="cite_ref-Redo2012_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Redo2012-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montane_forests">Montane forests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Montane forests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_American_pine-oak_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American pine-oak forests">Central American pine-oak forests</a> ecoregion, in the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_coniferous_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests">tropical and subtropical coniferous forests</a> biome, is found in Central America and southern Mexico. The Central American pine-oak forests occupy an area of 111,400 square kilometers (43,000 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-WWF0303_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF0303-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> extending along the mountainous spine of Central America, extending from the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas">Sierra Madre de Chiapas</a> in Mexico's <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a> state through the highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras to central Nicaragua. The pine-oak forests lie between 600–1,800 metres (2,000–5,900 ft) elevation,<sup id="cite_ref-WWF0303_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF0303-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are surrounded at lower elevations by <a href="/wiki/Tropical_moist_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical moist forests">tropical moist forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_dry_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical dry forests">tropical dry forests</a>. Higher elevations above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) are usually covered with <a href="/wiki/Central_American_montane_forests" title="Central American montane forests">Central American montane forests</a>. The Central American pine-oak forests are composed of many species characteristic of temperate North America including <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fir" title="Fir">fir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypress</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">Laurel forest</a> is the most common type of Central American temperate evergreen <a href="/wiki/Cloud_forest" title="Cloud forest">cloud forest</a>, found in almost all Central American countries, normally more than 1,000 meters (3,300 ft) above sea level. Tree species include <a href="/wiki/Evergreen_oak" class="mw-redirect" title="Evergreen oak">evergreen oaks</a>, members of the <a href="/wiki/Laurus" title="Laurus">laurel family</a>, species of <i><a href="/wiki/Weinmannia" title="Weinmannia">Weinmannia</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia" title="Magnolia">Magnolia</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Drimys_granadensis" title="Drimys granadensis">Drimys granadensis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF0167_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF0167-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cloud forest of <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_las_Minas" title="Sierra de las Minas">Sierra de las Minas</a>, Guatemala, is the largest in Central America. In some areas of southeastern Honduras there are cloud forests, the largest located near the border with Nicaragua. In Nicaragua, cloud forests are situated near the border with Honduras, but many were cleared to grow coffee. There are still some temperate evergreen hills in the north. The only cloud forest in the Pacific coastal zone of Central America is on the <a href="/wiki/Mombacho" title="Mombacho">Mombacho</a> volcano in Nicaragua. In Costa Rica, there are laurel forests in the Cordillera de <a href="/wiki/Tilar%C3%A1n" title="Tilarán">Tilarán</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Arenal" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcán Arenal">Volcán Arenal</a>, called <a href="/wiki/Monteverde" title="Monteverde">Monteverde</a>, also in the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_de_Talamanca" title="Cordillera de Talamanca">Cordillera de Talamanca</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_American_montane_forests" title="Central American montane forests">Central American montane forests</a> are an ecoregion of the <a href="/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests" title="Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests">tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests</a> biome, as defined by the <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF0112_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF0112-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These forests are of the moist deciduous and the semi-evergreen seasonal subtype of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and receive high overall rainfall with a warm summer <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet season</a> and a cooler winter dry season. Central American montane forests consist of forest patches located at altitudes ranging from 1,800–4,000 metres (5,900–13,100 ft), on the summits and slopes of the highest mountains in Central America ranging from Southern Mexico, through Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras, to northern Nicaragua. The entire ecoregion covers an area of 13,200 square kilometers (5,100 sq mi) and has a <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climate</a> with relatively high <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> levels.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF0112_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF0112-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Central_America" title="List of mammals of Central America">List of mammals of Central America</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Central_American_monkey_species" title="List of Central American monkey species">List of Central American monkey species</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_birds">National birds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: National birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Resplendent quetzal, Guatemala"><img alt="Resplendent quetzal, Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg/80px-Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg/120px-Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg/160px-Male_Resplendent_Quetzal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2692" data-file-height="4038" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Resplendent_quetzal" title="Resplendent quetzal">Resplendent quetzal</a>, Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turquoise-browed motmot, El Salvador and Nicaragua"><img alt="Turquoise-browed motmot, El Salvador and Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg/120px-Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg/180px-Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg/240px-Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="613" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Turquoise-browed_motmot" title="Turquoise-browed motmot">Turquoise-browed motmot</a>, El Salvador and Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keel-billed_toucan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Keel-billed toucan, Belize"><img alt="Keel-billed toucan, Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Keel-billed_toucan.jpg/93px-Keel-billed_toucan.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Keel-billed_toucan.jpg/140px-Keel-billed_toucan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Keel-billed_toucan.jpg/186px-Keel-billed_toucan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2332" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Keel-billed_toucan" title="Keel-billed toucan">Keel-billed toucan</a>, Belize</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scarlet-Macaw.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Scarlet macaw, Honduras"><img alt="Scarlet macaw, Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Scarlet-Macaw.jpg/120px-Scarlet-Macaw.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Scarlet-Macaw.jpg/180px-Scarlet-Macaw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Scarlet-Macaw.jpg/240px-Scarlet-Macaw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3040" data-file-height="2732" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Scarlet_macaw" title="Scarlet macaw">Scarlet macaw</a>, Honduras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clay-colored thrush, Costa Rica"><img alt="Clay-colored thrush, Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg/120px-Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg/180px-Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg/240px-Turdus_grayi_4zz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="697" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Clay-colored_thrush" title="Clay-colored thrush">Clay-colored thrush</a>, Costa Rica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Harpy_Eagle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Harpy eagle, Panama"><img alt="Harpy eagle, Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Harpy_Eagle.jpg/120px-Harpy_Eagle.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Harpy_Eagle.jpg/180px-Harpy_Eagle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Harpy_Eagle.jpg/240px-Harpy_Eagle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Harpy_eagle" title="Harpy eagle">Harpy eagle</a>, Panama</div> </li> </ul> <p>Ecoregions are not only established to protect the forests themselves but also because they are habitats for an incomparably rich and often endemic fauna. Almost half of the bird population of the <a href="/wiki/Talamancan_montane_forests" title="Talamancan montane forests">Talamancan montane forests</a> in Costa Rica and Panama are endemic to this region. Several birds are listed as threatened, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Resplendent_quetzal" title="Resplendent quetzal">resplendent quetzal</a> (<i>Pharomacrus mocinno</i>), <a href="/wiki/Three-wattled_bellbird" title="Three-wattled bellbird">three-wattled bellbird</a> (<i>Procnias tricarunculata</i>), <a href="/wiki/Bare-necked_umbrellabird" title="Bare-necked umbrellabird">bare-necked umbrellabird</a> (<i>Cephalopterus glabricollis</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Black_guan" title="Black guan">black guan</a> (<i>Chamaepetes unicolor</i>). Many of the amphibians are endemic and depend on the existence of forest. The <a href="/wiki/Golden_toad" title="Golden toad">golden toad</a> that once inhabited a small region in the Monteverde Reserve, which is part of the Talamancan montane forests, has not been seen alive since 1989 and is listed as extinct by IUCN. The exact causes for its extinction are unknown. Global warming may have played a role, because the development of that frog is typical for this area may have been compromised. Seven small mammals are endemic to the Costa Rica-Chiriqui highlands within the Talamancan montane forest region. <a href="/wiki/Jaguar" title="Jaguar">Jaguars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cougar" title="Cougar">cougars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spider_monkey" title="Spider monkey">spider monkeys</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Tapir" title="Tapir">tapirs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anteater" title="Anteater">anteaters</a> live in the woods of Central America.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF0167_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF0167-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Central_American_red_brocket" title="Central American red brocket">Central American red brocket</a> is a brocket deer found in Central America's tropical forest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/220px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/330px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/440px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Central America and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Central_America_Volcanic_Arc" title="Central America Volcanic Arc">Central America Volcanic Arc</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of earthquakes in Costa Rica">List of earthquakes in Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_El_Salvador" title="List of earthquakes in El Salvador">List of earthquakes in El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Guatemala" title="List of earthquakes in Guatemala">List of earthquakes in Guatemala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Nicaragua" title="List of earthquakes in Nicaragua">List of earthquakes in Nicaragua</a></div> <div class="thumb tright" style=""><div class="thumbinner" style="width:-moz-fit-content; width:fit-content;"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines" style="max-width: 358px;line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerycaption">Central American Geology</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coatepeque Caldera, El Salvador"><img alt="Coatepeque Caldera, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg/170px-Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg/255px-Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg/340px-Lago_de_coatepeque_de_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Coatepeque_Caldera" title="Coatepeque Caldera">Coatepeque Caldera</a>, El Salvador</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_(3746396035).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Atitlán, Guatemala"><img alt="Lake Atitlán, Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_%283746396035%29.jpg/170px-Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_%283746396035%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_%283746396035%29.jpg/255px-Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_%283746396035%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_%283746396035%29.jpg/340px-Atitlan_Lake_and_Volcanoes_%283746396035%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4244" data-file-height="3244" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Atitl%C3%A1n" title="Lake Atitlán">Lake Atitlán</a>, Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mombacho.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mombacho, Nicaragua"><img alt="Mombacho, Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mombacho.JPG/170px-Mombacho.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mombacho.JPG/255px-Mombacho.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Mombacho.JPG/340px-Mombacho.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mombacho" title="Mombacho">Mombacho</a>, Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica"><img alt="Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG/170px-Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG/255px-Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG/340px-Arenal_Volcano_in_Costa_Rica.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arenal_Volcano" title="Arenal Volcano">Arenal Volcano</a>, Costa Rica</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p>Central America is geologically very active, with <a href="/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions" title="Types of volcanic eruptions">volcanic eruptions</a> and earthquakes occurring frequently, and <a href="/wiki/Tsunami" title="Tsunami">tsunamis</a> occurring occasionally. Many thousands of people have died as a result of these natural disasters. </p><p>Most of Central America rests atop the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plate</a> converges with the <a href="/wiki/Cocos_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocos Plate">Cocos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazca_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca Plate">Nazca</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_American_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Plate">North American</a> plates to form the <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_Trench" title="Middle America Trench">Middle America Trench</a>, a major <a href="/wiki/Subduction" title="Subduction">subduction</a> zone. The Middle America Trench is situated some 60–160 kilometers (37–99 mi) off the Pacific coast of Central America and runs roughly parallel to it. Many large earthquakes have occurred as a result of seismic activity at the Middle America Trench.<sup id="cite_ref-Astiz1987_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astiz1987-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, subduction of the Cocos Plate beneath the North American Plate at the Middle America Trench is believed to have caused the <a href="/wiki/1985_Mexico_City_earthquake" title="1985 Mexico City earthquake">1985 Mexico City earthquake</a> that killed as many as 40,000 people. Seismic activity at the Middle America Trench is also responsible for earthquakes in <a href="/wiki/1902_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1902 Guatemala earthquake">1902</a>, <a href="/wiki/1942_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1942 Guatemala earthquake">1942</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="1956 Nicaragua earthquake">1956</a>, <a href="/wiki/1982_El_Salvador_earthquake" title="1982 El Salvador earthquake">1982</a>, <a href="/wiki/1992_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="1992 Nicaragua earthquake">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/January_2001_El_Salvador_earthquake" title="January 2001 El Salvador earthquake">January 2001</a>, <a href="/wiki/February_2001_El_Salvador_earthquake" title="February 2001 El Salvador earthquake">February 2001</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_Guatemala_earthquake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 Guatemala earthquake (page does not exist)">2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/2012_Guatemala_earthquake" title="2012 Guatemala earthquake">2012</a>, <a href="/wiki/October_2014_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="October 2014 Nicaragua earthquake">2014</a>, and many other earthquakes throughout Central America. </p><p>The Middle America Trench is not the only source of seismic activity in Central America. The <a href="/wiki/Motagua_Fault" title="Motagua Fault">Motagua Fault</a> is an onshore continuation of the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Trough" title="Cayman Trough">Cayman Trough</a> which forms part of the tectonic boundary between the North American Plate and the Caribbean Plate. This <a href="/wiki/Transform_fault" title="Transform fault">transform fault</a> cuts right across Guatemala and then continues offshore until it merges with the Middle America Trench along the Pacific coast of Mexico, near <a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a>. Seismic activity at the Motagua Fault has been responsible for earthquakes in <a href="/wiki/1717_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1717 Guatemala earthquake">1717</a>, <a href="/wiki/1773_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1773 Guatemala earthquake">1773</a>, <a href="/wiki/1902_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1902 Guatemala earthquake">1902</a>, <a href="/wiki/1976_Guatemala_earthquake" title="1976 Guatemala earthquake">1976</a>, <a href="/wiki/1980_Honduras_earthquake" title="1980 Honduras earthquake">1980</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2009_Honduras_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Honduras earthquake">2009</a>. </p><p>Another onshore continuation of the Cayman Trough is the <a href="/wiki/Chixoy-Polochic_Fault" title="Chixoy-Polochic Fault">Chixoy-Polochic Fault</a>, which runs parallel to, and roughly 80 kilometers (50 mi) to the north, of the Motagua Fault. Though less active than the Motagua Fault, seismic activity at the Chixoy-Polochic Fault is still thought to be capable of producing very large earthquakes, such as the 1816 earthquake of Guatemala.<sup id="cite_ref-White1985_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-White1985-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a>, the capital of Nicaragua, was devastated by earthquakes in <a href="/wiki/1931_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="1931 Nicaragua earthquake">1931</a> and <a href="/wiki/1972_Nicaragua_earthquake" title="1972 Nicaragua earthquake">1972</a>. </p><p>Volcanic eruptions are also common in Central America. In 1968 the <a href="/wiki/Arenal_Volcano" title="Arenal Volcano">Arenal Volcano</a>, in Costa Rica, erupted killing 87 people as the 3 villages of Tabacon, Pueblo Nuevo and San Luis were buried under pyroclastic flows and debris. Fertile soils from weathered volcanic lava have made it possible to sustain dense populations in the agriculturally productive highland areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Central_America" title="Ethnic groups in Central America">Ethnic groups in Central America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin Americans</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Life expectancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries in the Americas by life expectancy">List of countries in the Americas by life expectancy</a></div> <p>List of countries by <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a> at birth for 2022, according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wbg_total_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbg_total-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wbg_male_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbg_male-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wbg_female_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbg_female-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tr::before{content:"";display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right;vertical-align:inherit}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-left tr::before{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.static-row-numbers-center tr::before{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header):not(.static-row-numbers-norank)::before{counter-increment:rowNumber;content:counter(rowNumber)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-text.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"No.";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers thead tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-header-hash.static-row-numbers tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{content:"#";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border:0 solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#aaaaaa}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:#c8ccd1}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-color:rgba(84,89,93,.3)}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 inset #202122}.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,.mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable) tr::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output table[border].static-row-numbers:not(.wikitable):not(.mw-datatable) tr::before{border-color:#000000}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tr::before{border:0 solid #c8ccd1}body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) thead+tbody tr:first-child:not(.static-row-header)::before,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.mw-datatable:not(.wikitable) tbody tr:not(:first-child):not(.static-row-header)::before{border-width:1px}@media all and (max-width:720px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tr::before{border-left-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable thead tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable caption+tbody tr:first-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody:first-child tr:first-child::before{border-top-width:1px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tbody tr:last-child::before,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.wikitable tfoot tr:last-child::before{border-bottom-width:1px}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245584064">@media screen{html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.4em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort{padding-right:1px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.2em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{padding-right:0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.2em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.2em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.2em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.unsortable{padding-bottom:0.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:0.9em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:0.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.ts-vertical-header.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.ts-vertical-header.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.ts-vertical-header.unsortable{padding-top:0.4em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.ts-vertical-header.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.ts-vertical-header.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.ts-vertical-header.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) th.ts-vertical-header.unsortable{padding-top:1px}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable .ts-vertical-header>div{padding-top:4px}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable:not(.wikitable) .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable:not(.wikitable) .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable:not(.wikitable) .ts-vertical-header>div{padding-bottom:4px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div{padding-top:2px}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable .ts-vertical-header>div{padding-top:0}@media(pointer:coarse){html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:center bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort{background-position:right bottom 0.5em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.6em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.headerSort,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable th.unsortable{padding-bottom:1.8em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.5em}html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers sort-under" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr class="static-row-header" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">Countries &<br />territories </th> <th colspan="4">2022 </th> <th colspan="9" style="border-left-width:2px;">Historical data </th> <th rowspan="2" style="border-left-width:2px; text-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap">recovery from</span><br /><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>:<br />2019→2022 </th></tr> <tr class="static-row-header" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <th style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;">All </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle;">Male </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle;">Female </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Difference in life expectancy for female and male">Sex gap</span> </th> <th style="border-left-width:2px; vertical-align:middle; width:4em; padding-left:1em;">2014 </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change of life expectancy from 2014 to 2019">2014<br />→2019</span> </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2019 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2019<br />→2020 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2020 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2020<br />→2021 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2021 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2021<br />→2022 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.32</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">74.76</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.04</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.27</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">78.77</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.65</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.43</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.28</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.25</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.02</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.30</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.32</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.11 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.83</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">73.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.09</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.36</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.25</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.56</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.81</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.66</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.43</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.22</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.83</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.61</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.61</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.94</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.81</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.24</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.05</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.26</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.80</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">2.04</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.84</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.78</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.56 </td></tr> <tr class="static-row-header"> <td align="center"><b>World</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;"><b>72.00</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;"><b>69.60</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;"><b>74.53</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;"><b>4.93</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;"><b>71.88</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;"><b>1.10</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>72.98</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;"><b>−0.74</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>72.24</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;"><b>−0.92</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>71.33</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;"><b>0.67</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;"><b>72.00</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;"><b>−0.98</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/23px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/35px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/46px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.47</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">66.84</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">75.81</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">8.98</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">71.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.81</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.56</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.50</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.06</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.31</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.75</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.08 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.96</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">67.72</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">74.69</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.96</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">73.31</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.62</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.93</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.08</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.85</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.38</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.49</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.96</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.97 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/23px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/35px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/46px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">68.46</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">73.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.70</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.26</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.62</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.88</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.42</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.46</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.34</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.12</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.73</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">68.67</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">65.70</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">71.75</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.06</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">71.96</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.17</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.13</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.33</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.80</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.56</td> <td style="text-align:center;">69.24</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">68.67</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−4.45 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:591px;max-width:591px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png/290px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png/386px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2019_-with_names.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png/290px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png/386px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2020_-with_names.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:195px;max-width:195px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png/193px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="193" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png/290px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png/386px-Life_expectancy_map_-Central_America_-2021_-with_names.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Change in life expectancy in Central America from 2019 to 2021<sup id="cite_ref-wbg_total_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbg_total-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_cities">Capital cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Capital cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guatemala City"><img alt="Guatemala City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg/120px-Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg/180px-Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg/240px-Ciudad_Cayala_-_Guatemala_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5450" data-file-height="3062" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Salvador"><img alt="San Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg/120px-Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg/180px-Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg/240px-Panoramica_del_Centro_Hist%C3%B3rico_de_San_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5520" data-file-height="1573" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tegucigalpa"><img alt="Tegucigalpa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg/120px-Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg/180px-Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg/240px-Tegucigalpa_view_in_october_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Managua"><img alt="Managua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg/120px-Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg/180px-Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg/240px-Panoramica_De_Managua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Jose, Costa Rica"><img alt="San Jose, Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg/120px-4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg/180px-4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg/240px-4-_Vue_San_Jose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose, Costa Rica">San Jose, Costa Rica</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HDR_of_Panama_City,_Panama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panama City"><img alt="Panama City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HDR_of_Panama_City%2C_Panama.jpg/120px-HDR_of_Panama_City%2C_Panama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HDR_of_Panama_City%2C_Panama.jpg/180px-HDR_of_Panama_City%2C_Panama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/HDR_of_Panama_City%2C_Panama.jpg/240px-HDR_of_Panama_City%2C_Panama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3712" data-file-height="2477" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belmopan"><img alt="Belmopan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg/120px-Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg/180px-Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg/240px-Aerials_Belize_WHwy_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Belmopan" title="Belmopan">Belmopan</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The population of Central America is estimated at <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7007509567910000000♠"></span>50,956,791</span> as of 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With an area of 523,780 square kilometers (202,230 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-handbook2013_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-handbook2013-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has a population density of 97.3 per square kilometre (252 per square mile). Human Development Index values are from the estimates for 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <caption>Countries of Central America </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">Area</a><sup id="cite_ref-cia_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">Population</a><br />(2021 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density">Population<br />density</a> </th> <th>Capital </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official<br />language</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human<br />development<br />index</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belize </td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,966 km<sup>2</sup> (8,867 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">400,031 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001174184011146912♠"></span>17/km<sup>2</sup> (45/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Belmopan" title="Belmopan">Belmopan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">English </td> <td>0.708 <span style="color:#0c0;"><b>High</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Costa Rica </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,100 km<sup>2</sup> (19,700 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,153,957 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002100860215264187♠"></span>101/km<sup>2</sup> (261/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Spanish </td> <td>0.794 <span style="color:#0c0;"><b>High</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">El Salvador </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21,041 km<sup>2</sup> (8,124 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,314,167 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002300088731524167♠"></span>300/km<sup>2</sup> (777/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Spanish </td> <td>0.674 <span style="color:#fc0;"><b>Medium</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Guatemala </td> <td style="text-align:right;">108,889 km<sup>2</sup> (42,042 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17,608,483 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7002161710393152660♠"></span>162/km<sup>2</sup> (419/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Spanish </td> <td>0.650 <span style="color:#fc0;"><b>Medium</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Honduras </td> <td style="text-align:right;">112,090 km<sup>2</sup> (43,280 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,278,345 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001916972522080471♠"></span>92/km<sup>2</sup> (237/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Spanish </td> <td>0.617 <span style="color:#fc0;"><b>Medium</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Nicaragua </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130,370 km<sup>2</sup> (50,340 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,850,540 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001525469049627981♠"></span>53/km<sup>2</sup> (136/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Spanish </td> <td>0.658 <span style="color:#fc0;"><b>Medium</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Panama </td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,420 km<sup>2</sup> (29,120 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,351,267 </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001576938080084858♠"></span>58/km<sup>2</sup> (149/sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Spanish </td> <td>0.789 <span style="color:#0c0;"><b>High</b></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#F2F2F2; font-weight:bold;"> <th>Total </th> <td style="text-align:right;">521,876 km<sup>2</sup> (201,497 sq mi) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7007509567900000000♠">50,956,790</span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td style="text-align:center;">- </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.699 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <caption>Largest metropolitan areas in Central America </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>City </th> <th>Country </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Census Year </th> <th>% of National<br />Population </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a> </td> <td>Guatemala </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,700,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">26% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a> </td> <td>El Salvador </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,415,217 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2009 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">39% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Managua" title="Managua">Managua</a> </td> <td>Nicaragua </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,045,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2012 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">34% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa" title="Tegucigalpa">Tegucigalpa</a> </td> <td>Honduras </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,819,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">24% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_Sula" title="San Pedro Sula">San Pedro Sula</a> </td> <td>Honduras </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,600,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">21%+4<br /><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> </td> <td>Panama </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,400,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2010 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">37% </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Jos%C3%A9,_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José</a> </td> <td>Costa Rica </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,275,000 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2013 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">30% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Spanish" title="Central American Spanish">Central American Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misumalpan_languages" title="Misumalpan languages">Misumalpan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chibchan_languages" title="Chibchan languages">Chibchan</a></div> <p>The official language majority in all Central American countries is <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, except in Belize, where the official language is <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mayan_languages" title="Mayan languages">Mayan languages</a> constitute a <a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a> consisting of about 26 related languages. Guatemala formally recognized 21 of these in 1996. <a href="/wiki/Xincan_languages" title="Xincan languages">Xinca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miskito_language" title="Miskito language">Miskito</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garifuna_language" title="Garifuna language">Garifuna</a> are also present in Central America. </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <caption>Languages in Central America (2010) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Population</th> <th>% Spanish</th> <th>% Mayan<br />languages</th> <th>% English</th> <th>% Xinca</th> <th>% Garifuna </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>Guatemala</td> <td>17,284,000</td> <td>64.7%</td> <td>34.3%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.7%</td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>Honduras</td> <td>8,447,000</td> <td>97.1%</td> <td>2.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>El Salvador</td> <td>6,108,000</td> <td>99.0%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>Nicaragua</td> <td>6,028,000</td> <td>87.4%</td> <td>7.1%</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>Costa Rica</td> <td>4,726,000</td> <td>97.2%</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td>Panamá</td> <td>3,652,000</td> <td>86.8%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td>Belize</td> <td>408,867</td> <td>49.8%</td> <td>8.9%</td> <td>70.0%</td> <td>0.0%</td> <td>7.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg/220px-Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg/330px-Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg/440px-Centroamerica_prehispanica_siglo_XVI.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250980" data-file-height="165770" /></a><figcaption>Central America map of indigenous people before European contact</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg/220px-Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg/330px-Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg/440px-Preparing_for_2019_Seattle_Fiestas_Patrias_Parade_-_40_-_women_with_flags.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Central American women</figcaption></figure> <p>This region of the continent is very rich in terms of ethnic groups. The majority of the population is <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">mestizo</a>, with sizable Mayan and African descendent populations present, along with numerous other indigenous groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Miskito_people" title="Miskito people">Miskito people</a>. The immigration of Arabs, Jews, Chinese, Europeans and others brought additional groups to the area. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin: 1em auto;"> <caption>Ethnic groups in Central America (2010) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">Country </th> <th style="width:100px;">Population </th> <th style="width:100px;">% <a href="/wiki/Amerindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindian">Amerindian</a> </th> <th style="width:100px;">% <a href="/wiki/White_people" title="White people">White</a> </th> <th style="width:100px;">% <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>/Mixed </th> <th style="width:100px;">% <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black</a> </th> <th style="width:100px;">% Other </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Belize </td> <td>324,528</td> <td>6.3%</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>49.6%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">32.0%</td> <td>4.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Costa Rica </td> <td>4,301,712</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">82.3%</td> <td>15.7%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">El Salvador </td> <td>6,340,889</td> <td>1.0%</td> <td>12.0%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">86.0%</td> <td>0.13%</td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Guatemala </td> <td>15,700,000</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">42.0%</td> <td>4.0%</td> <td>53.0%</td> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Honduras </td> <td>8,143,564</td> <td>6.0%</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">82.0%</td> <td>6.0%</td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Nicaragua </td> <td>5,815,500</td> <td>5.0%</td> <td>17.0%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">69.0%</td> <td>9.0%</td> <td>0.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Panama </td> <td>3,474,562</td> <td>6.0%</td> <td>10.0%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">65.0%</td> <td>14.0%</td> <td>5.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>Total</b> </td> <td>42,682,190</td> <td>10.04%</td> <td>17.04%</td> <td style="background: #ABCDEF;">59.77%</td> <td>9.77%</td> <td>2.91% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_groups">Religious groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religious groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_North_America" title="Catholic Church in North America">Catholic Church in North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in Central America">Bahá'í Faith in Central America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Central_America" title="Buddhism in Central America">Buddhism in Central America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Central_America" title="Anglican Church in Central America">Anglican Church in Central America</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cathedrals">Cathedrals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cathedrals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION,_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Managua Nicaragua"><img alt="Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Managua Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION%2C_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION%2C_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION%2C_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION%2C_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION%2C_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-CATEDRAL_DE_LA_INMACULADA_CONCEPCION%2C_MANAGUA_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Cathedral,_Managua" title="Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Managua">Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Managua</a> Nicaragua </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Salvador Cathedral El Salvador"><img alt="San Salvador Cathedral El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png/120px-Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png/180px-Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png/240px-Catedral_Metropolitana_de_San_Salvador.png 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="634" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="San Salvador Cathedral">San Salvador Cathedral</a> El Salvador </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CatedralGuatemala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cathedral of Guatemala City Guatemala"><img alt="Cathedral of Guatemala City Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/CatedralGuatemala.jpg/120px-CatedralGuatemala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/CatedralGuatemala.jpg/180px-CatedralGuatemala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/CatedralGuatemala.jpg/240px-CatedralGuatemala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Guatemala_City" title="Cathedral of Guatemala City">Cathedral of Guatemala City</a> Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose,_Costa_Rica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of San José Costa Rica"><img alt="Metropolitan Cathedral of San José Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose%2C_Costa_Rica.jpg/120px-Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose%2C_Costa_Rica.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose%2C_Costa_Rica.jpg/180px-Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose%2C_Costa_Rica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose%2C_Costa_Rica.jpg/240px-Metropolitan_Cathedral_in_San_Jose%2C_Costa_Rica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of San José">Metropolitan Cathedral of San José</a> Costa Rica </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City Panama"><img alt="Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg/105px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg/158px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg/211px-Iglesia_Catedral_de_Panama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="2133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Cathedral_of_Panama_City" title="Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City">Metropolitan Cathedral of Panama City</a> Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tegucigalpa Cathedral Honduras"><img alt="Tegucigalpa Cathedral Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-CATEDRAL_DE_TEGUCIGALPA_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tegucigalpa_Cathedral" title="Tegucigalpa Cathedral">Tegucigalpa Cathedral</a> Honduras </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holy Redeemer Cathedral Belize"><img alt="Holy Redeemer Cathedral Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg/120px-HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg/180px-HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg/240px-HRrubenFromEast_fixed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Redeemer_Cathedral" title="Holy Redeemer Cathedral">Holy Redeemer Cathedral</a> Belize </div> </li> </ul> <p>The predominant religion in Central America is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (95.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beginning with the Spanish colonization of Central America in the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> became the most popular religion in the region until the first half of the 20th century. Since the 1960s, there has been an increase in other Christian groups, particularly <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, as well as other religious organizations, and individuals identifying themselves as having no religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Holland2005_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holland2005-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"> <caption>Proportions of the population by religion (2020) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #ABCDEF;">Country </th> <th style="background: #ABCDEF;">Roman Catholic </th> <th style="background: #ABCDEF;">Protestant </th> <th style="background: #ABCDEF;">Other Christian </th> <th style="background: #ABCDEF;">Non-Affiliated </th> <th style="background: #ABCDEF;">Other </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Belize </td> <td align="right">47.4% </td> <td align="right">34.5% </td> <td align="right">7.1% </td> <td align="right">6.8% </td> <td align="right">3.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Costa Rica </td> <td align="right">72.5% </td> <td align="right">19.5% </td> <td align="right">2.4% </td> <td align="right">4.5% </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">El Salvador </td> <td align="right">55.8% </td> <td align="right">35.3% </td> <td align="right">3.6% </td> <td align="right">5.0% </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Guatemala </td> <td align="right">55.4% </td> <td align="right">25.9% </td> <td align="right">14.3% </td> <td align="right">4.0% </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Honduras </td> <td align="right">64.9% </td> <td align="right">29.1% </td> <td align="right">2.2% </td> <td align="right">3.1% </td> <td align="right">0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Nicaragua </td> <td align="right">58.3% </td> <td align="right">36.7% </td> <td align="right">1.4% </td> <td align="right">3.4% </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Panama </td> <td align="right">66.1% </td> <td align="right">23.9% </td> <td align="right">1.8% </td> <td align="right">4.2% </td> <td align="right">3.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Source: Jason Mandrik, Operation World Statistics (2020).</b> </p> <ul><li>Protestantism in Central America also include Independent Christian, most of total Protestants in this region (+80%) are Evangelicals, the rest follow traditional beliefs.</li> <li>Other Christian include Other Traditional Churches (Orthodox, Episcopalian, etc.) and contemporary churches (Mormons, Adventists, Scientology, etc.), also include Non-denominational Christian who are the most numerous group, specially in Guatemala.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Central America">Culture of Central America</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art">Art</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JacaltecBrocade.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guatemalan textiles"><img alt="Guatemalan textiles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/JacaltecBrocade.jpg/83px-JacaltecBrocade.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/JacaltecBrocade.jpg/124px-JacaltecBrocade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/JacaltecBrocade.jpg/165px-JacaltecBrocade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guatemalan textiles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mola, Panama"><img alt="Mola, Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg/120px-KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg/180px-KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg/240px-KunaWomanWithMolas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mola_(art_form)" title="Mola (art form)">Mola</a>, Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="El Salvador La Plama art form"><img alt="El Salvador La Plama art form" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG/120px-Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG/180px-Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG/240px-Mercaditode_Artesanias_en_el_Centro_Historico_de_Santa_Ana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">El Salvador La Plama art form</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_dishes">National dishes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: National dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baleada.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baleada Honduras"><img alt="Baleada Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Baleada.jpg/120px-Baleada.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Baleada.jpg/180px-Baleada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Baleada.jpg/240px-Baleada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Baleada" title="Baleada">Baleada</a> Honduras </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pupusa El Salvador"><img alt="Pupusa El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG/120px-Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG/180px-Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG/240px-Pupusas_El_Salvador_Centro_America.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa">Pupusa</a> El Salvador </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SANCOCHO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sancocho Panama"><img alt="Sancocho Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SANCOCHO.jpg/120px-SANCOCHO.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SANCOCHO.jpg/180px-SANCOCHO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/SANCOCHO.jpg/240px-SANCOCHO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sancocho" title="Sancocho">Sancocho</a> Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallo pinto Costa Rica"><img alt="Gallo pinto Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg/120px-Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg/180px-Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg/240px-Gallo_Pinto_at_breakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="673" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gallo_pinto" title="Gallo pinto">Gallo pinto</a> Costa Rica </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nacatamal_assembled.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nacatamal Nicaragua"><img alt="Nacatamal Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nacatamal_assembled.jpg/90px-Nacatamal_assembled.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nacatamal_assembled.jpg/135px-Nacatamal_assembled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Nacatamal_assembled.jpg/180px-Nacatamal_assembled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nacatamal" title="Nacatamal">Nacatamal</a> Nicaragua </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_and_Beans,_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rice and beans Belize"><img alt="Rice and beans Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rice_and_Beans%2C_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg/120px-Rice_and_Beans%2C_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rice_and_Beans%2C_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg/180px-Rice_and_Beans%2C_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Rice_and_Beans%2C_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg/240px-Rice_and_Beans%2C_Stew_Chicken_and_Potato_Salad_-_Belize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1824" data-file-height="1368" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rice_and_beans" title="Rice and beans">Rice and beans</a> Belize</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pepián Guatemala"><img alt="Pepián Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg/120px-Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg/180px-Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg/240px-Cocinando_El_Pepian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pepi%C3%A1n" title="Pepián">Pepián</a> Guatemala </div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American music">Central American music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine#North_America" title="Latin American cuisine">Central American cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines_of_the_Americas#Central_American_cuisine" title="List of cuisines of the Americas">List of cuisines of the Americas – Central American cuisine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Games" title="Central American Games">Central American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1926_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1926 Central American and Caribbean Games">1926 Central American and Caribbean Games</a> – the first time this event occurred</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Football_Union" title="Central American Football Union">Central American Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing#In_Central_America" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_(cropped_4).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bernardo Arévalo Guatemala"><img alt="Bernardo Arévalo Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_%28cropped_4%29.jpg/90px-Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_%28cropped_4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_%28cropped_4%29.jpg/135px-Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_%28cropped_4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_%28cropped_4%29.jpg/180px-Retrato_oficial_de_Presidente_Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo_%28cropped_4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2688" data-file-height="3583" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Ar%C3%A9valo" title="Bernardo Arévalo">Bernardo Arévalo</a> Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Presidente_Bukele_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nayib Bukele El Salvador"><img alt="Nayib Bukele El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Presidente_Bukele_%28cropped%29.jpg/90px-Presidente_Bukele_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Presidente_Bukele_%28cropped%29.jpg/135px-Presidente_Bukele_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Presidente_Bukele_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Presidente_Bukele_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="661" data-file-height="881" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> El Salvador</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xiomara_Castro_2022_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Xiomara Castro Honduras"><img alt="Xiomara Castro Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Xiomara_Castro_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/79px-Xiomara_Castro_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Xiomara_Castro_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/119px-Xiomara_Castro_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Xiomara_Castro_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/158px-Xiomara_Castro_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Xiomara_Castro" title="Xiomara Castro">Xiomara Castro</a> Honduras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Ortega_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel Ortega Nicaragua"><img alt="Daniel Ortega Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Daniel_Ortega_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/87px-Daniel_Ortega_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Daniel_Ortega_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/131px-Daniel_Ortega_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Daniel_Ortega_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/174px-Daniel_Ortega_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodrigo_Chaves,_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles Costa Rica"><img alt="Rodrigo Chaves Robles Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rodrigo_Chaves%2C_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Rodrigo_Chaves%2C_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rodrigo_Chaves%2C_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_%28cropped%29.jpg/169px-Rodrigo_Chaves%2C_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Rodrigo_Chaves%2C_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_%28cropped%29.jpg/226px-Rodrigo_Chaves%2C_discurso_posesi%C3%B3n_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Chaves_Robles" title="Rodrigo Chaves Robles">Rodrigo Chaves Robles</a> Costa Rica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_(%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8)_20241112.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="José Raúl Mulino Panama"><img alt="José Raúl Mulino Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_%28%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%29_20241112.jpg/91px-Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_%28%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%29_20241112.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_%28%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%29_20241112.jpg/136px-Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_%28%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%29_20241112.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_%28%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%29_20241112.jpg/182px-Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino_%28%ED%98%B8%EC%84%B8_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9A%B8_%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%EB%85%B8%29_20241112.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="1421" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ra%C3%BAl_Mulino" title="José Raúl Mulino">José Raúl Mulino</a> Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_(52135383761)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johnny Briceño Belize"><img alt="Johnny Briceño Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_%2852135383761%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/86px-Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_%2852135383761%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_%2852135383761%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/129px-Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_%2852135383761%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_%2852135383761%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/172px-Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o_%2852135383761%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="1449" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Brice%C3%B1o" title="Johnny Briceño">Johnny Briceño</a> Belize</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Integration">Integration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Integration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="ib-country-names"><span style="position: relative; top: 5px;"><i>Sistema de<br />Integración Centroamericana</i></span><br /><div class="ib-country-name-style fn org country-name"><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American<br />Integration System</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SICA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Central American Integration System"><img alt="Coat of arms of Central American Integration System" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SICA.svg/85px-SICA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SICA.svg/128px-SICA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/SICA.svg/170px-SICA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="543" /></a></span></div> <div>Coat of arms</div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b>"Peace, Development, Liberty and Democracy"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <i>La Granadera</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Belize</li><li>Costa Rica</li><li>El Salvador</li><li>Guatemala</li><li>Honduras</li><li>Nicaragua</li><li>Panama</li><li>Dominican Republic</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Help:Convert_messages#invalid_number" title="Help:Convert messages"><span title="Convert: Value "523,780[[Category:All" must be a number">convert: invalid number</span></a></i>]</sup><span class="error"></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">52,176,283<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">99.6/km<sup>2</sup> (258.0/sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Central America is currently undergoing a process of political, economic and cultural transformation that started in 1907 with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Court_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American Court of Justice">Central American Court of Justice</a>. </p><p>In 1951 the integration process continued with the signature of the San Salvador Treaty, which created the ODECA, the Organization of Central American States. However, the unity of the ODECA was limited by conflicts between several member states. </p><p>In 1991, the integration agenda was further advanced by the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a> (<i>Sistema para la Integración Centroamericana</i>, or SICA). SICA provides a clear legal basis to avoid disputes between the member states. SICA membership includes the 7 nations of Central America plus the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, a state that is traditionally considered part of the Caribbean. </p><p>On 6 December 2008, SICA announced an agreement to pursue a common currency and common passport for the member nations.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No timeline for implementation was discussed. </p><p>Central America already has several supranational institutions such as the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Bank_for_Economic_Integration" title="Central American Bank for Economic Integration">Central American Bank for Economic Integration</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Common_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American Common Market">Central American Common Market</a>. </p><p>On 22 July 2011, President <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Funes" title="Mauricio Funes">Mauricio Funes</a> of El Salvador became the first president <i><a href="/wiki/Pro_tempore" title="Pro tempore">pro tempore</a></i> to SICA. El Salvador also became the headquarters of SICA with the inauguration of a new building.<sup id="cite_ref-BESS2013_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BESS2013-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sino-Latin_America_relations" title="Sino-Latin America relations">Sino-Latin America relations</a></div> <p>Until recently,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> all Central American countries maintained diplomatic relations with <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> instead of China. President <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" title="Óscar Arias">Óscar Arias</a> of Costa Rica, however, established diplomatic relations with China in 2007, severing formal diplomatic ties with Taiwan.<sup id="cite_ref-TCNYT_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCNYT-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After breaking off relations with the Republic of China in 2017, Panama established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In August 2018, El Salvador also severed ties with Taiwan to formally start recognizing the People's Republic of China as sole China, a move many considered lacked transparency due to its abruptness and reports of the Chinese government's desires to invest in the department of La Union while also promising to fund the ruling party's reelection campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The President of El Salvador, <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a>, broke diplomatic relations with Taiwan and established ties with <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. On 9 December 2021, Nicaragua resumed relations with the PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament">Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg/220px-Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg/330px-Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg/440px-Emblema_del_Parlamento_Centroamericano.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="328" data-file-height="328" /></a><figcaption>Emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Central American Parliament (aka PARLACEN) is a political and parliamentary body of SICA. The parliament started around 1980, and its primary goal was to resolve conflicts in Nicaragua, Guatemala, and El Salvador. Although the group was disbanded in 1986, ideas of unity of Central Americans still remained, so a treaty was signed in 1987 to create the Central American Parliament and other political bodies. Its original members were Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Honduras. The parliament is the political organ of Central America, and is part of SICA. New members have since then joined including Panama and the Dominican Republic. </p><p>Costa Rica is not a member State of the Central American Parliament and its adhesion remains as a very unpopular topic at all levels of the Costa Rican society due to existing strong political criticism towards the regional parliament, since it is regarded by Costa Ricans as a menace to democratic accountability and effectiveness of integration efforts. Excessively high salaries for its members, legal immunity of jurisdiction from any member State, corruption, lack of a binding nature and effectiveness of the regional parliament's decisions, high operative costs and immediate membership of Central American Presidents once they leave their office and presidential terms, are the most common reasons invoked by Costa Ricans against the Central American Parliament.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Belize" title="Economy of Belize">Economy of Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Costa_Rica" title="Economy of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Guatemala" title="Economy of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Honduras" title="Economy of Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nicaragua" title="Economy of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Panama" title="Economy of Panama">Panama</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banco_deGuatemala.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Bank of Guatemala"><img alt="Central Bank of Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Banco_deGuatemala.JPG/90px-Banco_deGuatemala.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Banco_deGuatemala.JPG/135px-Banco_deGuatemala.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Banco_deGuatemala.JPG/180px-Banco_deGuatemala.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Guatemala" title="Bank of Guatemala">Central Bank of Guatemala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="World Trade Center San Salvador"><img alt="World Trade Center San Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg/120px-World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg/180px-World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg/240px-World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_San_Salvador" title="World Trade Center San Salvador">World Trade Center San Salvador</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BCH.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Bank of Honduras"><img alt="Central Bank of Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BCH.jpg/120px-BCH.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BCH.jpg/180px-BCH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/BCH.jpg/240px-BCH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Honduras" title="Central Bank of Honduras">Central Bank of Honduras</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Bank of Nicaragua"><img alt="Central Bank of Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg/120px-Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg/180px-Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg/240px-Maqueta_del_Banco_Central_de_Nicaragua.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Nicaragua" title="Central Bank of Nicaragua">Central Bank of Nicaragua</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1,_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Bank of Panama"><img alt="National Bank of Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/90px-Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/135px-Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg/180px-Banco_Nacional_de_Panam%C3%A1%2C_en_v%C3%ADa_Espa%C3%B1a_de_la_ciudad_de_Panam%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Panama" title="National Bank of Panama">National Bank of Panama</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Bank of Belize"><img alt="Central Bank of Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg/120px-Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg/180px-Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg/240px-Belizean_Central_Bank_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Belize" title="Central Bank of Belize">Central Bank of Belize</a> </div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg/220px-Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg/330px-Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg/440px-Federal_Republic_of_Central_America_1835_4_Real.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4942" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Federal Republic of Central America, 4 Escudos (1835). Struck in the San Jose, Costa Rica mint (697 were minted)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LogoSieca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LogoSieca.jpg/220px-LogoSieca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LogoSieca.jpg/330px-LogoSieca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/LogoSieca.jpg/440px-LogoSieca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Secretariat of Central American Economic Integration</figcaption></figure> <p>Signed in 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">Central American Free Trade Agreement</a> (CAFTA) is an agreement between the United States, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>. The treaty is aimed at promoting <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> among its members. </p><p>Guatemala has the largest economy in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO2012_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO2012-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMFGDP2012_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFGDP2012-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its main exports are coffee, sugar, bananas, petroleum, clothing, and <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a>. Of its 10.29 billion dollar annual exports,<sup id="cite_ref-ciaexport_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaexport-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 40.2% go to the United States, 11.1% to neighboring El Salvador, 8% to Honduras, 5.5% to Mexico, 4.7% to Nicaragua, and 4.3% to Costa Rica.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaexportgu_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaexportgu-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region is particularly attractive for companies (especially clothing companies) because of its geographical proximity to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, very low wages and considerable tax advantages. In addition, the decline in the prices of coffee and other export products and the structural adjustment measures promoted by the international financial institutions have partly ruined agriculture, favouring the emergence of maquiladoras. This sector accounts for 42 per cent of total exports from El Salvador, 55 per cent from Guatemala, and 65 per cent from Honduras. However, its contribution to the economies of these countries is disputed; raw materials are imported, jobs are precarious and low-paid, and tax exemptions weaken public finances.<sup id="cite_ref-insumisos.com_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insumisos.com-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They are also criticised for the working conditions of employees: insults and physical violence, abusive dismissals (especially of pregnant workers), working hours, non-payment of overtime. According to Lucrecia Bautista, coordinator of the <i>maquilas</i> sector of the audit firm Coverco, "labour law regulations are regularly violated in maquilas and there is no political will to enforce their application. In the case of infringements, the labour inspectorate shows remarkable leniency. It is a question of not discouraging investors." Trade unionists are subject to pressure, and sometimes to kidnapping or murder. In some cases, business leaders have used the services of the <a href="/wiki/Mara_(gang)" title="Mara (gang)">maras</a>. Finally, black lists containing the names of trade unionists or political activists are circulating in employers' circles.<sup id="cite_ref-insumisos.com_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insumisos.com-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Economic growth in Central America is projected to slow slightly in 2014–15, as country-specific domestic factors offset the positive effects from stronger economic activity in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-IMF2014_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMF2014-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Central American countries </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>GDP<br />(nominal)<br /><small>$ millions</small><sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO2012_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO2012-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-in-millions-usd_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-millions-usd-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>GDP<br />(nominal<br />per capita)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th>GDP<br />(PPP)<br /><small>$ millions</small><sup id="cite_ref-IMFGDP2012_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFGDP2012-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-in-millions-usd_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-in-millions-usd-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">Belize </td> <td>1,552 </td> <td>$4,602 </td> <td>2,914 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">Costa Rica </td> <td>44,313 </td> <td>$10,432 </td> <td>57,955 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">El Salvador </td> <td>24,421 </td> <td>$3,875 </td> <td>46,050 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">Guatemala </td> <td>50,303 </td> <td>$3,512 </td> <td>78,012 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">Honduras </td> <td>18,320 </td> <td>$2,323 </td> <td>37,408 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">Nicaragua </td> <td>7,695 </td> <td>$1,839 </td> <td>19,827 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: right"> <td style="text-align:left;">Panama </td> <td>34,517 </td> <td>$10,838 </td> <td>55,124 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Belize" title="Tourism in Belize">Tourism in Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Costa_Rica" title="Tourism in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_El_Salvador" title="Tourism in El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Guatemala" title="Tourism in Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Honduras" title="Tourism in Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nicaragua" title="Tourism in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Panama" title="Tourism in Panama">Panama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coasts">Coasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Coasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Playa Blanca Guatemala"><img alt="Playa Blanca Guatemala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg/120px-Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg/180px-Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg/240px-Playa_Blanca_Guatemala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Playa Blanca Guatemala</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas,_Usulut%C3%A1n,_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador"><img alt="Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas%2C_Usulut%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas%2C_Usulut%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas%2C_Usulut%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas%2C_Usulut%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas%2C_Usulut%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Playa_de_Corral_de_Mulas%2C_Usulut%C3%A1n%2C_El_Salvador_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jiquilisco_Bay" title="Jiquilisco Bay">Jiquilisco Bay</a>, El Salvador</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roatán, Honduras"><img alt="Roatán, Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg/120px-Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg/180px-Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg/240px-Roatan_West_End_95_we_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roat%C3%A1n" title="Roatán">Roatán</a>, Honduras</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pink Pearl Island Nicaragua"><img alt="Pink Pearl Island Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg/120px-Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg/180px-Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg/240px-Pink_Pearl_Island-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pink Pearl Island Nicaragua</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tamarindo, Costa Rica"><img alt="Tamarindo, Costa Rica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG/120px-Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG/180px-Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG/240px-Costa_Rica_Playa_Tamarindo_and_Rivermouth_2007_Aerial_Photograph_Tamarindowiki_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tamarindo,_Costa_Rica" title="Tamarindo, Costa Rica">Tamarindo</a>, Costa Rica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cayos Zapatilla, Panama"><img alt="Cayos Zapatilla, Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg/120px-Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg/180px-Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg/240px-Insel_Zapatilla_Panama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cayos_Zapatilla" title="Cayos Zapatilla">Cayos Zapatilla</a>, Panama</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corozal_Beach,_Corozal,_Belize.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Corozal Beach, Belize"><img alt="Corozal Beach, Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Corozal_Beach%2C_Corozal%2C_Belize.jpg/120px-Corozal_Beach%2C_Corozal%2C_Belize.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Corozal_Beach%2C_Corozal%2C_Belize.jpg/180px-Corozal_Beach%2C_Corozal%2C_Belize.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Corozal_Beach%2C_Corozal%2C_Belize.jpg/240px-Corozal_Beach%2C_Corozal%2C_Belize.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3574" data-file-height="2681" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Corozal Beach, Belize</div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Blue_Hole.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Great_Blue_Hole.jpg/220px-Great_Blue_Hole.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Great_Blue_Hole.jpg/330px-Great_Blue_Hole.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Great_Blue_Hole.jpg/440px-Great_Blue_Hole.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Great_Blue_Hole" title="Great Blue Hole">Great Blue Hole</a> off the coast of Belize is a prime <a href="/wiki/Ecotourism" title="Ecotourism">ecotourism</a> destination. It is a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Semuc_Champey,_Guatemala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Semuc_Champey%2C_Guatemala.jpg/220px-Semuc_Champey%2C_Guatemala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Semuc_Champey%2C_Guatemala.jpg/330px-Semuc_Champey%2C_Guatemala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Semuc_Champey%2C_Guatemala.jpg/440px-Semuc_Champey%2C_Guatemala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2203" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Semuc_Champey" title="Semuc Champey">Semuc Champey</a>, Guatemala.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism in Belize has grown considerably in more recent times, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Belizean Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Dean_Barrow" title="Dean Barrow">Dean Barrow</a> has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Cuellar2013_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cuellar2013-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Belize's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming almost one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-SPS2013_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SPS2013-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Belize is also the only country in Central America with English as its official language, making this country a comfortable destination for English-speaking tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Costa Rica is the most visited nation in Central America.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodr2014_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodr2014-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism in Costa Rica is one of the fastest growing economic sectors of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-Rojas2004_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rojas2004-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having become the largest source of foreign revenue by 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Inman1997_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inman1997-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1999, tourism has earned more foreign exchange than bananas, pineapples and coffee exports combined.<sup id="cite_ref-visitcostarica_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visitcostarica-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tourism boom began in 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-Inman1997_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inman1997-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the number of visitors up from 329,000 in 1988, through 1.03 million in 1999, to a historical record of 2.43 million foreign visitors and $1.92-billion in revenue in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Rodr2014_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rodr2014-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012 tourism contributed with 12.5% of the country's GDP and it was responsible for 11.7% of direct and indirect employment.<sup id="cite_ref-wef2013_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wef2013-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tourism in Nicaragua has grown considerably recently, and it is now the second largest industry in the nation. Nicaraguan President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ortega" title="Daniel Ortega">Daniel Ortega</a> has stated his intention to use tourism to combat poverty throughout the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll2007_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll2007-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The growth in tourism has positively affected the agricultural, commercial, and finance industries, as well as the construction industry. The results for Nicaragua's tourism-driven economy have been significant, with the nation welcoming one million tourists in a calendar year for the first time in its history in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-sify_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sify-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Belize" title="Transport in Belize">Transport in Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Costa_Rica" title="Transport in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_El_Salvador" title="Transport in El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Guatemala" title="Transport in Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Honduras" title="Transport in Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nicaragua" title="Transport in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Panama" title="Transport in Panama">Panama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Roads_in_Belize" title="Roads in Belize">Roads in Belize</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png/220px-Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png/330px-Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png/440px-Dise%C3%B1os_de_matriculas_Centroamericanas.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Central American license plates</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PanAmericanHwy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/PanAmericanHwy.png/220px-PanAmericanHwy.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/PanAmericanHwy.png/330px-PanAmericanHwy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/PanAmericanHwy.png/440px-PanAmericanHwy.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Highway" title="Pan-American Highway">Pan-American Highway</a> slices through Central America</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Highway" title="Inter-American Highway">Inter-American Highway</a> is the Central American section of the <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Highway" title="Pan-American Highway">Pan-American Highway</a>, and spans 5,470 kilometers (3,400 mi) between <a href="/wiki/Nuevo_Laredo" title="Nuevo Laredo">Nuevo Laredo</a>, Mexico, and <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, Panama. Because of the 87-kilometer (54 mi) break in the highway known as the <a href="/wiki/Dari%C3%A9n_Gap" title="Darién Gap">Darién Gap</a>, it is not possible to cross between Central America and South America in an automobile. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waterways">Waterways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Waterways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_transport_in_Belize" title="Category:Water transport in Belize">Category:Water transport in Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_transport_in_Costa_Rica" title="Category:Water transport in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_transport_in_Guatemala" title="Category:Water transport in Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_transport_in_Honduras" title="Category:Water transport in Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_transport_in_Nicaragua" title="Category:Water transport in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_transport_in_Panama" title="Category:Water transport in Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Belize" title="List of rivers of Belize">List of rivers of Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Costa_Rica" title="List of rivers of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_El_Salvador" title="List of rivers of El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Guatemala" title="List of rivers of Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Honduras" title="List of rivers of Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Nicaragua" title="List of rivers of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Panama" title="List of rivers of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ecocanal" title="Ecocanal">Ecocanal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicaragua Canal">Nicaragua Canal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports_and_harbors">Ports and harbors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Ports and harbors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ports_of_Belize" title="Ports of Belize">Ports of Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Guatemala" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Guatemala">Category:Ports and harbours of Guatemala</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Panama" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Panama">Category:Ports and harbours of Panama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Belize" title="List of airports in Belize">List of airports in Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of airports in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_El_Salvador" title="List of airports in El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Guatemala" title="List of airports in Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Honduras" title="List of airports in Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Nicaragua" title="List of airports in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Panama" title="List of airports in Panama">Panama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Central_America" title="Rail transport in Central America">Rail transport in Central America</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Belize" title="Rail transport in Belize">Rail transport in Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Costa_Rica" title="Rail transport in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_El_Salvador" title="Rail transport in El Salvador">El Salvador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Guatemala" title="Rail transport in Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Honduras" title="Rail transport in Honduras">Honduras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Nicaragua" title="Rail transport in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Panama" title="Rail transport in Panama">Panama</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architecture_schools#Central_America" title="List of architecture schools">List of architecture schools in Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Belize" title="List of universities in Belize">List of universities in Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of universities in Costa Rica">List of universities in Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of universities in El Salvador">List of universities in El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Guatemala" title="List of universities in Guatemala">List of universities in Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Honduras" title="List of universities in Honduras">List of universities in Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Nicaragua" title="List of universities in Nicaragua">List of universities in Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_Panama" title="List of universities in Panama">List of universities in Panama</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg/32px-Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg/48px-Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg/64px-Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="419" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Central_America" title="Portal:Central America">Central America portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americas_(terminology)" title="Americas (terminology)">Americas (terminology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_Seaway" title="Central American Seaway">Central American Seaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Central_America-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Central America-related articles">Index of Central America-related articles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Belize-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Belize-related articles">Index of Belize-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Costa_Rica-related_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Index of Costa Rica-related articles">Index of Costa Rica-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_El_Salvador%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of El Salvador–related articles">Index of El Salvador–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Guatemala-related_articles" title="Index of Guatemala-related articles">Index of Guatemala-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Honduras-related_articles" title="Index of Honduras-related articles">Index of Honduras-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nicaragua-related_articles" title="Index of Nicaragua-related articles">Index of Nicaragua-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Panama-related_articles" title="Index of Panama-related articles">Index of Panama-related articles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Central_America" title="List of largest cities in Central America">List of largest cities in Central America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cantons of Costa Rica">Cantons of Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Belize" title="List of municipalities in Belize">List of cities in Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador">List of cities in El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Guatemala" title="List of places in Guatemala">List of places in Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Honduras">List of cities in Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Nicaragua" title="Municipalities of Nicaragua">List of cities in Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Panama" title="List of cities in Panama">List of cities in Panama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">centroamericano</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">América Central</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[aˈmeɾika<span class="wrap"> </span>senˈtɾal]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/36\/Es-pe_-_Am%C3%A9rica_central.ogg\/Es-pe_-_Am%C3%A9rica_central.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-pe - Am\u00e9rica central.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/Es-pe_-_Am%C3%A9rica_central.ogg/Es-pe_-_Am%C3%A9rica_central.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Es-pe_-_Am%C3%A9rica_central.ogg" title="File:Es-pe - América central.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span> or <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Centroamérica</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[sentɾoaˈmeɾika]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bf\/Es-pe_-_Centroam%C3%A9rica.ogg\/Es-pe_-_Centroam%C3%A9rica.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Es-pe - Centroam\u00e9rica.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bf/Es-pe_-_Centroam%C3%A9rica.ogg/Es-pe_-_Centroam%C3%A9rica.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Es-pe_-_Centroam%C3%A9rica.ogg" title="File:Es-pe - Centroamérica.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-in-millions-usd-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-in-millions-usd_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-in-millions-usd_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Values listed in millions USD.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/spain-accepts-mexican-independence">"Spain accepts Mexican independence"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Spain+accepts+Mexican+independence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fspain-accepts-mexican-independence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRibeiro1995" class="citation book cs1">Ribeiro, Pedro Freire (1995). <i>Raízes do pensamento político da América Espanhola, 1780–1826</i>. Niterói, RJ: Editora da Universidade Federal Fluminense. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/85-228-0146-0" title="Special:BookSources/85-228-0146-0"><bdi>85-228-0146-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35578070">35578070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ra%C3%ADzes+do+pensamento+pol%C3%ADtico+da+Am%C3%A9rica+Espanhola%2C+1780%E2%80%931826&rft.place=Niter%C3%B3i%2C+RJ&rft.pub=Editora+da+Universidade+Federal+Fluminense&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35578070&rft.isbn=85-228-0146-0&rft.aulast=Ribeiro&rft.aufirst=Pedro+Freire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/countries/belize">"A Guide to the United States'History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consumer Relations, by Country, since 1776: Belize"</a>. <i>Office of The Historian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Office+of+The+Historian&rft.atitle=A+Guide+to+the+United+States%27History+of+Recognition%2C+Diplomatic%2C+and+Consumer+Relations%2C+by+Country%2C+since+1776%3A+Belize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fcountries%2Fbelize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rand.org/pubs/conf_proceedings/CF135.html">Demographic Diversity and Change in the Central American Isthmus</a>. Pebley, Anne R. and Luis Rosero-Bixby, eds., Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1997. Also available in print form.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viajarfull.com/america-insular/">América Insular ¿Qué es? ¿Cómo se divide? ¿Qué países pertenecen?</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN2017-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN2017_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_Statistics_Division2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Statistics_Division" title="United Nations Statistics Division">United Nations Statistics Division</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/">"Standard country or area codes for statistical use (M49)"</a>. New York City: United Nations Statistics Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+country+or+area+codes+for+statistical+use+%28M49%29&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=United+Nations+Statistics+Division&rft.date=2017&rft.au=United+Nations+Statistics+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fmethodology%2Fm49%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Augelli1962-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Augelli1962_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugelli1962" class="citation journal cs1">Augelli, JP (1962). "The Rimland-Mainland concept of culture areas in Middle America". <i>Annals of the Association of American Geographers</i>. <b>52</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">119–</span>29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.1962.tb00400.x">10.1111/j.1467-8306.1962.tb00400.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2561309">2561309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=The+Rimland-Mainland+concept+of+culture+areas+in+Middle+America&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E119-%3C%2Fspan%3E29&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.1962.tb00400.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2561309%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Augelli&rft.aufirst=JP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoopes&Fonseca2003-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hoopes&Fonseca2003_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoopes,_John_W._and_Oscar_Fonseca_Z.2003" class="citation book cs1">Hoopes, John W. and Oscar Fonseca Z. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225191811/http://www.doaks.org/GoldandPower/GoldandPower02.pdf"><i>Goldwork and Chibchan Identity:Endogenous Change and Diffuse Unity in the Isthmo-Colombian Area</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-1000-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8263-1000-2"><bdi>978-0-8263-1000-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doaks.org/GoldandPower/GoldandPower02.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Online text reproduction)</span> on 25 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goldwork+and+Chibchan+Identity%3AEndogenous+Change+and+Diffuse+Unity+in+the+Isthmo-Colombian+Area&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8263-1000-2&rft.au=Hoopes%2C+John+W.+and+Oscar+Fonseca+Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doaks.org%2FGoldandPower%2FGoldandPower02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1998" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Grant D. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PeOWl54Mt7UC&pg=PR19"><i>The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. xix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0804735223" title="Special:BookSources/978-0804735223"><bdi>978-0804735223</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Conquest+of+the+Last+Maya+Kingdom&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pages=xix&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0804735223&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Grant+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPeOWl54Mt7UC%26pg%3DPR19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/United-Provinces-of-Central-America">"United Provinces of Central America"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=United+Provinces+of+Central+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FUnited-Provinces-of-Central-America&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2013" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Grace (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WH5jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT31"><i>America's Backyard: The United States and Latin America from the Monroe Doctrine to the War on Terror</i></a>. Zed Books Ltd. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84813-611-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84813-611-3"><bdi>978-1-84813-611-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Backyard%3A+The+United+States+and+Latin+America+from+the+Monroe+Doctrine+to+the+War+on+Terror&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Zed+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84813-611-3&rft.aulast=Livingstone&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWH5jDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Argueta2011-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Argueta2011_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArguetaHuhnKurtenbachPeetz2011" class="citation journal cs1">Argueta, O; Huhn, S; Kurtenbach, S; Peetz, P (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719072524/http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1105.pdf">"Blocked democracies in Central America"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>GIGA Focus International Edition</i> (5): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>8. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1862-3581">1862-3581</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giga-hamburg.de/dl/download.php?d=/content/publikationen/pdf/gf_international_1105.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GIGA+Focus+International+Edition&rft.atitle=Blocked+democracies+in+Central+America&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E8&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=1862-3581&rft.aulast=Argueta&rft.aufirst=O&rft.au=Huhn%2C+S&rft.au=Kurtenbach%2C+S&rft.au=Peetz%2C+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giga-hamburg.de%2Fdl%2Fdownload.php%3Fd%3D%2Fcontent%2Fpublikationen%2Fpdf%2Fgf_international_1105.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ticotimes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ticotimes_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/11/13/extreme-poverty-increases-in-nicaragua-in-2013-study-finds">"Extreme poverty increases in Nicaragua in 2013, study finds"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Free_Press" title="American Free Press">American Free Press</a>. 13 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Extreme+poverty+increases+in+Nicaragua+in+2013%2C+study+finds&rft.date=2014-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ticotimes.net%2F2014%2F11%2F13%2Fextreme-poverty-increases-in-nicaragua-in-2013-study-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MW-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MW_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/Central%20America">"Central America"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster%27s_Collegiate_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary">Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Central+America&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+collegiate+dictionary&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.m-w.com%2Fdictionary%2FCentral%2520America&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQ2023" class="citation journal cs1">Q, Pablo Fonseca (20 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://knowablemagazine.org/content/article/physical-world/2023/central-american-volcanoes-clues-earth-geological-evolution">"Central American volcanoes offer clues to Earth's geological evolution"</a>. <i>Knowable Magazine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fknowable-122023-1">10.1146/knowable-122023-1</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowable+Magazine&rft.atitle=Central+American+volcanoes+offer+clues+to+Earth%27s+geological+evolution&rft.date=2023-12-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fknowable-122023-1&rft.aulast=Q&rft.aufirst=Pablo+Fonseca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fknowablemagazine.org%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2Fphysical-world%2F2023%2Fcentral-american-volcanoes-clues-earth-geological-evolution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eskp.de/en/natural-hazards/central-america-an-active-volcanic-arc-935395/">"Central America: an active volcanic arc"</a>. <i>www.eskp.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eskp.de&rft.atitle=Central+America%3A+an+active+volcanic+arc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eskp.de%2Fen%2Fnatural-hazards%2Fcentral-america-an-active-volcanic-arc-935395%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBP,_Inc.2015" class="citation book cs1">IBP, Inc. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_PxCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8"><i>Central American Countries Mineral Industry Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Regulations</i></a>. Lulu.com. pp. 7, 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-329-09114-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-329-09114-6"><bdi>978-1-329-09114-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+American+Countries+Mineral+Industry+Handbook+Volume+1+Strategic+Information+and+Regulations&rft.pages=7%2C+8&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-329-09114-6&rft.au=IBP%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DY_PxCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliver2005-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oliver2005_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorAlfaro2005" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, MA; Alfaro, EJ (2005). "Central America and the Caribbean, Climate of". In Oliver, JE (ed.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00oliv"><i>Encyclopedia of world climatology</i></a></span>. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series (1st ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaworl00oliv/page/n203">183</a>–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F1-4020-3266-8_37">10.1007/1-4020-3266-8_37</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3264-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-3264-6"><bdi>978-1-4020-3264-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Central+America+and+the+Caribbean%2C+Climate+of&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+world+climatology&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Encyclopedia+of+Earth+Sciences+Series&rft.pages=183-9&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F1-4020-3266-8_37&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-3264-6&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Alfaro%2C+EJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaworl00oliv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webng-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webng_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webng_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006185346/http://www.webng.com/jerbarker/home/eia-toolkit/downloads/Van04/RojasVancouver.pdf">"Central America"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webng.com/jerbarker/home/eia-toolkit/downloads/Van04/RojasVancouver.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Central+America&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webng.com%2Fjerbarker%2Fhome%2Feia-toolkit%2Fdownloads%2FVan04%2FRojasVancouver.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayB-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayB_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Belize.htm">"Belize forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=Belize+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FBelize.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayCR-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayCR_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Costa_Rica.htm">"Costa Rica forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FCosta_Rica.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayES-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayES_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/El_Salvador.htm">"El Salvador forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FEl_Salvador.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayG-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayG_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Guatemala.htm">"Guatemala forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=Guatemala+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FGuatemala.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayH-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayH_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Honduras.htm">"Honduras forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=Honduras+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FHonduras.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayN-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayN_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Nicaragua.htm">"Nicaragua forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FNicaragua.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MongabayP-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MongabayP_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler2006" class="citation web cs1">Butler, RA (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rainforests.mongabay.com/deforestation/2000/Panama.htm">"Panama forest information and data"</a>. <i>Tropical rainforests: deforestation rates tables and charts</i>. Menlo Park, California: Mongabay.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tropical+rainforests%3A+deforestation+rates+tables+and+charts&rft.atitle=Panama+forest+information+and+data&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frainforests.mongabay.com%2Fdeforestation%2F2000%2FPanama.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harvey2008-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harvey2008_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarveyKomarChazdonFerguson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Harvey, CA; Komar, O; Chazdon, R; Ferguson, BG (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5597044">"Integrating agricultural landscapes with biodiversity conservation in the Mesoamerican hotspot"</a>. <i>Conservation Biology</i>. <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">8–</span>15. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ConBi..22....8H">2008ConBi..22....8H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2007.00863.x">10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00863.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18254848">18254848</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Integrating+agricultural+landscapes+with+biodiversity+conservation+in+the+Mesoamerican+hotspot&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18254848&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1523-1739.2007.00863.x&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008ConBi..22....8H&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.au=Komar%2C+O&rft.au=Chazdon%2C+R&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+BG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F5597044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramos2010-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ramos2010_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamos2010" class="citation news cs1">Ramos, A (2 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514200537/http://www.amandala.com.bz/index.php?id=10030">"Belize protected areas 26% – not 40-odd percent"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amandala" title="Amandala">Amandala</a></i>. Belize City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amandala.com.bz/index.php?id=10030">the original</a> on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amandala&rft.atitle=Belize+protected+areas+26%25+%E2%80%93+not+40-odd+percent&rft.date=2010-07-02&rft.aulast=Ramos&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amandala.com.bz%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D10030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-westminster-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-westminster_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.westminster.edu/staff/athrock/BELIZE/Reef.html">Belize Barrier Reef case study</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605060903/http://www.westminster.edu/staff/athrock/BELIZE/Reef.html">Archived</a> 5 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Westminster.edu. Retrieved on 21 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Redo2012-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Redo2012_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedoGrauAideClark2012" class="citation journal cs1">Redo, DJ; Grau, HR; Aide, TM; Clark, ML (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3384153">"Asymmetric forest transition driven by the interaction of socioeconomic development and environmental heterogeneity in Central America"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>109</b> (23): <span class="nowrap">8839–</span>44. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PNAS..109.8839R">2012PNAS..109.8839R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1201664109">10.1073/pnas.1201664109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3384153">3384153</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22615408">22615408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Asymmetric+forest+transition+driven+by+the+interaction+of+socioeconomic+development+and+environmental+heterogeneity+in+Central+America&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8839-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3384153%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22615408&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1201664109&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PNAS..109.8839R&rft.aulast=Redo&rft.aufirst=DJ&rft.au=Grau%2C+HR&rft.au=Aide%2C+TM&rft.au=Clark%2C+ML&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3384153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWF0303-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWF0303_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF0303_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0303">"Central American pine-oak forests"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Central+American+pine-oak+forests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fnt0303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWF0167-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWF0167_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF0167_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0167">"Talamancan montane forests"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Talamancan+montane+forests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fnt0167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WWF0112-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WWF0112_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WWF0112_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0112">"Central American montane forests"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Terrestrial+Ecoregions&rft.atitle=Central+American+montane+forests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldwildlife.org%2Fecoregions%2Fnt0112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astiz1987-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Astiz1987_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstizKanamoriEissler1987" class="citation journal cs1">Astiz, L; Kanamori, H; Eissler, H (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://authors.library.caltech.edu/49188/1/1326.full.pdf">"Source characteristics of earthquakes in the Michoacan seismic gap in Mexico"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>. <b>77</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1326–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987BuSSA..77.1326A">1987BuSSA..77.1326A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1785%2FBSSA0770041326">10.1785/BSSA0770041326</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150103042939/http://authors.library.caltech.edu/49188/1/1326.full.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Source+characteristics+of+earthquakes+in+the+Michoacan+seismic+gap+in+Mexico&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1326-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1785%2FBSSA0770041326&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987BuSSA..77.1326A&rft.aulast=Astiz&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Kanamori%2C+H&rft.au=Eissler%2C+H&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauthors.library.caltech.edu%2F49188%2F1%2F1326.full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-White1985-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-White1985_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite1985" class="citation journal cs1">White, RA (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bssa.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/75/2/455">"The Guatemala earthquake of 1816 on the Chixoy-Polochic fault"</a>. <i>Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America</i>. <b>75</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">455–</span>73.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Seismological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=The+Guatemala+earthquake+of+1816+on+the+Chixoy-Polochic+fault&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E455-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=RA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbssa.geoscienceworld.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F75%2F2%2F455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbg_total-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wbg_total_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wbg_total_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN">"Life expectancy at birth, total"</a>. The World Bank Group. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+total&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbg_male-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wbg_male_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.MA.IN">"Life expectancy at birth, male"</a>. The World Bank Group. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+male&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.MA.IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbg_female-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wbg_female_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN">"Life expectancy at birth, female"</a>. The World Bank Group. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+female&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XSLX)</span> ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook2013-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-handbook2013_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIBP,_Inc2009" class="citation book cs1">IBP, Inc (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9AWWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA8"><i>Central America Economic Integration and Cooperation Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information, Organizations and Programs</i></a>. Lulu.com. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-4280-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-4280-9"><bdi>978-1-4387-4280-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Central+America+Economic+Integration+and+Cooperation+Handbook+Volume+1+Strategic+Information%2C+Organizations+and+Programs&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-4280-9&rft.au=IBP%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9AWWBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180914203906/http://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update">"2018 HDI Statistical Update"</a>. 14 September 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update">the original</a> on 14 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2018+HDI+Statistical+Update&rft.date=2018-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hdr.undp.org%2Fen%2F2018-update&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cia-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cia_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070601020457/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">"The world factbook"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/">the original</a> on 1 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+world+factbook&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161229040220/http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf">"Christianity in its Global Context"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wwwgordonconwell.com/netcommunity/CSGCResources/ChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christianity+in+its+Global+Context&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwwwgordonconwell.com%2Fnetcommunity%2FCSGCResources%2FChristianityinitsGlobalContext.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holland2005-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Holland2005_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolland2005" class="citation conference cs1">Holland, CL (November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prolades.com/Ethnic_Religious_Diversity_CAM-Holland.pdf"><i>Ethnic and religious diversity in Central America: a historical perspective</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2005 Annual Meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>34. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010135550/http://www.prolades.com/Ethnic_Religious_Diversity_CAM-Holland.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 10 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Ethnic+and+religious+diversity+in+Central+America%3A+a+historical+perspective&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E34&rft.date=2005-11&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=CL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prolades.com%2FEthnic_Religious_Diversity_CAM-Holland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20081206-central-american-leaders-agree-common-currency-">"Central American leaders agree on common currency"</a>. <i>France 24</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Central+American+leaders+agree+on+common+currency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20081206-central-american-leaders-agree-common-currency-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BESS2013-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BESS2013_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritish_Embassy_San_Salvador2013" class="citation web cs1">British Embassy San Salvador (10 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/extra-regional-observer-of-central-american-integration-system">"Extra-Regional Observer of Central American Integration System"</a>. <i>Strengthening UK relationships with El Salvador</i>. London: Government Digital Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Strengthening+UK+relationships+with+El+Salvador&rft.atitle=Extra-Regional+Observer+of+Central+American+Integration+System&rft.date=2013-06-10&rft.au=British+Embassy+San+Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fworld-location-news%2Fextra-regional-observer-of-central-american-integration-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TCNYT-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TCNYT_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/07/world/asia/07iht-costa.1.6036203.html">"Taiwan cuts ties with Costa Rica over recognition for China"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 7 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Taiwan+cuts+ties+with+Costa+Rica+over+recognition+for+China&rft.date=2007-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F06%2F07%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F07iht-costa.1.6036203.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamzy2018" class="citation news cs1">Ramzy, Austin (24 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/24/world/asia/taiwan-el-salvador-china.amp.html">"White House Criticizes China over el Salvador Recognition"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/24/world/asia/taiwan-el-salvador-china.amp.html">the original</a></span> on 1 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=White+House+Criticizes+China+over+el+Salvador+Recognition&rft.date=2018-08-24&rft.aulast=Ramzy&rft.aufirst=Austin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F08%2F24%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Ftaiwan-el-salvador-china.amp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/10/nicaragua-cuts-ties-with-taiwan-and-pivots-to-china">"Nicaragua cuts ties with Taiwan and pivots to China"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 10 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+cuts+ties+with+Taiwan+and+pivots+to+China&rft.date=2021-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fdec%2F10%2Fnicaragua-cuts-ties-with-taiwan-and-pivots-to-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO2012-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO2012_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO2012_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=83&pr.y=7&sy=2012&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=311%2C336%2C213%2C263%2C313%2C268%2C316%2C343%2C339%2C273%2C218%2C278%2C223%2C283%2C228%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C238%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C243%2C364%2C248%2C366%2C253%2C369%2C328%2C298%2C258%2C299&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a=">"Report for selected countries and subjects"</a>. <i>World economic outlook database, April 2012</i>. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+economic+outlook+database%2C+April+2012&rft.atitle=Report+for+selected+countries+and+subjects&rft.date=2012&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2012%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D83%26pr.y%3D7%26sy%3D2012%26ey%3D2012%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D311%252C336%252C213%252C263%252C313%252C268%252C316%252C343%252C339%252C273%252C218%252C278%252C223%252C283%252C228%252C288%252C233%252C293%252C238%252C361%252C321%252C362%252C243%252C364%252C248%252C366%252C253%252C369%252C328%252C298%252C258%252C299%26s%3DNGDPD%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFGDP2012-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFGDP2012_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFGDP2012_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=50&pr.y=15&sy=2012&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=311%2C336%2C213%2C263%2C313%2C268%2C316%2C343%2C339%2C273%2C218%2C278%2C223%2C283%2C228%2C288%2C233%2C293%2C238%2C361%2C321%2C362%2C243%2C364%2C248%2C366%2C253%2C369%2C328%2C298%2C258%2C299&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=">"Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) valuation of country GDP"</a>. <i>World economic outlook database, April 2012</i>. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+economic+outlook+database%2C+April+2012&rft.atitle=Gross+domestic+product+based+on+purchasing-power-parity+%28PPP%29+valuation+of+country+GDP&rft.date=2012&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2012%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D50%26pr.y%3D15%26sy%3D2012%26ey%3D2012%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D311%252C336%252C213%252C263%252C313%252C268%252C316%252C343%252C339%252C273%252C218%252C278%252C223%252C283%252C228%252C288%252C233%252C293%252C238%252C361%252C321%252C362%252C243%252C364%252C248%252C366%252C253%252C369%252C328%252C298%252C258%252C299%26s%3DPPPGDP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciaexport-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciaexport_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504222805/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2078.html#74">"World exports by country"</a>. <i>The world factbook</i>. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2078.html#74">the original</a> on 4 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+world+factbook&rft.atitle=World+exports+by+country&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2078.html%2374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciaexportgu-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciaexportgu_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613004055/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#gt">"Export partners of Guatemala"</a>. <i>The world factbook</i>. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.html#gt">the original</a> on 13 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+world+factbook&rft.atitle=Export+partners+of+Guatemala&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2050.html%23gt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insumisos.com-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insumisos.com_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-insumisos.com_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110407125941/http://www.insumisos.com/diplo/NODE/663.HTM">"Las "maquilas" no admiten sindicalistas | El Dipló"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insumisos.com/diplo/NODE/663.HTM">the original</a> on 7 April 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Las+%22maquilas%22+no+admiten+sindicalistas+%7C+El+Dipl%C3%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insumisos.com%2Fdiplo%2FNODE%2F663.HTM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMF2014-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMF2014_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Monetary_Fund2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/pdf/text.pdf"><i>World economic outlook October 2014: legacies, clouds, uncertainties</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. World economic and financial surveys. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4843-8066-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4843-8066-6"><bdi>978-1-4843-8066-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013230451/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/pdf/text.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+economic+outlook+October+2014%3A+legacies%2C+clouds%2C+uncertainties&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=World+economic+and+financial+surveys&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4843-8066-6&rft.au=International+Monetary+Fund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2014%2F02%2Fpdf%2Ftext.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data mostly refers to IMF staff estimates for the year 2013, made in April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2013&ey=2013&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512%2C668%2C914%2C672%2C612%2C946%2C614%2C137%2C311%2C962%2C213%2C674%2C911%2C676%2C193%2C548%2C122%2C556%2C912%2C678%2C313%2C181%2C419%2C867%2C513%2C682%2C316%2C684%2C913%2C273%2C124%2C868%2C339%2C921%2C638%2C948%2C514%2C943%2C218%2C686%2C963%2C688%2C616%2C518%2C223%2C728%2C516%2C558%2C918%2C138%2C748%2C196%2C618%2C278%2C624%2C692%2C522%2C694%2C622%2C142%2C156%2C449%2C626%2C564%2C628%2C565%2C228%2C283%2C924%2C853%2C233%2C288%2C632%2C293%2C636%2C566%2C634%2C964%2C238%2C182%2C662%2C453%2C960%2C968%2C423%2C922%2C935%2C714%2C128%2C862%2C611%2C135%2C321%2C716%2C243%2C456%2C248%2C722%2C469%2C942%2C253%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C576%2C939%2C936%2C644%2C961%2C819%2C813%2C172%2C199%2C132%2C733%2C646%2C184%2C648%2C524%2C915%2C361%2C134%2C362%2C652%2C364%2C174%2C732%2C328%2C366%2C258%2C734%2C656%2C144%2C654%2C146%2C336%2C463%2C263%2C528%2C268%2C923%2C532%2C738%2C944%2C578%2C176%2C537%2C534%2C742%2C536%2C866%2C429%2C369%2C433%2C744%2C178%2C186%2C436%2C925%2C136%2C869%2C343%2C746%2C158%2C926%2C439%2C466%2C916%2C112%2C664%2C111%2C826%2C298%2C542%2C927%2C967%2C846%2C443%2C299%2C917%2C582%2C544%2C474%2C941%2C754%2C446%2C698%2C666&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=&pr.x=41&pr.y=13">World Economic Outlook Database-April 2014</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. Accessed on 9 April 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data refers mostly to the year 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=12&id=4&CNO=2">World Development Indicators database</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. Database updated on 18 December 2013. Accessed on 18 December 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cuellar2013-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cuellar2013_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuellar2013" class="citation news cs1">Cuellar, M (1 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141019211111/http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/82643">"Foreign direct investments and tourism up"</a>. <i>Channel 5 Belize</i>. Belize: Great Belize Productions Ltd. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/82643">the original</a> on 19 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Channel+5+Belize&rft.atitle=Foreign+direct+investments+and+tourism+up&rft.date=2013-03-01&rft.aulast=Cuellar&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.channel5belize.com%2Farchives%2F82643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPS2013-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SPS2013_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanpedrosun.com/travel-and-tourism/2013/02/08/2012-a-remarkable-year-for-belizes-tourism-industry/">"2012: a remarkable year for Belize's tourism industry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_San_Pedro_Sun" title="The San Pedro Sun">The San Pedro Sun</a></i>. San Pedro, Belize. 8 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Pedro+Sun&rft.atitle=2012%3A+a+remarkable+year+for+Belize%27s+tourism+industry&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanpedrosun.com%2Ftravel-and-tourism%2F2013%2F02%2F08%2F2012-a-remarkable-year-for-belizes-tourism-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.projectexpedition.com/location/belize/">"Belize | Tours & Activities – Project Expedition"</a>. <i>Project Expedition</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Expedition&rft.atitle=Belize+%7C+Tours+%26+Activities+%E2%80%93+Project+Expedition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectexpedition.com%2Flocation%2Fbelize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rodr2014-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rodr2014_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rodr2014_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodríguez2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rodríguez, A (16 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nacion.com/economia/Costa-Rica-registra-millones-turistas_0_1390861044.html">"Costa Rica registró la llegada de más de 2,4 millones de turistas en 2013"</a> [Costa Rica registered the arrival of more than 2.4 million tourists in 2013]. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n_(San_Jos%C3%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Nación (San José)">La Nación</a></i> (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+registr%C3%B3+la+llegada+de+m%C3%A1s+de+2%2C4+millones+de+turistas+en+2013&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft.aulast=Rodr%C3%ADguez&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nacion.com%2Feconomia%2FCosta-Rica-registra-millones-turistas_0_1390861044.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rojas2004-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rojas2004_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas2004" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rojas, JE (29 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2004/diciembre/29/economia0.html">"Turismo, principal motor de la economía durante el 2004"</a> [Tourism, the principal engine of the economy in 2004]. <i><a href="/wiki/La_Naci%C3%B3n_(San_Jos%C3%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="La Nación (San José)">La Nación</a></i> (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Naci%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=Turismo%2C+principal+motor+de+la+econom%C3%ADa+durante+el+2004&rft.date=2004-12-29&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=JE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwvw.nacion.com%2Fln_ee%2F2004%2Fdiciembre%2F29%2Feconomia0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inman1997-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inman1997_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inman1997_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInman1997" class="citation web cs1">Inman, C (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fama2.us.es:8080/turismo/turismonet1/economia%20del%20turismo/turismo%20y%20medio%20ambiente/ECOTOURISM%20IN%20COSTA%20RICA.PDF">"Impacts on developing countries of changing production and consumption patterns in developed countries: the case of ecotourism in Costa Rica"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Alajuela, Costa Rica: <a href="/wiki/INCAE_Business_School" title="INCAE Business School">INCAE Business School</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100104065920/http://fama2.us.es:8080/turismo/turismonet1/economia%20del%20turismo/turismo%20y%20medio%20ambiente/ECOTOURISM%20IN%20COSTA%20RICA.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Impacts+on+developing+countries+of+changing+production+and+consumption+patterns+in+developed+countries%3A+the+case+of+ecotourism+in+Costa+Rica&rft.place=Alajuela%2C+Costa+Rica&rft.pub=INCAE+Business+School&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Inman&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffama2.us.es%3A8080%2Fturismo%2Fturismonet1%2Feconomia%2520del%2520turismo%2Fturismo%2520y%2520medio%2520ambiente%2FECOTOURISM%2520IN%2520COSTA%2520RICA.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-visitcostarica-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-visitcostarica_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartamento_de_Estadísticas_ICT2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Departamento de Estadísticas ICT (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110302194925/http://www.visitcostarica.com/ict/backoffice/treeDoc/files/Anuario%20de%20Turismo%202006%20(VERSION%20FINAL).pdf">"Anuário estadísticas de demanda 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Intituto Costarricense de Turismo. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcostarica.com/ict/backoffice/treeDoc/files/Anuario%20de%20Turismo%202006%20(VERSION%20FINAL).pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anu%C3%A1rio+estad%C3%ADsticas+de+demanda+2006&rft.pub=Intituto+Costarricense+de+Turismo&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Departamento+de+Estad%C3%ADsticas+ICT&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitcostarica.com%2Fict%2Fbackoffice%2FtreeDoc%2Ffiles%2FAnuario%2520de%2520Turismo%25202006%2520%28VERSION%2520FINAL%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wef2013-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wef2013_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Blanke_and_Thea_Chiesa2013" class="citation web cs1">Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, ed. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf">"Travel & tourism competitiveness report 2013"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a>, Geneva, Switzerland<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Travel+%26+tourism+competitiveness+report+2013&rft.pub=World+Economic+Forum%2C+Geneva%2C+Switzerland&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.weforum.org%2Fdocs%2FWEF_TT_Competitiveness_Report_2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll2007-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Carroll2007_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2007" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, R (6 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jan/07/rorycarroll.theobserver">"Ortega banks on tourism to beat poverty"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ortega+banks+on+tourism+to+beat+poverty&rft.date=2007-01-06&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fjan%2F07%2Frorycarroll.theobserver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sify-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sify_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082140/http://www.sify.com/news/nicaragua-exceeds-one-mn-foreign-tourists-for-first-time-news-international-km4ladiidea.html">"Nicaragua exceeds one mn foreign tourists for first time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sify" title="Sify">Sify</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sify.com/news/nicaragua-exceeds-one-mn-foreign-tourists-for-first-time-news-international-km4ladiidea.html">the original</a> on 17 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sify&rft.atitle=Nicaragua+exceeds+one+mn+foreign+tourists+for+first+time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sify.com%2Fnews%2Fnicaragua-exceeds-one-mn-foreign-tourists-for-first-time-news-international-km4ladiidea.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACentral+America" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Berger, Mark T. <i>Under Northern Eyes: Latin American Studies and Us Hegemony in the Americas, 1898–1990</i>. (Indiana UP, 1995).</li> <li>Biekart, Kees. "Assessing the 'arrival of Democracy' in Central America." (2014): 117–126. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repub.eur.nl/pub/51064/Metis_198906.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Bowman, Kirk, Fabrice Lehoucq, and James Mahoney. "Measuring political democracy: Case expertise, data adequacy, and Central America." <i>Comparative Political Studies</i> 38.8 (2005): 939–970. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/download/48163905/BLM_20final_20paper_20for_20web.pdf">online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li>Craig, Kern William. "Public Policy in Central America: An Empirical Analysis." <i>Public Administration Research</i> 2.2 (2013): 105+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academia.edu/download/38904624/2013-Public_Policy_in_Central_America-corrected_copy.pdf">online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>.</li> <li>Dym, Jordana. <i>From Sovereign Villages to National States: City, State, and Federation in Central America, 1759–1839</i> (UNM Press, 2006).</li> <li>von Feigenblatt, Otto Federico. "Costa Rica's Neo-Realist Foreign Policy: Lifting the Veil Hiding the Discursive Co-Optation of Human Rights, Human Security, and Cosmopolitan Official Rhetoric." <i>International Journal of Arts & Sciences Conference,</i> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1308290">online</a></li> <li>Krenn, Michael L. <i>The Chains of Interdependence: US Policy Toward Central America, 1945–1954</i> (ME Sharpe, 1996).</li> <li>Kruijt, Dirk. <i>Guerrillas: War and Peace in Central America</i> (2013).</li> <li>LaFeber, Walter. <i>Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central America</i> (WW Norton & Company, 1993).</li> <li>Leonard, Thomas M. "Central America and the United States: Overlooked foreign policy objectives." <i>The Americas</i> (1993): 1–30 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1007262">online</a>.</li> <li>Oliva, Karen, and Chad Rector. "Unbalanced Regional Political Integration Is Unstable: Evidence from the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)." Available at SSRN 2429123 (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2429123">online</a>.</li> <li>Pearcy, Thomas L. <i>We Answer Only to God: Politics and the Military in Panama, 1903–1947</i> (University of New Mexico Press, 1998).</li> <li>Pérez, Orlando J. <i>Historical Dictionary of El Salvador</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016).</li> <li>Perez-Brignoli, Hector. <i>A Brief History of Central America</i> (Univ of California Press, 1989).</li> <li>Sola, Mauricio. <i>U.S. Intervention and Regime Change in Nicaragua</i> (U of Nebraska Press, 2005).</li> <li>Topik, Steven C., and Allen Wells, eds. <i>The Second Conquest of Latin America: Coffee, Henequen, and Oil During the Export Boom, 1850–1930</i> (U of Texas Press, 2010).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_America&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314083919/http://www.bartleby.com/61/8/C0200800.html">American Heritage Dictionaries, Central America</a> (archived 14 March 2007)</li> <li>Central America. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbiagazetteer.org/The">Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></i>. 2006. New York: Columbia University Press.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consuelo_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Consuelo Hernández">Hernández, Consuelo</a> (2009). Reconstruyendo a Centroamérica a través de la poesía. <i>Voces y perspectivas en la poesia latinoamericana del siglo XX</i>. Madrid: Visor.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Central America</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Central_America" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Central America">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Central_America" class="extiw" title="c:Central America">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Central_America" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Central America">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Category:Central_Americans" class="extiw" title="q:Category:Central Americans">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Central_America" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Central America">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Central_America" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Central America">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Central_America" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Central America">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Central_America" class="extiw" title="voy:Central America">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27611" class="extiw" title="d:Q27611">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494/search?query=geographic-region%3A%22Mexico%2C+Central+America+and+the+Caribbean%22&rpp=20&sort_by=0&order=DESC&submit=Go">Central America Video Links</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160115205405/https://repository.library.georgetown.edu/handle/10822/552494">Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lanic.utexas.edu/country/central/LANIC">Central America country pages</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2022">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachingcentralamerica.org/">Teaching Central America</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_America41" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_America_topic" title="Template:Central America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_America_topic" title="Template talk:Central America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_America41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_American_music26" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_American_music" title="Template:Central American music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_American_music" title="Template talk:Central American music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_American_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central American music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_American_music26" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_American_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American music">Central American music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Belize" title="Music of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Costa_Rica" title="Music of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_music" title="Garifuna music">Garifuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Guatemala" title="Music of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Honduras" title="Music of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_music" title="Maya music">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nicaragua" title="Music of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Panama" title="Music of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_American_volcanoes352" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_American_volcanoes" title="Template:Central American volcanoes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_American_volcanoes" title="Template talk:Central American volcanoes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_American_volcanoes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central American volcanoes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_American_volcanoes352" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_America_Volcanic_Arc" title="Central America Volcanic Arc">Central American volcanoes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Guatemala" title="List of volcanoes in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acatenango" title="Acatenango">Acatenango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_de_Agua" title="Volcán de Agua">Agua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almolonga" title="Almolonga">Almolonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Atitl%C3%A1n" title="Volcán Atitlán">Atitlán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicabal" title="Chicabal">Chicabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuilapa-Barbarena" title="Cuilapa-Barbarena">Cuilapa-Barbarena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_de_Fuego" title="Volcán de Fuego">Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Jumay" title="Volcán Jumay">Jumay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyuta_(volcano)" title="Moyuta (volcano)">Moyuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacaya" title="Pacaya">Pacaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(volcano)" title="Santa María (volcano)">Santa María/Santiaguito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_San_Pedro" title="Volcán San Pedro">San Pedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Santo_Tom%C3%A1s" title="Volcán Santo Tomás">Santo Tomás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Siete_Orejas" title="Volcán Siete Orejas">Siete Orejas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Tacan%C3%A1" title="Volcán Tacaná">Tacaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Tajumulco" title="Volcán Tajumulco">Tajumulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecuamburro" title="Tecuamburro">Tecuamburro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Tolim%C3%A1n" title="Volcán Tolimán">Tolimán</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacaya-10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pacaya-10.JPG/160px-Pacaya-10.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pacaya-10.JPG/240px-Pacaya-10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Pacaya-10.JPG/320px-Pacaya-10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="834" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_El_Salvador" title="List of volcanoes in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinameca_(volcano)" title="Chinameca (volcano)">Chinameca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chingo" title="Chingo">Chingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conchagua_(volcano)" title="Conchagua (volcano)">Conchagua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izalco_(volcano)" title="Izalco (volcano)">Izalco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Volcano" title="Santa Ana Volcano">Santa Ana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_(volcano)" title="San Miguel (volcano)">San Miguel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_(volcano)" title="San Salvador (volcano)">San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente_(volcano)" title="San Vicente (volcano)">San Vicente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n_(volcano)" title="Usulután (volcano)">Usulután</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Nicaragua" title="List of volcanoes in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apoyeque" title="Apoyeque">Apoyeque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Negro" title="Cerro Negro">Cerro Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concepci%C3%B3n_(volcano)" title="Concepción (volcano)">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosig%C3%BCina" title="Cosigüina">Cosigüina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maderas" title="Maderas">Maderas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaya_Volcano" title="Masaya Volcano">Masaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mombacho" title="Mombacho">Mombacho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momotombo" title="Momotombo">Momotombo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Crist%C3%B3bal_Volcano" title="San Cristóbal Volcano">San Cristóbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telica_(volcano)" title="Telica (volcano)">Telica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Costa_Rica" title="List of volcanoes in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arenal_Volcano" title="Arenal Volcano">Arenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraz%C3%BA_Volcano" title="Irazú Volcano">Irazú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miravalles_Volcano" title="Miravalles Volcano">Miravalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanar_Volcano" title="Platanar Volcano">Platanar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A1s_Volcano" title="Poás Volcano">Poás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n_de_la_Vieja_Volcano" title="Rincón de la Vieja Volcano">Rincón de la Vieja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenorio_Volcano" title="Tenorio Volcano">Tenorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turrialba_Volcano" title="Turrialba Volcano">Turrialba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Panama" title="List of volcanoes in Panama">Panama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Volc%C3%A1n_Bar%C3%BA" title="Volcán Barú">Barú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Yeguada" title="La Yeguada">La Yeguada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Valle_(volcano)" title="El Valle (volcano)">El Valle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>Note: volcanoes are ordered from north-west to south-east.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games161" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Template:Central American and Caribbean Games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Template talk:Central American and Caribbean Games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central American and Caribbean Games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games161" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central American and Caribbean Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1926_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1926 Central American and Caribbean Games">1926 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1930 Central American and Caribbean Games">1930 Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1935 Central American and Caribbean Games">1935 San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1938 Central American and Caribbean Games">1938 Panama City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1946 Central American and Caribbean Games">1946 Barranquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1950_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1950 Central American and Caribbean Games">1950 Guatemala City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1954 Central American and Caribbean Games">1954 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1959 Central American and Caribbean Games">1959 Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1962 Central American and Caribbean Games">1962 Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1966 Central American and Caribbean Games">1966 San Juan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1970 Central American and Caribbean Games">1970 Panama City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1974 Central American and Caribbean Games">1974 Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1978 Central American and Caribbean Games">1978 Medellín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1982 Central American and Caribbean Games">1982 Havana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1986 Central American and Caribbean Games">1986 Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1990 Central American and Caribbean Games">1990 Mexico City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1993 Central American and Caribbean Games">1993 Ponce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="1998 Central American and Caribbean Games">1998 Maracaibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2002 Central American and Caribbean Games">2002 San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2006 Central American and Caribbean Games">2006 Cartagena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2010 Central American and Caribbean Games">2010 Mayagüez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2014 Central American and Caribbean Games">2014 Veracruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2018 Central American and Caribbean Games">2018 Baranquilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2023 Central American and Caribbean Games">2023 San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2026_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="2026 Central American and Caribbean Games"><i>2026 Santo Domingo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2030_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2030 Central American and Caribbean Games (page does not exist)"><i>2030 TBD</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central American and Caribbean Beach Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Beach_Games" title="2022 Central American and Caribbean Beach Games">2022 Santa Marta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Beach_Games" title="2025 Central American and Caribbean Beach Games">2025 Puntarenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central American and Caribbean Junior Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=2024_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Junior_Games&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2024 Central American and Caribbean Junior Games (page does not exist)"><i>2024</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cuisine_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean371" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_topic" title="Template:Latin America and the Caribbean topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_topic" title="Template talk:Latin America and the Caribbean topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin America and the Caribbean topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cuisine_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Latin America and the Caribbean">Cuisine of Latin America and the Caribbean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuisine_of_Aruba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuisine of Aruba (page does not exist)"><i>Aruba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Barbados" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Cuba" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Curaçao"><i>Curaçao</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Dominica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Puerto Rico"><i>Puerto Rico</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuisine_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuisine of Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Saint_Lucia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuisine_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuisine of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuisine_of_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuisine of Sint Maarten (page does not exist)"><i>Sint Maarten</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Central America">Central America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Belize" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Costa_Rica" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Nicaragua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Panama" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Bolivia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuisine_of_French_Guiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuisine of French Guiana (page does not exist)"><i>French Guiana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Guyana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Suriname" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Uruguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> not included.<span class="nowrap">    </span><i>Semi-autonomous territories are in italics.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean371" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_topic" title="Template:Latin America and the Caribbean topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_topic" title="Template talk:Latin America and the Caribbean topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin America and the Caribbean topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean371" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Latin America and the Caribbean">Culture of Latin America and the Caribbean</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Caribbean" title="Culture of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Culture of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Aruba" title="Culture of Aruba"><i>Aruba</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Bahamas" title="Culture of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Barbados" title="Culture of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cuba" title="Culture of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cura%C3%A7ao" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Curaçao"><i>Curaçao</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Dominica" title="Culture of Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Culture of the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Grenada" title="Culture of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Haiti" title="Culture of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jamaica" title="Culture of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Culture of Puerto Rico"><i>Puerto Rico</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Culture of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Culture of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Sint_Maarten" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Sint Maarten"><i>Sint Maarten</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Culture of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Central_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Central America">Central America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Belize" title="Culture of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Costa_Rica" title="Culture of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Salvador" title="Culture of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guatemala" title="Culture of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Honduras" title="Culture of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nicaragua" title="Culture of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Panama" title="Culture of Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_America" title="Culture of North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mexico" title="Culture of Mexico">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_America" title="Culture of South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Argentina" title="Culture of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bolivia" title="Culture of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chile" title="Culture of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colombia" title="Culture of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ecuador" title="Culture of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of French Guiana"><i>French Guiana</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Guyana" title="Culture of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Paraguay" title="Culture of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peru" title="Culture of Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Suriname" title="Culture of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Uruguay" title="Culture of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Venezuela" title="Culture of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> not included.<span class="nowrap">    </span><i>Semi-autonomous territories are in italics.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions550" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions550" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s primary <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme" title="United Nations geoscheme">regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">Worlds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Under" title="Down Under">Down Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">Hemispheres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Land Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Water Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">Landmasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Africa-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectonic plates">Tectonic plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plateau" title="Antarctic Plateau">Antarctic Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Peninsula">Italian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">South-eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">South-western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">West South Central United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin_(sedimentary_basin)" title="Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)">Amazon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands_of_the_Americas" title="Lists of islands of the Americas">America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_America" title="List of islands of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_America" title="List of islands of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_population" title="List of European islands by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Black_Sea" title="List of islands in the Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of islands in the Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Sea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_East_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Southern Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean#World_Ocean" title="Ocean">World Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">waterbodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_lakes" title="Lists of lakes">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rivers" title="Lists of rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">Seas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rim_regions" title="Category:Rim regions">Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Rim">Atlantic Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Rim">Indian Ocean Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Rim">Mediterranean Rim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific Rim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Polar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Global_regions" title="Category:Global regions">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_East" title="Global East">Global East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Pivot_of_History#The_Heartland" title="The Geographical Pivot of History">Global Heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Global Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Northwest" title="Global Northwest">Global Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">Global South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Global Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southwest" title="Global Southwest">Global Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Global West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template:Continents of Earth">Continents of Earth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas">List of seas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Earth" title="Template:Earth">Physical Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27611#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1445" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27611#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27611#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316430132">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1244535/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvHgTmhgbRvw6qycWwpyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079486-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85021871">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00573917">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Střední Amerika"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130987&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575372">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007284971705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046200">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_America&oldid=1276087014">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_America&oldid=1276087014</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Central_America" title="Category:Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Spanish_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Spanish IPA">Pages with Spanish IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)">Articles with Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2019">Use dmy dates from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2025" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2025">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_January_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Convert_errors" title="Category:Convert errors">Convert errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_January_2019" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from January 2019">Vague or ambiguous time from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2025" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from January 2025">Articles with dead external links from January 2025</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2022">Articles with dead external links from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_default_search" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with default search">Pages using Sister project links with default search</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 20:25<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_America&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Central America</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>161 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c5dd74596-mdwxw","wgBackendResponseTime":138,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.360","walltime":"2.881","ppvisitednodes":{"value":23146,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":396541,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":32031,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":111,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":437262,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2393.746 1 -total"," 20.61% 493.306 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.14% 338.391 1 Template:Infobox_Continent"," 13.98% 334.583 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.45% 226.298 32 Template:Cite_web"," 7.63% 182.527 4 Template:Efn"," 7.16% 171.423 1 Template:Sort_under"," 5.94% 142.306 2 Template:Langx"," 5.82% 139.410 16 Template:Fix"," 5.78% 138.468 11 Template:Citation_needed"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.096","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":26138285,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","21.5"],["?","200","15.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","180","13.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","12.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","40","3.1"],["\u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","3.1"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","3.1"],["[others]","220","16.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-54bc5bdf84-nsc2s","timestamp":"20250217192637","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Central America","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Central_America","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q27611","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q27611","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-08-17T14:08:16Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T20:25:07Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3b\/Central_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg","headline":"subregion of the Americas"}</script> </body> </html>