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id="toc-Soviet_invasion_of_Poland,_1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Deportations,_arrests,_and_the_reign_of_terror" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deportations,_arrests,_and_the_reign_of_terror"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Deportations, arrests, and the reign of terror </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deportations,_arrests,_and_the_reign_of_terror-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Soviet–German_War_1941–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Soviet–German_War_1941–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 The Soviet–German War 1941–1945 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Soviet–German_War_1941–1945-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle The Soviet–German War 1941–1945 subsection </button> <ul id="toc-The_Soviet–German_War_1941–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sovietization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sovietization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Sovietization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sovietization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republic_of_Belarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republic_of_Belarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Republic of Belarus </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republic_of_Belarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Western Belorussia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" > 27 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="غرب بيلاروسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرب بيلاروسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D1%88_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Көнбайыш Белоруссия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көнбайыш Белоруссия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Заходняя Беларусь – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Заходняя Беларусь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Заходняя Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Bjelorusija" title="Zapadna Bjelorusija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadna Bjelorusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_B%C4%9Blorusko" title="Západní Bělorusko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní Bělorusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4%C3%A4ne-Valgevene" title="Lääne-Valgevene – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lääne-Valgevene" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorrusia_Occidental" title="Bielorrusia Occidental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bielorrusia Occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="بلاروس غربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلاروس غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie_occidentale" title="Biélorussie occidentale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biélorussie occidentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EB%B2%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="서벨라루스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서벨라루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_Bjelorusija" title="Zapadna Bjelorusija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna Bjelorusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belorusia_Barat" title="Belorusia Barat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Belorusia Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="מערב בלארוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מערב בלארוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumbaltkrievija" title="Rietumbaltkrievija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumbaltkrievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vakar%C5%B3_Baltarusija" title="Vakarų Baltarusija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vakarų Baltarusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Западна Белорусија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Западна Белорусија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachodnia_Bia%C5%82oru%C5%9B" title="Zachodnia Białoruś – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zachodnia Białoruś" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorr%C3%BAssia_Ocidental" title="Bielorrússia Ocidental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bielorrússia Ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusul_de_Vest" title="Belarusul de Vest – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Belarusul de Vest" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Западная Белоруссия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная Белоруссия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Belarus" title="West Belarus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="West Belarus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Западна Белорусија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Западна Белорусија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_Belarus" title="Batı Belarus – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Belarus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Західна Білорусь – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західна Білорусь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_Belorussia" title="Tây Belorussia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Belorussia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belarus&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Belarus">Western Belarus</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical region of Belarus</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in Historical region</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Western Belarus</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Administrative division of the Byelorussian SSR (green) before World War II with territories annexed by the USSR from Poland in 1939 (marked in shades of orange), overlaid with territory of present-day Belarus"><img alt="Administrative division of the Byelorussian SSR (green) before World War II with territories annexed by the USSR from Poland in 1939 (marked in shades of orange), overlaid with territory of present-day Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png/260px-Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png/390px-Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png/520px-Belarus_today_%26_Belorussian_SSR_in_1940.png 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="882" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Administrative division of the Byelorussian SSR (green) before World War II with territories annexed by the USSR from Poland in 1939 (marked in shades of orange), overlaid with territory of present-day Belarus <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_western_belarus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Western Belorussia in 1925 shown in dark green and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic shown in light green"><img alt="Western Belorussia in 1925 shown in dark green and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic shown in light green" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Map_of_western_belarus.png/260px-Map_of_western_belarus.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Map_of_western_belarus.png/390px-Map_of_western_belarus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Map_of_western_belarus.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="507" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Western Belorussia in 1925 shown in dark green and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic shown in light green</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, partly in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">Historical region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grodno_Region" title="Grodno Region">Grodno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brest_Region" title="Brest Region">Brest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Region" title="Minsk Region">Minsk</a> (partially) and <a href="/wiki/Vitsebsk_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitsebsk Region">Vitsebsk</a> (partially); <a href="/wiki/Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Podlaskie Voivodeship">Podlaskie Voivodeship</a> (partially), Southeastern <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a> including <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Western Belorussia or Western Belarus (<a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: Заходняя Беларусь, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Belarusian" title="Romanization of Belarusian">romanized</a>: Zachodniaja Biełaruś; <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: Zachodnia Białoruś; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: Западная Белоруссия, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: Zapadnaya Belorussiya) is a <a href="/wiki/Historical_region" title="Historical region">historical region</a> of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> which belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a>. For twenty years before the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>, it was the northern part of the Polish <a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a> <a href="/wiki/Macroregion" title="Macroregion">macroregion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cien-1">[1]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II in Europe</a>, most of Western Belorussia was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, while some of it, including <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, was given to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a>. Until the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolution of the Soviet Union</a> in 1991, Western Belorussia formed the western part of the <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (BSSR). Today, it constitutes the west of modern Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-eber-2">[2]</a> Created by the USSR after the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">conquest of Poland</a>, the new western provinces of Byelorussian SSR acquired from Poland included <a href="/wiki/Baranavichy_Voblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Baranavichy Voblast">Baranavichy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belastok_Region" title="Belastok Region">Belastok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brest_Region" title="Brest Region">Brest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vileyka_Voblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Vileyka Voblast">Vileyka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pinsk_Region" title="Pinsk Region">Pinsk</a> Regions.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> They were reorganized one more time after the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Soviet liberation of Belarus</a> into the contemporary western provinces of Belarus which include all of <a href="/wiki/Grodno_Region" title="Grodno Region">Grodno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brest_Region" title="Brest Region">Brest</a> <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">regions</a>, as well as parts of today's <a href="/wiki/Minsk_Region" title="Minsk Region">Minsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk_Region" title="Vitebsk Region">Vitebsk</a> regions. <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> was returned by the USSR to the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Lithuania">Republic of Lithuania</a> which soon after that became the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic">Lithuanian SSR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png/220px-Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png/330px-Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png/440px-Partitioned_Poland_%26_the_2nd_Republic.png 2x" data-file-width="1798" data-file-height="1518" /></a><figcaption>Outline of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Partitions of Poland</a> in <a href="/wiki/First_Partition_of_Poland" title="First Partition of Poland">1772</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland" title="Second Partition of Poland">1793</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Third_Partition_of_Poland" title="Third Partition of Poland">1795</a>, overlaid with the outline of the Second Republic (1918–1939). Most territories <a href="/wiki/Russian_Partition" title="Russian Partition">annexed by the Russian Empire</a> during the partitions (in shades of green) remained in the Soviet Union after World War I.</figcaption></figure> The territories of contemporary Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, and the Baltic states were a <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">major theatre of operations</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>; all the while, the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">Bolshevik Coup</a> overturned the interim <a href="/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government" title="Russian Provisional Government">Russian Provisional Government</a> and formed <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Soviet Russia</a>. The Bolsheviks withdrew from the war with the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> by signing the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-RFi-7">[7]</a> and ceded Belarus to Germany for the next eight and a half months.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The German high command used this window of opportunity to transfer its troops to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a> for the 1918 <a href="/wiki/German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">Spring Offensive</a>, leaving behind a <a href="/wiki/Power_vacuum" title="Power vacuum">power vacuum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sm-8">[8]</a> The non-Russians inhabiting the lands ceded by the Soviets to the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>, saw the treaty as an opportunity to set up independent states under the German umbrella. Three weeks after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918, the newly formed Belarusian Central Council founded the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_People%27s_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian People's Republic">Belarusian People's Republic</a>. The idea was rejected by the Germans, the <a href="/wiki/Bolsheviks" title="Bolsheviks">Bolsheviks</a> and the Americans. <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a> rejected it, because the Americans intended to protect the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_integrity" title="Territorial integrity">territorial integrity</a> of <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RFi-7">[7]</a> The fate of the region was not settled for the following three and a half years. The <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> which erupted in 1919, was particularly bitter; it ended with the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Riga" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Riga">Peace of Riga</a> of 1921.<a href="#cite_note-Cien-1">[1]</a> Poland and the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> emerged as independent countries bordering the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a>. The territory of modern-day Belarus was split by the treaty into Western Belorussia ruled by the Polish and the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Belorussia" title="Eastern Belorussia">Eastern Belorussia</a>, with the border town in <a href="/wiki/Mikashevichy" title="Mikashevichy">Mikaszewicze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-R&T-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-JCi-10">[10]</a> Notably, the peace treaty was signed with the full active participation of the Belarusian delegation on the Soviet side.<a href="#cite_note-MPa-11">[11]</a> In paragraph 3, Poland abandoned all rights and claims to the territories of Soviet Belarus, while Soviet Russia abandoned all rights and claims to Polish Western Belarus.<a href="#cite_note-MPa-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rada_of_the_Belarusian_Democratic_Republic_in_Exile">Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in Exile</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in Exile">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png/220px-Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png/330px-Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png/440px-Historical_borders_of_Belarusians.png 2x" data-file-width="2056" data-file-height="1727" /></a><figcaption>Presumed greatest extent of areas with Belarusian presence according to research by Belarusian ethnographers <a href="/wiki/Yefim_Karsky" title="Yefim Karsky">Yefim Karsky</a> (1903, yellow) and <a href="/wiki/Mitrofan_Dovnar-Zapol%27skiy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrofan Dovnar-Zapol'skiy">Mitrofan Dovnar-Zapol'skiy</a> (1919, red), overlaid with the territory of post-1991 Belarus (green)</figcaption></figure> As soon as the Soviet-German peace treaty was signed in March 1918, the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Rada_of_the_Belarusian_Democratic_Republic" title="Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic">Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic</a> laid territorial claims to Belarus based on areas specified in the Third Constituent Charter unilaterally as inhabited by the Belarusian majority.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The same Rada charter also declared that the Treaty of Brest-Litowsk of March 1918 was invalid because it was signed by foreign governments partitioning territories that were not theirs.<a href="#cite_note-BNR-12">[12]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In February 1919, a joint <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Belorussian_Soviet_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian Belorussian Soviet Republic">Lithuanian Belorussian Soviet Republic</a> (Litbel) was established, and then a separate <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Byelorussian SSR">Byelorussian SSR</a>. Thus, the almost unsolicited national state, which arose during the First World War, owed its existence directly to the alternative German, Russian and Polish attempts to secure control over the area. — Tania Raffass <a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></blockquote> In the Second Constituent Charter, the Rada abolished the right to private ownership of land (paragraph 7) in line with <a href="/wiki/The_Communist_Manifesto" title="The Communist Manifesto">the Communist Manifesto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BNR-12">[12]</a> Meanwhile, by 1919, the Bolsheviks took control over large parts of Belarus and forced the Belarusian Rada into exile in Germany. The Bolsheviks formed the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Soviet_Republic_of_Byelorussia" title="Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia">Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia</a> during the war with Poland on roughly the same territory claimed by the Belarusian Republic.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> ratified the new Polish-Soviet border.<a href="#cite_note-Cien-1">[1]</a> The peace agreement remained in place throughout the interwar period. The borders established between the two countries remained in force until World War II and the 17 September 1939 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a>. On <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>'s insistence, the borders were redrawn in the <a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam</a> Conferences.<a href="#cite_note-Cien-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_Polish_Republic">Second Polish Republic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Second Polish Republic">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kresy_Pn.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kresy_Pn.png/220px-Kresy_Pn.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kresy_Pn.png/330px-Kresy_Pn.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Kresy_Pn.png/440px-Kresy_Pn.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1301" /></a><figcaption>Linguistic (mother tongue) and religious structure of Northern Kresy (today parts of Belarus and Lithuania) according to the Polish census of 1931</figcaption></figure> "Despite Soviet efforts at sealing the border [with Poland], peasants – refugees from the BSSR – crossed into Poland in the tens of thousands, wrote <a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Per Anders Rudling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERudling2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrRrRBgAAQBAJpgPT206_206]-15">[15]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_census_of_1921" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish census of 1921">Polish census of 1921</a>, there were around 1 million Belarusians in the country. Some estimated the number of Belarusians in Poland at that time to be perhaps 1.7 million,<a href="#cite_note-Żarnowski-16">[16]</a> or even up to 2 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199980-17">[17]</a> Following the Peace of Riga, <a href="/wiki/Osadnik" title="Osadnik">thousands of Poles settled in the area</a>, many of them (including veterans of armed struggle for Poland's independence) were given land by the government.<a href="#cite_note-camb-18">[18]</a> In his negotiations with Belarusian leaders in Vilnius, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a> rejected the call for Western Belorussian independence. In December 1919 the Rada was dissolved by Poland, while by early January 1920 a new body was formed, the Rada Najwyższa, without aspirations for independence, but with proposed cultural, social and educational functions.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Józef Piłsudski negotiated with the Western Belorussian leadership,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> but eventually abandoned the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Intermarium" title="Intermarium">Intermarium</a>, his own proposed federation of partially self-governing states on the lands of the former <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mironowicz2007p34-21">[21]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/1922_Polish_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1922 Polish legislative election">1922 Polish legislative election</a>, the Belarusian party in the <a href="/wiki/Bloc_of_National_Minorities" title="Bloc of National Minorities">Bloc of National Minorities</a> obtained 14 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Poland" title="Parliament of Poland">Polish parliament</a> (11 of them in the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199994-22">[22]</a> In the spring of 1923, Polish <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Sikorski" title="Władysław Sikorski">Władysław Sikorski</a> ordered a report on the situation of the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_minority_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian minority in Poland">Belarusian minority in Poland</a>. That summer, a new regulation was passed allowing for the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian language</a> to officially be used in courts and schools. Obligatory teaching of the Belarusian language was introduced in all Polish <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasia</a> in areas inhabited by Belarusians in 1927.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199994-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polonization">Polonization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Polonization">edit</a>]</div> The Belarusian population of West Belarus faced active <a href="/wiki/Polonization" title="Polonization">Polonization</a> by the central Polish authorities. The policy pressured Belarusian schooling, discriminated against the Belarusian language, and imposed the Polish national identity on <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Belarus" title="Catholic Church in Belarus">Roman Catholics in Belarus</a>. In January 1921, the <a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">starosta</a> from <a href="/wiki/Wilejka" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilejka">Wilejka</a> wrote of the popular mood as being one of resignation and apathy among the Western Belorussian <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasants</a>, impoverished by food requisitions by the Bolsheviks and the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish military</a>. He insisted that, although the new Belarusian schools were 'springing up everywhere' in his county, they harbored anti-Polish attitudes.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 1928 there were 69 schools with Belarusian language in Western Belorussia; the attendance was minimal due in part to lower quality of instruction.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The first-ever <a href="/wiki/Tara%C5%A1kievica" title="Taraškievica">textbook of Belarusian grammar</a> was written only around 1918.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERudling2015p._120_(6_of_13_in_PDF)-25">[25]</a> In 1939, over 90% of children in Poland attended school.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> As elsewhere, the educational systems promoted Polish language there also.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Meanwhile, the Belarusian agitators deported to the USSR from Poland were put in prison by the Soviet <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">bourgeois nationalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Most Polish inhabitants of the region supported the policy of <a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">cultural assimilation</a> of Belarusians as proposed by <a href="/wiki/Roman_Dmowski" title="Roman Dmowski">Dmowski</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The polonization drive was inspired and influenced by Dmowski's Polish <a href="/wiki/National_Democracy_(Poland)" title="National Democracy (Poland)">National Democracy</a>, who advocated refusing Belarusians and Ukrainians the right of free national development.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Studnicki" title="Władysław Studnicki">Władysław Studnicki</a>, an influential Polish official, stated that Poland's engagement in the East amounts to a much needed economic <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_nationalism" title="Belarusian nationalism">Belarusian nationalist</a> media was pressured and <a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">censored</a> by the Polish authorities.<a href="#cite_note-karenieuskaja-32">[32]</a> Belarusians were divided along religious lines with roughly 70% being Orthodox and 30% Roman Catholic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERudling2015p._120_(6_of_13_in_PDF)-25">[25]</a> According to Russian sources, discrimination was targeting assimilation of Eastern Orthodox Belarusians.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> The Polish church authorities promoted <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> in Orthodox services,<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> and initiated the creation of the Polish Orthodox Societies in four cities including <a href="/wiki/Slonim" title="Slonim">Slonim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vawkavysk" title="Vawkavysk">Vawkavysk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Novogrudok" title="Novogrudok">Novogrodek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> The Belarusian Roman Catholic priest Fr. <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Hadle%C5%ADski" title="Vincent Hadleŭski">Vincent Hadleŭski</a> who promoted Belarusian in church,<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> and Belarusian national awareness, was under pressure by his Polish counterparts.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> The Polish Catholic Church in Western Belorussia issued documents to priests about the usage of the Belarusian language rather than Polish language in Churches and Catholic Sunday Schools. The Warsaw-published instruction of the Polish Catholic Church from 1921 criticized priests preaching in Belarusian at the <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Catholic masses</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hramada">Hramada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hramada">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1_stol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1_stol.jpg/220px-1_stol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1_stol.jpg/330px-1_stol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1_stol.jpg/440px-1_stol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Children gathered at the dining hall of the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Gymnasium_of_Vilnia" title="Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia">Belarusian Gymnasium of Vilnia</a>, Poland, 1935</figcaption></figure> Compared to the (larger) <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_in_Poland" title="Ukrainians in Poland">Ukrainian minority living in Poland</a>, Belarusians were much less politically aware and active. The largest Belarusian political organization was the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Peasants%27_and_Workers%27_Union" title="Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union">Belarusian Peasants' and Workers' Union</a>, also referred to as the Hramada. Hramada received logistical help from the Soviet Union and the <a href="/wiki/Communist_International" title="Communist International">Communist International</a> and served as a cover for the radical and subversive <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Western_Belorussia" title="Communist Party of Western Belorussia">Communist Party of Western Belorussia</a>. It was therefore banned by the Polish authorities,<a href="#cite_note-kresy24.pl-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Savchenko-36">[36]</a> its leaders sentenced to various terms in prison and then deported to the USSR, where they were killed by the Soviet regime.<a href="#cite_note-150pytanniau-37">[37]</a> Tensions between the increasingly nationalistic Polish government and various increasingly separatist ethnic minorities continued to grow, and the Belarusian minority was no exception. Likewise, according to <a href="/wiki/Marek_Jan_Chodakiewicz" title="Marek Jan Chodakiewicz">Marek Jan Chodakiewicz</a>, the USSR considered Poland to be "enemy number one".<a href="#cite_note-Chodakiewicz-38">[38]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Great Purge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_National_District" title="Polish National District">Polish National District</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dzyarzhynsk" title="Dzyarzhynsk">Dzyarzhynsk</a> was disbanded and the Soviet NKVD undertook the so-called <a href="/wiki/Polish_Operation_of_the_NKVD" title="Polish Operation of the NKVD">"Polish Operation"</a> (from approximately August 25, 1937, to November 15, 1938) – where the Poles in East Belorussia, i.e. BSSR, were deported and executed.<a href="#cite_note-Chodakiewicz-38">[38]</a> The operation caused the deaths of up to 250,000 people – out of an official ethnic Polish population of 636,000 – as a result of <a href="/wiki/Political_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Political murder">political murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> or <a href="/wiki/Starvation" title="Starvation">starvation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chodakiewicz-38">[38]</a> Amongst these, at least 111,091 members of the Polish minority were shot by <a href="/wiki/NKVD_troika" title="NKVD troika">NKVD troika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chodakiewicz-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-balticnorthernminorities-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-memo.ru-40">[40]</a> According to Bogdan Musiał, many were murdered in prison executions.<a href="#cite_note-balticnorthernminorities-39">[39]</a> In addition, several hundred thousand ethnic Poles from Belarus and Ukraine were deported to other parts of the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-Chodakiewicz-38">[38]</a> The Soviets also promoted the Soviet-controlled BSSR as formally autonomous to attract Belarusians living in Poland. This image was attractive to many Western Belorussian national leaders, and some of them, like <a href="/wiki/Frantsishak_Alyakhnovich" title="Frantsishak Alyakhnovich">Frantsishak Alyakhnovich</a> or <a href="/wiki/U%C5%82adzimir_%C5%BDy%C5%82ka" title="Uładzimir Žyłka">Uładzimir Žyłka</a> emigrated from Poland to the BSSR, but very soon became victims of <a href="/wiki/Soviet_repressions_in_Belarus" title="Soviet repressions in Belarus">Soviet repression</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> The table below shows a comparison of the number of Belarusians and the number of Poles in Western Belarus based on the 1931 census (questions about <a href="/wiki/First_language" title="First language">mother tongue</a> and religion). Belarusian/Poleshuk("Tutejszy")/Russian and Orthodox/Greek Catholic plurality or majority counties are highlighted with yellow, while Polish and Roman Catholic plurality or majority counties are highlighted with pink: <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <caption>Belarusian and Polish population in voivodeships with significant Belarusian population according to the 1931 census </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Today part of </th> <th>County part of Voivodeship </th> <th>County </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Belarusian, Poleshuk & Russian </th> <th>% </th> <th>Polish </th> <th>% </th> <th>Orthodox & Uniate </th> <th>% </th> <th>Roman Catholic </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Braslaw" title="Braslaw">Braslaw</a> </td> <td>143161 </td> <td>37689 </td> <td>26.3% </td> <td>93958 </td> <td>65.6% </td> <td>29713 </td> <td>20.8% </td> <td>89020 </td> <td>62.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dzisna" title="Dzisna">Dzisna</a> </td> <td>159886 </td> <td>85051 </td> <td>53.2% </td> <td>62282 </td> <td>39.0% </td> <td>88118 </td> <td>55.1% </td> <td>56895 </td> <td>35.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maladzyechna" title="Maladzyechna">Molodechno</a> </td> <td>91285 </td> <td>49747 </td> <td>54.5% </td> <td>35523 </td> <td>38.9% </td> <td>63074 </td> <td>69.1% </td> <td>21704 </td> <td>23.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashmyany" title="Ashmyany">Oshmyany</a> </td> <td>104612 </td> <td>11064 </td> <td>10.6% </td> <td>84951 </td> <td>81.2% </td> <td>15125 </td> <td>14.5% </td> <td>81369 </td> <td>77.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pastavy" title="Pastavy">Pastavy</a> </td> <td>99907 </td> <td>49071 </td> <td>49.1% </td> <td>47917 </td> <td>48.0% </td> <td>44477 </td> <td>44.5% </td> <td>50751 </td> <td>50.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ven%C4%8Dionys" title="Švenčionys">Švenčionys</a> </td> <td>136475 </td> <td>16814 </td> <td>12.3% </td> <td>68441 </td> <td>50.1% </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>117524 </td> <td>86.1% <a href="#cite_note-41">[Note 1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vilyeyka" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilyeyka">Vilyeyka</a> </td> <td>131070 </td> <td>65220 </td> <td>49.8% </td> <td>59477 </td> <td>45.4% </td> <td>70664 </td> <td>53.9% </td> <td>53168 </td> <td>40.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trakai" title="Trakai">Vilnius-Trakai</a> </td> <td>214472 </td> <td>9263 </td> <td>4.3% </td> <td>180546 </td> <td>84.2% </td> <td>2988 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>201053 </td> <td>93.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilno_Voivodeship_(1926%E2%80%931939)" title="Wilno Voivodeship (1926–1939)">Wilno</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius City</a> </td> <td>195071 </td> <td>9109 </td> <td>4.7% </td> <td>128628 </td> <td>65.9% </td> <td>9598 </td> <td>4.9% </td> <td>125999 </td> <td>64.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Total in Wilno Voivodeship </td> <td>1275939 </td> <td>333028 </td> <td>26.1% </td> <td>761723 </td> <td>59.7% </td> <td>325735 </td> <td>25.5% </td> <td>797483 </td> <td>62.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baranavichy" title="Baranavichy">Baranavichy</a> </td> <td>161038 </td> <td>70627 </td> <td>43.9% </td> <td>74916 </td> <td>46.5% </td> <td>99118 </td> <td>61.5% </td> <td>45126 </td> <td>28.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lida" title="Lida">Lida</a> </td> <td>183485 </td> <td>20538 </td> <td>11.2% </td> <td>145609 </td> <td>79.4% </td> <td>23025 </td> <td>12.5% </td> <td>144627 </td> <td>78.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nyasvizh" title="Nyasvizh">Nyasvizh</a> </td> <td>114464 </td> <td>77094 </td> <td>67.4% </td> <td>27933 </td> <td>24.4% </td> <td>82245 </td> <td>71.9% </td> <td>22378 </td> <td>19.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Novogrudok" title="Novogrudok">Novogrudok</a> </td> <td>149536 </td> <td>103783 </td> <td>69.4% </td> <td>35084 </td> <td>23.5% </td> <td>109162 </td> <td>73.0% </td> <td>28796 </td> <td>19.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slonim" title="Slonim">Slonim</a> </td> <td>126510 </td> <td>63445 </td> <td>50.2% </td> <td>52313 </td> <td>41.4% </td> <td>89724 </td> <td>70.9% </td> <td>23817 </td> <td>18.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stowbtsy" title="Stowbtsy">Stowbtsy</a> </td> <td>99389 </td> <td>40875 </td> <td>41.1% </td> <td>51820 </td> <td>52.1% </td> <td>54076 </td> <td>54.4% </td> <td>37856 </td> <td>38.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shchuchyn" title="Shchuchyn">Shchuchyn</a> </td> <td>107203 </td> <td>10658 </td> <td>9.9% </td> <td>89462 </td> <td>83.5% </td> <td>38900 </td> <td>36.3% </td> <td>60097 </td> <td>56.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Nowogródek Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Nowogródek</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Valozhyn" title="Valozhyn">Valozhyn</a> </td> <td>115522 </td> <td>33240 </td> <td>28.8% </td> <td>76722 </td> <td>66.4% </td> <td>47923 </td> <td>41.5% </td> <td>61852 </td> <td>53.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Total in Nowogródek Voivodeship </td> <td>1057147 </td> <td>420260 </td> <td>39.8% </td> <td>553859 </td> <td>52.4% </td> <td>544173 </td> <td>51.5% </td> <td>424549 </td> <td>40.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a> </td> <td>215927 </td> <td>115323 </td> <td>53.4% </td> <td>50248 </td> <td>23.3% </td> <td>135911 </td> <td>62.9% </td> <td>43020 </td> <td>19.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drahichyn" title="Drahichyn">Drahichyn</a> </td> <td>97040 </td> <td>81557 </td> <td>84.0% </td> <td>6844 </td> <td>7.1% </td> <td>83147 </td> <td>85.7% </td> <td>5699 </td> <td>5.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kamin-Kashyrskyi" title="Kamin-Kashyrskyi">Kamin-Kashyrskyi</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[Note 2]</a> </td> <td>94988 </td> <td>75699 </td> <td>79.7% </td> <td>6692 </td> <td>7.0% </td> <td>83113 </td> <td>87.5% </td> <td>6026 </td> <td>6.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kobryn" title="Kobryn">Kobryn</a> </td> <td>113972 </td> <td>71435 </td> <td>62.7% </td> <td>10040 </td> <td>8.8% </td> <td>93426 </td> <td>82.0% </td> <td>8973 </td> <td>7.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kosava,_Belarus" title="Kosava, Belarus">Kosava</a> </td> <td>83696 </td> <td>68769 </td> <td>82.2% </td> <td>8456 </td> <td>10.1% </td> <td>68941 </td> <td>82.4% </td> <td>7810 </td> <td>9.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luninyets" title="Luninyets">Luninyets</a> </td> <td>108663 </td> <td>83769 </td> <td>77.1% </td> <td>16535 </td> <td>15.2% </td> <td>85728 </td> <td>78.9% </td> <td>13754 </td> <td>12.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pinsk" title="Pinsk">Pinsk</a> </td> <td>184305 </td> <td>128787 </td> <td>69.9% </td> <td>29077 </td> <td>15.8% </td> <td>140022 </td> <td>76.0% </td> <td>16465 </td> <td>8.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pruzhany" title="Pruzhany">Pruzhany</a> </td> <td>108583 </td> <td>81032 </td> <td>74.6% </td> <td>17762 </td> <td>16.4% </td> <td>82015 </td> <td>75.5% </td> <td>16311 </td> <td>15.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Polesie_Voivodeship" title="Polesie Voivodeship">Polesie</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stolin" title="Stolin">Stolin</a> </td> <td>124765 </td> <td>92253 </td> <td>73.9% </td> <td>18452 </td> <td>14.8% </td> <td>105280 </td> <td>84.4% </td> <td>6893 </td> <td>5.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Total in Polesie Voivodeship </td> <td>1131939 </td> <td>798624 </td> <td>70.6% </td> <td>164106 </td> <td>14.5% </td> <td>877583 </td> <td>77.5% </td> <td>124951 </td> <td>11.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w" title="Augustów">Augustów</a> </td> <td>74751 </td> <td>1582 </td> <td>2.1% </td> <td>68674 </td> <td>91.9% </td> <td>875 </td> <td>1.2% </td> <td>67821 </td> <td>90.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok City</a> </td> <td>91101 </td> <td>3781 </td> <td>4.2% </td> <td>46386 </td> <td>50.9% </td> <td>7628 </td> <td>8.4% </td> <td>41493 </td> <td>45.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_County" title="Białystok County">Białystok County</a> </td> <td>140078 </td> <td>11465 </td> <td>8.2% </td> <td>116709 </td> <td>83.3% </td> <td>22035 </td> <td>15.7% </td> <td>105685 </td> <td>75.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bielsk_Podlaski" title="Bielsk Podlaski">Bielsk Podlaski</a> </td> <td>202410 </td> <td>70356 </td> <td>34.8% </td> <td>111377 </td> <td>55.0% </td> <td>91749 </td> <td>45.3% </td> <td>91215 </td> <td>45.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania"><img alt="Lithuania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a> </td> <td>213105 </td> <td>69832 </td> <td>32.8% </td> <td>101089 </td> <td>47.4% </td> <td>87205 </td> <td>40.9% </td> <td>89122 </td> <td>41.8% <a href="#cite_note-43">[Note 3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a> </td> <td>168167 </td> <td>129 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>146308 </td> <td>87.0% </td> <td>295 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>145230 </td> <td>86.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a> </td> <td>112587 </td> <td>49 </td> <td>0.0% </td> <td>104341 </td> <td>92.7% </td> <td>166 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>103871 </td> <td>92.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Mazowiecka" title="Ostrów Mazowiecka">Ostrów Mazowiecka</a> </td> <td>99741 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>0.1% </td> <td>85925 </td> <td>86.1% </td> <td>160 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>85540 </td> <td>85.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sok%C3%B3%C5%82ka" title="Sokółka">Sokółka</a> </td> <td>103135 </td> <td>2107 </td> <td>2.0% </td> <td>92816 </td> <td>90.0% </td> <td>13329 </td> <td>12.9% </td> <td>81030 </td> <td>78.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a> </td> <td>110124 </td> <td>6289 </td> <td>5.7% </td> <td>85707 </td> <td>77.8% </td> <td>1519 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>87350 </td> <td>79.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Szczuczyn" title="Szczuczyn">Szczuczyn</a> </td> <td>68215 </td> <td>117 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>60935 </td> <td>89.3% </td> <td>200 </td> <td>0.3% </td> <td>60763 </td> <td>89.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vawkavysk" title="Vawkavysk">Volkovysk</a> </td> <td>171327 </td> <td>74823 </td> <td>43.7% </td> <td>83111 </td> <td>48.5% </td> <td>80621 </td> <td>47.1% </td> <td>76373 </td> <td>44.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Białystok</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wysokie_Mazowieckie" title="Wysokie Mazowieckie">Wysokie Mazowieckie</a> </td> <td>89103 </td> <td>148 </td> <td>0.2% </td> <td>78881 </td> <td>88.5% </td> <td>376 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>78584 </td> <td>88.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Total in Białystok Voivodeship </td> <td>1643844 </td> <td>240738 </td> <td>14.6% </td> <td>1182259 </td> <td>71.9% </td> <td>306158 </td> <td>18.6% </td> <td>1114077 </td> <td>67.8% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">Total in four voivodeships </th> <th>5108869 </th> <th>1792650 </th> <th>35.1% </th> <th>2661947 </th> <th>52.1% </th> <th>2053649 </th> <th>40.2% </th> <th>2461060 </th> <th>48.2% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soviet_invasion_of_Poland,_1939">Soviet invasion of Poland, 1939</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Soviet invasion of Poland, 1939">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_annexation_of_Western_Belorussia" title="Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia">Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif/220px-Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif/330px-Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif/440px-Kamp-wrzes22-anim.gif 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Animated map of the 1939 <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Soviet_order_of_battle_for_invasion_of_Poland_in_1939" title="Soviet order of battle for invasion of Poland in 1939">Soviet order of battle</a> marked in dark pink.</figcaption></figure> Soon after the Nazi-Soviet <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Nazi–Soviet Pact</a>, the area of Western Belorussia <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union">was formally annexed</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic">Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (BSSR). The Soviet secret police <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, aided by the Red Army, organized <a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_People%27s_Assemblies_of_Western_Ukraine_and_Western_Belorussia" title="Elections to the People's Assemblies of Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia">staged elections</a> which were decided in the atmosphere of intimidation and state terror.<a href="#cite_note-Wegner-74-44">[41]</a> The Soviet occupational administration held the elections on October 22, 1939, less than two weeks after the invasion.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> The citizens were threatened repeatedly that their deportations to Siberia were imminent. The ballot envelopes were numbered to remain traceable and usually handed over already sealed.<a href="#cite_note-Wegner-74-44">[41]</a> The referendum was rigged. By design, the candidates were unknown to their constituencies which were brought to the voting stations by armed guards.<a href="#cite_note-Gross/1997-46">[43]</a> The so-called <a href="/wiki/Elections_to_the_People%27s_Assemblies_of_Western_Ukraine_and_Western_Belorussia" title="Elections to the People's Assemblies of Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia">Elections to the People's Assemblies of Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia</a> were conducted in Russian.<a href="#cite_note-Wegner-74-44">[41]</a> On October 30, the People's Assembly session held in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Belastok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Białystok Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Polish Białystok</a>) affirmed the Soviet decision to join the <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic">Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic</a> (BSSR) with the USSR.<a href="#cite_note-Evolutio-47">[44]</a> Nevertheless, the unification voting in the People's Assembly of Western Belorussia was not fully successful during the first attempt because 10 <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a>, who were elected to the People's Assembly of Western Belorussia, initially voted against the unification of Western Belorussia with the Belarusian SSR and explained that they instead want to unite with <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, thus the voting had to be repeated and eventually succeeded.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> The petition was officially accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Soviet of the USSR">Supreme Soviet of the USSR</a> on November 2 and by the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR on November 12, 1939.<a href="#cite_note-Evolutio-47">[44]</a> From then on, all citizens of Poland but also born in Poland would find themselves living in the Byelorussian <a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic">SSR</a> as the Soviet subjects, without the recognition of their Polish citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-49">[46]</a> The Soviet propaganda portrayed the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a> as the "reunion of Western Belorussia and Ukraine". Many ethnic Belarusians and Jews welcomed unification with the BSSR. Mostly wealthy groups of citizens changed their attitude after experiencing firsthand the style of the Soviet system.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-49">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stosunki-50">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deportations,_arrests,_and_the_reign_of_terror">Deportations, arrests, and the reign of terror</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Deportations, arrests, and the reign of terror">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sybiracy_(deportacje_1940-1941).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sybiracy_%28deportacje_1940-1941%29.jpg/250px-Sybiracy_%28deportacje_1940-1941%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sybiracy_%28deportacje_1940-1941%29.jpg/375px-Sybiracy_%28deportacje_1940-1941%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Sybiracy_%28deportacje_1940-1941%29.jpg/500px-Sybiracy_%28deportacje_1940-1941%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="581" /></a><figcaption>Polish families deported to Siberia after the Soviet annexation of the eastern regions of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Soviets quickly began confiscating, nationalizing, and redistributing all private and state-owned property.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a> During the two years following the annexation, the Soviets arrested approximately 100,000 Polish citizens across Kresy.<a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a> Due to a lack of access to the secret Soviet and Belarusian archives, for many years after the war the estimates of the number of Polish citizens deported to Siberia from the areas of Western Belorussia, as well as the number who perished under Soviet rule, were only estimated.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> In August 2009, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Soviet invasion, the authoritative <a href="/wiki/Polish_Institute_of_National_Remembrance" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Institute of National Remembrance">Polish Institute of National Remembrance</a> announced that its researchers reduced the estimate of the number of people deported to Siberia to 320,000 in total. Some 150,000 Polish citizens perished under Soviet rule.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a> The majority of <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians_in_Belarus" title="Lithuanians in Belarus">Lithuanians in Belarus</a> <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a> and communists were also repressed.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Soviet–German_War_1941–1945">The Soviet–German War 1941–1945</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Soviet–German War 1941–1945">edit</a>]</div> The terms of the <a href="/wiki/Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact" title="Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact">Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact</a> signed earlier in Moscow were soon broken, when the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German Army</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Poland (1939–45)">Soviet occupation zone</a> on June 22, 1941. After <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, most of Western Belorussia became part of the German <a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ostland" title="Reichskommissariat Ostland">Reichskommissariat Ostland</a> (RKO), as the so-called <a href="/wiki/Generalbezirk_Weissruthenien" class="mw-redirect" title="Generalbezirk Weissruthenien">Generalbezirk Weißruthenien</a> (General Region of White Ruthenia). Many ethnic Belarusians supported Nazi Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Stosunki2-56">[53]</a> By the end of 1942, sworn Germanophile <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Yermachenka" title="Ivan Yermachenka">Ivan Yermachenka</a> formed the pro-Nazi BNS organization with 30,000 members.<a href="#cite_note-LRe2-57">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Belarusian Auxiliary Police">Belarusian Auxiliary Police</a> was formed.<a href="#cite_note-LRe2-57">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-gwminsk-58">[55]</a> Known to the Germans as the <a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a>, the ethnic Belarusian police played an indispensable role in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Belarus" title="The Holocaust in Belarus">the Holocaust in Belarus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MDe-59">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASi-1-60">[57]</a> notably during the second wave of the ghetto liquidations,<a href="#cite_note-ASi-61">[58]</a> starting in February–March 1942.<a href="#cite_note-gwminsk-58">[55]</a> In 1945, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Alliance (World War II)">Big Three</a>, Great Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, <a href="/wiki/Territorial_changes_of_Poland_after_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial changes of Poland after World War II">established new borders for Poland</a>. Most of Western Belarus remained part of the BSSR after the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II in Europe</a>; only the region around <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> (Belostok) was to be returned to Poland. The Polish population was soon <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_of_Poles_(1944%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repatriation of Poles (1944–1946)">forcibly resettled west</a>. The Western Belorussia, in its entirety, was <a href="/wiki/Soviet_annexation_of_Western_Belorussia" title="Soviet annexation of Western Belorussia">incorporated into the BSSR</a>.<a href="#cite_note-eber-2">[2]</a> It was initially planned to move the capital of the BSSR to <a href="/wiki/Vilna" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilna">Vilna</a>. However, the same year <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> ordered that the city and surrounding region be transferred to <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, which some months later was annexed by the Soviet Union and became a new Soviet Republic. Minsk, therefore, remained the capital of the enlarged BSSR. The borders of the BSSR were again altered somewhat after the war (notably the area around the city of <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belastok_Region" title="Belastok Region">Belastok Region</a>) was returned to Poland). Still, in general, they coincide with the borders of the modern <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Belarus">Republic of Belarus</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sovietization">Sovietization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sovietization">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg/250px-Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg/375px-Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7f/Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg/500px-Belarus_1939_Greeting_Soviets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Residents of a town in <a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Eastern Poland</a> (now Western Belorussia) assembled to greet the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> during the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. The Russian text reads "Long Live the great theory of Marx, Engels, Lenin-Stalin". Such welcomings were organized by the activists of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_West_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of West Belarus">Communist Party of West Belarus</a> affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Poland" title="Communist Party of Poland">Communist Party of Poland</a>, delegalized in both countries by 1938.<a href="#cite_note-Stosunki3-62">[59]</a></figcaption></figure> The Belarusian political parties and the society in Western Belorussia often lacked information about repressions in the Soviet Union and was under a strong influence of Soviet propaganda.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> Because of bad economic conditions and national discrimination of Belarusian in Poland, much of the population of Western Belorussia welcomed the annexation by the USSR.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> However, soon after the annexation of Western Belorussia by the Soviet Union, the Belarusian political activists had no illusions as to the friendliness of the Soviet regime.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> The population grew less loyal as the economic conditions became even worse and as the new regime carried out mass repressions and deportations that targeted Belarusians as well as ethnic Poles.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> Immediately after the annexation, the Soviet authorities carried out the nationalization of agricultural land owned by large landowners in Western Belorussia.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Collectivization" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivization">Collectivization</a> and the creation of collective farms (<a href="/wiki/Kolkhoz" title="Kolkhoz">kolkhoz</a>) was planned to be carried out at a slower pace than in Eastern Belorussia in the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> By 1941, in the western regions of the BSSR, the number of individual farms decreased only by 7%; 1115 collective farms were created.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> At the same time, pressure and even repressions against larger farmers (called by the Soviet propaganda, <a href="/wiki/Kulak" title="Kulak">kulaki</a>) began: the size of agricultural land for one individual farm was limited to 10ha, 12ha and 14ha depending on the quality of the land.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> It was forbidden to hire workers and lease land.<a href="#cite_note-tutby8mif-33">[33]</a> Under the Soviet occupation, the Western Belorussian citizenry, particularly the Poles, faced a "filtration" procedure by the NKVD apparatus, which resulted in over 100,000 people being forcibly deported to eastern parts of the Soviet Union (e.g. Siberia) in the very first wave of expulsions.<a href="#cite_note-63">[60]</a> In total, during the next two years some 1.7 million Polish citizens were put on freight trains and sent from the Polish <a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Kresy</a> to labour camps in the <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Republic_of_Belarus">Republic of Belarus</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Republic of Belarus">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Belarus#Current_situation" title="Poles in Belarus">Poles in Belarus § Current situation</a></div> The majority of Poles live in the Western regions, including 230,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Grodno_oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Grodno oblast">Grodno oblast</a>. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Sapotskin" title="Sapotskin">Sapotskin</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Selsoviet" title="Selsoviet">selsoviet</a> have a Polish majority. The largest Polish organization in Belarus is the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Poles_in_Belarus" title="Union of Poles in Belarus">Union of Poles in Belarus</a> (Związek Polaków na Białorusi), with over 20,000 members. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_raid_on_Sto%C5%82pce" title="Soviet raid on Stołpce">Soviet raid on Stołpce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_Protection_Corps" title="Border Protection Corps">Border Protection Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siarhei_Prytytski" title="Siarhei Prytytski">Siarhei Prytytski</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> This share of Roman Catholics included 42,993 Roman Catholic Lithuanians or around 31.5% of the county's total population. </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Kamin-Kashyrskyi County's population according to the 1921 census included 41,522 Ukrainians, 9,183 Poleshuks ("Tutejszy") and just 6 Belarusians. According to the 1931 census this county's population included 74,313 Poleshuk ("Tutejszy" language), 8,271 Ukrainian, 1,136 Belarusian and 250 Russian speakers. </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> This share of Roman Catholics included 6,246 Roman Catholic Lithuanians or just over 2.9% of the county's total population. </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Cien-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cien_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cien_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cien_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cien_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAnna_M._Cienciala2004" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anna_M._Cienciala" title="Anna M. Cienciala">Anna M. Cienciala</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205175847/http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect11.htm">"The Rebirth of Poland"</a>. History 557: Poland and Soviet Russia: 1917-1921. The Bolshevik Revolution, the Polish-Soviet War, and the Establishment of the Polish-soviet Frontier (Lecture Notes 11 B). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kansas" title="University of Kansas">University of Kansas</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.ku.edu/~eceurope/hist557/lect11.htm">the original</a> on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 31 July 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+557%3A+Poland+and+Soviet+Russia%3A+1917-1921.+The+Bolshevik+Revolution%2C+the+Polish-Soviet+War%2C+and+the+Establishment+of+the+Polish-soviet+Frontier&rft.atitle=The+Rebirth+of+Poland&rft.issue=Lecture+Notes+11+B&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Anna+M.+Cienciala&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.ku.edu%2F~eceurope%2Fhist557%2Flect11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eber-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eber_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eber_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiotr_EberhardtJan_Owsinski2003" class="citation book cs1">Piotr Eberhardt; Jan Owsinski (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLfX1q3kJzgC&q=Nowogr%C3%B3dek+province+eberhardt&pg=RA1-PA199">Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe: History, Data, Analysis</a>. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 199–201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0665-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0665-5"><bdi>978-0-7656-0665-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethnic+Groups+and+Population+Changes+in+Twentieth-century+Central-Eastern+Europe%3A+History%2C+Data%2C+Analysis&rft.pages=199-201&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0665-5&rft.au=Piotr+Eberhardt&rft.au=Jan+Owsinski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLfX1q3kJzgC%26q%3DNowogr%25C3%25B3dek%2Bprovince%2Beberhardt%26pg%3DRA1-PA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFАлександр_ЛокоткоОльга_КнязеваЕвгений_МорозовОльга_Изотова2017" class="citation book cs1">Александр Локотко; Ольга Князева; Евгений Морозов; Ольга Изотова (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dNhkBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT425">Mosaic of Belarus</a>. Litres. p. 425. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5457636637" title="Special:BookSources/978-5457636637"><bdi>978-5457636637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mosaic+of+Belarus&rft.pages=425&rft.pub=Litres&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-5457636637&rft.au=%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80+%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.au=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.au=%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.au=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdNhkBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Algimantas P. Gureckas, Lithuania's Boundaries and Territorial Claims between Lithuania and Neighboring States, New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, New York Law School, New York, 1991, Vol.12, Numbers 1 & 2, p. 126-128. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Marjorie M. Whiteman, ed., Digest of International Law, Department of State Publication 7737, Washington, DC, 1964, Vol.3, p. 185-186 & 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonen2011" class="citation book cs1">Ronen, Yaël (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4OEHtL5xoroC&pg=PA17">Transition from Illegal Regimes Under International Law</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19777-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-19777-9"><bdi>978-0-521-19777-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transition+from+Illegal+Regimes+Under+International+Law&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-19777-9&rft.aulast=Ronen&rft.aufirst=Ya%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4OEHtL5xoroC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFi-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFi_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFi_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuth_Fischer2006" class="citation book cs1">Ruth Fischer (2006) [1948]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6iFkgDNQazwC&q=pourparlers">Stalin and German Communism</a>. Transaction Publishers. pp. 32, 33–36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1412835011" title="Special:BookSources/1412835011"><bdi>1412835011</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin+and+German+Communism&rft.pages=32%2C+33-36&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1412835011&rft.au=Ruth+Fischer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6iFkgDNQazwC%26q%3Dpourparlers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sm-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Sm_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithsonian2014" class="citation book cs1">Smithsonian (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_iALBAAAQBAJ&q=Brest-Litovsk%2BImpact">World War I: The Definitive Visual History</a>. Penguin. p. 227. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1465434906" title="Special:BookSources/978-1465434906"><bdi>978-1465434906</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+War+I%3A+The+Definitive+Visual+History&rft.pages=227&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1465434906&rft.au=Smithsonian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_iALBAAAQBAJ%26q%3DBrest-Litovsk%252BImpact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-R&T-9"><a href="#cite_ref-R&T_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Daniel_RotfeldAnatoly_V._Torkunov2015" class="citation book cs1">Adam Daniel Rotfeld; Anatoly V. 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University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822980957" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822980957"><bdi>978-0822980957</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Spots%E2%80%94Black+Spots%3A+Difficult+Matters+in+Polish-Russian+Relations%2C+1918%E2%80%932008&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0822980957&rft.au=Adam+Daniel+Rotfeld&rft.au=Anatoly+V.+Torkunov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRJMzCgAAQBAJ%26q%3DMikaszewicze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JCi-10"><a href="#cite_ref-JCi_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanusz_Cisek2002" class="citation book cs1">Janusz Cisek (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hNuGZOGk6UoC&q=1919%2BMikaszewicze">Kosciuszko, We Are Here!: American Pilots of the Kosciuszko Squadron in Defense of Poland, 1919-1921</a>. 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CIUS Press. p. 165. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1895571057" title="Special:BookSources/1895571057"><bdi>1895571057</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ukrainian-Polish+Defensive+Alliance%2C+1919-1921%3A+An+Aspect+of+the+Ukrainian+Revolution&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=CIUS+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=1895571057&rft.au=Michael+Palij&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2T9zYXqL56AC%26q%3D%2522Belarus%2Bwas%2Bnow%2Brepresented%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BNR-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BNR_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BNR_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFExecutive_CommitteeIvonka_J._Survilla1918" class="citation web cs1">Executive Committee; Ivonka J. Survilla (9 March 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radabnr.org/en/index.html?radah.html?radam.html?radai.htm">"Council of BNR"</a>. Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic in Exile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radabnr.org/en/archive/1hramataen.htm">First</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radabnr.org/en/archive/2hramataen.htm">Second</a>, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://radabnr.org/en/archive/3hramataen.htm">Third Constituent Charter</a>. <q>Mensk, 21 (8) February 1917 – 25 March 1918</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Council+of+BNR&rft.pages=First%2C+Second%2C+and+Third+Constituent+Charter&rft.pub=Rada+of+the+Belarusian+Democratic+Republic+in+Exile&rft.date=1918-03-09&rft.au=Executive+Committee&rft.au=Ivonka+J.+Survilla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fradabnr.org%2Fen%2Findex.html%3Fradah.html%3Fradam.html%3Fradai.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTania_Raffass2012" class="citation book cs1">Tania Raffass (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P4E7WSecBakC&pg=PA44">"The roots of the Soviet Federation"</a>. The Soviet Union: Federation Or Empire?. Routledge Studies in the History of Russia and Eastern Europe. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415688338" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415688338"><bdi>978-0415688338</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+roots+of+the+Soviet+Federation&rft.btitle=The+Soviet+Union%3A+Federation+Or+Empire%3F&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Routledge+Studies+in+the+History+of+Russia+and+Eastern+Europe&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0415688338&rft.au=Tania+Raffass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP4E7WSecBakC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jivebelarus.net/history/new-history/History-of-Belarus-in-the-maps-1917-1945.html?page=4#lnk3">Map of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus</a> on JiveBelarus.net website. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERudling2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrRrRBgAAQBAJpgPT206_206]-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERudling2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrRrRBgAAQBAJpgPT206_206]_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRudling2014">Rudling 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRrRBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT206">206</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Żarnowski-16"><a href="#cite_ref-Żarnowski_16-0">^</a> Żarnowski, p. 373. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199980-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199980_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz1999">Mironowicz 1999</a>, p. 80. </li> <li id="cite_note-camb-18"><a href="#cite_ref-camb_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlice_TeichovaHerbert_MatisJaroslav_Pátek2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Teichova" title="Alice Teichova">Alice Teichova</a>; Herbert Matis; Jaroslav Pátek (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8UVxY-8Xk-sC&q=nowogrodek++++minorities&pg=PA345">Economic Change and the National Question in Twentieth-century Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63037-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-63037-5"><bdi>978-0-521-63037-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Economic+Change+and+the+National+Question+in+Twentieth-century+Europe&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-63037-5&rft.au=Alice+Teichova&rft.au=Herbert+Matis&rft.au=Jaroslav+P%C3%A1tek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8UVxY-8Xk-sC%26q%3Dnowogrodek%2B%2B%2B%2Bminorities%26pg%3DPA345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 34, "Białoruska reprezentacja narodowa stojąca na gruncie niepodległości była nie do zaakceptowania przez stronę polską. Rada została rozwiązana w grudniu 1919 r. przez <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Raczkiewicz" title="Władysław Raczkiewicz">Raczkiewicza</a> na osobisty rozkaz Piłsudskiego. W jej miejsce powołano na początku 1920 r. Białoruską Radę Najwyższą aspirującą wprawdzie do roli reprezentacji narodowej, lecz bez podnoszenia problemu państwowości białoruskiej." </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 33 </li> <li id="cite_note-Mironowicz2007p34-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Mironowicz2007p34_21-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 34 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199994-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199994_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMironowicz199994_22-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz1999">Mironowicz 1999</a>, p. 94. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, pp. 37–38, [Starosta] "ze stycznia 1921r. mówił o nastrojach miejscowego społeczeństwa: »zupełna rezygnacja i apatia ludności wiejskiej doprowadzonej do zupełnej nędzy przez bolszewików i wojsko polskie ciągłymi rekwizycjami.« Cały powiat pokrył się siecią szkół białoruskich ... zapewniał jednak, że szkoły białoruskie mają antypaństwowy charakter." </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 72, "W najpomyślniejszym dla szkolnictwa białoruskiego roku 1928 istniało w Polsce 69 szkół w których nauczano języka białoruskiego." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERudling2015p._120_(6_of_13_in_PDF)-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERudling2015p._120_(6_of_13_in_PDF)_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERudling2015p._120_(6_of_13_in_PDF)_25-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRudling2015">Rudling 2015</a>, p. 120 (6 of 13 in PDF). </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_Davies2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a> (2005). God's Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. II: 1795 to the Present. Oxford University Press. p. 175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0199253390" title="Special:BookSources/0199253390"><bdi>0199253390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground.+A+History+of+Poland%2C+Vol.+II%3A+1795+to+the+Present&rft.pages=175&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0199253390&rft.au=Norman+Davies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, pp. 41, 53–54 </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 93, W Białorusi Radzieckiej ... aresztowano byłych przywódców <a href="/wiki/Hramada" title="Hramada">Hromady</a>, którzy po opuszczeniu więzień w Polsce zostali przekazani władzom radzieckim w ramach wymiany więźniów politycznych.[224] </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 34, "Większość Polaków pragnęła łączyć plany nabytków terytorialnych Józefa Piłsudskiego z polityką asymilacyjną proponowaną przez Romana Dmowskiego." </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, pp. 4–5 </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 12, "Zaangażowanie Polski na Białorusi i Ukrainie to ekspansja kolonialna, konieczna ze w zględów gospodarczych" (Studnicki). </li> <li id="cite_note-karenieuskaja-32"><a href="#cite_ref-karenieuskaja_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКореневская,_О.2003" class="citation journal cs1">Кореневская, О. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdf.kamunikat.org/download.php?item=2190-5.pdf">"Особенности Западнобелорусского возрождения (на примере периодической печати)"</a> (PDF). Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne (20): 69–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bia%C5%82oruskie+Zeszyty+Historyczne&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%28%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%29&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=69-89&rft.date=2003&rft.au=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%2C+%D0%9E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdf.kamunikat.org%2Fdownload.php%3Fitem%3D2190-5.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-tutby8mif-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tutby8mif_33-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHielahajeu2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hielahajeu, Alaksandar (17 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.tut.by/society/415857.html">"8 мифов о "воссоединении" Западной и Восточной Беларуси"</a> [8 Myths about the "reunification" of Western Belorussia and Eastern Belorussia] (in Russian). Retrieved 26 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=8+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BE+%22%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8%22+%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft.aulast=Hielahajeu&rft.aufirst=Alaksandar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.tut.by%2Fsociety%2F415857.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMironowicz2007">Mironowicz 2007</a>, p. 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-kresy24.pl-35"><a href="#cite_ref-kresy24.pl_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrzej_PoczobutJoanna_Klimowicz2011" class="citation web cs1">Andrzej Poczobut; Joanna Klimowicz (June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kresy24.pl/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Glos_znad_Niemna_7-2011.pdf">"Białostocki ulubieniec Stalina"</a> (PDF file, direct download 1.79 MB). Ogólnokrajowy tygodnik SZ «Związek Polaków na Białorusi» (Association of Poles of Belarus). Głos znad Niemna (Voice of the Neman weekly), Nr 7 (60). pp. 6–7 of current document. Retrieved 24 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Og%C3%B3lnokrajowy+tygodnik+SZ+%C2%ABZwi%C4%85zek+Polak%C3%B3w+na+Bia%C5%82orusi%C2%BB+%28Association+of+Poles+of+Belarus%29&rft.atitle=Bia%C5%82ostocki+ulubieniec+Stalina&rft.pages=6-7+of+current+document&rft.date=2011-06&rft.au=Andrzej+Poczobut&rft.au=Joanna+Klimowicz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkresy24.pl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F06%2FGlos_znad_Niemna_7-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savchenko-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Savchenko_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Savchenko2009" class="citation book cs1">Andrew Savchenko (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lmld75blKCwC&q=%22stated+goals+of+the+Hramada%22">Belarus: A Perpetual Borderland</a>. BRILL. pp. 106–107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004174481" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004174481"><bdi>978-9004174481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belarus%3A+A+Perpetual+Borderland&rft.pages=106-107&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-9004174481&rft.au=Andrew+Savchenko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlmld75blKCwC%26q%3D%2522stated%2Bgoals%2Bof%2Bthe%2BHramada%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150pytanniau-37"><a href="#cite_ref-150pytanniau_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSankoSaviercanka2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sanko, Zmicier; Saviercanka, Ivan (2002). 150 пытаньняў і адказаў з гісторыі Беларусі [150 Questions and Answers on the History of Belarus] (in Belarusian). Vilnius: Наша Будучыня. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/985-6425-20-4" title="Special:BookSources/985-6425-20-4"><bdi>985-6425-20-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=150+%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%9E+%D1%96+%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E+%D0%B7+%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%96+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8F&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=985-6425-20-4&rft.aulast=Sanko&rft.aufirst=Zmicier&rft.au=Saviercanka%2C+Ivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chodakiewicz-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chodakiewicz_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chodakiewicz_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chodakiewicz_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chodakiewicz_38-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chodakiewicz_38-4">e</a> Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, 2012, Intermarium: The Land between the Black and Baltic Seas, Transaction Publishers, pp. 81–82. </li> <li id="cite_note-balticnorthernminorities-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-balticnorthernminorities_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-balticnorthernminorities_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBogdan_Musial2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Musial" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan Musial">Bogdan Musial</a> (January 25–26, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balticnorthernminorities.org/pdf/project_abstracts.pdf">"The 'Polish operation' of the NKVD"</a> (PDF). The Baltic and Arctic Areas under Stalin. Ethnic Minorities in the Great Soviet Terror of 1937-38. <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Stefan_Wyszy%C5%84ski_University_in_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw">University of Stefan Wyszyński</a> in <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>. pp. 17–. Retrieved April 26, 2011. <q>UMEA International Research Group. Abstracts of Presentations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltic+and+Arctic+Areas+under+Stalin.+Ethnic+Minorities+in+the+Great+Soviet+Terror+of+1937-38.&rft.atitle=The+%27Polish+operation%27+of+the+NKVD&rft.pages=17-&rft.date=2011-01-25%2F2011-01-26&rft.au=Bogdan+Musial&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balticnorthernminorities.org%2Fpdf%2Fproject_abstracts.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-memo.ru-40"><a href="#cite_ref-memo.ru_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO.A._Gorlanov" class="citation web cs1">O.A. Gorlanov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http://www.memo.ru/history/POLAcy/00485-1.htm&prev=_t&rurl=translate.google.ca&usg=ALkJrhgLJ0y4jTz5qldwJAVKxBPTYXajVw">"A breakdown of the chronology and the punishment, NKVD Order № 00485 (Polish operation) in Google translate"</a>. Retrieved April 26, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+breakdown+of+the+chronology+and+the+punishment%2C+NKVD+Order+%E2%84%96+00485+%28Polish+operation%29+in+Google+translate&rft.au=O.A.+Gorlanov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranslate.googleusercontent.com%2Ftranslate_c%3Fhl%3Den%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sl%3Dru%26tl%3Den%26u%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.memo.ru%2Fhistory%2FPOLAcy%2F00485-1.htm%26prev%3D_t%26rurl%3Dtranslate.google.ca%26usg%3DALkJrhgLJ0y4jTz5qldwJAVKxBPTYXajVw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wegner-74-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wegner-74_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wegner-74_44-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wegner-74_44-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWegner1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bernd_Wegner" title="Bernd Wegner">Wegner, Bernd</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aESBIpIm6UcC&pg=PA74">From peace to war: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the world, 1939–1941</a>. Berghahn Books. pp. 74–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1571818820" title="Special:BookSources/1571818820"><bdi>1571818820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+peace+to+war%3A+Germany%2C+Soviet+Russia%2C+and+the+world%2C+1939%26ndash%3B1941&rft.pages=74-&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1571818820&rft.aulast=Wegner&rft.aufirst=Bernd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaESBIpIm6UcC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zapadrus.su/bibli/arhbib/1493-sbornik-dokumentov-gosudarstvennye-granitsy-belarusi-tom-2.html">"Сборник документов «Государственные границы Беларуси»" Vol. 2, June 28, 2016</a> retrieved November 27, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gross/1997-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Gross/1997_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJan_T._Gross1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_T._Gross" title="Jan T. Gross">Jan T. Gross</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aESBIpIm6UcC&pg=PA75">Sovietisation of Poland's Eastern Territories</a>. Berghahn Books. pp. 74–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1571818820" title="Special:BookSources/1571818820"><bdi>1571818820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sovietisation+of+Poland%27s+Eastern+Territories&rft.pages=74-75&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1571818820&rft.au=Jan+T.+Gross&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaESBIpIm6UcC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Evolutio-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Evolutio_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Evolutio_47-1">b</a> (in Belarusian)<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evolutio.info/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=354&Itemid=51">Уладзімір Снапкоўскі. Беларусь у геапалітыцы і дыпламатыі перыяду Другой Сусветнай вайны</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠapoka2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Šapoka, Gintautas (21 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alkas.lt/2020/12/21/g-sapoka-aprasykime-mazai-zinomus-1939-1940-m-lietuvos-istorijos-ivykius/">"Aprašykime mažai žinomus 1939–1940 m. Lietuvos istorijos įvykius"</a>. Alkas.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alkas.lt&rft.atitle=Apra%C5%A1ykime+ma%C5%BEai+%C5%BEinomus+1939%E2%80%931940+m.+Lietuvos+istorijos+%C4%AFvykius&rft.date=2020-12-21&rft.aulast=%C5%A0apoka&rft.aufirst=Gintautas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Falkas.lt%2F2020%2F12%2F21%2Fg-sapoka-aprasykime-mazai-zinomus-1939-1940-m-lietuvos-istorijos-ivykius%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies_49-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <a href="/wiki/God%27s_Playground" title="God's Playground">God's Playground</a> (Polish edition), second tome, p.512-513. </li> <li id="cite_note-Stosunki-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Stosunki_50-0">^</a> (in Polish) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bialorus.pl/index.php?secId=49&docId=60&&Rozdzial=historia">Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939-1941)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPiotrowski1998">Piotrowski 1998</a>, p. 11 </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061021190059/http://www.indeks.karta.org.pl/represje_sowieckie_4.html">"Represje 1939–41. Aresztowani na Kresach Wschodnich"</a> [Repressions 1939–1941. Arrested in the Eastern Borderlands]. Karta (in Polish). Ośrodek <a href="/wiki/KARTA_Center" title="KARTA Center">KARTA Center</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indeks.karta.org.pl/represje_sowieckie_4.html">the original</a> on 2006-10-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Karta&rft.atitle=Represje+1939%E2%80%9341.+Aresztowani+na+Kresach+Wschodnich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indeks.karta.org.pl%2Frepresje_sowieckie_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRieber2000">Rieber 2000</a>, pp. 14, 32–37 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expatica.com/de/news/german-news/Polish-experts-lower-nation_s-WWII-death-toll--_55843.html">"Polish experts lower nation's WWII death toll"</a>. AFP/Expatica. 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Polish+experts+lower+nation%27s+WWII+death+toll&rft.pub=AFP%2FExpatica&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expatica.com%2Fde%2Fnews%2Fgerman-news%2FPolish-experts-lower-nation_s-WWII-death-toll--_55843.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/baltarusijos-lietuviai/">"Baltarusijos lietuviai"</a>. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 3 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visuotin%C4%97+lietuvi%C5%B3+enciklopedija&rft.atitle=Baltarusijos+lietuviai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vle.lt%2Fstraipsnis%2Fbaltarusijos-lietuviai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stosunki2-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Stosunki2_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarek_Wierzbicki" class="citation journal cs1">Marek Wierzbicki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406173221/http://bialorus.pl/index.php?secId=49&docId=60&&Rozdzial=historia">"Polish-Belarusian relations under the Soviet occupation"</a> [Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939–1941)]. НА СТАРОНКАХ КАМУНІКАТУ. 20 (2003). Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne: 186–188. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bialorus.pl/index.php?secId=49&docId=60&&Rozdzial=historia">the original</a> on 6 April 2009 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%9D%D0%90+%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A5+%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%86%D0%9A%D0%90%D0%A2%D0%A3&rft.atitle=Polish-Belarusian+relations+under+the+Soviet+occupation&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2003&rft.pages=186-188&rft.au=Marek+Wierzbicki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbialorus.pl%2Findex.php%3FsecId%3D49%26docId%3D60%26%26Rozdzial%3Dhistoria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LRe2-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LRe2_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LRe2_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonid_Rein2013" class="citation book cs1">Leonid Rein (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jVmmAAAAQBAJ&q=Herr-Jahwohl">The Kings And The Pawns</a>. Berghahn Books. pp. 144–145. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1782380481" title="Special:BookSources/978-1782380481"><bdi>978-1782380481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kings+And+The+Pawns&rft.pages=144-145&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1782380481&rft.au=Leonid+Rein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjVmmAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DHerr-Jahwohl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gwminsk-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gwminsk_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gwminsk_58-1">b</a> Alexey Litvin (Алексей Літвін), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.ca/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fmb.s5x.org%2Fhomoliber.org%2Fru%2Fxx%2Fxx020127.html&anno=2">Participation of the local police in the extermination of Jews</a> (Участие местной полиции в уничтожении евреев, в акциях против партизан и местного населения.); (in) Местная вспомогательная полиция на территории Беларуси, июль 1941 — июль 1944 гг. (The auxiliary police in Belarus, July 1941 - July 1944). </li> <li id="cite_note-MDe-59"><a href="#cite_ref-MDe_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Dean2003" class="citation book cs1">Martin Dean (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tdzTU1Uj3zcC&q=Belorussian%2BSchutzmannschaft">Collaboration in the Holocaust: Crimes of the Local Police in Belorussia and Ukraine, 1941-44</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. p. viii. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1403963711" title="Special:BookSources/1403963711"><bdi>1403963711</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collaboration+in+the+Holocaust%3A+Crimes+of+the+Local+Police+in+Belorussia+and+Ukraine%2C+1941-44&rft.pages=viii&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1403963711&rft.au=Martin+Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtdzTU1Uj3zcC%26q%3DBelorussian%252BSchutzmannschaft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASi-1-60"><a href="#cite_ref-ASi-1_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrea_Simon2002" class="citation book cs1">Andrea Simon (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u21Wsx6PtMUC&q=%28Schutzmannschaft%29">Bashert: A Granddaughter's Holocaust Quest</a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578064813" title="Special:BookSources/1578064813"><bdi>1578064813</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bashert%3A+A+Granddaughter%27s+Holocaust+Quest&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1578064813&rft.au=Andrea+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du21Wsx6PtMUC%26q%3D%2528Schutzmannschaft%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-ASi-61"><a href="#cite_ref-ASi_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrea_Simon2002" class="citation book cs1">Andrea Simon (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u21Wsx6PtMUC&q=%28Schutzmannschaft%29">Bashert: A Granddaughter's Holocaust Quest</a>. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 228. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1578064813" title="Special:BookSources/1578064813"><bdi>1578064813</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bashert%3A+A+Granddaughter%27s+Holocaust+Quest&rft.pages=228&rft.pub=Univ.+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1578064813&rft.au=Andrea+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du21Wsx6PtMUC%26q%3D%2528Schutzmannschaft%2529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stosunki3-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Stosunki3_62-0">^</a> (in Polish) Marek Wierzbicki, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406173221/http://bialorus.pl/index.php?secId=49&docId=60&&Rozdzial=historia">Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką (1939–1941)</a>. "Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne" (НА СТАРОНКАХ КАМУНІКАТУ, Biełaruski histaryczny zbornik) 20 (2003), p. 186–188. Retrieved 16 July 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> (in Belarusian) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nn.by/index.php?c=ar&i=19977">Сёньня — дзень ўзьяднаньня Заходняй і Усходняй Беларусі</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060203183513/http://aforgottenodyssey.com/">A Forgotten Odyssey</a> 2001 Lest We Forget Productions. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Belorussia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudreckis1967" class="citation journal cs1">Budreckis, Algirdas (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partizanai.org/karys-1967m-7-8/5742-etnografines-lietuvos-rytines-ir-pietines-sienos">"ETNOGRAFINĖS LIETUVOS RYTINĖS IR PIETINĖS SIENOS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karys" title="Karys">Karys</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Karys&rft.atitle=ETNOGRAFIN%C4%96S+LIETUVOS+RYTIN%C4%96S+IR+PIETIN%C4%96S+SIENOS&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Budreckis&rft.aufirst=Algirdas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpartizanai.org%2Fkarys-1967m-7-8%2F5742-etnografines-lietuvos-rytines-ir-pietines-sienos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHesch1933" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hesch, Michael (1933). Letten, Litauer, Weissrussen (in German). Wien.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letten%2C+Litauer%2C+Weissrussen&rft.place=Wien&rft.date=1933&rft.aulast=Hesch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMironowicz1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mironowicz, Eugeniusz (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gr07IAAACAAJ">Białoruś</a> (in Polish). Warszawa: Trio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-85660-82-8" title="Special:BookSources/83-85660-82-8"><bdi>83-85660-82-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bia%C5%82oru%C5%9B&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pub=Trio&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=83-85660-82-8&rft.aulast=Mironowicz&rft.aufirst=Eugeniusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgr07IAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMironowicz2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mironowicz, Eugeniusz (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/usie_knihi.html?pubid=2006">Belarusians and Ukrainians in the policies of the Piłsudski camp</a> [Białorusini i Ukraińcy w polityce obozu piłsudczykowskiego] (in Polish). Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersyteckie Trans Humana. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/download.php?item=2006-2.pdf">'Preface' (pp. 3–31)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/download.php?item=2006-3.pdf">chpt. 1 (pp. 32–94)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/download.php?item=2006-4.pdf">chpt. 2 (pp. 95–178)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kamunikat.org/download.php?item=2006-5.pdf">chpt. 3 (pp. 179–257)</a> <a href="/wiki/Etcetera" class="mw-redirect" title="Etcetera">&c.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-89190-87-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-89190-87-1"><bdi>978-83-89190-87-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Belarusians+and+Ukrainians+in+the+policies+of+the+Pi%C5%82sudski+camp&rft.place=Bia%C5%82ystok&rft.pages=http%3A%2F%2Fkamunikat.org%2Fdownload.php%3Fitem%3D2006-2.pdf+%27Preface%27-%28pp.-3-31%29%2C+chpt.-1-%28pp.-32-94%29%2C+chpt.-2-%28pp.-95-178%29%2C+chpt.-3-%28pp.-179-257%29+etcetera%7C%26c.&rft.pub=Wydawnictwo+Uniwersyteckie+Trans+Humana&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-83-89190-87-1&rft.aulast=Mironowicz&rft.aufirst=Eugeniusz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkamunikat.org%2Fusie_knihi.html%3Fpubid%3D2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiotrowski1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Piotrowski_(sociologist)" title="Tadeusz Piotrowski (sociologist)">Piotrowski, Tadeusz</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/polandsholocaust00piot">Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife: Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918–1947</a>. Jefferson, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a>: McFarland & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-0371-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-0371-3"><bdi>0-7864-0371-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poland%27s+Holocaust%3A+Ethnic+Strife%3A+Collaboration+with+Occupying+Forces+and+Genocide+in+the+Second+Republic%2C+1918%E2%80%931947&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7864-0371-3&rft.aulast=Piotrowski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpolandsholocaust00piot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRieber2000" class="citation book cs1">Rieber, Alfred Joseph (2000). Forced Migration in Central and Eastern Europe: 1939–1950. London, New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7146-5132-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7146-5132-X"><bdi>0-7146-5132-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forced+Migration+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe%3A+1939%E2%80%931950&rft.place=London%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7146-5132-X&rft.aulast=Rieber&rft.aufirst=Alfred+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRrRBgAAQBAJ">The Rise and Fall of Belarusian Nationalism, 1906–1931</a>. University of Pittsburgh Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0822979586" title="Special:BookSources/978-0822979586"><bdi>978-0822979586</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Belarusian+Nationalism%2C+1906%E2%80%931931&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0822979586&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrRrRBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belarusjournal.com/sites/default/files/The%20Beginnings%20of%20Modern%20Belarus_Rudling_0.pdf">"The Beginnings of Modern Belarus: Identity, Nation, and Politics in a European Borderland"</a> (PDF). The Journal of Belarusian Studies. 7 (3). Annual London Lecture on Belarusian Studies. pp. 115–127 (1–13 in PDF), direct download. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F20526512-00703008">10.1163/20526512-00703008</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155122222">155122222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Belarusian+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Beginnings+of+Modern+Belarus%3A+Identity%2C+Nation%2C+and+Politics+in+a+European+Borderland&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=pp.+115-127+%281-13+in+PDF%29%2C+direct+download&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F20526512-00703008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155122222%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelarusjournal.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FThe%2520Beginnings%2520of%2520Modern%2520Belarus_Rudling_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWestern+Belorussia" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Żarnowski, Janusz (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8eNBAQAAIAAJ&q=wyznanie">Społeczeństwo Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej 1918-1939</a> (in Polish), Warszawa.</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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