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</div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=blk.wikipedia.org&uselang=blk" class=""><span>လူႏတန်ꩻ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။" class=""><span>ဖန်ဆင်ꩻအကောက်</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>နွို့အကောက်</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="လွိုက်ခရာႏအထဲင်းဖိုင်ႏ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="နမ်းပဲင်ႏ ကိရိယာႏဖုံႏ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">နမ်းပဲင်ႏ ကိရိယာႏဖုံႏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="ကေားသုင်ꩻသား မီနူး" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=blk.wikipedia.org&uselang=blk"><span>လူႏတန်ꩻ</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>ပံ့ပိုးရန်</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%96%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="အကောင့်တစ်ခုကို ဖန်တီးပြီး ဝင်ရောက်ရန် သင့်အား တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ မဟုတ်ပါ။"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ဖန်ဆင်ꩻအကောက်</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F&returnto=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="သင့်အား အကောင့်ဝင်ရန် တိုက်တွန်းပါသည်။ သို့သော် မဖြစ်မနေ လုပ်ဆောင်ရန် မဟုတ်ပါ။ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>နွို့အကောက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထွက်ပြီးသား တည်းဖြတ်သူများအတွက် စာမျက်နှာများ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF:%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%A1%E1%80%BD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" aria-label="လွူꩻထွားထဲင်း မွဉ်းဖျင်ခရာႏအထဲင်း"><span>လွူꩻထွားထဲင်းအသွုပ်</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%81%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ဤအိုင်ပီလိပ်စာမှ တည်းဖြတ်မှုများအကြောင်း ဆွေးနွေးချက် [n]" accesskey="n"><span>အိုင်ကိုမ်ဒေါ့ꩻရီ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ဆိုဒ်"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">အွဉ်ႏပလို့ꩻ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">အစ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-အာႏကွိုꩻ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#အာႏကွိုꩻ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">၁</span> <span>အာႏကွိုꩻ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-အာႏကွိုꩻ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏသိပ္ပံ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ၁၂၂ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-122" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">၁၂၂ ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါဖိုင်ႏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardwetenskap" title="Aardwetenskap – အာဖရိကန်" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Aardwetenskap" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="အာဖရိကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_d%27a_Tierra" title="Ciencias d'a Tierra – အာရာဂွန်" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ciencias d'a Tierra" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="အာရာဂွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="علوم الأرض – အာရဗီ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علوم الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="အာရဗီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ভূ-বিজ্ঞান – အာသံ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভূ-বিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="အာသံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencies_de_la_Tierra" title="Ciencies de la Tierra – အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ciencies de la Tierra" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer_haqq%C4%B1nda_elml%C9%99r" title="Yer haqqında elmlər – အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yer haqqında elmlər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="အဇာဘိုင်ဂျန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D2%99%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80" title="Ерҙе өйрәнеүсе фәндәр – ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ерҙе өйрәнеүсе фәндәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ဘက်ရှ်ကာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muokslos_api_%C5%BDem%C4%97" title="Muokslos api Žemė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muokslos api Žemė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Навукі аб Зямлі – ဘီလာရုစ်" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Навукі аб Зямлі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ဘီလာရုစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%96_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Навукі пра Зямлю – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Навукі пра Зямлю" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Науки за Земята – ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Науки за Земята" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ဘူလ်ဂေးရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पृथ्वी बिज्ञान – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पृथ्वी बिज्ञान" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ভূবিজ্ঞান – ဘင်္ဂါလီ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূবিজ্ঞান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ဘင်္ဂါလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skianto%C3%B9_an_douar" title="Skiantoù an douar – ဘရီတွန်" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Skiantoù an douar" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ဘရီတွန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncies_de_la_Terra" title="Ciències de la Terra – ကတ်တလန်" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciències de la Terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ကတ်တလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%AA-gi%C3%B9_Ku%C5%8F-h%C5%8Fk" title="Dê-giù Kuŏ-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dê-giù Kuŏ-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Дуьненах лаьцна Ӏилманаш – ချက်ချန်း" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Дуьненах лаьцна Ӏилманаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="ချက်ချန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%88%DB%8C" title="زانستی زەوی – ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زانستی زەوی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ဗဟိုဒေသသုံး ကဒ်ဘာသာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienze_di_a_Terra" title="Scienze di a Terra – ခိုစီကန်" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Scienze di a Terra" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="ခိုစီကန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%9Bdy_o_Zemi" title="Vědy o Zemi – ချက်" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vědy o Zemi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ချက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyddorau_daear" title="Gwyddorau daear – ဝေလ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyddorau daear" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ဝေလ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovidenskab" title="Geovidenskab – ဒိန်းမတ်" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Geovidenskab" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ဒိန်းမတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geowissenschaften" title="Geowissenschaften – ဂျာမန်" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Geowissenschaften" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%AA%DE%8E%DE%AC_%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%89%DE%AA" title="ބިމުގެ އިލްމު – ဒီဗာဟီ" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބިމުގެ އިލްމު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="ဒီဗာဟီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Γεωεπιστήμες – ဂရိ" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωεπιστήμες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ဂရိ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science – အင်္ဂလိပ်" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Earth science" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="အင်္ဂလိပ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terscienco" title="Terscienco – အက်စ်ပရန်တို" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Terscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်ပရန်တို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_de_la_Tierra" title="Ciencias de la Tierra – စပိန်" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciencias de la Tierra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="စပိန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maateadus" title="Maateadus – အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maateadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="အက်စ်တိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurraren_zientziak" title="Lurraren zientziak – ဘာစ်ခ်" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lurraren zientziak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ဘာစ်ခ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="علوم زمین – ပါရှန်" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علوم زمین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ပါရှန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotieteet" title="Geotieteet – ဖင်လန်" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Geotieteet" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ဖင်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_de_la_Terre" title="Sciences de la Terre – ပြင်သစ်" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sciences de la Terre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ပြင်သစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_de_la_T%C3%A8rra" title="Sciences de la Tèrra – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sciences de la Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siencis_de_tiere" title="Siencis de tiere – ဖရူလီယန်း" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Siencis de tiere" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ဖရူလီယန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierdwittenskip" title="Ierdwittenskip – အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ierdwittenskip" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="အနောက် ဖရီစီရန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eola%C3%ADocht_an_domhain" title="Eolaíocht an domhain – အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Eolaíocht an domhain" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="အိုင်းရစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciencias_da_Terra" title="Ciencias da Terra – ဂါလီစီယာ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ciencias da Terra" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ဂါလီစီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowan-oaylleeaght" title="Dowan-oaylleeaght – မန်းဇ်" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Dowan-oaylleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="မန်းဇ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science – ဟာဥစာ" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Earth science" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ဟာဥစာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi-khi%C3%B9_Kh%C3%B4-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Thi-khiù Khô-ho̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thi-khiù Khô-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%9B%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A5" title="מדעי כדור הארץ – ဟီဘရူး" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדעי כדור הארץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ဟီဘရူး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="भौमिकी – ဟိန်ဒူ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भौमिकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ဟိန်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoznanosti" title="Geoznanosti – ခရိုအေးရှား" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Geoznanosti" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ခရိုအေးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6ldtudom%C3%A1ny" title="Földtudomány – ဟန်ဂေရီ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Földtudomány" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ဟန်ဂေရီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երկրագիտություն – အာမေးနီးယား" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երկրագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="အာမေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientias_del_Terra" title="Scientias del Terra – အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scientias del Terra" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="အင်တာလင်ဂွါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_kebumian" title="Ilmu kebumian – အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilmu kebumian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="အင်ဒိုနီးရှား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cienci_di_la_Tero" title="Cienci di la Tero – အီဒို" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cienci di la Tero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="အီဒို" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jar%C3%B0v%C3%ADsindi" title="Jarðvísindi – အိုက်စ်လန်" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jarðvísindi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="အိုက်စ်လန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienze_della_Terra" title="Scienze della Terra – အီတလီ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scienze della Terra" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="အီတလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学 – ဂျပန်" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地球科学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ဂျပန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oert_sayans" title="Oert sayans – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Oert sayans" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tedyske" title="tedyske – လိုဂျ်ဘန်" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tedyske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="လိုဂျ်ဘန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lmu_bumi" title="Èlmu bumi – ဂျာဗား" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èlmu bumi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ဂျာဗား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%AC%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="დედამიწის მეცნიერებები – ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დედამიწის მეცნიერებები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ဂျော်ဂျီယာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жер туралы ғылымдар – ကာဇာချ" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жер туралы ғылымдар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="ကာဇာချ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಭೂಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – ကန်နာဒါ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭೂಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="ကန်နာဒါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC%EA%B3%BC%ED%95%99" title="지구과학 – ကိုရီးယား" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지구과학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ကိုရီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientia_telluris" title="Scientia telluris – လက်တင်" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scientia telluris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="လက်တင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geow%C3%ABssenschaften" title="Geowëssenschaften – လူဇင်ဘတ်" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Geowëssenschaften" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="လူဇင်ဘတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerdweitesjappe" title="Aerdweitesjappe – လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aerdweitesjappe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="လင်ဘာဂစ်ရှ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDem%C4%97s_mokslai" title="Žemės mokslai – လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žemės mokslai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="လစ်သူဝေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemes_zin%C4%81tne" title="Zemes zinātne – လတ်ဗီးယား" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zemes zinātne" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="လတ်ဗီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilimu_bumi" title="Ilimu bumi – စူကူမီနန်" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ilimu bumi" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="စူကူမီနန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Науки за Земјата – မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Науки за Земјата" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="မက်ဆီဒိုးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дэлхий судлал – မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Дэлхий судлал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="မွန်ဂိုလီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sains_bumi" title="Sains bumi – မလေး" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sains bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="မလေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xjenza_tad-Dinja" title="Xjenza tad-Dinja – မော်လ်တာ" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Xjenza tad-Dinja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="မော်လ်တာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ci%C3%A9ncia_de_la_Tierra" title="Ciéncia de la Tierra – မီရန်ဒီးဇ်" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ciéncia de la Tierra" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="မီရန်ဒီးဇ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="ကမ္ဘာမြေ သိပ္ပံ – မြန်မာ" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကမ္ဘာမြေ သိပ္ပံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="မြန်မာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdwetenschoppen" title="Eerdwetenschoppen – အနိမ့် ဂျာမန်" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Eerdwetenschoppen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="အနိမ့် ဂျာမန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eerdwetenschoppen" title="Eerdwetenschoppen – ဂျာမန် (နယ်သာလန်)" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Eerdwetenschoppen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="ဂျာမန် (နယ်သာလန်)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पृथ्वी विज्ञान – နီပေါ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पृथ्वी विज्ञान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="နီပေါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aardwetenschappen" title="Aardwetenschappen – ဒတ်ခ်ျ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aardwetenschappen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ဒတ်ခ်ျ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geofag" title="Geofag – နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Geofag" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ နီးနောစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovitenskap" title="Geovitenskap – နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Geovitenskap" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="နော်ဝေ ဘွတ်ခ်မော်လ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teral_sienties" title="Teral sienties – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Teral sienties" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sci%C3%A9ncias_de_la_T%C3%A8rra" title="Sciéncias de la Tèrra – အိုစီတန်" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sciéncias de la Tèrra" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="အိုစီတန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਧਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ – ပန်ချာပီ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਧਰਤੀ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ပန်ချာပီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauki_o_Ziemi" title="Nauki o Ziemi – ပိုလန်" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauki o Ziemi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ပိုလန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%DB%90" title="ځمکپوهنې – ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ځمکپوهنې" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="ပက်ရှ်တွန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoci%C3%AAncia" title="Geociência – ပေါ်တူဂီ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geociência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ပေါ်တူဂီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienzas_da_la_Terra" title="Scienzas da la Terra – ရောမ" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Scienzas da la Terra" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="ရောမ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98tiin%C8%9Bele_P%C4%83m%C3%A2ntului" title="Științele Pământului – ရိုမေနီယား" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Științele Pământului" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ရိုမေနီယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Науки о Земле – ရုရှ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Науки о Земле" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ရုရှ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भूगर्भशास्त्रम् – သင်္သကရိုက်" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भूगर्भशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="သင်္သကရိုက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D" title="Сир үөрэхтэрэ – ဆခါ" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сир үөрэхтэрэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ဆခါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isci%C3%A8ntzias_de_sa_Terra" title="Iscièntzias de sa Terra – ဆာဒီနီးယား" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Iscièntzias de sa Terra" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="ဆာဒီနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scienzi_d%C3%A2_terra" title="Scienzi dâ terra – စစ္စလီ" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scienzi dâ terra" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="စစ္စလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yird_science" title="Yird science – စကော့တ်" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yird science" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="စကော့တ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%8C%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86%D8%B3" title="ڌرتي سائنس – စင်ဒီ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڌرتي سائنس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="စင်ဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauke_o_Zemlji" title="Nauke o Zemlji – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nauke o Zemlji" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timassanin_n_wakal" title="Timassanin n wakal – တာချယ်လ်ဟစ်" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Timassanin n wakal" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="တာချယ်လ်ဟစ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_science" title="Earth science – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Earth science" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedy_o_Zemi" title="Vedy o Zemi – ဆလိုဗက်" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vedy o Zemi" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗက်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vede_o_Zemlji" title="Vede o Zemlji – ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vede o Zemlji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ဆလိုဗေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkencat_e_Tok%C3%ABs" title="Shkencat e Tokës – အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkencat e Tokës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="အယ်လ်ဘေးနီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%99%D0%B8" title="Науке о Земљи – ဆားဘီးယား" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Науке о Земљи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ဆားဘီးယား" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84idkunde_af_Geowietenskuppe" title="Äidkunde af Geowietenskuppe – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Äidkunde af Geowietenskuppe" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lmu_bumi" title="Élmu bumi – ဆူဒန်" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Élmu bumi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ဆူဒန်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geovetenskap" title="Geovetenskap – ဆွီဒင်" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Geovetenskap" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ဆွီဒင်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayansi_za_dunia" title="Sayansi za dunia – ဆွာဟီလီ" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sayansi za dunia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ဆွာဟီလီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="புவி அறிவியல் – တမီးလ်" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புவி அறிவியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="တမီးလ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%82_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="భూ శాస్త్రం – တီလီဂူ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భూ శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="တီလီဂူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81" title="วิทยาศาสตร์โลก – ထိုင်း" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิทยาศาสตร์โลก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ထိုင်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agham_pandaigdig" title="Agham pandaigdig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Agham pandaigdig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yer_bilimleri" title="Yer bilimleri – တူရကီ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yer bilimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="တူရကီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayensi_ya_Misava" title="Sayensi ya Misava – ဆွန်ဂါ" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Sayensi ya Misava" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="ဆွန်ဂါ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%B9%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BD%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B5_%D1%84%D3%99%D0%BD%D0%BD%D3%99%D1%80" title="Җирне өйрәнүче фәннәр – တာတာ" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җирне өйрәнүче фәннәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="တာတာ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8E" title="Науки про Землю – ယူကရိန်း" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Науки про Землю" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ယူကရိန်း" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="زمینیات – အူရ်ဒူ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زمینیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="အူရ်ဒူ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siense_de_%C5%82a_Tera" title="Siense de ła Tera – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Siense de ła Tera" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Tr%C3%A1i_%C4%90%E1%BA%A5t" title="Khoa học Trái Đất – ဗီယက်နမ်" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa học Trái Đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ဗီယက်နမ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siyensya_han_Kalibutan" title="Siyensya han Kalibutan – ဝါရေး" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Siyensya han Kalibutan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ဝါရေး" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xam-xamu_suuf_si_ak_jawwu_ji" title="Xam-xamu suuf si ak jawwu ji – ဝူလိုဖ်" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Xam-xamu suuf si ak jawwu ji" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="ဝူလိုဖ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="地球科學 – ဝူ တရုတ်" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="地球科學" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ဝူ တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="დიხაუჩაშ მენცარობეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დიხაუჩაშ მენცარობეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="ערד וויסנשאפט – ရဟူဒီ" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ערד וויסנשאפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ရဟူဒီ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学 – တရုတ်" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="地球科学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="တရုတ်" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93-ki%C3%BB_kho-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Tē-kiû kho-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tē-kiû kho-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="地球科學 – ကွမ်းတုံ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="地球科學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ကွမ်းတုံ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8008#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="မွဉ်းဖျင် ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါလိဉ့်ဖုံႏ" class="wbc-editpage">ခြပ်ချော်ꩻ လိဉ့်ဖုံႏ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ယီးနယ်မိဉ်ꩻဖုံႏ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="ထွား ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏလိတ်မဲ့ငါ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>လိတ်မဲ့ငါ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B7%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE:%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ဟော်ꩻထွားရီးတာႏ လိတ်မဲ့ငါအတာႏ အိုင်ကိုမ်ချက်ဖိုင်ႏ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>အိုင်ကိုမ်ချက်</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ဘာသာစကား မူကွဲကို ပြောင်းရန်" > <label 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href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6"><span>ဟော်ꩻ</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&veaction=edit" title="မွဉ်းဖျင် လိတ်မဲ့ငါယို [v]" accesskey="v"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=edit" title="မွဉ်းဖျင် လိတ်မဲ့ငါယို ကိုဒ်ရွီးခိုႏ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်အရွီးခိုႏ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=history" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခင်မူများ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ထွားရာႏဇာႏဝင်ႏ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="လိတ်မဲ့ငါ ကိရိယာႏ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ကိရိယာႏဖုံႏ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ကိရိယာႏဖုံႏ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ကိရိယာႏဖိုင်ႏ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">အွဉ်ႏပလို့ꩻ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=edit" title="မွဉ်းဖျင် လိတ်မဲ့ငါယို ကိုဒ်ရွီးခိုႏ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်အရွီးခိုႏ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=history"><span>ထွားရာႏဇာႏဝင်ႏ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> အစွိုးစွိုးအဒဝ်ႏဒဝ်ႏ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%89%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%BD%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="ဤနေရာသို့ လမ်းညွှန် လင့်ထားသည့် ဝီကီစာမျက်နှာများ၏ စာရင်း [j]" accesskey="j"><span>လိဉ့်မုဲင်ꩻဖုံႏအွဉ်ႏယိုကို</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:RecentChangesLinked/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" rel="nofollow" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာမှ ညွှန်းထားသည့် စာမျက်နှာများမှ လတ်တလော အပြောင်းအလဲများ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ဆွိုက်စပ်ဒါႏ အပြောင်ꩻအလုဲင်ꩻဖုံႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=blk" title="ဒင်ႏဖုဲင်ဖိုင်ႏ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ဒင်ႏဖုဲင်</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7%E1%80%84%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F" title="အထူး စာမျက်နှာများအားလုံး စာရင်း [q]" accesskey="q"><span>လိတ်မဲ့ငါအထူꩻဖုံႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&oldid=27197" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ယခုတည်းဖြတ်မူအတွက် ပုံသေလိပ်စာ"><span>လိဉ့်သေႏပုင်ႏသီ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=info" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအကြောင်း အချက်အလက်ပို၍"><span>လိတ်မဲ့ငါအချက်လျက်</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&id=27197&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာအား အကိုးအကားပြုပုံ အချက်အလက်များ"><span>အာႏကွိုꩻသွော့လိတ်မဲ့ငါယို</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%259F%25E1%2580%25B6%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25B6"><span>ထူႏ URL အဒွေါင်ႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fblk.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%259F%25E1%2580%25B6%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25B6"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ထေထန်ႏ/ပရိင့် </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6"><span>ဖန်ဆင်ꩻလိတ်ဖွူꩻ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%90%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=show-download-screen"><span>ဒေါင်းထူႏနေး PDF အနေႏ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&printable=yes" title="ဤစာမျက်နှာ၏ ပရင့်ထုတ်နိုင်သောမူ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ထေနွောင်ꩻပရင့်ဗားသိဉ်း</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ပရောစဲစ်အလင်ဖုံႏကို </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Earth_sciences" hreflang="en"><span>ဝီခီမီဒီယာ ကောင်မွဥ်း</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8008" title="ဒေတာအချက်အလက်နှင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ရန်လင့်ခ် [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ဝီကီဒေတာ item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="လိတ်မဲ့ငါ ကိရိယာႏ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">အပွိုင်အငုဲင်ꩻ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ဘေးဘားသို့ရွှေ့ပါ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">အွဉ်ႏပလို့ꩻ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">အဝ်ႏ ဝီခီပီးဒီးယား ကို</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="blk" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:DirkvdM_rocks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/DirkvdM_rocks.jpg/220px-DirkvdM_rocks.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/DirkvdM_rocks.jpg/330px-DirkvdM_rocks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/DirkvdM_rocks.jpg/440px-DirkvdM_rocks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>The rocky side of a mountain creek in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Rica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costa Rica (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">Costa Rica</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>ခမ်ႏဖာႏဟမ်ႏသိပ္ပံပညာႏ</b> (မိဉ်ႏတမွေးတောဝ်း) <b>ဘူမိသိပ္ပံ</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%84%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AB" title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ">အိန်းကလေတ်</a>: <span lang="en">Earth Science or Geoscience</span>) <b>ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏသိပ္ပံ</b> ယို <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F" title="ကမ္ဘာႏဟံႏ">ခမ်ႏဖာႏဂြိုဟ်ႏ</a>တောမ်ႏ ခွိုင်ႏကပွိုင်းဝွို့သွုပ်ဆွို့ဒါႏ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9E%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="သဘာဝသိပ္ပံ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">သဘာဝသိပ္ပံ</a> ပါသော့ꩻလို့လို့နောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ပညာႏရပ်ယိုနောဝ်ꩻ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏ တောမ်ႏ ဟမ်ႏတလီꩻထု ရုက်ပဲင်ꩻဆဲင်ႏရာꩻ တောမ်ႏ ဓါတုခြွဉ်းစုဗူႏပုံႏဆဲင်ႏရာꩻ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6" title="သိပ္ပံ">သိပ္ပံ</a>ပညာႏအခွဲꩻတဗာႏနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏသိပ္ပံယို ဂြိုဟ်ႏသိပ္ပံဌာႏနခွဲꩻတဗာႏအနေႏ အွဉ်ႏထွော့နွောင်ꩻဒျာႏသွူ။ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏသိပ္ပံပညာႏယို အဓိကထောင်ꩻထွားလွေꩻအပဲင်ꩻ အောဝ်ႏ (၄) ပဲင်ꩻ နောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ </p><p>ယွမ်ꩻလင်ꩻနေးသဖော်ꩻ (reductionism) တောမ်ႏ အဖဲ့ꩻပေါင်ꩻစွုမ်ႏဗော့ꩻလွဉ်သဖော်ꩻ (၂) ဗာႏလွုမ်း အောဝ်ႏနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ အနယ်ꩻယိုနောဝ်ꩻ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏတောမ်ႏ ဟမ်ႏအသောင်အရင်ꩻဖုံႏယို အောဝ်ႏအာႏကာႏသကို ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻနေးနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ထိုမ်ႏအီ စွန်ꩻအာႏ (စွမ်းအင်)တောမ်ႏ ဓါတ်<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF" title="သတ္တု">သတ္တု</a> အရင်ꩻအရွီးဖုံႏ တောမ်ႏ ဖေႏကတန်ဖြိုလွဉ်အတာႏ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏသိပ္ပံပညာႏသျှင်ႏယင်ဟန်ႏနောဝ်ꩻ သုံꩻအီႏဝွေꩻသီးဂြိုဟ်ႏထာꩻသေပညာႏနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ယင်ဟန်ႏနောဝ်ꩻတဲ လိုꩻသီးကခွုမ်မာꩻတွော့ꩻ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏအသောင်အရင်ꩻ ကထွာလင်ꩻလူးအလောင်းဖုံႏ ထောင်ထွားမှုတောမ်ႏ ရဲကာႏကွယ်ႏဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏဂြိုဟ်ႏအတာႏ ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻ ဒီသုဲင်းတဲမ်းထွို့ꩻနယ်ꩻဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ လိုꩻယင်ဟန်ႏနောဝ်ꩻတဲ လိုꩻသီးအတာႏန္တရာယ်ႏအီႏထွာလွဉ်အကျောင်ꩻတသေတောဝ်း ဒုံသားရပ်သားဖုံႏအတာႏ ခြပ်ရဲဉ်ႏစွဲကမ်းဖေႏ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%82%8F%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="မေႏကောင် (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">မေႏကောင်</a>ဖုံႏ၊ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%9F%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဟမ်ႏသီႏသွိုး (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ဟမ်ႏသီႏသွိုး</a>ဖုံႏတောမ်ႏ ဟာရီကန်းတလီꩻတဝိစ်ꩻသန်(မုန်တိုင်း)ဖုံႏ စတဲင်နုဲင်းနောဝ်ꩻဖုံႏအတာႏ ကပွိုင်းဝွို့တောမ်ႏ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏဆဲင်ႏရာꩻ ကထွာဖုံႏယို သုံꩻမာꩻလွေꩻဝွေꩻသီးထာꩻသေ ဗဟုသုတဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B2%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA:Volcano_q.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Volcano_q.jpg/220px-Volcano_q.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Volcano_q.jpg/330px-Volcano_q.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Volcano_q.jpg/440px-Volcano_q.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="449" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/w/index.php?title=Volcanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volcanic (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">volcanic</a> eruption is the release of stored energy from below Earth's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>၁<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏသိပ္ပံယို ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻ<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဘူမိဗေဒ">ဘူမိဗေဒ</a>၊ လီတိုဖာ တောမ်ႏ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏအကို ကတန်လွဉ်ꩻဒါႏခြွဉ်းဗူႏပွိုင်ဆင်ပုံႏလွုမ်ꩻတကာႏတောဝ်း တလီꩻထု၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%95%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ရူပဗေဒ">ရူပဗေဒ</a>၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%93%E1%80%AB%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" class="mw-redirect" title="ဓါတုဗေဒ">ဓါတုဗေဒ</a>၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%95%E1%80%91%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F" title="ဟံႏပထဝီႏ">ဟံႏပထဝီႏ</a>၊ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9D%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92" title="ဇီဝဗေဒ">ဇီဝဗေဒ</a> တောမ်ႏ <a href="/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B9%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC" title="သင်္ချာ">သင်္ချာ</a>ပညာႏရပ်ဖုံႏတွော့ꩻ သုံꩻအီတောမ်ႏကိရိယာႏဖုံႏတဲင် ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏမာꩻထာꩻမာꩻပုံႏ တောမ်ႏ ကထင်ႏထိုပြောင်ꩻလုဲင်ႏမှုယို တွက်ထူႏအီအစွိုးပေါင်ꩻ(အရေအတွက်)ဖေႏကလꩻ ဖေႏကသေနာႏအတာႏ မာꩻတယ်ႏသေꩻနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏသိပ္ပံပညာႏယို အကျိုꩻထဲ့လူးလွေꩻနီသွဉ်းသီး စွုမ်ႏနီꩻဖဝကိုသွူ။ ဥပမာႏ ခမ်းတလီꩻကထောင်ထွား(မိုးလေဝသ)ပညာႏသျှင်ႏဖုံႏ ယို ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻရာႏသီႏဥတုတဲင် အန္တရာယ်ႏကအောဝ်ႏနွောင်ꩻတလီꩻဝစ်ꩻတန် မုန်တိုင်းဖုံႏယို ဖေႏကသေရီးပွေားထွားနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%87%E1%80%9C%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ဇလဗေဒ (လိတ်မဲ့ငါ အဝ်ႏတဝ်းဒွိုန်း)">ဇလဗေဒ</a>ပညာႏသျှင်ႏဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻ ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻထီတဲင် ထီမိဉ်ႏတန်လွဉ်ယို ဖေႏသတိနွောင်ꩻနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ဟမ်ႏသီးသွိုးပညာႏသျှင်ႏဖုံႏယို ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻဟမ်ႏသီးသွိုးဖုံႏတဲင် ခမ်ႏခမ်းအွိုးမုဲင်ꩻဖုံႏယို ဟမ်ႏအီႏသီႏသွိုးနွောငါꩻဖေႏကသေနာႏ ကျိုꩻစာꩻသောင်ႏသာလွေꩻနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ ဘူမိဗေဒပညာႏသျှင်ႏဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻ ထောင်ထွားလွေꩻလုံးဖုံႏတဲင် စွဲကမ်းဖေႏ ထိုမ်ႏဖေႏ သုံꩻအီကလꩻဒါႏ ထာꩻအောင်ထန်ႏတခြိုꩻ (တွင်းထွက်ပစ္စည်း)ဖုံႏနောဝ်ꩻသွူ။ </p><p>ဟမ်ႏခမ်ႏဖာႏသိပ္ပံပညာႏသျှင်ႏသီးယို ထင်ႏ<a href="/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&veaction=edit&section=1" title="ခြပ်ချော်ꩻ အကွို့ꩻယို: အာႏကွိုꩻ" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E1%80%80%E1%80%99%E1%80%B9%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B6%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%95%E1%80%B9%E1%80%95%E1%80%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: အာႏကွိုꩻ"><span>မွဉ်းဖျင်အရွီးခိုႏ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1068">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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