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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First black nurse during the American Civil War</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Susie Taylor" redirects here. For the Australian former model, see <a href="/wiki/Suzi_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Suzi Taylor">Suzi Taylor</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Susie King Taylor</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg/220px-Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="446" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg/330px-Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg/440px-Susie_King_Taylor_LCCN2003653538.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Taylor in 1902</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Susan Ann Baker</div><br />August 6, 1848<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Georgia" title="Liberty County, Georgia">Liberty County, Georgia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 6, 1912<span style="display:none">(1912-10-06)</span> (aged 64)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope_Cemetery_(Boston)" title="Mount Hope Cemetery (Boston)">Mount Hope Cemetery</a>, Roslindale, Massachusetts</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Being the first Black nurse during the American Civil War</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Edward King (1837–1866)</li> <li>Russell L. Taylor (1879–1901)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Susie King Taylor</b> (August 6, 1848 – October 6, 1912) was an American nurse, educator and memoirist. She is known for being the first African-American nurse during the American Civil War. Beyond just her aptitude in nursing the wounded of the <a href="/wiki/1st_South_Carolina_Volunteer_Infantry_Regiment_(Colored)" title="1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment (Colored)">1st South Carolina Volunteer Infantry Regiment</a>, Taylor was the first Black woman to self-publish her memoirs. She was the author of <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/73499">Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33rd United States Colored Troops, Late 1st S.C. Volunteers</a></i>. She was also an educator to formerly bonded Black people in the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction-era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction-era">Reconstruction-era</a> South by opening various schools in <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>. Taylor would also be a part of organizing the 67 Corps of the Women's Relief Corps in 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Childhood">Childhood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Childhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Susie Taylor, born Susan Ann Baker, was the first of nine children born to Raymond and Hagar Ann Reed Baker on August 6, 1848. She was born into slavery on a plantation owned by Valentine Grest on the Isle of Wight in <a href="/wiki/Liberty_County,_Georgia" title="Liberty County, Georgia">Liberty County, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taylor is recognized as being a member of the <a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah peoples</a> of the coastal lowlands of Georgia, South Carolina and Florida.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When she was about seven years old, her grandmother Dolly Reed was allowed by the plantation owner to take Taylor to go live with her in <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She moved to her grandmother's house with her younger brother and sister. Taylor's grandmother sent her and her brother to be educated through what was known as an "<a href="/wiki/Underground_education" title="Underground education">underground education</a>". Under Georgia law, it was illegal for enslaved people to be educated. Taylor and her brother were taught by a friend of Dolly's, a woman known as Mrs. Woodhouse. She was a free woman of color that lived a half mile away from Taylor's house. Mrs. Woodhouse had the students enter one at a time with their books covered to keep from drawing too much attention by the police or the local white population. Taylor attended school with about 25 to 30 children for another two years, after which she would find instruction from another free woman of color, Mrs. <a href="/wiki/Mathilda_Beasley" title="Mathilda Beasley">Mathilda Beasley</a>. Savannah's first Black nun, Beasley would continue to educate Taylor until May 1860. Beasley told Taylor's grandmother that she had taught young Taylor all that she knew but would have to find someone else to continue her studies. </p><p>Dolly worked continuously to support the education of her granddaughter. Taylor became friends with a white playmate named Katie O’Connor who attended a local <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a>. Her new friend agreed to continue to give Taylor lessons if she promised not to tell anyone. After four months, this ended due to O’Connor going into the convent permanently. Lastly, Taylor would be educated by the son of their landlord, a boy named James Blouis, until he entered the Civil War. </p><p>Susie King Taylor's education would prove paramount.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ability to read and write would later give her power and protection for people of color—both the free and those in bondage. As a young child, she wrote town passes that gave some amount of security to Black people who were out on the street after the <a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a> bell was rung at nine o’clock each night. This helped keep the pass holders from being arrested by the watchman and placed in a guardhouse until the fines were paid by their master or guardian in order to release them. It was actions like these that continue to put into mind the struggles faced by Black people living in Georgia. Despite being exposed to propaganda that attempted to paint all people from the North as wanting to further subjugate the Black population, Taylor soon saw the importance of supporting the Union in the war. In 1862, she was given the opportunity to obtain her own freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teacher">Teacher</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Teacher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Susie_King_Taylor_School.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Susie_King_Taylor_School.jpg/220px-Susie_King_Taylor_School.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Susie_King_Taylor_School.jpg/330px-Susie_King_Taylor_School.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Susie_King_Taylor_School.jpg 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="570" /></a><figcaption>Susie King Taylor's school in Savannah, GA.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the Civil War began, Taylor was sent back to the country to her mother on April 1, 1862. During the battle between the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> army at <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pulaski_National_Monument" title="Fort Pulaski National Monument">Fort Pulaski</a>, Taylor, along with her uncle and his family, fled to <a href="/wiki/St._Catherines_Island" title="St. Catherines Island">St. Catherine's Island</a> to seek protection from the Union fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After two weeks, they were all transferred to <a href="/wiki/St._Simons_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Simons Island">St. Simon's Island</a>. While on the gunboat during the transfer, she was questioned by the commander of the boat, Captain Whitmore, inquiring where she was from. Susie informed him that she was from Savannah. He then asked her if she could read and write. When he learned that she could, he handed her a notebook and asked her to write her name and where she was from. After being on St. Simon's Island for about three days, Commodore Goldsborough visited her at Gaston Bluff where they were located. It was at this meeting she was asked to take charge and create a school for the children on the island. She agreed to do so, provided she be given the necessary books for study. She received the books and testaments from the North and began her first school.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of thirteen, Susie King Taylor founded the first free African-American school for children, and also became the first African-American woman to teach a free school in Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the day, Taylor educated more than forty children, and at her night school, adults attended her classes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation_of_the_33rd_Regiment_Colored_Troops">Formation of the 33rd Regiment Colored Troops</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Formation of the 33rd Regiment Colored Troops"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the later part of August 1862, Captain C. T. Trowbridge came to St. Simon's Island by order of General Hunter, a noted abolitionist. Under his orders all of the able men on the island were to be organized into his regiment. General Hunter was aware of the many skirmish events the men on the island had bravely fought and recruited them to join the 1st S. C. Volunteers, which would later be known as the 33rd U.S. Colored Troops. During October 1862, they received orders to evacuate everyone to Beaufort, S.C. All of the enlisted men were housed at Camp Saxton, and Susie was enrolled with the army as a laundress. During this time she married Edward King, a non-commissioned officer in the Company E regiment. Captain Trowbridge was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1864 and remained with the 33rd Regiment until they mused out on February 6, 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout their time in the regiment, both Susie and her husband, Sergeant Edward King, continued to expand the education of many colored soldiers by teaching them how to read and write in their spare time.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Susie's occupation title was laundress, while on <a href="/wiki/Morris_Island" title="Morris Island">Morris Island</a>, she spent little time doing these duties. Rather, she packed haversacks and cartridge packs for the soldiers to use in combat and carried out orders for the commanders.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She is also believed to have been entrusted with rifled muskets by the regiment's officers and rumored to be a dead shot. She was even trusted to engage in active picket line duty, contributing more to the war than education and nursing services.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nurse">Nurse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Nurse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In her memoirs published in 1902, Taylor shares many of the sickening sights she encountered and how willing she was to help the wounded and trying to alleviate their pain and how she cared for them while serving with the regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to her from Colonel C. T. Trowbridge, an officer of the 33rd regiment, he discusses the fact that she is unable to be placed on a pensioners' role for her actions, but was in fact an army nurse. He explains she is a person that is the most deserved of this pension regardless.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Susie King freely gave her service willingly to the U.S. Colored Troops for four years and three months and never received any pay.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1862, she shared about how she assisted with helping nurse a comrade in the military company she was serving with during the American Civil War. Edward Davis contracted varioloid, a form of smallpox that happens once a person is vaccinated from the disease.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She would attend to him every day in hopes of aiding his recovery. However, despite the effort and attention, he passed. She also helped in the recovery of smallpox as she had been vaccinated for the disease. She insisted that sassafras tea, if drank consistently, would help ensure that one could ward off the terrible disease. During her time as a nurse, she met <a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a>, who later founded the <a href="/wiki/American_Red_Cross" title="American Red Cross">American Red Cross</a>. Taylor visited the hospital at Camp Shaw in <a href="/wiki/Beaufort,_South_Carolina" title="Beaufort, South Carolina">Beaufort, South Carolina</a> and would tend to the wounded and sick.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reconstruction">Reconstruction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reconstruction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> ended and the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a> began, Susie and her husband Edward King left the 33rd regiment and returned to Savannah. While Taylor opened a school for African-American children (whom she called the "children of freedom") and an adult night school on South Broad Street, Edward tried to find a job in his trade as a carpenter.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, strong prejudices against the newly freed African Americans prevented Edward from securing a job despite being a skilled carpenter.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1866, just months before the birth of his child with Susie, Edward King died in a docking accident while he worked as a longshoreman.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although sources are a bit unclear as to how many schools Ms. Taylor eventually opened, they all state that she had to eventually close them all after charter schools for African Americans were established and she could no longer make a living through teaching. Susie placed her baby in her mother's care and took the only job available—as a <a href="/wiki/Domestic_worker" title="Domestic worker">domestic servant</a> to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Green, a wealthy white family.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1870, she traveled with the Greens to Boston for the summer, and while there, she won a prize for her excellent cooking at the fundraiser the ladies held to raise funds to build a new Episcopal church.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Reconstruction era, Taylor became a civil rights activist after witnessing much discrimination in the South, where <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a> mocked and terrorized African Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her book, Taylor mentions the constant <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynching</a> of Blacks and how southern laws were weaponized against anyone who was not white.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Towards the end of her life, Taylor sought to provide aid to <a href="/wiki/Afro-Cubans" title="Afro-Cubans">Afro-Cubans</a> after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish American War</a> in 1898. Taylor noticed that Afro-Cubans were being discriminated against in Cuba in similar ways to African Americans in the American South during Reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her history as an educator also fueled her activism as she challenged the United Daughters of the Confederacy in their campaign to rid all mention of slavery from U.S. school history curriculums.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taylor would travel once again to Boston in 1874 and entered into service for the Thomas Smith family in the Boston Highlands. After the death of Mrs. Smith, Taylor next served Mrs. Gorham Gray, of Beacon Street. Taylor remained with Mrs. Gray until her marriage to Russell L. Taylor in 1879.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women’s_Relief_Corps"><span id="Women.E2.80.99s_Relief_Corps"></span>Women’s Relief Corps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Women’s Relief Corps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Susie King Taylor was part of the organizing of Corps 67 of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Relief_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Relief Corps">Women's Relief Corps</a> in Boston in 1886. She held many positions, including guard, secretary, and treasurer. In 1893, she was elected president of Corps 67. In 1896, in response to an order to take a census of all of the Union Veterans now residing in Massachusetts, she helped create a complete roster for the veterans of the American Civil War to benefit many of her comrades.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Susie King Taylor became a member of an all-Black corps in Boston, the Robert A. Bell Pt.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resting_place">Resting place</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Resting place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taylor was buried in 1912 at Boston's <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hope_Cemetery_(Boston)" title="Mount Hope Cemetery (Boston)">Mount Hope Cemetery</a> in the same plot as her husband, Russell L. Taylor (1854–1901).<sup id="cite_ref-Courier_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, a researcher discovered that Susie King Taylor's name had not been added to the headstone.<sup id="cite_ref-Courier_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2021, Boston mayor <a href="/wiki/Kim_Janey" title="Kim Janey">Kim Janey</a> dedicated a new memorial headstone inscribed with Ms. Taylor's name and likeness. It was paid for by the Massachusetts branch of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Union_Veterans_of_the_Civil_War" title="Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War">Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Courier_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calhoun_live_oak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Calhoun_live_oak.jpg/220px-Calhoun_live_oak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Calhoun_live_oak.jpg/330px-Calhoun_live_oak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Calhoun_live_oak.jpg/440px-Calhoun_live_oak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Square_(Savannah,_Georgia)" title="Taylor Square (Savannah, Georgia)">Taylor Square</a> in Savannah.</figcaption></figure> <p>Calhoun Square, located at <a href="/wiki/Abercorn_Street" title="Abercorn Street">Abercorn Street</a> and East Wayne Street in Savannah, was renamed <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Square_(Savannah,_Georgia)" title="Taylor Square (Savannah, Georgia)">Taylor Square</a> during a regular meeting of the Savannah City Council on August 24, 2023. The square had carried the name of <a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">John C. Calhoun</a>, a pro-slavery former vice-president of the United States, since 1851.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, Taylor was elected posthumously to the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Georgia Women of Achievement">Georgia Women of Achievement</a> Hall of Fame (HOF) for her contributions to education, freedom, and humanity during her lifetime. Aside from being the first Black army nurse, Taylor was considered to be the first Black woman to teach in a school solely dedicated to educating former slaves. Between 1866 and 1868, she opened and taught at least three schools in coastal Georgia. </p><p>In 2015, the <b>Susie King Taylor Community School</b> was dedicated Savannah. In <a href="/wiki/Midway,_Georgia" title="Midway, Georgia">Midway, Georgia</a>, a coastal city 32 miles south of Savannah, stands the first <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque"> historic marker</a> to honor Taylor. Erected in 2019 near the Midway First Presbyterian Church by the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Historical_Society" title="Georgia Historical Society">Georgia Historical Society</a>, the official state marker commemorates Taylor's lifelong contributions to formal education, literature, and medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Susie King Taylor Women's Institute and Ecology Center</b> was established in 2015 in Midway by historian Hermina Glass-Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-SKTI_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SKTI-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Savannah, one of the four <a href="/wiki/Savannah_Belles_Ferry" title="Savannah Belles Ferry">Savannah Belles ferry boats</a> is named for Taylor.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_O._Henson" title="Julia O. Henson">Julia O. Henson</a> lived next to Taylor in Boston, cofounder of <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> and donated her house for the Harriet Tubman House for young women.<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKing_Taylor2016" class="citation book cs1">King Taylor, Susie (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/taylorsu/taylorsu.html"><i>Reminiscences of My Life in Camp with the 33d United States Colored Troops, Late 1st S.C. Volunteers</i></a>. Laconia Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+My+Life+in+Camp+with+the+33d+United+States+Colored+Troops%2C+Late+1st+S.C.+Volunteers&rft.pub=Laconia+Publishers&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=King+Taylor&rft.aufirst=Susie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocsouth.unc.edu%2Fneh%2Ftaylorsu%2Ftaylorsu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnfermagem2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Enfermagem, Sou (2018-07-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.souenfermagem.com.br/fundamentos/susie-king-taylor/">"Susie King Taylor"</a>. <i>Sou Enfermagem</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sou+Enfermagem&rft.atitle=Susie+King+Taylor&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.aulast=Enfermagem&rft.aufirst=Sou&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.souenfermagem.com.br%2Ffundamentos%2Fsusie-king-taylor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.susiekingtaylorinstitute.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>The SKT Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+SKT+Institute&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.susiekingtaylorinstitute.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/ghe/cascade/index.html?appid=5be2377c246c4b5483e32ddd51d32dc0&bookmark=Narrative%20of%20War">"Susie King Taylor: An African American Nurse and Teacher in the Civil War"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Susie+King+Taylor%3A+An+African+American+Nurse+and+Teacher+in+the+Civil+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fghe%2Fcascade%2Findex.html%3Fappid%3D5be2377c246c4b5483e32ddd51d32dc0%26bookmark%3DNarrative%2520of%2520War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing_Taylor2006" class="citation book cs1">King Taylor, Susie (2006). <i>Reminiscences of my Life in Camp</i>. Georgia, United States: <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Georgia_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Georgia Press">The University of Georgia Press</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2666-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-2666-5"><bdi>978-0-8203-2666-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reminiscences+of+my+Life+in+Camp&rft.place=Georgia%2C+United+States&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=The+University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-2666-5&rft.aulast=King+Taylor&rft.aufirst=Susie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wams.nyhistory.org/a-nation-divided/reconstruction/susie-baker-king-taylor/">"Life Story: Susie Baker King Taylor (1848–1912)"</a>. <i>Women & the American Story. New-York Historical Society Library</i>. February 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+the+American+Story.+New-York+Historical+Society+Library&rft.atitle=Life+Story%3A+Susie+Baker+King+Taylor+%281848%E2%80%931912%29&rft.date=2021-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwams.nyhistory.org%2Fa-nation-divided%2Freconstruction%2Fsusie-baker-king-taylor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohr1979" class="citation journal cs1">Mohr, Clarence L. (1979). "Before Sherman: Georgia Blacks and the Union War Effort, 1861–1864". <i>The Journal of Southern History</i>. <b>45</b> (3): 331–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2208198">10.2307/2208198</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2208198">2208198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Southern+History&rft.atitle=Before+Sherman%3A+Georgia+Blacks+and+the+Union+War+Effort%2C+1861%E2%80%931864&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=331-52&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2208198&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2208198%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Mohr&rft.aufirst=Clarence+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeedKennyWilliams2016" class="citation book cs1">Seed, David; Kenny, Stephen C.; Williams, Chris, eds. (March 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781781382509.001.0001"><i>Life and Limb</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3828%2Fliverpool%2F9781781382509.001.0001">10.3828/liverpool/9781781382509.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781382509" title="Special:BookSources/9781781382509"><bdi>9781781382509</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+and+Limb&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3828%2Fliverpool%2F9781781382509.001.0001&rft.isbn=9781781382509&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3828%2Fliverpool%2F9781781382509.001.0001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittlefield2020" class="citation book cs1">Littlefield, Valinda, ed. 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University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctv10tq3q7">10.2307/j.ctv10tq3q7</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64336-160-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64336-160-4"><bdi>978-1-64336-160-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243676901">243676901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+Women+Who+Shaped+South+Carolina&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243676901%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv10tq3q7&rft.isbn=978-1-64336-160-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctv10tq3q7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming1975" class="citation journal cs1">Fleming, John E. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Susie+King+Taylor+Institute&rft.atitle=About&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.susiekingtaylorinstitute.org%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catchacat.org/getting-around/ride-free-downtown/savannah-belles-ferry/">"Savannah Belles Ferry – Chatham Area Transit (CAT)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Rutgers University Press. pp. 74–75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-5213-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-5213-2"><bdi>978-0-8135-5213-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+Sisters%3A+Dorothy+West+and+Her+Circle%2C+A+Biography+of+the+Harlem+Renaissance&rft.pages=74-75&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-5213-2&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=Verner+D.&rft.au=Davis%2C+Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dza5r-NSJEEsC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusie+King+Taylor" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Espiritu, Allison. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/taylor-susan-susie-baker-king-1848-1912/">Susan Taylor (Susie) Baker King (1848–1912).</a>" 2007. Black Past. February 26.</li> <li>Everts, Cynthia Ann. 2016. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797298">Unbounded: Susie King Taylor's Civil War.</a>" Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School.</li> <li>Fleming, John E. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/44175355">Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction: A Study of Black Women in Microcosm.</a>" <i>Negro History Bulletin</i> 38, no. 6 (August–September 1975): 430–433.</li> <li>Groeling, Meg. 2019. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emergingcivilwar.com/2019/02/27/susie-king-taylor-the-first-african-american-army-nurse/">Susie King Taylor: The First African American Army Nurse.</a>" Emerging Civil War. February 27.</li> <li>King, Stewart, "Taylor, Susie Baker King" in <i>Encyclopedia of Free Blacks & People of Color in the Americas</i>, (New York: Facts on File 2012), 762–763.</li> <li>Mohr, Clarence L. "Before Sherman: Georgia Blacks and the Union War Effort, 1861–1864." The <i>Journal of Southern History</i> 45, no. 3 (1979): 331–52. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2208198">10.2307/2208198</a></li> <li>Robert C. Morris, <i>Reading, 'Riting, and Reconstruction: The Education of Freedmen in the South, 1861–1870</i> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981).</li> <li>Taylor, Susie King, "Reminiscences of My Life in Camp", in <i>Collected Black Women's Narratives</i>, edited by Anthony Barthelemy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susie_King_Taylor&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.susiekingtaylorinstitute.org/">Susie King Taylor Institute</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arcg.is/0aj8fL">Susie King Taylor at the Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/16713">Works by Susie King Taylor</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Template:Georgia Women of Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Template talk:Georgia Women of Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Georgia Women of Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Women_of_Achievement" title="Georgia Women of Achievement">Georgia Women of Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Berry" title="Martha Berry">Martha Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Craft_Laney" title="Lucy Craft Laney">Lucy Craft Laney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">Flannery O'Connor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicksie_Bradley_Bandy" title="Dicksie Bradley Bandy">Dicksie Bradley Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Musgrove" title="Mary Musgrove">Mary Musgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassandra_Pickett_Durham" title="Cassandra Pickett Durham">Cassandra Pickett Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Ross_Napier" title="Viola Ross Napier">Viola Ross Napier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey" title="Ma Rainey">Ma Rainey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Flisch" title="Julia Flisch">Julia Flisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_McCullers" title="Carson McCullers">Carson McCullers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mitchell" title="Margaret Mitchell">Margaret Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Hartley_Mosley" title="Ruth Hartley Mosley">Ruth Hartley Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Harvie_Thomas_Tubman" title="Emily Harvie Thomas Tubman">Emily Harvie Thomas Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selena_Sloan_Butler" title="Selena Sloan Butler">Selena Sloan Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Colquitt_Hunter" title="Anna Colquitt Hunter">Anna Colquitt Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Jane_Raines" title="Hazel Jane Raines">Hazel Jane Raines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Cobb_Milton_Atkinson" title="Susan Cobb Milton Atkinson">Susan Cobb Milton Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Peters_Black" title="Nellie Peters Black">Nellie Peters Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_and_William_Craft" title="Ellen and William Craft">Ellen Craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corra_Harris" class="mw-redirect" title="Corra Harris">Corra Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugenia_Burns_Hope" title="Lugenia Burns Hope">Lugenia Burns Hope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1997</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Rebecca Latimer Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Harris_Gay" title="Mary Ann Harris Gay">Mary Ann Harris Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Hart" title="Nancy Hart">Nancy Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Barrow_McIntire" title="Lucy Barrow McIntire">Lucy Barrow McIntire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lettie_Pate_Whitehead_Evans" title="Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans">Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Collier_Harris" title="Julia Collier Harris">Julia Collier Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoda_Kaufman" title="Rhoda Kaufman">Rhoda Kaufman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Steele_Logan" title="Carrie Steele Logan">Carrie Steele Logan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moina_Michael" title="Moina Michael">Moina Michael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Smith_(author)" title="Lillian Smith (author)">Lillian Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallie_Ellis_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallie Ellis Davis (page does not exist)">Sallie Ellis Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Askew_Haygood" title="Laura Askew Haygood">Laura Askew Haygood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Axson Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julia_L._Coleman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julia L. Coleman (page does not exist)">Julia L. Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Evans_Whitener" title="Catherine Evans Whitener">Catherine Evans Whitener</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wessie_Gertrude_Connell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wessie Gertrude Connell (page does not exist)">Wessie Gertrude Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lula_Dobbs_McEachern" title="Lula Dobbs McEachern">Lula Dobbs McEachern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Harrell_Strickland" title="Alice Harrell Strickland">Alice Harrell Strickland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Madeleine_Kiker_Anthony&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madeleine Kiker Anthony (page does not exist)">Madeleine Kiker Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Maud_Brown_Cobb" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena Maud Brown Cobb">Helena Maud Brown Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Lester_Dillon" title="Julia Lester Dillon">Julia Lester Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Ross_Wilburn" title="Leila Ross Wilburn">Leila Ross Wilburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathilda_Beasley" title="Mathilda Beasley">Mathilda Beasley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Frederick_Hays" title="Louise Frederick Hays">Louise Frederick Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Dortch_Longstreet" title="Helen Dortch Longstreet">Helen Dortch Longstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_McLendon_Murphy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah McLendon Murphy (page does not exist)">Sarah McLendon Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Barnelia_Woodward" title="Emily Barnelia Woodward">Emily Barnelia Woodward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Woodby_McKane" title="Alice Woodby McKane">Alice Woodby McKane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nina_Anderson_Pape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nina Anderson Pape (page does not exist)">Nina Anderson Pape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_Frances_Andrews" title="Eliza Frances Andrews">Eliza Frances Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Towns_Hamilton" title="Grace Towns Hamilton">Grace Towns Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Porter_Hillhouse" title="Sarah Porter Hillhouse">Sarah Porter Hillhouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_O._Bynum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret O. Bynum (page does not exist)">Margaret O. Bynum</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edith_Lenora_Foster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edith Lenora Foster (page does not exist)">Edith Lenora Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Douglas_Mankin" title="Helen Douglas Mankin">Helen Douglas Mankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Branham_Matthews" title="Sara Branham Matthews">Sara Branham Matthews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elfrida_De_Renne_Barrow" title="Elfrida De Renne Barrow">Elfrida De Renne Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amilee_Chastain_Graves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amilee Chastain Graves (page does not exist)">Amilee Chastain Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Dowdell_Myrick" title="Susan Dowdell Myrick">Susan Dowdell Myrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Pafford_Miller" title="Caroline Pafford Miller">Caroline Pafford Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Hurt_Yarn" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane Hurt Yarn">Jane Hurt Yarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Powers" title="Harriet Powers">Harriet Powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Lipscomb" title="Mary Ann Lipscomb">Mary Ann Lipscomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestine_Sibley" title="Celestine Sibley">Celestine Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Williams" title="Madrid Williams">Madrid Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Gordy_Carter" title="Lillian Gordy Carter">Lillian Gordy Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Francis_Hill_Coley" title="Mary Francis Hill Coley">Mary Francis Hill Coley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=May_duBignon_Stiles_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="May duBignon Stiles Howard (page does not exist)">May duBignon Stiles Howard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Randolph_Bailey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarah Randolph Bailey (page does not exist)">Sarah Randolph Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beulah_Rucker_Oliver" title="Beulah Rucker Oliver">Beulah Rucker Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Harpst" title="Ethel Harpst">Ethel Harpst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollie_Belle_Wylie" title="Lollie Belle Wylie">Lollie Belle Wylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Gregory_Jewett" title="Mary Gregory Jewett">Mary Gregory Jewett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Stanley_Dull" title="Henrietta Stanley Dull">Henrietta Stanley Dull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Stiles_Taylor" title="Rebecca Stiles Taylor">Rebecca Stiles Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ella_Gertrude_Clanton_Thomas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas (page does not exist)">Ella Gertrude Clanton Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazoline_Estelle_Usher" title="Bazoline Estelle Usher">Bazoline Estelle Usher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allie_Carroll_Hart" title="Allie Carroll Hart">Allie Carroll Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Freeborn_Pauley" title="Frances Freeborn Pauley">Frances Freeborn Pauley</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nell_Kendall_Hodgson_Woodruff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nell Kendall Hodgson Woodruff (page does not exist)">Nell Kendall Hodgson Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Harper_Heard" title="Sarah Harper Heard">Sarah Harper Heard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellamae_Ellis_League" title="Ellamae Ellis League">Ellamae Ellis League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hall_Underwood" title="Katie Hall Underwood">Katie Hall Underwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Mackenzie_Carter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Mackenzie Carter (page does not exist)">Carolyn Mackenzie Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont_Huger_Lee" title="Clermont Huger Lee">Clermont Huger Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucile_Nix" title="Lucile Nix">Lucile Nix</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludie_Clay_Andrews" title="Ludie Clay Andrews">Ludie Clay Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susie_Baker_King_Taylor" class="mw-redirect" title="Susie Baker King Taylor">Susie Baker King Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_George_S._Williams" title="Mamie George S. Williams">Mamie George S. Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Denmark" title="Leila Denmark">Leila Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dorothy_Lyndon" title="Mary Dorothy Lyndon">Mary Dorothy Lyndon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020s</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarice_Cross_Bagwell" title="Clarice Cross Bagwell">Clarice Cross Bagwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_DuPre_Lumpkin" title="Katharine DuPre Lumpkin">Katharine DuPre Lumpkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juanita_Marsh" title="Juanita Marsh">Juanita Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Elizabeth_Geiger_Wright" title="Jean Elizabeth Geiger Wright">Jean Elizabeth Geiger Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_M._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby M. Anderson (page does not exist)">Ruby M. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_G._Bryan" title="Mary G. Bryan">Mary G. Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Pope_Forester" title="Laura Pope Forester">Laura Pope Forester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Murray_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Murray Smith">Allie Murray Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Lurline_Collier" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizzie Lurline Collier">Lizzie Lurline Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Fields_Sanders" title="Josephine Fields Sanders">Josephine Fields Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_West" title="Hedy West">Hedy West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Wilkins" title="Josephine Wilkins">Josephine Wilkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyllis_Jenkins_Barrow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyllis Jenkins Barrow (page does not exist)">Phyllis Jenkins Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Coachman" title="Alice Coachman">Alice Coachman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_Flanders_Gambrell" title="Luck Flanders Gambrell">Luck Flanders Gambrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Rogers_Tilly" title="Dorothy Rogers Tilly">Dorothy Rogers Tilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beatrice_Hirsch_Haas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beatrice Hirsch Haas (page does not exist)">Beatrice Hirsch Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adella_Hunt_Logan" title="Adella Hunt Logan">Adella Hunt Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerie_Murphey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerie Murphey (page does not exist)">Valerie Murphey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elizabeth_%22Bessie%22_Tift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elizabeth "Bessie" Tift (page does not exist)">Elizabeth "Bessie" Tift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14954671#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14954671#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14954671#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1057678554">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87943996">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n87943995">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p296404276">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3079592">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA13287000?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/139388397">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69m8d8d">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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