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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>November elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_minister" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_minister"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Prime minister</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_minister-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Death-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Death subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Circumstances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Circumstances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Circumstances</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Circumstances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bodyguard_trials_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bodyguard_trials_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bodyguard trials and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bodyguard_trials_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zurab Zhvania</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0,_%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%B8%D4%A5%D0%B0" title="Жваниа, Зураб Виссарион-иԥа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Жваниа, Зураб Виссарион-иԥа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="زوراب جفانيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زوراب جفانيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Jvaniya" title="Zurab Jvaniya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zurab Jvaniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Зураб Жванія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зураб Жванія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Зураб Жвания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зураб Жвания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Xv%C3%A0nia" title="Zurab Xvània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zurab Xvània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Жвания Зураб Виссарионович – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Жвания Зураб Виссарионович" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_%C5%BDvanija" title="Zurab Žvanija – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zurab Žvanija" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surab_Schwania" title="Surab Schwania – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Surab Schwania" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_%C5%BDvania" title="Zurab Žvania – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Zurab Žvania" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Shvania" title="Zurab Shvania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zurab Shvania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_%C4%B4vania" title="Zurab Ĵvania – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zurab Ĵvania" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%98%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="زوراب ژوانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زوراب ژوانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zourab_Jvania" title="Zourab Jvania – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zourab Jvania" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania" title="Zurab Zhvania – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zurab Zhvania" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2_%D4%BA%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Զուրաբ Ժվանիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Զուրաբ Ժվանիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania" title="Zurab Zhvania – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Zurab Zhvania" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania" title="Zurab Zhvania – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Zurab Zhvania" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania_(politico)" title="Zurab Zhvania (politico) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zurab Zhvania (politico)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%91_%D7%96%27%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="זוראב ז'ווניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זוראב ז'ווניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91_%E1%83%9F%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ზურაბ ჟვანია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზურაბ ჟვანია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surab_Jwania" title="Surab Jwania – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Surab Jwania" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="झुराब झ्वानिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झुराब झ्वानिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91_%E1%83%9F%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ზურაბ ჟვანია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზურაბ ჟვანია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="زوراب جفانيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زوراب جفانيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Зураб Жвания – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Зураб Жвания" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Зураб Жвания – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зураб Жвания" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoerab_Zjvania" title="Zoerab Zjvania – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zoerab Zjvania" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2" title="ズラブ・ジワニア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ズラブ・ジワニア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_%C5%BBwania" title="Zurab Żwania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zurab Żwania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Jvania" title="Zurab Jvania – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zurab Jvania" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F,_%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Жвания, Зураб Виссарионович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Жвания, Зураб Виссарионович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania" title="Zurab Zhvania – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zurab Zhvania" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_%C5%BDvania" title="Zurab Žvania – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zurab Žvania" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zjvania" title="Zurab Zjvania – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zurab Zjvania" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Jvania" title="Zurab Jvania – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zurab Jvania" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%96%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Зураб Жванія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зураб Жванія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania" title="Zurab Zhvania – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Zurab Zhvania" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%97%A5%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="祖拉布·日瓦尼亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="祖拉布·日瓦尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q312493#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zurab_Zhvania" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Zurab_Zhvania" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Georgian politician; Prime Minister of Georgia (1963-2005)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Georgian rugby union player, see <a href="/wiki/Zurabi_Zhvania" title="Zurabi Zhvania">Zurabi Zhvania</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output 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width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Zurab_Zhvania" title="Special:EditPage/Zurab Zhvania">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Zurab+Zhvania%22">"Zurab Zhvania"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Zurab+Zhvania%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Zurab+Zhvania%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Zurab+Zhvania%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Zurab+Zhvania%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Zurab+Zhvania%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Zurab Zhvania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="ka"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">ზურაბ ჟვანია</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurab_zhavnia_senate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zurab_zhavnia_senate.JPG/200px-Zurab_zhavnia_senate.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Zurab_zhavnia_senate.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">4th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />17 February 2004 – 3 February 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i>; Himself as the State Minister of Georgia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a> (Acting)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State_Minister_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="State Minister of Georgia">State Minister of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />23 November 2003 – 17 February 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a> (Acting)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Avtandil_Jorbenadze" title="Avtandil Jorbenadze">Avtandil Jorbenadze</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office abolished</i>; himself as the Prime Minister of Georgia</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia">Chairman of the Parliament</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 November 1995 – 1 November 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />4 November 1992 – 5 February 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Citizens_of_Georgia" title="Union of Citizens of Georgia">Union of Citizens of Georgia</a></th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">9 December 1963<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1963-12-09</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">USSR</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(now <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 February 2005<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend dday deathdate">2005-02-04</span>)</span> (aged 41)<br />Tbilisi, Georgia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> (2004-2005)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=United_Democrats_(Georgia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="United Democrats (Georgia) (page does not exist)">United Democrats</a> (2002-2004)<br /><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Citizens_of_Georgia" title="Union of Citizens of Georgia">Union of Citizens of Georgia</a> (1995-2002)<br /><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Georgia">Green Party of Georgia</a> (1992-1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi_State_University" title="Tbilisi State University">Tbilisi State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Order_of_Victory" title="St. George's Order of Victory">St. George's Order of Victory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medal_of_13_January" title="Medal of 13 January">Medal of 13 January</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zurab_Zhvania_signature_(vect).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zurab Zhvania's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Zurab_Zhvania_signature_%28vect%29.svg/128px-Zurab_Zhvania_signature_%28vect%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Zurab_Zhvania_signature_%28vect%29.svg/192px-Zurab_Zhvania_signature_%28vect%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Zurab_Zhvania_signature_%28vect%29.svg/256px-Zurab_Zhvania_signature_%28vect%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="344" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zurab Zhvania</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">ზურაბ ჟვანია</span></span>; 9 December 1963 – 3 February 2005) was a <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> politician, who served as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister of Georgia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia">Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia</a>. </p><p>Zhvania began his political career at a young age as a member of Green Party in the early 90s. In 1993, Zhvania was elected General Secretary of Eduard Shevardnadze's political party. From that point on until his death in 2006, Zhvania played an important role in Georgian politics. In 1995 he became the chairman of parliament and maintained the post until his resignation in 1999, which was followed with the discharge of other ministers whom Zhvania had suspected of corruption. In 2003, Zhvania united with other opposition leaders, mainly Burdjanadze and Saakashvili, to hold non-violent protests against the rigging of the 2003 presidential elections. This protests culminated with the resignation of Shevardnadze and the ascendance of Saakashvili to the presidency. Zhvania became prime minister and served the post until his death in 2005. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhvania was born in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> into the family of Besarion Zhvania, an ethnic Georgian, and Rema Antonova, of mixed <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Georgia" title="Armenians in Georgia">Armenian</a> ancestry, both physicists working at the Tbilisi Institute of Physics.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985 he graduated from the Faculty of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Biology</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi_State_University" title="Tbilisi State University">Tbilisi State University</a>. He worked at the university through 1992. In 1993 he married Nino Kadagidze, who owned a book store with English language books in Tbilisi. They had a son and two daughters: Elisabeth, Besarion and Anna. Zhvania spoke Georgian, English, German and Russian. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhvania entered national politics in 1988. Between 1988 and 1990, Georgia's Green Party, which Zhvania co-chaired, was one of a number of opposition groups that took part in the country's drive to regain its independence. In September 1991 his party joined the opposition to the first post-Soviet President of Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a>. Gamsakhurdia's violent overthrow in January 1992 resulted in <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>, the former Soviet foreign minister, coming to power a few months later. In 1992 Zhvania was elected chairman of Eastern European Greens. </p><p>Shevardnadze established the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Citizens_of_Georgia" title="Union of Citizens of Georgia">Union of Citizens of Georgia</a> to provide a moderate centre-right grouping for reformist democrats. Zhvania joined the UGC in 1995, entering the Georgian parliament in the same year, and recruited other reformists to the party, notably <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a>. In 1993, Zhvania became general secretary of Shevardnadze's party. On 25 November 1995, after the party's victory at the election, he was elected as chairman of the Georgian parliament. </p><p>However, Zhvania fell out with Shevardnadze over a corruption scandal and resigned as speaker on 1 November 2001. He and Saakashvili also left Shevardnadze's party. In 2002, he established and chaired a new party, called the United Democrats. </p><p>Zhvania had a wife and three children, and in addition to his native <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>, he spoke Armenian, Hebrew, English, German, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>. Zurab Zhvania is the only Georgian Prime Minister to have died while in office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="November_elections">November elections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: November elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tbilisi,_Rose_Revolution_2003,_Zurab_Zhvania,_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tbilisi%2C_Rose_Revolution_2003%2C_Zurab_Zhvania%2C_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg/200px-Tbilisi%2C_Rose_Revolution_2003%2C_Zurab_Zhvania%2C_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tbilisi%2C_Rose_Revolution_2003%2C_Zurab_Zhvania%2C_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg/300px-Tbilisi%2C_Rose_Revolution_2003%2C_Zurab_Zhvania%2C_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Tbilisi%2C_Rose_Revolution_2003%2C_Zurab_Zhvania%2C_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg/400px-Tbilisi%2C_Rose_Revolution_2003%2C_Zurab_Zhvania%2C_one_of_the_oposition_leaders.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Zhvania addresses an opposition rally during the <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a>, November 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>The parliamentary elections of 2 November 2003 were widely condemned by local and international observers as being grossly rigged by the government. In response, Zhvania and other opposition figures called for mass protests against Shevardnadze. Two weeks of massive popular protests followed, forcing Shevardnadze's resignation on 23 November. He was replaced on an interim basis by Zhvania's successor as parliamentary speaker, <a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a>. Zhvania himself became a minister in the transitional government prior to fresh presidential elections held on 4 January 2004, which were won by Saakashvili. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prime_minister">Prime minister</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prime minister"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2004 according to the proposal of President Saakashvili Zhvania was elected as prime minister by the Parliament of Georgia. He led a young reformist cabinet with 15 members with an average age of 35 years. With his cabinet Zhvania was seen as a moderate counterweight to the "radical" attitudes of President Saakashvili. He also was a key figure in the talks on the separatist republics of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>. Controversial was Zhvania's role during the privatisations in Georgia, when he took over all final decisions, while the competent ministers of economy had to be changed three times within two years. Experts also criticized his role in the sale of the port of <a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a> and of 16 ships of the Georgian Black Sea fleet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Circumstances">Circumstances</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Circumstances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zhvania died early in the morning of 3 February 2005 from what officials claimed was <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning" title="Carbon monoxide poisoning">carbon monoxide poisoning</a> caused by an inadequately ventilated gas heater. He was in a rented apartment with <a href="/wiki/Raul_Usupov" title="Raul Usupov">Raul Usupov</a>, deputy governor of Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Kvemo_Kartli" title="Kvemo Kartli">Kvemo Kartli</a> region, at the time. Usupov also died. Guards entered the house after there was no word from Zhvania for several hours to find him in an armchair and Usupov in the kitchen. Details of the incident are still limited, although officials have said there was a gas-powered heating stove in the main room of the house, where a table was set up with a backgammon set lying open upon it. </p><p>Immediately after the incident, live on Rustavi-2 television, Georgia's Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Vano_Merabishvili" title="Vano Merabishvili">Vano Merabishvili</a> said there was no reason to suspect foul play.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (February 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Bodies were taken to the coroner's office, where a preliminary examination showed both died from <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a> poisoning. There were reports of serious technical violations when the gas heaters were installed, with officials saying there was no ventilation in the apartment. </p><p>However, Zhvania's family members have questioned the official version of the death, with Goga Zhvania having said that he was sure that his brother was assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2006 interview with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> Georgia's ex-president <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> also said that he believed Zhvania was murdered.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, <a href="/wiki/Irakli_Okruashvili" title="Irakli Okruashvili">Irakli Okruashvili</a> has also stated in his scandalous speech in <a href="/wiki/Imedi_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Imedi TV">Imedi TV</a>, that Zhvania's corpse was moved to the house, but who actually moved the corpse he said he was not going to talk about that any longer that day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (February 2023)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to some reports <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Machavariani" title="Mikheil Machavariani">Mikheil Machavariani</a>, Deputy Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia, was one of the last people who spoke with Zurab Zhvania the night before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a>, at an emergency Cabinet meeting, said, "In Zurab Zhvania, Georgia has lost a great patriot, who devoted his entire life to serving the motherland. Zurab's death is a great blow to Georgia and to me personally. I lost a very close friend, a reliable adviser and a great ally. I want to call on you all to be strong, because there is no greater responsibility than loyal service to our country and our people." Rabbi Mikhailashvili stated, "The Jewish community mourns the sudden loss of Zurab Zhvania. As a Jew, he had a close relationship to the Jewish community in Georgia."<sup id="cite_ref-auto_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of March 2014 Mikheil Saakashvili was wanted by the Georgian Prosecutor's office for questioning in an investigation carried out for the purpose of establishing circumstances surrounding Zhvania's death.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bodyguard_trials_and_aftermath">Bodyguard trials and aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bodyguard trials and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Years after the incident, Zhvania's death remains at the center of Georgia's political life.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 2015, several of Zhvania's bodyguards were convicted of neglect after they admitted that on the day of Zhvania's death they had left him alone, at his own request. According to the bodyguards, Zhvania maintained a secret apartment and went to unspecified meetings there, sometimes disguised in a beard. When the security personnel entered the apartment to check on Zhvania, they found his body naked along with the naked <a href="/wiki/Raul_Usupov" title="Raul Usupov">Raul Usupov</a>. The bodyguards admitted to tampering with the scene in order to erase any traces that the two men have had sex, so as to "keep his [Zhvania’s] name clean".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhvania's family members deny allegations of homosexuality and instead insist that it was a staged murder by unspecified persons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-auto-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050324005639/http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID=258172">"Jewish Community Mourns Sudden Loss of Georgian Prime Minister"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.ru/news/newsArticle.asp?AID%3D258172">the original</a> on 24 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+Community+Mourns+Sudden+Loss+of+Georgian+Prime+Minister&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.ru%2Fnews%2FnewsArticle.asp%3FAID%253D258172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/">"MSN | Outlook, Office, Skype, Bing, Breaking News, and Latest Videos"</a>. <i>www.msn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.msn.com&rft.atitle=MSN+%26%23124%3B+Outlook%2C+Office%2C+Skype%2C+Bing%2C+Breaking+News%2C+and+Latest+Videos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=14269">http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=14269</a> Civil Georgia, Tbilisi / 9 December 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caucaz.com/home_eng/depeches.php?idp=927&PHPSESSID=4c20ab1765f08ea162b9a56f7a39f21f">Shevardnadze says Georgia’s former PM Zhvania was murdered</a>", caucaz.com, 20 March 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/17/AR2006031702090.html">Shevardnadze the Survivor</a>", <i>The Washington Post</i>, 17 March 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssCBTrdBMFk">Video</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304152144/http://www.interpressnews.ge/en/politicss/71275-i-have-never-betrayed-zurab-zhvania-mp-mikheil-machavariani.html?ar=A">"I have never betrayed Zurab Zhvania - MP Mikheil Machavariani - News Agency InterpressNews"</a>. 4 March 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpressnews.ge/en/politicss/71275-i-have-never-betrayed-zurab-zhvania-mp-mikheil-machavariani.html?ar=A">the original</a> on 4 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=I+have+never+betrayed+Zurab+Zhvania+-+MP+Mikheil+Machavariani+-+News+Agency+InterpressNews&rft.date=2016-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpressnews.ge%2Fen%2Fpoliticss%2F71275-i-have-never-betrayed-zurab-zhvania-mp-mikheil-machavariani.html%3Far%3DA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКусов2006" class="citation news cs1">Кусов, Олег (4 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/156487.html">"Заместитель председателя парламента Грузии Михаил Мачавариани"</a>. <i>Радио Свобода</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2006-05-04&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svoboda.org%2Fa%2F156487.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27084">"Prosecutors Offer Saakashvili Questioning via Skype"</a>. <i>Civil.Ge</i>. Civil Georgia. 27 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil.Ge&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+Offer+Saakashvili+Questioning+via+Skype&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.civil.ge%2Feng%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D27084&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabula.ge/en/story/81329-prosecutors-office-summons-saakashvili-for-questioning-as-witness">"PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE SUMMONS SAAKASHVILI FOR QUESTIONING AS WITNESS"</a>. <i>Tabula</i>. 22 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tabula&rft.atitle=PROSECUTOR%27S+OFFICE+SUMMONS+SAAKASHVILI+FOR+QUESTIONING+AS+WITNESS&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabula.ge%2Fen%2Fstory%2F81329-prosecutors-office-summons-saakashvili-for-questioning-as-witness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabula.ge/en/story/81370-us-concerned-by-decision-to-summon-saakashvili-for-questioning">"US "CONCERNED" BY DECISION TO SUMMON SAAKASHVILI FOR QUESTIONING"</a>. <i>Tabula</i>. 24 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tabula&rft.atitle=US+%22CONCERNED%22+BY+DECISION+TO+SUMMON+SAAKASHVILI+FOR+QUESTIONING&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabula.ge%2Fen%2Fstory%2F81370-us-concerned-by-decision-to-summon-saakashvili-for-questioning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407095204/http://translations.state.gov/st/english/texttrans/2014/03/20140323296746.html">"State Dept. on Support for Accountability, Justice in Georgia"</a>. US Department of State. 23 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translations.state.gov/st/english/texttrans/2014/03/20140323296746.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Dept.+on+Support+for+Accountability%2C+Justice+in+Georgia&rft.pub=US+Department+of+State&rft.date=2014-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranslations.state.gov%2Fst%2Fenglish%2Ftexttrans%2F2014%2F03%2F20140323296746.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://1tv.ge/news-view/66309?lang=en">"Mikheil Saakashvili to answer questions in court"</a>. 1 Channel (Georgia). 29 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mikheil+Saakashvili+to+answer+questions+in+court&rft.pub=1+Channel+%28Georgia%29&rft.date=2014-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F1tv.ge%2Fnews-view%2F66309%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZurab+Zhvania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=28501">Jury Finds Late PM Zhvania’s Bodyguards Guilty of Neglect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Georgia" title="Civil Georgia">Civil Georgia</a>, 15 August 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dfwatch.net/two-psd-members-found-guilty-with-negligence-in-former-pms-death-37814">Two former guards found guilty of negligence in Zurab Zhvania’s death</a>, Democracy & Freedom Watch, 15 August 2015</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Zhvania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4231653.stm">Report on Zhvania's death</a> by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013092439/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article510283.ece">Zurab Zhvania, Prime Minister of Georgia who looked to the West and for consensus after his country's Rose Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kommersant.com/archive.asp?m=2&y=2005&d=3&id=-4651">Article from</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a></i>.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Georgian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060037/http://government.gov.ge/jvania.php">Zurab Zhvania memorial page</a> at the Government of Georgia website</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Avtandil_Jorbenadze" title="Avtandil Jorbenadze">Avtandil Jorbenadze</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">State Minister of Georgia</a> </b><br />2003–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">—</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Prime Minister of Georgia</a> </b><br />2004–2005 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Zurab_Nogaideli" title="Zurab Nogaideli">Zurab Nogaideli</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Heads_of_government_of_Georgia_since_1918" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Georgia" title="Template:Prime ministers of Georgia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Georgia" title="Template talk:Prime ministers of Georgia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Georgia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Georgia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Heads_of_government_of_Georgia_since_1918" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">Heads of government</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> since 1918</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Republic of Georgia">DR of Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Ramishvili" title="Noe Ramishvili">Ramishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Zhordania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgian SSR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Kavtaradze" title="Sergey Kavtaradze">Kavtaradze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polikarp_Mdivani" title="Polikarp Mdivani">Mdivani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalva_Eliava" title="Shalva Eliava">Eliava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipp_Makharadze" title="Filipp Makharadze">Makharadze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levan_Sukhishvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levan Sukhishvili (page does not exist)">Sukhishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Mgaloblishvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Mgaloblishvili (page does not exist)">Mgaloblishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Levan_Sukhishvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Levan Sukhishvili (page does not exist)">Sukhishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerian_Bakradze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerian Bakradze (page does not exist)">Bakradze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakhary_Chkhubianishvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakhary Chkhubianishvili (page does not exist)">Chkhubianishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zakhary_Ketskhoveli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zakhary Ketskhoveli (page does not exist)">Ketskhoveli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Valerian_Bakradze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valerian Bakradze (page does not exist)">Bakradze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givi_Javakhishvili" title="Givi Javakhishvili">Javakhishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurab_Pataridze" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurab Pataridze">Pataridze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Kartvelishvili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Kartvelishvili (page does not exist)">Kartvelishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otar_Cherkeziya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otar Cherkeziya (page does not exist)">Cherkeziya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zurab_Chkheidze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zurab Chkheidze (page does not exist)">Chkheidze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nodari_Chitanava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nodari Chitanava (page does not exist)">Chitanava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Sigua" title="Tengiz Sigua">Sigua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Sigua" title="Tengiz Sigua">Sigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murman_Omanidze" title="Murman Omanidze">Omanidze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besarion_Gugushvili" title="Besarion Gugushvili">Gugushvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Sigua" title="Tengiz Sigua">Sigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Shevardnadze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otar_Patsatsia" title="Otar Patsatsia">Patsatsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niko_Lekishvili" title="Niko Lekishvili">Lekishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vazha_Lortkipanidze" title="Vazha Lortkipanidze">Lortkipanidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Arsenishvili" title="Giorgi Arsenishvili">Arsenishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avtandil_Jorbenadze" title="Avtandil Jorbenadze">Jorbenadze</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zhvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Baramidze" title="Giorgi Baramidze">Baramidze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurab_Nogaideli" title="Zurab Nogaideli">Nogaideli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lado_Gurgenidze" title="Lado Gurgenidze">Gurgenidze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigol_Mgaloblishvili" title="Grigol Mgaloblishvili">Mgaloblishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nika_Gilauri" title="Nika Gilauri">Gilauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vano_Merabishvili" title="Vano Merabishvili">Merabishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidzina_Ivanishvili" title="Bidzina Ivanishvili">Ivanishvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakli_Garibashvili" title="Irakli Garibashvili">Garibashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Kvirikashvili" title="Giorgi Kvirikashvili">Kvirikashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamuka_Bakhtadze" title="Mamuka Bakhtadze">Bakhtadze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Gakharia" title="Giorgi Gakharia">Gakharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Tskitishvili" title="Maya Tskitishvili">Tskitishvili</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakli_Garibashvili" title="Irakli Garibashvili">Garibashvili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze" title="Irakli Kobakhidze">Kobakhidze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* denotes acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312493#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvCPy8VdCpWHwcC4rCJDq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/143423584">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006068641">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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