CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ramstein Air Base - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8ffeb464-c4dd-4fb3-95d3-4dd9af70c4c2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ramstein_Air_Base","wgTitle":"Ramstein Air Base","wgCurRevisionId":1250557498,"wgRevisionId":1250557498,"wgArticleId":53269,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk)","CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from April 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use dmy dates from April 2022","Articles needing additional references from November 2023","All articles needing additional references", "Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from November 2023","All articles needing copy edit","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Coordinates on Wikidata","Articles containing German-language text","Wikipedia articles scheduled for update tagging","Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2020","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2022","Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2024","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023","Articles needing additional references from December 2023","Articles containing Serbian-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2022","Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2021","Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency","Commons category link from Wikidata", "Airports in Rhineland-Palatinate","Buildings and structures in Kaiserslautern (district)","Installations of the United States Air Force in Germany","1953 establishments in West Germany","Military airbases established in 1953","NATO installations in Germany"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ramstein_Air_Base","wgRelevantArticleId":53269,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000, "wgCoordinates":{"lat":49.43683333333333,"lon":7.600333333333333},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q161348","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg/1200px-Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg/800px-Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg/640px-Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ramstein Air Base - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ramstein_Air_Base rootpage-Ramstein_Air_Base skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ramstein+Air+Base" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ramstein+Air+Base" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ramstein+Air+Base" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ramstein+Air+Base" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development_and_establishment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_and_establishment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Development and establishment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_and_establishment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Name_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Name changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_USAF_units_assigned" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_USAF_units_assigned"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Major USAF units assigned</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_USAF_units_assigned-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Major_U.S._Army_units_assigned" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Major_U.S._Army_units_assigned"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Major U.S. Army units assigned</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_U.S._Army_units_assigned-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-86th_Wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#86th_Wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>86th Wing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-86th_Wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NATO_command_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NATO_command_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>NATO command center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NATO_command_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ADOC_Kindsbach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ADOC_Kindsbach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>ADOC Kindsbach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ADOC_Kindsbach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drone_war_control_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drone_war_control_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Drone war control center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drone_war_control_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illegal_arms_and_munition_transports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illegal_arms_and_munition_transports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Illegal arms and munition transports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illegal_arms_and_munition_transports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Afghanistan_Evacuation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Afghanistan_Evacuation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Afghanistan Evacuation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Afghanistan_Evacuation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russo-Ukrainian_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russo-Ukrainian_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Russo-Ukrainian War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russo-Ukrainian_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Facilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Facilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airfield" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airfield"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Airfield</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airfield-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_and_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_and_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Role and operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_and_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Based_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Based_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Based units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Based_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Based units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Based_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States_Air_Force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Air_Force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>United States Air Force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Air_Force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_Army" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_Army"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>United States Army</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_Army-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-NATO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NATO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>NATO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NATO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fictional_entities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fictional_entities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Fictional entities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fictional_entities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In films</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>In games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>In music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>In television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Accidents and incidents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Accidents and incidents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Red_Army_Faction_car_bombing,_31_August_1981" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Red_Army_Faction_car_bombing,_31_August_1981"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Red Army Faction car bombing, 31 August 1981</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Red_Army_Faction_car_bombing,_31_August_1981-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ramstein_air_show_disaster,_28_August_1988" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ramstein_air_show_disaster,_28_August_1988"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ramstein air show disaster, 28 August 1988</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramstein_air_show_disaster,_28_August_1988-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C-5_crash,_29_August_1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C-5_crash,_29_August_1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>C-5 crash, 29 August 1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-5_crash,_29_August_1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Environmental scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ramstein Air Base</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قاعدة رامشتين الجوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاعدة رامشتين الجوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_A%C3%A9rea_de_Ramstein" title="Base Aérea de Ramstein – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Base Aérea de Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_(pahanginan_na_sukaranan)" title="Ramstein (pahanginan na sukaranan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ramstein (pahanginan na sukaranan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leteck%C3%A1_z%C3%A1kladna_Ramstein" title="Letecká základna Ramstein – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letecká základna Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsteini_%C3%B5huv%C3%A4ebaas" title="Ramsteini õhuväebaas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ramsteini õhuväebaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_A%C3%A9rea_de_Ramstein" title="Base Aérea de Ramstein – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Base Aérea de Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerbazo_Ramstein" title="Aerbazo Ramstein – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aerbazo Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_aire-basea" title="Ramstein aire-basea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ramstein aire-basea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پایگاه هوایی رامشتاین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پایگاه هوایی رامشتاین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_a%C3%A9rienne_de_Ramstein" title="Base aérienne de Ramstein – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Base aérienne de Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%8C%EC%8A%88%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%B0%EA%B8%B0%EC%A7%80" title="람슈타인 공군기지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="람슈타인 공군기지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1)" title="רמשטיין (בסיס) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רמשטיין (בסיס)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C5%A1teino_oro_baz%C4%97" title="Ramšteino oro bazė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ramšteino oro bazė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_l%C3%A9gi_t%C3%A1maszpont" title="Ramstein légi támaszpont – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ramstein légi támaszpont" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Ramstein_AB" title="Lapangan Terbang Ramstein AB – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lapangan Terbang Ramstein AB" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%85_%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%B7)" title="Рамштайн (нисэх онгоцны бааз) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Рамштайн (нисэх онгоцны бааз)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vliegbasis_Ramstein" title="Vliegbasis Ramstein – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vliegbasis Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="ラムシュタイン空軍基地 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラムシュタイン空軍基地" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_a%C3%A9rea_de_Ramstein" title="Base aérea de Ramstein – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Base aérea de Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baza_Aerian%C4%83_Ramstein" title="Baza Aeriană Ramstein – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Baza Aeriană Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0)" title="Рамштайн (авиабаза) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рамштайн (авиабаза)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baza_Ajrore_Ramstein" title="Baza Ajrore Ramstein – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Baza Ajrore Ramstein" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BD_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0)" title="Рамштајн (војна база) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рамштајн (војна база)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsteinin_lentotukikohta" title="Ramsteinin lentotukikohta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ramsteinin lentotukikohta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Ramstein Air Base – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ramstein Air Base" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramstein_Hava_%C3%9Css%C3%BC" title="Ramstein Hava Üssü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ramstein Hava Üssü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_(%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0)" title="Рамштайн (авіабаза) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рамштайн (авіабаза)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0%E7%A9%BA%E5%86%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%9C%B0" title="拉姆施泰因空军基地 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拉姆施泰因空军基地" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161348#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ramstein_Air_Base" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ramstein_Air_Base"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ramstein_Air_Base" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&oldid=1250557498" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ramstein_Air_Base&id=1250557498&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRamstein_Air_Base"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRamstein_Air_Base"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramstein_Air_Base" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161348" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ramstein_Air_Base&params=49_26.21_N_007_36.02_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°26.21′N</span> <span class="longitude">007°36.02′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.43683°N 7.60033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.43683; 7.60033</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">US Air Force base in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Special:EditPage/Ramstein Air Base">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Talk:Ramstein Air Base">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Special:EditPage/Ramstein Air Base">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ramstein+Air+Base%22">"Ramstein Air Base"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ramstein+Air+Base%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ramstein+Air+Base%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ramstein+Air+Base%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ramstein+Air+Base%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ramstein+Air+Base%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/36px-Acap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/54px-Acap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Acap.svg/72px-Acap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article, <b>except for the introduction</b>, <b>may require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">copy editing</a> for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You can assist by <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Special:EditPage/Ramstein Air Base">editing it</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Ramstein Air Base</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern_Military_Community" title="Kaiserslautern Military Community">Kaiserslautern Military Community</a> (KMC)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="label">Near <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheinland-Pfalz" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheinland-Pfalz">Rheinland-Pfalz</a> in Germany</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_District_supported,_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_(3985995069).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of Ramstein showing hangars, warehouses and the passenger terminal alongside the flight line." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg/250px-Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg/375px-Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg/500px-Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Aerial view of Ramstein showing hangars, warehouses and the passenger terminal alongside the flight line</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/100px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/150px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/200px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramstein is located in Rhineland-Palatinate"><img alt="Ramstein is located in Rhineland-Palatinate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg/250px-Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg/375px-Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg/500px-Rhineland-Palatinate_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.464%;left:61.341%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ramstein"><img alt="Ramstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/10px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/15px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/20px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Ramstein</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Rhineland-Palatinate</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Germany_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramstein is located in Germany"><img alt="Ramstein is located in Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Germany_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Germany_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1073" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.686%;left:21.003%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ramstein"><img alt="Ramstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/10px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/15px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/20px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Ramstein</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Germany</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ramstein is located in Europe"><img alt="Ramstein is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.913%;left:32.804%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-5px;top:-5px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ramstein"><img alt="Ramstein" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/10px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/15px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Airplane_silhouette.svg/20px-Airplane_silhouette.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:6px"><div>Ramstein</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ramstein_Air_Base&params=49_26.21_N_007_36.02_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°26.21′N</span> <span class="longitude">007°36.02′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.43683°N 7.60033°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.43683; 7.60033</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">US Air Force base</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400 ha (3,500 acres)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" title="Cabinet of Germany">German Federal Government</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Controlled by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">US Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Condition</th><td class="infobox-data">Operational</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161348#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Site history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1949<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1949</span>)</span>–1953</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In use</th><td class="infobox-data">1953–present</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Garrison information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Current<br />commander</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_(United_States)" title="General (United States)">Brigadier General</a> Otis C. Jones</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Garrison</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Occupants</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/37th_Airlift_Squadron" title="37th Airlift Squadron">37th Airlift Squadron</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/76th_Airlift_Squadron" title="76th Airlift Squadron">76th Airlift Squadron</a></li><li><i>See <a href="#Based_units">Based units</a> section for full list.</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Airfield information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Identifiers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Air_Transport_Association_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Air Transport Association airport code">IATA</a>: RMS, <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization_airport_code" class="mw-redirect" title="International Civil Aviation Organization airport code">ICAO</a>: ETAR</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">238 m (781 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">AMSL</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table style="width:100%; margin:-2px -1px -1px -1px; border-spacing:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: #ddd"> <th colspan="2" style="font-weight:normal; border:solid 1px #fafafa; border-width:0 0 1px 0;">Runways</th> </tr><tr style="background-color: #ddd; text-align: left;"> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; width: 25%; border:solid 1px #fafafa; border-width:1px 1px 0 0;padding:1px 2px;"><a href="/wiki/Runway#Orientation_and_dimensions" title="Runway">Direction</a></th> <th scope="col" style="font-weight:normal; width: 75%; border:solid 1px #fafafa; border-width:1px 0 0 1px;padding:1px 2px;">Length and surface</th> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align: center;">08/26</td> <td style="text-align: left;">3,199 m (10,497 ft) <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a></td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align: center;">09/27</td> <td style="text-align: left;">3,000 m (9,841 ft) <a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">Asphalt</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="text-align: left; background-color: #eee"><b>Sources:</b> DoD FLIP<sup id="cite_ref-DoD-FLIP-ENAME_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoD-FLIP-ENAME-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ramstein Air Base</b> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: <b>RMS</b>, <a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: <b>ETAR</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">United States Air Force installation</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>, southwestern <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. It serves as the headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa</a> (USAFE-AFAFRICA) and <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Allied Air Command</a> (AIRCOM). The base plays a key role in supporting forward military operations, particularly those deploying to <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. </p><p>Constructed between 1949 and 1952 by the French Army and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a>, Ramstein Air Base is part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern_Military_Community" title="Kaiserslautern Military Community">Kaiserslautern Military Community</a> (KMC), which houses around 54,000 American service members and over 5,400 U.S. civilian employees. Additionally, more than 6,200 German workers are employed within the KMC. Air Force units in the KMC employ nearly 9,800 military personnel, supported by approximately 11,100 family members. </p><p>Ramstein AB alone hosts over 16,200 military personnel, U.S. civilians, and contractors. The base is located near the town of <a href="/wiki/Ramstein-Miesenbach" title="Ramstein-Miesenbach">Ramstein-Miesenbach</a>, with the east gate about 16 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a> (10 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a>; 9 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a>) from <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, commonly known as "K-Town" among Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other nearby towns include <a href="/wiki/Landstuhl" title="Landstuhl">Landstuhl</a>, located 5 km (3 mi; 3 nmi) from the base's west gate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_and_establishment">Development and establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Development and establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1940, construction of today's <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_6" title="Bundesautobahn 6">Bundesautobahn 6</a></i></span> was stopped when <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Heuss_Bridge_(Frankenthal)" title="Theodor Heuss Bridge (Frankenthal)">a bridge</a> that was being built across the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine River">Rhine River</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a> collapsed, leaving a section of autobahn that could not be used. A part of the unused autobahn to the west of Mannheim, near <a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern" title="Kaiserslautern">Kaiserslautern</a>, was used as an airstrip by the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>. The airstrip was also used by the advancing <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Air_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a> during the final months of World War<span class="nowrap"> </span>II. The old autobahn section is still used as the access road to the east and west gates of the base and the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_6" title="Bundesautobahn 6">A6</a> was rebuilt south of the air base after the war. </p><p>During the initial postwar era, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">USAAF</a> repaired several former <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a> airfields in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, part of the American occupation zone of Germany. </p><p>The area was a <a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">swamp</a> that had to be built up by two metres (six feet) A train line was laid out from <span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Einsiedlerhof-Kaiserslautern</span></span> in a yoke shape around to the current base and back down to the Landstuhl spur in 1948, by agreement of the U.S. and French Occupational Forces. Trainloads of earth were moved over the line and spread over the base's current area to raise it to its current level. Once the ground was level, construction work began. Two bases were laid out. Landstuhl Air Base on the south side and Ramstein Air Station (station, no airstrip) on the north. From 1948 to the opening of the bases in 1953, it was the largest one spot construction site in Europe employing over 270,000 workers at one time.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Enough construction was completed in mid-1952 that Landstuhl<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB was opened on 5 August. Its facilities included a runway, dispersal hardstands, a <a href="/wiki/Control_tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Control tower">control tower</a>, ramps, and other flight-related facilities and the associated flying and support units. On 1 February  1952, Det<span class="nowrap"> </span>1, 86th Fighter-Bomber Wing arrived at Landstuhl<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB from <a href="/wiki/Neubiberg_Air_Base" title="Neubiberg Air Base">Neubiberg Air Base</a> near <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>. </p><p>On 1 June  1953, Ramstein Air Station was opened. Ramstein was the location of headquarters, Twelfth Air Force, and supported family housing, base exchange, commissary, dependents' schools and other administrative offices for the WAFs (Women's Air Force). The barracks that were built at Ramstein AS were used to house WAFs and single women that worked as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Government" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Government">U.S. Government</a> employees at both Ramstein<span class="nowrap"> </span>AS and Landstuhl<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB. On 27 April  1953, Headquarters, <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth Air Force</a> was activated on Ramstein Air Base, having moved from its joint facilities with HQ USAFE at <a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden_AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiesbaden AB">Wiesbaden AB</a>. What was not generally known at the time and not made public until after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in 1993, was the desire to have HQ<span class="nowrap"> </span>Twelfth Air Force in close proximity to the Air Defense Operations Center (ADOC)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>Kindsbach, <abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> 'Kindsbach Cave'<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>the site of NATO's underground combat operations center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 86th Air Base Group was activated as the main base support unit for Landstuhl while the 7030th HQ Support Group was the main base support unit for Ramstein. On 1 December  1957, the two bases were consolidated into the largest NATO-controlled air base in service on the <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">continent</a>. It was called "Ramstein–Landstuhl Air Base", but later, after the West German government continued construction of the A6 autobahn from Kaiserslautern to Saarbrücken, the autobahn cut off access at the south of the base which is where the main gate was in the city limit of Landstuhl. The main gate was moved to the west side of the base which was in the town of Ramstein. The two bases were joined and the current Kisling Memorial Drive cut off to the public which made one base. In 1961, the base was officially named "Ramstein Air Base." </p><p>One legacy of the two separate air bases is that the north side of Ramstein retained a separate APO from the south side. The north side (Ramstein AB) is APO<span class="nowrap"> </span>AE<span class="nowrap"> </span>09012, while the south side (Landstuhl<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB) is APO<span class="nowrap"> </span>AE<span class="nowrap"> </span>09009. Also separate Combat Support Groups, the 7030th for the north side, and the 86th for the south side existed. These were consolidated in the 1980s, and the two Combat Support units were merged into the 377th Combat Support Wing. There is still a north and south side <a href="/wiki/Health_club" title="Health club">Fitness Centers</a>. The current northside Community Center before housed the WAF NCO Club. As well, there were two <a href="/wiki/Movie_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie Theater">Movie Theaters</a> on the North side and two on the South side. Currently, only two still stand on the north side: a remodeled Nightingale Theater (known before as the Four Corners Theater) on the corner across from the Base gas Station, and the north side AAFES dry cleaners that was known as the Ramstein Rocket Theater. </p><p>Near the Ramstein Air Base is the <a href="/wiki/Landstuhl_Regional_Medical_Center" title="Landstuhl Regional Medical Center">Landstuhl Regional Medical Center</a> (LRMC), operated by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a>. Although part of the Kaiserslautern Military Community, LRMC has a separate history and was never a part of Ramstein or Landstuhl Air Bases, although both facilities have utilized the medical facilities at LRMC, since they were established in 1953. Currently there are plans on the drawing board from the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Defense" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Defense">U.S. Department of Defense</a> to build a new Medical Center on the current U.S. Army Weilerbach Storage Installation just to the east of Ramstein<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB. Construction is to be completed in and around 2024.. It will be a twelve-story facility to house all departments of LRMC and the current Ramstein AB Clinic along with Dental Clinic facilities for the whole KMC. In turn, the East Gate to Ramstein<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB will be extended from its current location to just off the Autobahn 6 Einsiedlerhof exit to the base at what is known as the Elvis Gate. </p><p>From 2004 to 2006, Ramstein Air Base underwent an extensive expansion with a major construction project – including an all-new <a href="/wiki/Airport_terminal" title="Airport terminal">airport terminal</a>, among other new facilities, through the so-called Rhein-Main Transition Program which was initiated in support of the total closure of <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base" title="Rhein-Main Air Base">Rhein-Main Air Base</a> on 30 December  2005 and transferring all its former capacities to Ramstein Air Base (70%) and <a href="/wiki/Spangdahlem_Air_Base" title="Spangdahlem Air Base">Spangdahlem Air Base</a> (30%). </p><p>Ramstein served as temporary housing for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States men's national soccer team">United States men's national soccer team</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006<span class="nowrap"> </span>World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Name_changes">Name changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Name changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Landstuhl Air Base, 5 August  1952</li> <li>Ramstein Air Base, 1 June  1953</li></ul> <dl><dd>Landstuhl and Ramstein were separate bases until 1 December  1957</dd></dl> <ul><li>Ramstein–Landstuhl Air Base, 1 December  1957</li> <li>Ramstein Air Base, 15 August  1958<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>present</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_USAF_units_assigned">Major USAF units assigned</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Major USAF units assigned"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source: Fletcher, <i>Air Force Bases, Volume II</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li>86th Air Base Group, 5 April 1952<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>14 November 1968</li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Wing (various designations)</a>, 21 August 1952<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>18 November 1960; 31 January 1973<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span><b>present</b></dd> <dd>(86th Air Base Group (later under various designations) assigned as subordinate unit, 21 August 1952)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/86th_Air_Division" title="86th Air Division">86th Air Division</a>, 18 November 1960<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>14 November 1968</dd></dl> <ul><li>7030th Combat Support Group, 6 April 1953<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 May 1960</li></ul> <dl><dd>7030th Air Base Wing, 5 October 1966<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>14 June 1985</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth Air Force</a>, 27 April 1953<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 January 1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7486th_Air_Defense_Group" title="7486th Air Defense Group">7486th Air Defense Group</a>, 1 May 1954<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>25 September 1957</li> <li><a href="/wiki/322d_Air_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="322d Air Division">322d Air Division</a>, 22 March 1954<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>12 August 1955</li></ul> <dl><dd>322d Airlift Division, 23 June 1978<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 April 1992</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7455th_Tactical_Intelligence_Wing" title="7455th Tactical Intelligence Wing">7455th Tactical Intelligence Wing</a>, 1 September 1985<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 July 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventeenth Air Force">Seventeenth Air Force</a>, 15 November 1959<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>7 October 1972; 1 October 2008<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>24 April 2012</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break" style="width: 50%;"> <ul><li>HQ, Atlantic Air Rescue Center (various designations), 8 October 1961<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>30 June 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing</a>, 5 October 1966<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>31 January 1973</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAFE" class="mw-redirect" title="USAFE">HQ, USAFE</a>, 10 March 1973<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span><b>present</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/306th_Flying_Training_Group" title="306th Flying Training Group">306th Strategic Wing</a>, 15 August 1976<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>30 June 1978</li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Air_Division" title="7th Air Division">7th Air Division</a>, 1 July 1978<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 February 1992</li> <li><a href="/wiki/316th_Air_Division" title="316th Air Division">316th Air Division</a>, 14 June 1985<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 May 1991</li> <li>NHQ119 Civil Air Patrol<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>Ramstein Cadet Squadron<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>Unit 3395, 1984<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span><b>present</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/377th_Combat_Support_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="377th Combat Support Wing">377th Combat Support Wing</a>, 14 June 1985<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>1 May 1991</li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Base_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="435th Air Base Wing">435th Air Base Wing</a>, 15 January 2004<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>16 July 2009</li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" title="435th Air Ground Operations Wing">435th Air Ground Operations Wing</a>, 16 July 2009–<b>present</b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38th_Combat_Support_Wing" title="38th Combat Support Wing">38th Combat Support Wing</a>, 24 May 2005<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>30 June 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing" title="521st Air Mobility Operations Wing">521st Air Mobility Operations Wing</a>, 4 September 2008<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span><b>present</b></li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Major_U.S._Army_units_assigned">Major U.S. Army units assigned</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Major U.S. Army units assigned"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source: Fletcher, <i>Air Force Bases, Volume II</i><sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Theater_Sustainment_Command" title="21st Theater Sustainment Command">21st TSC</a> / 39th Movement Control BN. (2008<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> – </span>Present)</li> <li>USAREUR Movement Control Team / AMC Logistic Center</li> <li>USAREUR Overseas Replacement Center<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>Contingency Operations / AMC Passenger Terminal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_history_2">Operational history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="86th_Wing">86th Wing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 86th Wing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:86th_Airlift_Wing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/86th_Airlift_Wing.png/80px-86th_Airlift_Wing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/86th_Airlift_Wing.png/120px-86th_Airlift_Wing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/86th_Airlift_Wing.png/160px-86th_Airlift_Wing.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg/220px-F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg/330px-F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg/440px-F-4E-F-16C-86thTFW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption>McDonnell Douglas F-4E-55-MC Phantom II, AF Ser. No. 68-0517 and General Dynamics F-16C Block 25E Fighting Falcon, AF Ser. No. 84–0296 of the 526th TFS/86th TFW, flying in formation, 1985.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ram-c130.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Ram-c130.jpg/220px-Ram-c130.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Ram-c130.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption>Lockheed C-130E Hercules of the 37th AS/86th Airlift Wing.</figcaption></figure> <p>Reassigned from <a href="/wiki/Neubiberg_Air_Base" title="Neubiberg Air Base">Neubiberg Air Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> in 1952 and except for a period between 1968 and 1973, the <a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Wing</a>, under various designations, has been the main operational and host unit at Ramstein Air Base. </p><p>Throughout the 1950s, the 86th was primarily a Fighter-Bomber Wing. In 1960, it was realigned to an air defense mission and became the <a href="/wiki/86th_Air_Division" title="86th Air Division">86th Air Division</a> (Defense). The 86th AD was inactivated in 1968. Returning as an <a href="/wiki/F-4_Phantom_II" class="mw-redirect" title="F-4 Phantom II">F-4 Phantom II</a> Tactical Fighter Wing in 1973, the 86th TFW performed that mission until 1994, deploying components to the Middle East during the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. </p><p>On 14 August  1976, the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> 306th Strategic Wing was activated at Ramstein with a KC-135 air refueling and an RC-135 reconnaissance mission. The 306th also functioned as the focal point for all SAC operations in Europe and as liaison between SAC and USAFE. The wing moved to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mildenhall" title="RAF Mildenhall">RAF Mildenhall</a>, England on 1 July  1978. </p><p>In June 1985, the <a href="/wiki/316th_Air_Division" title="316th Air Division">316th Air Division</a> was activated, centralizing command authority at Ramstein. The 86 TFW became the division's flight operations arm, while the newly formed <a href="/wiki/377th_Air_Base_Wing" title="377th Air Base Wing">377th Combat Support Wing</a>, also activated in 1985, became responsible for the logistical and administrative support on base, replacing the 86th and 7030 Combat Support Wings. On 28 August  1988, Ramstein Air Base was the site of the tragic <a href="/wiki/Ramstein_airshow_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramstein airshow disaster">Ramstein airshow disaster</a>, which killed 72 spectators and three pilots, and injured hundreds. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, the 86th was realigned to become the <a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a>. On 1 July  1993, the 55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron moved from the 435th<span class="nowrap"> </span>AW at <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base" title="Rhein-Main Air Base">Rhein-Main Air Base</a> Germany to Ramstein. On 1 October, the 75th and 76th Airlift Squadron arrived at Ramstein from the 60th AW at <a href="/wiki/Travis_Air_Force_Base" title="Travis Air Force Base">Travis Air Force Base</a> California, and 437th<span class="nowrap"> </span>AW at <a href="/wiki/Charleston_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Charleston AFB">Charleston AFB</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a>, respectively. A year later on 1 October  1994, the 37th<span class="nowrap"> </span>Airlift Squadron was transferred to Ramstein from Rhein-Main. </p><p>In 1999, the activation of the 86th Contingency Response Group brought the airfield and aerial port operations and provision of force protection at contingency airfields mission to the wing. </p><p>On 24 May  2004, the <a href="/wiki/38th_Combat_Support_Wing" title="38th Combat Support Wing">38th Combat Support Wing</a> was activated to enhance support to USAFE geographically separated units. This wing was inactivated in 2007. The 521st Air Mobility Operations Wing was activated on 4 September  2008. The wing is the headquarters for the existing 721st Air Mobility Operations Group at Ramstein and the 521st AMOG at <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Rota,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Station Rota, Spain">Naval Station Rota, Spain</a>. The 521st AMOW provides an enhanced level of control for the AMC route structure in Europe, which includes critical locations for getting people, cargo and patients to and from current war zones.<sup id="cite_ref-m521_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m521-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1984, the Kindsbach Cave had become too small and its cost for renovation too high. The USAFE vacated the facility and, on 31 October  1993, control was returned to the German government and the German government returned the facility to the original owner of the land. Today, the Kindsbach Cave is private property, through tours of the cave can be arranged. The cave is overgrown by vegetation, trees, and new housing. </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing" title="521st Air Mobility Operations Wing">521st Air Mobility Operations Wing</a> stood up on 4 September  2008.<sup id="cite_ref-m521_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m521-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the commander of the 521st AMOW is Colonel Adrienne Williams.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2023 a new Space Force component stands up at Ramstein Air Base.<sup id="cite_ref-ussfComponent_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ussfComponent-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing">26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tr-26trw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tr-26trw.jpg/80px-Tr-26trw.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tr-26trw.jpg/120px-Tr-26trw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Tr-26trw.jpg/160px-Tr-26trw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg/220px-Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg/330px-Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg/440px-Rs-26trw-rf4c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>McDonnell RF-4C Phantoms of the 38th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, 26th TRW, AF Serial Numbers 65–0891, 65–0826 and 66–0418.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 7 March  1966, French President <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> announced that France would withdraw from NATO's integrated military structure. The United States was informed that it must remove its military forces from France by 1 April  1967. </p><p>As a result, the <a href="/wiki/26th_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Wing" class="mw-redirect" title="26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing">26th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing</a>, based at Toul-Rosieres Air Base, France, and two of its squadrons, the 38th and 32d, equipped with the <a href="/wiki/F-4_Phantom_II" class="mw-redirect" title="F-4 Phantom II">RF-4C Phantom II</a>, were relocated to Ramstein on 5 October  1966. </p><p>Assigned squadrons of the 26th TRW at Ramstein were: </p> <ul><li>38th Tactical Reconnaissance (RF-4C, Tail Code: RR)</li> <li>526th Fighter Interceptor/Tactical Fighter (F-102/F-4E (1970) Tail Code: RS)</li> <li>7th Special Operation (C-130, C-47, UH-1)</li></ul> <p>While at Ramstein, the 26th TRW acquired a number of other units with different flying missions. One function gained by the 26 TRW, almost immediately after arriving at Ramstein, was the maintenance and flying of the HQ USAFE liaison aircraft. In addition, the Wing was responsible for flying members of the HQ USAFE staff to Air Force and NATO bases throughout Europe. In addition, the 26th TRW was only designated as a flight, because of its small size. It consisted of a mixture of aircraft, including: T-29s, T-33s, T-39s, C-54s, O-2s, H-19s, and UH-1s. </p><p>In 1971 a detachment of the 630th Military Airlift Support Squadron from <a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base" title="Rhein-Main Air Base">Rhein-Main Air Base</a> was assigned to Ramstein and a large cargo aerial port constructed. This allowed <a href="/wiki/Military_Airlift_Command" title="Military Airlift Command">Military Airlift Command</a> <a href="/wiki/C-141" class="mw-redirect" title="C-141">C-141</a> and <a href="/wiki/C-5_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="C-5 Galaxy">C-5 Galaxy</a> aircraft to use Ramstein as a transshipment point for material, which was then moved within USAFE by <a href="/wiki/C-130" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130">C-130</a> tactical transports. </p><p>In the spring of 1972, the 7th Special Operations Squadron (SOS) was assigned flying C-130Es, C-47As, and UH-1Ns. Because of the special operations mission of the 7 SOS, it reported directly to HQ USAFE for operational control. </p><p>As part of operation "Creek Action", a command-wide effort to realign functions and streamline operations, HQ USAFE transferred the 26th TRW from Ramstein to <a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken_Air_Base" title="Zweibrücken Air Base">Zweibrücken Air Base</a> and the 86th Tactical Fighter Wing was reassigned from Zweibrücken to Ramstein on 31 January  1973. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NATO_command_center">NATO command center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: NATO command center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From its inception, Ramstein was designed as a NATO command base. In 1957, Ramstein provided support for NATO's <b>HQ Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force</b>, which moved to Ramstein from <a href="/wiki/Trier_Air_Base" title="Trier Air Base">Trier Air Base</a> on 10 November  1957 upon the closure of that facility. Also on that date, HQ Twelfth Air Force was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Bergstrom_Air_Force_Base" title="Bergstrom Air Force Base">Bergstrom Air Force Base</a>, Texas, and was assigned to <a href="/wiki/Tactical_Air_Command" title="Tactical Air Command">Tactical Air Command</a>. It was replaced by HQ Seventeenth Air Force (USAFE) which was moved from North Africa. In turn, the 17th AF was replaced by its mother unit HQ USAFE from Lindsey Air Station, Wiesbaden, West Germany in 1973. The HQ 17th AF was moved to Sembach AB at that time and controlled all USAF Air Divisions and Wings north of the Alps, with the exception of the British Isles and Scandinavia, which were controlled by HQ 3rd AF at Mildenhall. </p><p>On 31 January  1973, several headquarters were relocated into and out of Ramstein, when Seventeenth<span class="nowrap"> </span>AF moved to <a href="/wiki/Sembach_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Sembach Air Base">Sembach Air Base</a> to make room for the expected move of HQ<span class="nowrap"> </span>USAFE to Ramstein. This entire operation, code-named "Creek Action", was carried out as part of the USAF's new worldwide policy of locating the most vital headquarters in thinly populated rural areas rather than near cities. Later, HQ USAFE was moved, due to the fact that US Intelligence found that the Soviets had plans to invade Western Europe through the Fulda Gap in West Germany. The military thought to move vital HQs on the other side of the Rhein River for protection. </p><p>As a result of this policy change, Ramstein air base became a large multi-national NATO center: in addition to the USAFE's headquarters, it also housed the new NATO headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Forces_Central_Europe" title="Allied Air Forces Central Europe">Allied Air Forces Central Europe</a> (AAFCE). </p><p>The AAFCE also commanded the 2nd Allied Tactical Air Force (2ATAF) and the 4th ATAF. The 4th ATAF, which had been headquartered at Ramstein for many years, included the 1st Canadian Air Group, 1st and 2nd Divisions of the West <a href="/wiki/German_Air_Force" title="German Air Force">German Air Force</a>, and units of the USAFE's 3rd and 17th Air Force. HQ USAFE fully completed its move from Wiesbaden to Ramstein in early 1991. </p><p>With USAFE's arrival in 1973, Ramstein entered a period of expansion. The duel commander of the 316th AD / 86 TFW became host commander of Americans living in the Kaiserslautern Military Community instead of the US Army 21st Commanding General. The Wiesbaden USAF Community was then traded to the US Army Control as for an even Kaiserlautern switch. The KMC from the 1950s to the early 1990s had an average population of Americans of 110,000, outnumbering those Germans in the City of Kaiserslautern for that period. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein,_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein%2C_1981.jpg/250px-RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein%2C_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein%2C_1981.jpg/375px-RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein%2C_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein%2C_1981.jpg/500px-RAF-Bombenanschlag_in_Ramstein%2C_1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1416" /></a><figcaption>Aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> (RAF) bombing attack of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">U.S. Air Forces Europe</a> headquarters at Ramstein Air Base, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> (1981).</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Forces_Central_Europe" title="Allied Air Forces Central Europe">Allied Air Forces Central Europe</a> was established at Ramstein on 28 June  1974. Ramstein subsequently provided support for other headquarters including the <b>322nd Airlift Division</b> that arrived on 23 June  1978, and <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">SAC</a>'s <b>7th Air Division</b> that arrived on 1 July  1978. In December 1980, HQ Fourth Allied Tactical Air Force was moved from Ramstein to <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> and co-located with HQ Central Army Group. </p><p>In 1984, an enlisted airman (Sgt Darrel Dietlein), assigned to the <a href="/wiki/1964th_Communications_Group" title="1964th Communications Group">1964th Communications Group</a>, solicited National Headquarters Civil Air Patrol to charter the first "Cadet Squadron" in West Germany, naming the unit "Ramstein Cadet Squadron" and becoming the unit's first commander as a CAP First Lieutenant. The Ramstein Cadet Squadron was formed with Captain Mark Bailey serving as the unit's first liaison officer, as well as other like minded military volunteers and roughly six cadets. To this day, the squadron enjoys vibrant member participation, as well as base support, hosting the European Encampments along with their traditional military studies, cadet programs and aerospace education efforts. The Ramstein Cadet Squadron commander as of February 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> is 1st Lt Cody Chenowith. The squadron is the central hub for all CAP units in Europe. Membership as of April 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> was 55 members. In the subsequent years, a companion cadet squadron was formed at Spangdahlem Air Base. Distance learning cadets are located at SHAPE, Belgium and Hohenfels, Germany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Encyclopedic_content" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not"><span title="The material preceding this tag may lack sufficient importance. (November 2023)">importance?</span></a></i>]</sup> Additionally, the Ramstein Cadet Squadron is the second oldest and continuous operating unit on the installation and even predating the 86th Air Wing. </p><p>Today, the base is home to the <a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Allied Air Command</a>, which is responsible to <a href="/wiki/Joint_Force_Command_Brunssum" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Force Command Brunssum">Joint Force Command Brunssum</a>, the only and main NATO command unit on Ramstein AB. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ADOC_Kindsbach">ADOC Kindsbach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: ADOC Kindsbach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ramstein_Air_Base" title="Special:EditPage/Ramstein Air Base">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Close to Ramstein was the site of <b>Air Defense Operations Center (ADOC)<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>Kindsbach</b>, AKA 'Kindsbach Cave' – the site of Europe's underground combat operations center. </p><p>The facility was located in a former German western front command headquarters. The French took control of the underground bunker after World War II, and USAFE assumed control in 1953. After major renovations, USAFE opened the center on 15 August  1954. </p><p>The center was a state-of-the-art, 67-room, 3,400-square-metre (37,000 sq ft) facility where USAFE could have led an air war against the Soviet Union. The center had a digital computer to work out bombing problems, cryptographic equipment for coded message traffic and its own photo lab to develop reconnaissance photos. Responsible for an air space extending deep behind the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>, the center interacted directly with <a href="/wiki/The_Pentagon" title="The Pentagon">The Pentagon</a>, NATO, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a> and all USAFE bases. With its massive telephone switchboard and 80 teletype machines, the cave was plugged into everything in the outside world. The center was receiving more than 1,000 calls a day. </p><p>As a further measure of protection, the cave was fully self-contained with its own <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a>, electric backup-generators, <a href="/wiki/Climate_control" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate control">climate controls</a>, dining facilities and sleeping accommodations for its 125-man crew. Visitor passes were rarely issued to this secret facility. </p><p>Throughout the years, leadership changed but USAFE led the operations through numbered Air Forces. The center's commander was the USAFE Advanced Echelon. The glassed-in office was on the top floor of the three-story underground command center. Directly under the office was the management for offensive air operations. And the bottom floor office was the management for defensive air operations – to include support for U.S. Army forces and West German Civil Defense. All three offices had a full view of the massive Air Operations Center map on the opposing wall. </p><p>The AOC was the largest room in the complex. Its three-story map was used to plot minute-by-minute movements of friendly and unidentified aircraft. But the center was much more than just a tracking station, because it could also react to threats. They always knew the current operational status of air weapons in theater including missiles, and could dispatch armed response "at a moment's notice". </p><p>By the early 1960s, the manual plotting system used to track aircraft at the cave and elsewhere throughout West Germany was too slow and inaccurate for the quick responses necessary. Beginning in 1962, airmen trained in the new 412L air weapons control system began to arrive in Germany and at the cave. Over the next year, the new GE semi-automatic system was installed. When complete at the cave, the current air picture over East and West Germanies, as well as parts of the eastern Soviet bloc countries, was displayed on a 12-by-12-metre (40 ft × 40 ft) screen with radar information provided by various 412L sites located throughout West Germany. Senior U.S. staff monitored the dynamic display <a href="/wiki/24/7" class="mw-redirect" title="24/7">24/7</a>. Over the next several years, additional 412L sites throughout Germany joined the network, until the manual system had been totally replaced. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drone_war_control_center">Drone war control center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Drone war control center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2015, Ramstein Air Base was reported by German and international media as an important <a href="/wiki/Mission_control_center" title="Mission control center">control center</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">drone</a> war staged under the <a href="/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration">Obama administration</a> against targets in areas like <a href="/wiki/Drone_strikes_in_Pakistan" title="Drone strikes in Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_drone_strikes_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="List of drone strikes in Yemen">Yemen</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">Afghanistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Somali Civil War (2009–present)">Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The German government claimed not to have been informed about this function of the U.S. base. </p><p>In a TV and online documentary, the German <a href="/wiki/Das_Erste" title="Das Erste">Das Erste</a> channel cited 2014 reports from <a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">Norddeutscher Rundfunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a>, and the <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i></span> that revealed Ramstein to be an important hub in the drone war against terror suspects. New data, provided by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Snowden" title="Edward Snowden">Edward Snowden</a> affiliate <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Greenwald" title="Glenn Greenwald">Glenn Greenwald</a>, supported these reports with <a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">classified</a> documents from inside the U.S. administration and were also presented in the <a href="/wiki/Citizenfour" title="Citizenfour">Citizenfour</a> video documentary.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revelation of US drone activities from Ramstein lead to nationwide anti-drone protests under the banner of "Stop Ramstein Air Base".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, three <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemenis</a> who lost relatives in a 2012 US drone strike took legal action against the German government for aiding the breaking of international law by the United States, by tolerating these operations from Ramstein. The German Higher Administrative Court in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a> ruled that the German government must take appropriate measures to control whether the US army follows <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a> at Ramstein Air Base.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the possibilities of Germany to control US activities on their territory are very limited as the United States have jurisdiction over Ramstein Air Base.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illegal_arms_and_munition_transports">Illegal arms and munition transports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Illegal arms and munition transports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015, the Serbian newspaper <span title="Serbian-language text"><i lang="sr"><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernje_novosti" title="Večernje novosti">Večernje novosti</a></i></span> reported about Ramstein Air Base being used by the United States Armed Forces to transport arms and munitions to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 2017, an anonymous U.S. official stated that the U.S. does, indeed, use Ramstein Air Base to supplement Syrian rebels with arms and munition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Germany" title="Cabinet of Germany">German Federal Government</a> stated that it did not grant the necessary permits for these transports, nor that it had been informed about them.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kaiserslautern <a href="/wiki/Public_prosecutor%27s_office_(Germany)" title="Public prosecutor's office (Germany)">public prosecutor's office</a> did not initiate any official investigations. She checked generally accessible sources, on which some of the press articles mentioned were based, and obtained information from the authorities involved in monitoring foreign trade. According to the review, there was "no evidence of concrete arms transports to Syria via Ramstein". However, the journalistic conclusion cannot be ruled out, according to the prosecution authority.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previous investigations of the Ramstein Air Base, such as the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_case" title="Abu Omar case">Abu Omar case</a>, have proven to be unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the investigations into the arms and ammunition transports had been successful, this would have constituted a violation of the German <a href="/wiki/Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz" title="Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz">Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz</a> (War Weapons Control Act) and the Foreign Trade and Payments Act.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Afghanistan_Evacuation">Afghanistan Evacuation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Afghanistan Evacuation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bound_for_US,_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bound_for_US%2C_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg/220px-Bound_for_US%2C_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bound_for_US%2C_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg/330px-Bound_for_US%2C_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Bound_for_US%2C_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg/440px-Bound_for_US%2C_Last_Afghan_evacuees_depart_Ramstein_Air_Base_October_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2021_Kabul_airlift" title="2021 Kabul airlift">Afghan evacuees</a> board their final flight from Ramstein Air Base in October 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>In late Summer 2021, Ramstein Air Base became the transfer point for thousands of Afghan civilians fleeing Afghanistan following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Kabul_(2021)" title="Fall of Kabul (2021)">fall of Kabul</a> back into <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> hands as U.S. and NATO forces withdrew from the country. Civilian airlines under the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Reserve_Air_Fleet" title="Civil Reserve Air Fleet">Civil Reserve Air Fleet</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Airlines,_LLC" title="Eastern Airlines, LLC">Eastern</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United</a> were allowed to land at Ramstein and serve as flights to take Afghan families and other supporters of the U.S. and NATO forces to new lives in the United States. Those who had to stay on the base were cared for in makeshift living centers which were set up to tend to their needs until they could be processed and flown to the United States. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russo-Ukrainian_War">Russo-Ukrainian War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Russo-Ukrainian War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting" title="2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting">2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting</a></div> <p>On 26 April 2022, Ramstein Air Base hosted a meeting of the International Advisory Group on Ukraine's Defense and Counteraction to Russia, convened by US Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> to synchronize and coordinate Ukraine's military assistance in the war with Russia. The event was attended by heads of defense agencies of 42 countries. The meeting was attended by Minister of Defense of Ukraine <a href="/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov" title="Oleksii Reznikov">Oleksii Reznikov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The participating countries agreed on financial assistance to Ukraine and the supply of "heavy" weapons. They also allowed Ukraine to strike at Russian strategic sites with Western weapons. The next meetings are planned to be held monthly.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An RAAF E-7A Wedgetail is based at Ramstein from October 2023, for a six-month deployment to supplement NATO AEW&C. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Facilities">Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airfield">Airfield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Airfield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ramstein Air Base consists of two runways<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>09/27 and 08/26<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>two large aprons, one near a hangar north of Runways 27 and 26, and one to the north of 09 and 08. The north-western apron also has a small passenger terminal with two <a href="/wiki/Jetways" class="mw-redirect" title="Jetways">jetways</a>. This means the air base is capable of joint-use operations, although currently there are no scheduled airlines running flights to and from Ramstein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four schools at Ramstein Air Base: Ramstein Elementary School (grades PreK–2), Ramstein Intermediate School (grades 3–5), Ramstein American Middle School (grades 6–8), and <a href="/wiki/Ramstein_High_School" title="Ramstein High School">Ramstein High School</a> (grades 9–12). All of these schools are run by <a href="/wiki/DoDDS" class="mw-redirect" title="DoDDS">DoDDS</a>, a component of <a href="/wiki/DoDEA" class="mw-redirect" title="DoDEA">DoDEA</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_and_operations">Role and operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Role and operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:86th_Airlift_Wing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/86th_Airlift_Wing.png/80px-86th_Airlift_Wing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/86th_Airlift_Wing.png/120px-86th_Airlift_Wing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/86th_Airlift_Wing.png/160px-86th_Airlift_Wing.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="965" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png/80px-435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png/120px-435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png/160px-435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png/80px-521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png/120px-521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png/160px-521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing.png 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The host unit is the <a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a> (86<span class="nowrap"> </span>AW), commanded as of 15 July 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a> Otis C. Jones.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 86th Airlift Wing is composed of six groups, 30 squadrons and four bases in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the Azores, and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. Its mission is the operation and maintenance of airlift assets consisting of <a href="/wiki/C-130J" class="mw-redirect" title="C-130J">C-130Js</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-21_Learjet" class="mw-redirect" title="C-21 Learjet">C-21s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/C-37A" class="mw-redirect" title="C-37A">C-37A</a> Gulfstream aircraft throughout Europe, Africa and the Middle East. </p><p>Also at Ramstein is the <a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" title="435th Air Ground Operations Wing">435th Air Ground Operations Wing</a> (formerly the 435th Air Base Wing) (435<span class="nowrap"> </span>AGOW), which focuses on base-support responsibilities within the KMC. It is composed of five groups and 20 squadrons. The wing provides rapid mobility and agile combat support for military operations, and maintains expeditionary forces and infrastructure. </p><p>As of July 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the commander of the 435th AGOW is Colonel Bryan T. Callahan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ramstein's wings are assigned to the headquarters 3rd Air Force also based at Ramstein<span class="nowrap"> </span>AB that controls most of the USAF Wings throughout Europe. </p><p>There is often a Summer Camp to Ramstein from British CCF (RAF) and ATC cadets, as well as Civil Air Patrol encampments and tours like the ones held in July 2015<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Based_units">Based units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Based units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flying and notable non-flying units based at Ramstein Air Base.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Ramstein, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Air_Force">United States Air Force</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: United States Air Force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa</a> (USAFE-AFAFRICA)</b> </p> <ul><li>Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span>Air Forces Africa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third Air Force</a> <ul><li>Headquarters Third Air Force</li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/86th_Operations_Group" title="86th Operations Group">86th Operations Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/37th_Airlift_Squadron" title="37th Airlift Squadron">37th Airlift Squadron</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/76th_Airlift_Squadron" title="76th Airlift Squadron">76th Airlift Squadron</a><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> — </span><a href="/wiki/Learjet_35#35A" title="Learjet 35">C-21A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_V" title="Gulfstream V">C-37A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Aeromedical_Evacuation_Squadron" title="86th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron">86th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron</a></li> <li>86th Operational Support Squadron</li></ul></li> <li>86th Civil Engineer Group <ul><li><a href="#786th_Civil_Engineer_Squadron">786th Civil Engineer Squadron</a></li></ul></li> <li>86th Logistics Readiness Group</li> <li>86th Maintenance Group</li> <li>86th Medical Group</li> <li>86th Mission Support Group <ul><li>786th Force Support Squadron</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="406th Air Expeditionary Wing">406th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" title="435th Air Ground Operations Wing">435th Air Ground Operations Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Air_Support_Operations_Group" title="4th Air Support Operations Group">4th Air Support Operations Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Air_Support_Operations_Squadron" title="2nd Air Support Operations Squadron">2nd Air Support Operations Squadron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Combat_Weather_Squadron" title="7th Combat Weather Squadron">7th Combat Weather Squadron</a></li></ul></li> <li>435th Air and Space Communications Group <ul><li>1st Air & Space Communications Operations Squadron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Combat_Communications_Squadron" title="1st Combat Communications Squadron">1st Combat Communications Squadron</a></li> <li>1st Communications Maintenance Squadron</li></ul></li> <li>435th Contingency Response Group <ul><li>435th Construction and Training Squadron</li> <li>435th Contingency Response Squadron</li> <li>435th Contingency Response Support Squadron</li> <li>435th Security Forces Squadron</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">Air Combat Command</a> (ACC)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/480th_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Wing" title="480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing">480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/693rd_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Group" title="693rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group">693rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group</a> (GSU) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/24th_Intelligence_Squadron" title="24th Intelligence Squadron">24th Intelligence Squadron</a></li> <li>402nd Intelligence Squadron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/450th_Intelligence_Squadron" title="450th Intelligence Squadron">450th Intelligence Squadron</a></li> <li>693rd Intelligence Support Squadron</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">Air Mobility Command</a> (AMC)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Expeditionary_Center" title="United States Air Force Expeditionary Center">United States Air Force Expeditionary Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing" title="521st Air Mobility Operations Wing">521st Air Mobility Operations Wing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/721st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Group" title="721st Air Mobility Operations Group">721st Air Mobility Operations Group</a> <ul><li>10th Expeditionary Aeromedical Evacuation Flight</li> <li>313th Expeditionary Operations Support Squadron</li> <li>721st Aerial Port Squadron</li> <li>721st Aircraft Maintenance Squadron</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States_Army">United States Army</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: United States Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa">United States Army Europe and Africa</a></b> <b>(USAREUR-AF)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st_Theater_Sustainment_Command" title="21st Theater Sustainment Command">21st Theater Sustainment Command</a> <ul><li>Ramstein Army Reception Center (RARC)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NATO">NATO</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: NATO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Headquarters_Allied_Powers_Europe" title="Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe">Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</a> (SHAPE)</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Allied Air Command</a> (AIRCOM)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fictional_entities">Fictional entities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Fictional entities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lois_Lane" title="Lois Lane">Lois Lane</a> was born at Ramstein Air Base despite the base opening in 1948 and Lane debuting in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_films">In films</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In films"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ramstein was the location where Colonel Masters is taken after being rescued by his son in <i><a href="/wiki/Iron_Eagle" title="Iron Eagle">Iron Eagle</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1986_in_film" title="1986 in film">1986</a>).</li> <li>Ramstein was the location of the aborted landing of <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> when it is hijacked by a group of terrorists in <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One_(film)" title="Air Force One (film)">Air Force One</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1997_in_film" title="1997 in film">1997</a>). <a href="/wiki/Rickenbacker_Air_National_Guard_Base" title="Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base">Rickenbacker Air National Guard Base</a> stood in for Ramstein as the film was shot mostly in the state of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.</li> <li>Ramstein was the location where Ethan Hunt and his team are given a second chance to retrieve stolen plutonium in <i><a href="/wiki/Mission:_Impossible_%E2%80%93_Fallout" title="Mission: Impossible – Fallout">Mission: Impossible – Fallout</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/2018_in_film" title="2018 in film">2018</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_games">In games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: In games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ramstein Air Base appears in the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_Clancy%27s_EndWar" title="Tom Clancy's EndWar">Tom Clancy's EndWar</a></i> as a possible battlefield. In the game, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> has since collapsed, and the base is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Europe" title="Federal Europe">European Federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Duty:_Modern_Warfare_3" title="Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3">Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3</a></i>, Ramstein Air Base suffers a surprise invasion by <a href="/wiki/Russian_Ground_Forces" title="Russian Ground Forces">Russian Ground Forces</a> after a <a href="/wiki/Gas_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas attack">gas attack</a>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Wargame:_European_Escalation" title="Wargame: European Escalation">Wargame: European Escalation</a></i>, one mission of the NATO campaign takes place in the base.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_literature">In literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Both Ramstein Air Force Base and the Ramstein air disaster figure as plot points in <a href="/wiki/Donna_Leon" title="Donna Leon">Donna Leon</a>'s second Guido Brunetti novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Death_in_a_Strange_Country" title="Death in a Strange Country">Death in a Strange Country</a></i> (1993)</li> <li>The base was mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Walter_Dean_Myers" title="Walter Dean Myers">Walter Dean Myers</a>' book <i>Sunrise over Fallujah</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_music">In music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rammstein" title="Rammstein">Rammstein</a>, a German metal band formed in 1994, have stated that they take their name from the <a href="/wiki/Ramstein_air_show_disaster" title="Ramstein air show disaster">Ramstein air show disaster</a>; in turn, the asteroid <a href="/wiki/110393_Rammstein" title="110393 Rammstein">110393 Rammstein</a> is named after the band. The band's <a href="/wiki/Rammstein_(song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rammstein (song)">self-titled song</a> (on the album <i><a href="/wiki/Herzeleid" title="Herzeleid">Herzeleid</a></i> (1995)) refers to the event.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_television">In television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: In television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a></i> episode "Memorial Day", <a href="/wiki/Donna_Moss" title="Donna Moss">Donna Moss</a> is flown to Ramstein to be treated at Landstuhl Regional Medical Center nearby.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_West_Wing" title="The West Wing">The West Wing</a></i> episode "Red Haven's on Fire", Air Force Veteran <a href="/wiki/Leo_McGarry" title="Leo McGarry">Leo McGarry</a> refers to "Ramstein Air Force Base".</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Pilot_(Homeland)" title="Pilot (Homeland)">pilot</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Homeland_(TV_series)" title="Homeland (TV series)">Homeland</a></i>, Marine Sergeant <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brody" title="Nicholas Brody">Nicholas Brody</a> is debriefed in Ramstein after being rescued from an al-Qaeda base in Iraq.</li> <li>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Madam_Secretary_(TV_series)" title="Madam Secretary (TV series)">Madam Secretary</a></i> episode "The Seventh Floor", journalist Colin Mitchell is flown to Ramstein after being released by the Sudanese government.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law & Order: Special Victims Unit">Law & Order: Special Victims Unit</a></i>, chief medical examiner <a href="/wiki/List_of_Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit_characters#Melinda_Warner" title="List of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit characters">Melinda Warner</a> reveals in season 7's "<a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit_(season_7)#Episodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 7)">Blast</a>" that she served on the base in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Accidents and incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Red_Army_Faction_car_bombing,_31_August_1981"><span id="Red_Army_Faction_car_bombing.2C_31_August_1981"></span>Red Army Faction car bombing, 31 August  1981</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Red Army Faction car bombing, 31 August 1981"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Forces in Europe">U.S. Air Forces in Europe</a> (USAFE) headquarters became the target of a bombing attack at 07:21 on 31 August  1981, carried out by a <a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> commando called 'Sigurd Debus'. A total of 20 victims were injured, some seriously. <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ramstein_air_show_disaster,_28_August_1988"><span id="Ramstein_air_show_disaster.2C_28_August_1988"></span>Ramstein air show disaster, 28 August  1988</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Ramstein air show disaster, 28 August 1988"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ramstein_air_show_disaster" title="Ramstein air show disaster">Ramstein air show disaster</a> was a mid-air collision that occurred during the Flugtag '88 air show on Sunday, 28 August  1988, killing 70 people.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="C-5_crash,_29_August_1990"><span id="C-5_crash.2C_29_August_1990"></span>C-5 crash, 29 August  1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: C-5 crash, 29 August 1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 29 August  1990, a <a href="/wiki/C-5_Galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="C-5 Galaxy">C-5 Galaxy</a> Transport plane was carrying U.S. servicemen to the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> when the thrust reverser on one of the engines of the large jet suddenly deployed, causing it to crash shortly after takeoff, killing 13 people and injuring 4 others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_scandal">Environmental scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Environmental scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, it was revealed that poisonous extinguishing foams (<a href="/wiki/Perfluorinated_compound" title="Perfluorinated compound">PFCs</a>) were used on Ramstein Air Base and other U.S. air bases in the region. These are now contaminating lakes, rivers and the ground water in the region. In one river, the contamination was 7700 times higher than the safety limit set by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These contaminations are linked to cancer and birth defects.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">List of United States Air Force installations</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates <a href="/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States">public domain material</a> from the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.afhra.af.mil/">Air Force Historical Research Agency</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-DoD-FLIP-ENAME-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoD-FLIP-ENAME_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aerodata.nga.mil/AeroDownload/?section=flip"><i>DoD Flight Information Publication (Enroute) - Supplement Europe, North Africa and Middle East</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency" title="National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency">National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency</a>. 2021. p. B-426.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DoD+Flight+Information+Publication+%28Enroute%29+-+Supplement+Europe%2C+North+Africa+and+Middle+East&rft.place=St.+Louis%2C+Missouri&rft.pages=B-426&rft.pub=National+Geospatial-Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faerodata.nga.mil%2FAeroDownload%2F%3Fsection%3Dflip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/in-depth-overview/ramstein-ab">"Ramstein AB | Base Overview & Info"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Military_OneSource" title="Military OneSource">Military OneSource</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521172817/https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/in-depth-overview/ramstein-ab">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-08</span></span>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'K-Town', as some call it, Kaiserslautern is known for being the largest American community in Europe.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+OneSource&rft.atitle=Ramstein+AB+%7C+Base+Overview+%26+Info&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstallations.militaryonesource.mil%2Fin-depth-overview%2Framstein-ab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/uni/nachtleben-in-kaiserslautern-feiern-mit-den-amerikanern-a-903124.html">"Nachtleben in Kaiserslautern: Feiern mit den Amerikanern"</a> [Nightlife in Kaiserslautern: Party with the Americans]. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i> (in German). 2013-05-18. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349">2195-1349</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521173102/https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/uni/nachtleben-in-kaiserslautern-feiern-mit-den-amerikanern-a-903124.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Nachtleben+in+Kaiserslautern%3A+Feiern+mit+den+Amerikanern&rft.date=2013-05-18&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Flebenundlernen%2Funi%2Fnachtleben-in-kaiserslautern-feiern-mit-den-amerikanern-a-903124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://militarybases.com/overseas/germany/ramstein/">"Ramstein Air Force Base in Kaiserslautern, Germany"</a>. <i>Military Bases</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Bases&rft.atitle=Ramstein+Air+Force+Base+in+Kaiserslautern%2C+Germany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmilitarybases.com%2Foverseas%2Fgermany%2Framstein%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMraz2006" class="citation news cs1">Mraz, Steve (2006-06-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/sports/u-s-soccer-team-at-ramstein-as-match-with-italy-draws-near-1.50860">"U.S. soccer team at Ramstein as match with Italy draws near"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(newspaper)" title="Stars and Stripes (newspaper)">Stars and Stripes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521181804/https://www.stripes.com/sports/u-s-soccer-team-at-ramstein-as-match-with-italy-draws-near-1.50860">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stars+and+Stripes&rft.atitle=U.S.+soccer+team+at+Ramstein+as+match+with+Italy+draws+near&rft.date=2006-06-16&rft.aulast=Mraz&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fsports%2Fu-s-soccer-team-at-ramstein-as-match-with-italy-draws-near-1.50860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1993" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, Harry R. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.defense.gov/2010/May/25/2001330286/-1/-1/0/AFD-100525-060.pdf"><i>Air Force Bases, Vol. II, Air Bases Outside the United States of America</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Reference Series. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: Center for Air Force History. pp. 144–146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-912799-53-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-912799-53-7"><bdi>978-0-912799-53-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521184616/https://media.defense.gov/2010/May/25/2001330286/-1/-1/0/AFD-100525-060.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Bases%2C+Vol.+II%2C+Air+Bases+Outside+the+United+States+of+America&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Reference+Series&rft.pages=144-146&rft.pub=Center+for+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-912799-53-7&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Harry+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FMay%2F25%2F2001330286%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100525-060.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m521-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m521_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m521_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaldukas2008" class="citation news cs1">Saldukas, Scott (2008-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/305186/wing-activation-of-the-521st-amow">"Wing activation of the 521st AMOW"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521180634/https://www.ramstein.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/305186/wing-activation-of-the-521st-amow/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Wing+activation+of+the+521st+AMOW&rft.date=2008-09-10&rft.aulast=Saldukas&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F305186%2Fwing-activation-of-the-521st-amow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/About/Biographies/Display/Article/2231634/adrienne-l-williams/">"Adrienne L. Williams"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></i>. July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521181154/https://www.ramstein.af.mil/About/Biographies/Display/Article/2231634/adrienne-l-williams/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Adrienne+L.+Williams&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FAbout%2FBiographies%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F2231634%2Fadrienne-l-williams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ussfComponent-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ussfComponent_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jennifer Svan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stripes.com/branches/space_force/2023-09-14/new-spaces-forces-unit-ramstein-11373440.html">(14 Sep 2023) Newest Space Force component to stand up at Ramstein Air Base in December</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/ramstein-base-in-germany-a-key-center-in-us-drone-war-a-1029279.html">"US Ramstein Base Key in Drone Attacks"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. 2015-04-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190627094559/https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/ramstein-base-in-germany-a-key-center-in-us-drone-war-a-1029279.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=US+Ramstein+Base+Key+in+Drone+Attacks&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Framstein-base-in-germany-a-key-center-in-us-drone-war-a-1029279.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScahill2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Scahill, Jeremy (2015-04-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2015/04/17/ramstein/">"Germany is the Tell-Tale Heart of America's Drone War"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20160130182809/https://theintercept.com/2015/04/17/ramstein/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-01-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Germany+is+the+Tell-Tale+Heart+of+America%27s+Drone+War&rft.date=2015-04-17&rft.aulast=Scahill&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2015%2F04%2F17%2Framstein%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-ramstein-airbase-heart-of-us-drone-program/a-18391007">"Germany's Ramstein airbase 'heart' of US drone program"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. 2015-04-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521202249/https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-ramstein-airbase-heart-of-us-drone-program/a-18391007">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+Ramstein+airbase+%27heart%27+of+US+drone+program&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermanys-ramstein-airbase-heart-of-us-drone-program%2Fa-18391007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830122745/https://www.daserste.de/information/reportage-dokumentation/citizenfour/citizenfour-snowden-neuer-informant100.html">"Der Drohnenkrieg der USA"</a> [The US Drone War]. <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Erste" title="Das Erste">Das Erste</a></i> (in German). 2015-11-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daserste.de/information/reportage-dokumentation/citizenfour/citizenfour-snowden-neuer-informant100.html">the original</a> on 2017-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Das+Erste&rft.atitle=Der+Drohnenkrieg+der+USA&rft.date=2015-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daserste.de%2Finformation%2Freportage-dokumentation%2Fcitizenfour%2Fcitizenfour-snowden-neuer-informant100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lernzeit.de/geheimer-krieg/">"Wie von Deutschland aus der Kampf gegen den Terror gesteuert wird"</a> [How the fight against Terror is controlled from Germany]. <i>lernzeit.de</i> (in German). 2019-02-19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521203733/https://www.lernzeit.de/geheimer-krieg/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lernzeit.de&rft.atitle=Wie+von+Deutschland+aus+der+Kampf+gegen+den+Terror+gesteuert+wird&rft.date=2019-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lernzeit.de%2Fgeheimer-krieg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/ramstein-air-base-anti-drone-protests-the-germans-taking-on-the-us-military/a-40432117">"Ramstein Air Base anti-drone protests: The Germans taking on the US military"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521204114/https://www.dw.com/en/ramstein-air-base-anti-drone-protests-the-germans-taking-on-the-us-military/a-40432117">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Ramstein+Air+Base+anti-drone+protests%3A+The+Germans+taking+on+the+US+military&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Framstein-air-base-anti-drone-protests-the-germans-taking-on-the-us-military%2Fa-40432117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/court-hears-case-on-germanys-role-in-us-drone-deaths-in-yemen/a-47921862">"Court hears case on Germany's role in US drone deaths in Yemen"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20190319182548/https://www.dw.com/en/court-hears-case-on-germanys-role-in-us-drone-deaths-in-yemen/a-47921862">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Court+hears+case+on+Germany%27s+role+in+US+drone+deaths+in+Yemen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fcourt-hears-case-on-germanys-role-in-us-drone-deaths-in-yemen%2Fa-47921862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-powerless-to-challenge-us-drone-operations-at-ramstein-air-base/a-17545327">"Berlin powerless to challenge US drone operations at Ramstein air base"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521204907/https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-powerless-to-challenge-us-drone-operations-at-ramstein-air-base/a-17545327">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Berlin+powerless+to+challenge+US+drone+operations+at+Ramstein+air+base&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fberlin-powerless-to-challenge-us-drone-operations-at-ramstein-air-base%2Fa-17545327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeißenborn2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weißenborn, Michael (2017-09-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.us-waffenlieferungen-ueber-ramstein-sag-nichts-frag-nicht.c0c31562-b599-46f3-b809-200defc6077c.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Sag nichts, frag nicht"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> ["Don't ask, don't tell"]. <i><a href="/wiki/Stuttgarter_Nachrichten" title="Stuttgarter Nachrichten">Stuttgarter Nachrichten</a></i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20180619172016/https://www.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de/inhalt.us-waffenlieferungen-ueber-ramstein-sag-nichts-frag-nicht.c0c31562-b599-46f3-b809-200defc6077c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stuttgarter+Nachrichten&rft.atitle=%22Sag+nichts%2C+frag+nicht%22&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9Fenborn&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stuttgarter-nachrichten.de%2Finhalt.us-waffenlieferungen-ueber-ramstein-sag-nichts-frag-nicht.c0c31562-b599-46f3-b809-200defc6077c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObermaierKrüger2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Obermaier, Frederik; Krüger, Paul-Anton (2017-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/us-waffenlieferungen-heikle-fracht-aus-ramstein-1.3663289">"Heikle Fracht aus Ramstein"</a> [Tricky Freight from Ramstein]. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0174-4917">0174-4917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170913193045/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/us-waffenlieferungen-heikle-fracht-aus-ramstein-1.3663289">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Heikle+Fracht+aus+Ramstein&rft.date=2017-09-12&rft.issn=0174-4917&rft.aulast=Obermaier&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rft.au=Kr%C3%BCger%2C+Paul-Anton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fus-waffenlieferungen-heikle-fracht-aus-ramstein-1.3663289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rheinpfalz.de/politik/rheinland-pfalz_artikel,-waffenlieferung-keine-ermittlungen-gegen-us-regierung-_arid,1094079.html">"Waffenlieferung: Keine Ermittlungen gegen US-Regierung - Rheinland-Pfalz"</a>. <i>www.rheinpfalz.de</i> (in German). 2018-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rheinpfalz.de&rft.atitle=Waffenlieferung%3A+Keine+Ermittlungen+gegen+US-Regierung+-+Rheinland-Pfalz&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rheinpfalz.de%2Fpolitik%2Frheinland-pfalz_artikel%2C-waffenlieferung-keine-ermittlungen-gegen-us-regierung-_arid%2C1094079.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObermaierKrüger2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Obermaier, Frederik; Krüger, Paul-Anton (2017-09-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/us-waffenlieferungen-millionen-schuss-munition-fuer-kalaschnikows-1.3673430">"Millionen Schuss Munition für Kalaschnikows"</a> [Million rounds of ammunition for Kalashnikovs]. <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0174-4917">0174-4917</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521211727/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/us-waffenlieferungen-millionen-schuss-munition-fuer-kalaschnikows-1.3673430">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Millionen+Schuss+Munition+f%C3%BCr+Kalaschnikows&rft.date=2017-09-20&rft.issn=0174-4917&rft.aulast=Obermaier&rft.aufirst=Frederik&rft.au=Kr%C3%BCger%2C+Paul-Anton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Fus-waffenlieferungen-millionen-schuss-munition-fuer-kalaschnikows-1.3673430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://germanlawarchive.iuscomp.org/?p=741">"War Weapons Control Act (Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz, KrWaffKontrG)"</a>. <i>German Law Archive</i>. 2014-03-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521212225/https://germanlawarchive.iuscomp.org/?p=741">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Law+Archive&rft.atitle=War+Weapons+Control+Act+%28Kriegswaffenkontrollgesetz%2C+KrWaffKontrG%29&rft.date=2014-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgermanlawarchive.iuscomp.org%2F%3Fp%3D741&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dw.com/de/usa-sollen-syrische-rebellen-%C3%BCber-ramstein-mit-waffen-versorgt-haben/a-40492184">"USA sollen syrische Rebellen über Ramstein mit Waffen versorgt haben"</a> [The US is said to have supplied weapons to Syrian rebels via Ramstein]. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i> (in German). 2017-09-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521212521/https://www.dw.com/de/usa-sollen-syrische-rebellen-%C3%BCber-ramstein-mit-waffen-versorgt-haben/a-40492184">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=USA+sollen+syrische+Rebellen+%C3%BCber+Ramstein+mit+Waffen+versorgt+haben&rft.date=2017-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fde%2Fusa-sollen-syrische-rebellen-%25C3%25BCber-ramstein-mit-waffen-versorgt-haben%2Fa-40492184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D0FpVoBzSGY"><i>Life of Afghan Refugees in Germany (US Military Ramstein Air Base)</i></a>. Armed Forces Zone. 2021-09-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/D0FpVoBzSGY">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-25</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+of+Afghan+Refugees+in+Germany+%28US+Military+Ramstein+Air+Base%29&rft.pub=Armed+Forces+Zone&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DD0FpVoBzSGY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210926025849/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycklnx3UyEs"><i>See inside US air base preparing Afghans for new life in America</i></a>. CNN. 2021-08-21. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycklnx3UyEs">the original</a> on 2021-09-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-25</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=See+inside+US+air+base+preparing+Afghans+for+new+life+in+America&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2021-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dycklnx3UyEs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСвобода2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Свобода, Радіо (2022-04-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/31825144.html">"Nimetsʹkyy parlament pidtrymav postachannya vazhkoho ozbroyennya Ukrayini" <bdi lang="uk">Німецький парламент підтримав постачання важкого озброєння Україні</bdi></a> [The German parliament has supported the supply of heavy weapons to Ukraine]. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty" title="Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty">Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</a></i> (in Ukrainian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521213634/https://www.radiosvoboda.org/a/31825144.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Nimets%CA%B9kyy+parlament+pidtrymav+postachannya+vazhkoho+ozbroyennya+Ukrayini+%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%96&rft.date=2022-04-28&rft.aulast=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiosvoboda.org%2Fa%2F31825144.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glavcom.ua/country/politics/40-krajin-proti-putina-pidsumki-zustrichi-na-aviabazi-u-ramshtayni-841361.html">"40 krayin proty Putina. Pidsumky zustrichi na aviabazi u Ramshtayni" <bdi lang="uk">40 країн проти Путіна. Підсумки зустрічі на авіабазі у Рамштайні</bdi></a> [40 countries against Putin. Results of the meeting at the air base in Ramstein]. <i>Главком</i> (in Ukrainian). 2022-04-27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521214154/https://glavcom.ua/country/politics/40-krajin-proti-putina-pidsumki-zustrichi-na-aviabazi-u-ramshtayni-841361.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.atitle=40+krayin+proty+Putina.+Pidsumky+zustrichi+na+aviabazi+u+Ramshtayni+40+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0.+%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D1%96+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96+%D1%83+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%96&rft.date=2022-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglavcom.ua%2Fcountry%2Fpolitics%2F40-krajin-proti-putina-pidsumki-zustrichi-na-aviabazi-u-ramshtayni-841361.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/About/Biographies/Display/Article/2302964/otis-c-jones/">"Otis C. Jones"</a>. <i>www.ramstein.af.mil</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ramstein.af.mil&rft.atitle=Otis+C.+Jones&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FAbout%2FBiographies%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F2302964%2Fotis-c-jones%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/About/Biographies/Display/Article/2688295/bryan-t-callahan/">"Bryan T. Callahan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></i>. July 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521170050/https://www.ramstein.af.mil/About/Biographies/Display/Article/2688295/bryan-t-callahan/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Bryan+T.+Callahan&rft.date=2021-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FAbout%2FBiographies%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F2688295%2Fbryan-t-callahan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlummer2015" class="citation web cs1">Plummer, Lane T. (2015-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/727012/cap-turns-teens-into-cadets-through-summer-training-camp/">"CAP turns teens into cadets through summer training camp"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521182056/https://www.ramstein.af.mil/News/Features/Display/Article/727012/cap-turns-teens-into-cadets-through-summer-training-camp/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=CAP+turns+teens+into+cadets+through+summer+training+camp&rft.date=2015-07-20&rft.aulast=Plummer&rft.aufirst=Lane+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FNews%2FFeatures%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F727012%2Fcap-turns-teens-into-cadets-through-summer-training-camp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayhugh2016" class="citation web cs1">Mayhugh, Tryphena (2016-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramstein.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/811330/civil-air-patrol-cadets-tour-ramstein/">"Civil Air Patrol cadets tour Ramstein"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220521182523/https://www.ramstein.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/811330/civil-air-patrol-cadets-tour-ramstein/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Air+Patrol+cadets+tour+Ramstein&rft.date=2016-06-24&rft.aulast=Mayhugh&rft.aufirst=Tryphena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F811330%2Fcivil-air-patrol-cadets-tour-ramstein%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/Units/">"Units"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522010620/https://www.ramstein.af.mil/Units/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Units&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramstein.af.mil%2FUnits%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.21tsc.army.mil/Resources/Ramstein-Gateway-Reception-Center/">"Ramstein Gateway Reception Center"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522011102/https://www.21tsc.army.mil/Resources/Ramstein-Gateway-Reception-Center/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Army&rft.atitle=Ramstein+Gateway+Reception+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.21tsc.army.mil%2FResources%2FRamstein-Gateway-Reception-Center%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ac.nato.int/about/headquarters">"Headquarters"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Allied_Air_Command" title="Allied Air Command">Allied Air Command</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522012216/https://ac.nato.int/about/headquarters">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allied+Air+Command&rft.atitle=Headquarters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fac.nato.int%2Fabout%2Fheadquarters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.16af.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1963035/480th-isr-wing/">"480th ISR Wing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></i>. April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522013205/https://www.16af.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1963035/480th-isr-wing/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-12-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=480th+ISR+Wing&rft.date=2021-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.16af.af.mil%2FAbout-Us%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F1963035%2F480th-isr-wing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(comics)" title="John Byrne (comics)">Byrne, John</a> (<a href="/wiki/Script_(comics)" title="Script (comics)">w</a>), Byrne, John (<a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">p</a>), <a href="/wiki/John_Beatty_(illustrator)" title="John Beatty (illustrator)">Beatty, John</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">i</a>). "The Power That Failed!" <i><a href="/wiki/Superman_vol._2" title="Superman vol. 2">Superman</a></i>, vol. 2, no. 19, p. 2/6 (July 1988). <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081017181704/http://endwargame.us.ubi.com/locations.php">"Locations"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ubisoft" title="Ubisoft">Ubisoft</a></i>. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://endwargame.us.ubi.com/locations.php">the original</a> on 2008-10-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ubisoft&rft.atitle=Locations&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fendwargame.us.ubi.com%2Flocations.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115025903/http://herzeleid.com/en/faq/band">"Frequently Asked Questions: Band"</a>. <i>Herzeleid</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herzeleid.com/en/faq/band#faq3">the original</a> on 2021-11-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Herzeleid&rft.atitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+Band&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherzeleid.com%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Fband%23faq3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtiz" class="citation web cs1">Ortiz, Elizabeth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150418044130/http://ww2.dcmilitary.com/dcmilitary_archives/stories/090701/10225-1.shtml">"20th anniversary of USAFE headquarters bombing observed"</a>. <i>dcmilitary.com</i>. Comprint Military Publications. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2.dcmilitary.com/dcmilitary_archives/stories/090701/10225-1.shtml">the original</a> on 2015-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dcmilitary.com&rft.atitle=20th+anniversary+of+USAFE+headquarters+bombing+observed&rft.aulast=Ortiz&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2.dcmilitary.com%2Fdcmilitary_archives%2Fstories%2F090701%2F10225-1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080318202437/http://www.sos.se/SOS/PUBL/REFERENG/9003031E.htm">"The accident at the Ramstein base air show August 28, 1988"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Health_and_Welfare_(Sweden)" title="National Board of Health and Welfare (Sweden)">National Board of Health and Welfare (Sweden)</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sos.se/SOS/PUBL/REFERENG/9003031E.htm">the original</a> on 2008-03-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Board+of+Health+and+Welfare+%28Sweden%29&rft.atitle=The+accident+at+the+Ramstein+base+air+show+August+28%2C+1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sos.se%2FSOS%2FPUBL%2FREFERENG%2F9003031E.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammermann2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hammermann, Katharina (2014-11-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.volksfreund.de/region/rheinland-pfalz/gefaehrliches-erbe-des-us-militaers-rings-um-rheinland-pfaelzische-luftwaffenstuetzpunkte-sind-gewaesser-mit-krebserregenden-stoffen-verunreinigt_aid-5045653">"Gefährliches Erbe des US-Militärs: Rings um rheinland-pfälzische Luftwaffenstützpunkte sind Gewässer mit krebserregenden Stoffen verunreinigt"</a> [Dangerous legacy of the US military: waters around Rhineland-Palatinate air force bases are contaminated with carcinogenic substances]. <i>Trierischer Volksfreund</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200103112510/https://www.volksfreund.de/region/rheinland-pfalz/gefaehrliches-erbe-des-us-militaers-rings-um-rheinland-pfaelzische-luftwaffenstuetzpunkte-sind-gewaesser-mit-krebserregenden-stoffen-verunreinigt_aid-5045653">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trierischer+Volksfreund&rft.atitle=Gef%C3%A4hrliches+Erbe+des+US-Milit%C3%A4rs%3A+Rings+um+rheinland-pf%C3%A4lzische+Luftwaffenst%C3%BCtzpunkte+sind+Gew%C3%A4sser+mit+krebserregenden+Stoffen+verunreinigt&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft.aulast=Hammermann&rft.aufirst=Katharina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.volksfreund.de%2Fregion%2Frheinland-pfalz%2Fgefaehrliches-erbe-des-us-militaers-rings-um-rheinland-pfaelzische-luftwaffenstuetzpunkte-sind-gewaesser-mit-krebserregenden-stoffen-verunreinigt_aid-5045653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopp2018" class="citation web cs1">Copp, Tara (2018-04-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/04/26/dod-126-bases-report-water-contaminants-harmful-to-infant-development-tied-to-cancers/">"DoD: At least 126 bases report water contaminants linked to cancer, birth defects"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Military_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Military Times">Military Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20210904093827/https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2018/04/26/dod-126-bases-report-water-contaminants-harmful-to-infant-development-tied-to-cancers/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Military+Times&rft.atitle=DoD%3A+At+least+126+bases+report+water+contaminants+linked+to+cancer%2C+birth+defects&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft.aulast=Copp&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.militarytimes.com%2Fnews%2Fyour-military%2F2018%2F04%2F26%2Fdod-126-bases-report-water-contaminants-harmful-to-infant-development-tied-to-cancers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaugher" class="citation web cs1">Baugher, Joseph F. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/usafserials.html">"USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF Aircraft Serial Numbers—1908 to present"</a>. <i>JoeBaugher.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522031710/http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_serials/usafserials.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JoeBaugher.com&rft.atitle=USAAS-USAAC-USAAF-USAF+Aircraft+Serial+Numbers%E2%80%941908+to+present&rft.aulast=Baugher&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joebaugher.com%2Fusaf_serials%2Fusafserials.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndicott1995" class="citation web cs1">Endicott, Judy G., ed. (1995-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/72602265">"Active Air Force wings as of 1 October 1995; USAF active flying, space, and missile squadrons as of 1 October 1995"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Air_Force_Base" title="Maxwell Air Force Base">Maxwell Air Force Base</a>: Air Force Historical Research Agency (published 1998)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Active+Air+Force+wings+as+of+1+October+1995%3B+USAF+active+flying%2C+space%2C+and+missile+squadrons+as+of+1+October+1995&rft.place=Maxwell+Air+Force+Base&rft.pub=Air+Force+Historical+Research+Agency&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F72602265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaurer1961" class="citation book cs1">Maurer, Maurer, ed. (June 1961). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/airforcecombatun0000unit"><i>Air Force Combat Units Of World War II</i></a></span>. Zenger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89201-092-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89201-092-9"><bdi>978-0-89201-092-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/80005904">80005904</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11296466M">11296466M</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Combat+Units+Of+World+War+II&rft.pub=Zenger&rft.date=1961-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11296466M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F80005904&rft.isbn=978-0-89201-092-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fairforcecombatun0000unit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMueller1989" class="citation book cs1">Mueller, Robert. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330255/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-026.pdf"><i>Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Reference Series. <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>: Center for Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-53-6"><bdi>0-912799-53-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220522035120/https://media.defense.gov/2010/Sep/21/2001330255/-1/-1/0/AFD-100921-026.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-05-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Bases%2C+Vol.+I%2C+Active+Air+Force+Bases+Within+the+United+States+of+America+on+17+September+1982&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.series=Reference+Series&rft.pub=Center+for+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-912799-53-6&rft.aulast=Mueller&rft.aufirst=Robert.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.defense.gov%2F2010%2FSep%2F21%2F2001330255%2F-1%2F-1%2F0%2FAFD-100921-026.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavenstein1984" class="citation book cs1">Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AirForceCombatWings1947-1977"><i>Air Force Combat Wings: Lineage and Honors Histories, 1947–1977</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Air_Force_Base" title="Maxwell Air Force Base">Maxwell Air Force Base</a>: Office of Air Force History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-912799-12-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-912799-12-9"><bdi>0-912799-12-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Air+Force+Combat+Wings%3A+Lineage+and+Honors+Histories%2C+1947%E2%80%931977&rft.place=Maxwell+Air+Force+Base&rft.pub=Office+of+Air+Force+History&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-912799-12-9&rft.aulast=Ravenstein&rft.aufirst=Charles+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAirForceCombatWings1947-1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRed_Army_Faction1981" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_Faction" title="Red Army Faction">Red Army Faction</a> (1981-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://germanguerilla.com/1981/08/31/attack-against-usafe-ramstein/">"Attack Against USAFE Ramstein"</a>. <i>German Guerilla</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150418050737/http://germanguerilla.com/1981/08/31/attack-against-usafe-ramstein/">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-04-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+Guerilla&rft.atitle=Attack+Against+USAFE+Ramstein&rft.date=1981-08-31&rft.au=Red+Army+Faction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgermanguerilla.com%2F1981%2F08%2F31%2Fattack-against-usafe-ramstein%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2006" class="citation book cs1">Rogers, Brian (2006-03-18). <i>United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hinckley" title="Hinckley">Hinckley</a>: Midland Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-197-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85780-197-2"><bdi>978-1-85780-197-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Air+Force+Unit+Designations+Since+1978&rft.place=Hinckley&rft.pub=Midland+Publications&rft.date=2006-03-18&rft.isbn=978-1-85780-197-2&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARamstein+Air+Base" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ramstein_Air_Base" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ramstein Air Base">Ramstein Air Base</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramstein.af.mil/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161348#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Air_Force" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Air_Force" title="Template talk:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Air_Force" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Air Force"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Air_Force" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Secretary of the Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Under_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Under Secretary of the Air Force">Under Secretary of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Staff_(United_States)" title="Air Staff (United States)">Air Staff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_Chief_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force">Vice Chief of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Staff_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Director of Staff of the United States Air Force">Director of Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Master_Sergeant_of_the_Air_Force" title="Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force">Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_four-star_generals" title="List of United States Air Force four-star generals">Four-star generals</a></li> <li>Three-star generals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lieutenant_generals_in_the_United_States_Air_Force_before_1960" title="List of lieutenant generals in the United States Air Force before 1960">1940–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2000_to_2009" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2000 to 2009">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_from_2010_to_2019" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals from 2010 to 2019">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_lieutenant_generals_since_2020" title="List of United States Air Force lieutenant generals since 2020">2020–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">House Armed Services Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Tactical_Air_and_Land_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces">House Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">House Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Airland" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Airland">Senate Subcommittee on Airland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Armed_Services_Subcommittee_on_Strategic_Forces" title="United States Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces">Senate Armed Services Subcommittee on Strategic Forces</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/80px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/120px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg/160px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Air_Force.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Structure_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Structure of the United States Air Force">Structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_National_Guard" title="Air National Guard">Air National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Field_Operating_Agencies" title="List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies">Field Operating Agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_installations" title="List of United States Air Force installations">Installations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Direct Reporting Units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_District_of_Washington" title="Air Force District of Washington">District of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Operational_Test_and_Evaluation_Center" title="Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center">Operational Test and Evaluation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">USAF Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_major_commands_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of major commands of the United States Air Force">Major commands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Combat_Command" title="Air Combat Command">ACC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Education_and_Training_Command" title="Air Education and Training Command">AETC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Global_Strike_Command" title="Air Force Global Strike Command">AFGSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Materiel_Command" title="Air Force Materiel Command">AFMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Command" title="Air Force Reserve Command">AFRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Special_Operations_Command" title="Air Force Special Operations Command">AFSOC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Mobility_Command" title="Air Mobility Command">AMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Air_Forces" title="Pacific Air Forces">PACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">USAFE–AFAFRICA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Air_Force" title="Numbered Air Force">Numbered Air Forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Air_Force" title="First Air Force">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Air_Force" title="Second Air Force">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Air_Force" title="Fourth Air Force">Fourth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Air_Force" title="Fifth Air Force">Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Air_Force" title="Seventh Air Force">Seventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">Eighth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Air_Force" title="Ninth Air Force">Ninth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Air_Force" title="Tenth Air Force">Tenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Air_Force" title="Eleventh Air Force">Eleventh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Air_Force" title="Twelfth Air Force">Twelfth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Thirteenth Expeditionary Air Force">Thirteenth Expeditionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">Fifteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Air_Force" title="Eighteenth Air Force">Eighteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Air_Force" title="Nineteenth Air Force">Nineteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Air_Force" title="Twentieth Air Force">Twentieth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Second_Air_Force" title="Twenty-Second Air Force">Twenty-Second</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of wings of the United States Air Force">Wings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Groups" title="List of United States Air Force Groups">Groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_groups_and_wings_of_the_United_States_Air_National_Guard" title="List of groups and wings of the United States Air National Guard">ANG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force squadrons">Squadrons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_National_Guard_Squadrons" title="List of United States Air National Guard Squadrons">ANG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces_squadrons" title="List of United States Air Force Security Forces squadrons">Security Forces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_components_of_the_United_States_Armed_Forces#Civilian_auxiliaries_distinguished" title="Reserve components of the United States Armed Forces">Civilian auxiliary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Civil_Air_Patrol" title="Civil Air Patrol">Civil Air Patrol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel and<br /> training</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Air_Force_personnel" title="List of United States Air Force personnel">Personnel</a></li> <li>Rank <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_officer_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force officer rank insignia">officers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy_Cadet_Insignia" title="United States Air Force Academy Cadet Insignia">cadets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_enlisted_rank_insignia" title="United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia">enlisted</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Specialty_Code" title="Air Force Specialty Code">Specialty Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force_aeronautical_rating" title="U.S. Air Force aeronautical rating">Aeronautical ratings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Judge_Advocate_General%27s_Corps" title="United States Air Force Judge Advocate General's Corps">Judge Advocate General's Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Engineer_Deployable_Heavy_Operational_Repair_Squadron_Engineers" title="Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron Engineers">RED HORSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Security_Forces" title="United States Air Force Security Forces">Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Medical_Service" title="United States Air Force Medical Service">Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Chaplains_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief of Chaplains of the United States Air Force">Chief of Chaplains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Scientist_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force">Chief Scientist</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Training: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy" title="United States Air Force Academy">Air Force Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Officer_Training_School" title="Air Force Officer Training School">Officer Training School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" title="Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Basic_Military_Training" title="United States Air Force Basic Military Training">Basic Training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman_Leadership_School" title="Airman Leadership School">Airman Leadership School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival,_Evasion,_Resistance_and_Escape" title="Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape">SERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Fitness_Assessment" title="United States Air Force Fitness Assessment">Fitness Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uniforms and<br /> equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="Awards and decorations of the United States Department of the Air Force">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badges_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Badges of the United States Air Force">Badges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_equipment_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="List of equipment of the United States Air Force">Equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Aircraft_inventory" title="United States Air Force">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniforms_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Uniforms of the United States Air Force">Uniforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">History and<br /> traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="History of the United States Air Force">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeronautical_Division,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aeronautical Division, U.S. Signal Corps">Aeronautical Division</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aviation_Section,_U.S._Signal_Corps" title="Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps">Aviation Section</a> / <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Military_Aeronautics" title="Division of Military Aeronautics">Division of Military Aeronautics</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Service" title="United States Army Air Service">Army Air Service</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps">Army Air Corps</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">Army Air Forces</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_U.S._Air_Force_(song)" title="The U.S. Air Force (song)">The U.S. Air Force</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">Air Force Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airman%27s_Creed" title="Airman's Creed">Airman's Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Core_missions" title="United States Air Force">Core Values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="Flag of the United States Air Force">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Symbol" title="United States Air Force Symbol">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Memorial" title="United States Air Force Memorial">Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_Airforce_Service_Pilots" title="Women Airforce Service Pilots">Women Airforce Service Pilots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_One" title="Air Force One">Air Force One</a> / <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Two" title="Air Force Two">Air Force Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Honor_Guard" title="United States Air Force Honor Guard">Honor Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Thunderbirds" title="United States Air Force Thunderbirds">Thunderbirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States_Air_Force)" title="Service number (United States Air Force)">Service numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space_Forces_Association" title="Air & Space Forces Association">Air & Space Forces Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_Air_Force" title="Category:United States Air Force">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_23px_United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_–_Air_Forces_Africa_(USAFE-AFAFRICA)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_-_Air_Forces_Africa" title="Template:United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_-_Air_Forces_Africa" title="Template talk:United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_-_Air_Forces_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Air Forces in Europe - Air Forces Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_23px_United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_–_Air_Forces_Africa_(USAFE-AFAFRICA)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/23px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/35px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/46px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/23px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/35px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/46px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa</a> (USAFE-AFAFRICA)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Air Forces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third (Europe)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/80px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/120px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/160px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/80px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/120px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/160px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviano_Air_Base" title="Aviano Air Base">Aviano Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incirlik_Air_Base" title="Incirlik Air Base">Incirlik Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Lakenheath" title="RAF Lakenheath">RAF Lakenheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Mildenhall" title="RAF Mildenhall">RAF Mildenhall</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramstein Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangdahlem_Air_Base" title="Spangdahlem Air Base">Spangdahlem Air Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Support facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84mari_Air_Base" title="Ämari Air Base">Ämari Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCchel_Air_Base" title="Büchel Air Base">Büchel Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Lemonnier" title="Camp Lemonnier">Camp Lemonnier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoAF_71st_Air_Base" title="RoAF 71st Air Base">Câmpia Turzii Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chabelley_Airport" title="Chabelley Airport">Chabelley Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C3%A8vres_Air_Base" title="Chièvres Air Base">Chièvres Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghedi_Air_Base" title="Ghedi Air Base">Ghedi Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmir_Air_Station" title="Izmir Air Station">Izmir Air Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleine_Brogel_Air_Base" title="Kleine Brogel Air Base">Kleine Brogel Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajes_Field" title="Lajes Field">Lajes Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ask_Air_Base" title="Łask Air Base">Łask Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mor%C3%B3n_Air_Base" title="Morón Air Base">Morón Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Akrotiri" title="RAF Akrotiri">RAF Akrotiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Alconbury" title="RAF Alconbury">RAF Alconbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Fairford" title="RAF Fairford">RAF Fairford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Menwith_Hill" title="RAF Menwith Hill">RAF Menwith Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Molesworth" title="RAF Molesworth">RAF Molesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAF_Welford" title="RAF Welford">RAF Welford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Airport" title="Stuttgart Airport">Stuttgart Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkel_Air_Base" title="Volkel Air Base">Volkel Air Base</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/31st_Fighter_Wing" title="31st Fighter Wing">31st Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_Air_Base_Wing" title="39th Air Base Wing">39th Air Base Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Fighter_Wing" title="48th Fighter Wing">48th Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Fighter_Wing" title="52nd Fighter Wing">52nd Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/100th_Air_Refueling_Wing" title="100th Air Refueling Wing">100th Air Refueling Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/406th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="406th Air Expeditionary Wing">406th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" title="435th Air Ground Operations Wing">435th Air Ground Operations Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/501st_Combat_Support_Wing" title="501st Combat Support Wing">501st Combat Support Wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="28px_United_States_Air_Force_in_Germany_28px" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_Bases_in_Germany" title="Template:USAF Bases in Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_Bases_in_Germany" title="Template talk:USAF Bases in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_Bases_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF Bases in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="28px_United_States_Air_Force_in_Germany_28px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg/28px-Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg/42px-Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg/56px-Roundel_of_the_USAF.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> United States Air Force in Germany <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/28px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/56px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapaun_Air_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapaun Air Station">Kapaun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spangdahlem_Air_Base" title="Spangdahlem Air Base">Spangdahlem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Europaviertel_(Wiesbaden)" title="Europaviertel (Wiesbaden)">Lindsey</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bitburg_Airport" title="Bitburg Airport">Bitburg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erding_Air_Base" title="Erding Air Base">Erding</a> </i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCrstenfeldbruck_Air_Base" title="Fürstenfeldbruck Air Base">Fürstenfeldbruck</a> </i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufbeuren_Air_Base" title="Kaufbeuren Air Base">Kaufbeuren</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hahn_Air_Base" title="Hahn Air Base">Hahn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsberg-Lech_Air_Base" title="Landsberg-Lech Air Base">Landsberg</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neubiberg_Air_Base" title="Neubiberg Air Base">Neubiberg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhein-Main_Air_Base" title="Rhein-Main Air Base">Rhein-Main</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tempelhof_Central_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempelhof Central Airport">Tempelhof Central Airport</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay_Kaserne" title="Lucius D. Clay Kaserne">Wiesbaden</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken_Air_Base" title="Zweibrücken Air Base">Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa (USAFE-AFAFRICA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Air_Force" title="Third Air Force">Third Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Fighter_Wing" title="52nd Fighter Wing">52nd Fighter Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Airlift_Wing" title="86th Airlift Wing">86th Airlift Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Expeditionary_Wing" title="435th Air Expeditionary Wing">HQ 435th Air Expeditionary Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing" title="435th Air Ground Operations Wing">435th Air Ground Operations Wing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/521st_Air_Mobility_Operations_Wing" title="521st Air Mobility Operations Wing">521st Air Mobility Operations Wing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Operations_Center#Active_Air_Operations_Centers" title="Air Operations Center">603rd Air and Space Operations Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/693rd_Intelligence,_Surveillance_and_Reconnaissance_Group" title="693rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group">693rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Group</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_Air_Command_Europe" title="Headquarters Air Command Europe">HQ Air Command Europe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Air_Force" title="Sixteenth Air Force">Sixteenth Air Force</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Expeditionary_Air_Force" title="Seventeenth Expeditionary Air Force">Seventeenth Expeditionary Air Force</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>Part of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa</a> (USAFE-AFAFRICA) <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/20px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/30px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg/40px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/20px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/30px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg/40px-United_States_Air_Forces_in_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="336" /></a></span><br />Non-<a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe_%E2%80%93_Air_Forces_Africa" title="United States Air Forces in Europe – Air Forces Africa">USAFE-AFRICA</a> bases and organizations shown in <i>italics</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="17px_United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Template:United States Army Europe and Africa"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Template talk:United States Army Europe and Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Army Europe and Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="17px_United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/17px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/26px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/34px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="538" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_and_Africa" title="United States Army Europe and Africa">United States Army Europe and Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Corps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V_Corps_(United_States)" title="V Corps (United States)">V Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USAREUR_Insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/80px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/120px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/USAREUR_Insignia.svg/160px-USAREUR_Insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grafenwoehr_Training_Area" title="Grafenwoehr Training Area">Grafenwöhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiserslautern_Military_Community" title="Kaiserslautern Military Community">Kaiserslautern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko" title="Camp Kościuszko">Poznań</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ramstein Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sembach_Kaserne" title="Sembach Kaserne">Sembach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caserma_Ederle" title="Caserma Ederle">Vicenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_D._Clay_Kaserne" title="Lucius D. Clay Kaserne">Wiesbaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Supporting bases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansbach" title="Ansbach">Ansbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzer_Kaserne" title="Panzer Kaserne">Böblingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi%C3%A8vres_Air_Base" title="Chièvres Air Base">Chièvres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darby_Military_Community" title="Darby Military Community">Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RoAF_57th_Air_Base" title="RoAF 57th Air Base">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelley_Barracks" title="Kelley Barracks">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Garrison_Bavaria#Rose_Barracks_-_Vilseck" title="U.S. Army Garrison Bavaria">Vilseck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohenfels,_Bavaria#Military" title="Hohenfels, Bavaria">Hohenfels</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Major units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_European_Task_Force,_Africa" title="Southern European Task Force, Africa">Southern European Task Force, Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Army_Training_Command" title="7th Army Training Command">7th Army Training Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Army_Air_and_Missile_Defense_Command" title="10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command">10th Army Air and Missile Defense Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_Theater_Sustainment_Command" title="21st Theater Sustainment Command">21st Theater Sustainment Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/56th_Artillery_Command" title="56th Artillery Command">56th Artillery Command</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Europe_Band_and_Chorus" title="United States Army Europe Band and Chorus">United States Army Europe Band and Chorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers,_Europe_District" title="U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Europe District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_Army_NATO_Brigade" title="US Army NATO Brigade">US Army NATO Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Theater_Signal_Brigade_(United_States)" title="2nd Theater Signal Brigade (United States)">2nd Theater Signal Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Military_Intelligence_Brigade_(United_States)" title="66th Military Intelligence Brigade (United States)">66th Military Intelligence Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Airports_in_Germany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Airports_in_Germany" title="Template:Airports in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Airports_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Airports in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Airports_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Airports in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Airports_in_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Germany" title="List of airports in Germany">Airports</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport" title="Berlin Brandenburg Airport">Berlin–Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Bonn_Airport" title="Cologne Bonn Airport">Cologne/Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Airport" title="Düsseldorf Airport">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport" title="Frankfurt Airport">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Airport" title="Hamburg Airport">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_Airport" title="Munich Airport">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Airport" title="Stuttgart Airport">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_Airport" title="Bremen Airport">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund_Airport" title="Dortmund Airport">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Airport" title="Dresden Airport">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt%E2%80%93Weimar_Airport" title="Erfurt–Weimar Airport">Erfurt/Weimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_Airport" title="Friedrichshafen Airport">Friedrichshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt%E2%80%93Hahn_Airport" title="Frankfurt–Hahn Airport">Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannover_Airport" title="Hannover Airport">Hannover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heringsdorf_Airport" title="Heringsdorf Airport">Heringsdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden_Airport" title="Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden Airport">Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_Airport" title="Kassel Airport">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig/Halle_Airport" title="Leipzig/Halle Airport">Leipzig/Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_Airport" title="Lübeck Airport">Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim_City_Airport" title="Mannheim City Airport">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memmingen_Airport" title="Memmingen Airport">Memmingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster_Osnabr%C3%BCck_Airport" title="Münster Osnabrück Airport">Münster/Osnabrück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Airport" title="Nuremberg Airport">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paderborn_Lippstadt_Airport" title="Paderborn Lippstadt Airport">Paderborn/Lippstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock%E2%80%93Laage_Airport" title="Rostock–Laage Airport">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken_Airport" title="Saarbrücken Airport">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylt_Airport" title="Sylt Airport">Sylt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weeze_Airport" title="Weeze Airport">Weeze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Domestic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltrum#Transport" title="Baltrum">Baltrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borkum_Airfield" title="Borkum Airfield">Borkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emden_Airport" title="Emden Airport">Emden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harle_Airfield" title="Harle Airfield">Harle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heide%E2%80%93B%C3%BCsum_Airport" title="Heide–Büsum Airport">Heide–Büsum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heligoland_Airfield" title="Heligoland Airfield">Heligoland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juist_Airfield" title="Juist Airfield">Juist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langeoog#Transportation" title="Langeoog">Langeoog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norden-Norddeich_Airfield" title="Norden-Norddeich Airfield">Norden-Norddeich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norderney_Airport" title="Norderney Airport">Norderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordholz_Naval_Airbase#Nordholz-Spieka_recreational_airfield" title="Nordholz Naval Airbase">Nordholz-Spieka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wangerooge_Airfield" title="Wangerooge Airfield">Wangerooge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unscheduled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aachen_Merzbr%C3%BCck_Airfield" title="Aachen Merzbrück Airfield">Aachen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Airport" title="Augsburg Airport">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Airport" title="Bayreuth Airport">Bayreuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitburg_Airport" title="Bitburg Airport">Bitburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig_Wolfsburg_Airport" title="Braunschweig Wolfsburg Airport">Braunschweig/Wolfsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea-Airport_Cuxhaven/Nordholz" title="Sea-Airport Cuxhaven/Nordholz">Cuxhaven/Nordholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen/M%C3%BClheim_Airport" title="Essen/Mülheim Airport">Essen/Mülheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Egelsbach_Airport" title="Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport">Frankfurt-Egelsbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_Finkenwerder_Airport" title="Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport">Hamburg–Finkenwerder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof%E2%80%93Plauen_Airport" title="Hof–Plauen Airport">Hof–Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt_Manching_Airport" title="Ingolstadt Manching Airport">Ingolstadt/Manching Air Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel_Airport" title="Kiel Airport">Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flughafen_Lahr" class="mw-redirect" title="Flughafen Lahr">Lahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leipzig%E2%80%93Altenburg_Airport" title="Leipzig–Altenburg Airport">Leipzig–Altenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg%E2%80%93Cochstedt_Airport" title="Magdeburg–Cochstedt Airport">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchengladbach_Airport" title="Mönchengladbach Airport">Mönchengladbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCritz_Airpark" title="Müritz Airpark">Müritz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neubrandenburg_Airport" title="Neubrandenburg Airport">Neubrandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchim_International_Airport" title="Parchim International Airport">Parchim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peter-Ording_Airport" title="Sankt Peter-Ording Airport">Sankt Peter-Ording</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegerland_Airport" title="Siegerland Airport">Siegerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund%E2%80%93Barth_Airport" title="Stralsund–Barth Airport">Stralsund–Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straubing_Wallm%C3%BChle_Airport" title="Straubing Wallmühle Airport">Straubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uetersen_Airfield" title="Uetersen Airfield">Uetersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JadeWeser_Airport" title="JadeWeser Airport">Wilhelmshaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zweibr%C3%BCcken_Airport" title="Zweibrücken Airport">Zweibrücken</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Sch%C3%B6nefeld_Airport" title="Berlin Schönefeld Airport">Berlin–Schönefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Tegel_Airport" title="Berlin Tegel Airport">Berlin–Tegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Tempelhof_Airport" title="Berlin Tempelhof Airport">Berlin–Tempelhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremerhaven_Airport" title="Bremerhaven Airport">Bremerhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cologne_Butzweilerhof_Airport" title="Cologne Butzweilerhof Airport">Cologne–Butzweilerhof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottbus-Drewitz_Airport" title="Cottbus-Drewitz Airport">Cottbus-Drewitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich-Riem_Airport" title="Munich-Riem Airport">Munich–Riem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_Germany" title="List of the busiest airports in Germany">Statistics</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161348#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161348#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161348#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403726456">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139833492">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1256051/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvHfmCB6wTFH7ywm7tYfq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4246095-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no90018540">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007540112105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&oldid=1250557498">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&oldid=1250557498</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Airports_in_Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Category:Airports in Rhineland-Palatinate">Airports in Rhineland-Palatinate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Kaiserslautern_(district)" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Kaiserslautern (district)">Buildings and structures in Kaiserslautern (district)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Installations_of_the_United_States_Air_Force_in_Germany" title="Category:Installations of the United States Air Force in Germany">Installations of the United States Air Force in Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1953_establishments_in_West_Germany" title="Category:1953 establishments in West Germany">1953 establishments in West Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_airbases_established_in_1953" title="Category:Military airbases established in 1953">Military airbases established in 1953</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:NATO_installations_in_Germany" title="Category:NATO installations in Germany">NATO installations in Germany</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Ukrainian-language_script_(uk)" title="Category:CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk)">CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Ukrainian-language_sources_(uk)" title="Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)">CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use American English from April 2022">Use American English from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2023">Articles needing additional references from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_copy_edit_from_November_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from November 2023">Wikipedia articles needing copy edit from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_copy_edit" title="Category:All articles needing copy edit">All articles needing copy edit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_scheduled_for_update_tagging" title="Category:Wikipedia articles scheduled for update tagging">Wikipedia articles scheduled for update tagging</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_June_2020" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2020">Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2023" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2023">Articles needing additional references from December 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Serbian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Serbian-language text">Articles containing Serbian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2022">Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2021">Articles containing potentially dated statements from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_Air_Force_Historical_Research_Agency" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Air Force Historical Research Agency</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 October 2024, at 03:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramstein_Air_Base&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-szq4t","wgBackendResponseTime":180,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.293","walltime":"1.710","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11078,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":320805,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":59768,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":229718,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1457.428 1 -total"," 20.82% 303.464 38 Template:Refn"," 18.60% 271.099 1 Template:Infobox_military_installation"," 17.82% 259.668 1 Template:Infobox"," 9.27% 135.057 9 Template:Military_navigation"," 9.10% 132.643 28 Template:Cite_web"," 8.93% 130.096 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.41% 122.550 4 Template:Lang"," 7.60% 110.755 1 Template:US_Air_Force_navbox"," 6.66% 97.056 6 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.743","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":32629958,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-ccfm8","timestamp":"20241123000415","ttl":86161,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ramstein Air Base","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ramstein_Air_Base","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161348","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q161348","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-05-24T09:10:50Z","dateModified":"2024-10-11T03:28:53Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6c\/Europe_District_supported%2C_managed_construction_projects_around_U.S._air_base_%283985995069%29.jpg","headline":"US Air Force base in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany"}</script> </body> </html>