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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Leopard 2PL</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Main Battle Tank</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> Leopard 2PL </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Leopard_2PL_-_Szkolenie_Wojska_Polskiego_w_Nowej_D%C4%99bie_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1113" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Exercises of the soldiers of the 18th Mechanized Division 2020, Leopard 2PL tank</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">Main battle tank</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">2020–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Polish_Land_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1681" data-file-height="801" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Designed</th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bumar-Labedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumar-Labedy">Zakłady Mechaniczne „BUMAR-ŁABĘDY” S.A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Produced</th><td class="infobox-data">2019–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> built</th><td class="infobox-data">62/142<sup id="cite_ref-Poland_Starts_Training_of_Ukrainian2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poland_Starts_Training_of_Ukrainian2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">59,203 kg (130,520 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">9,670 mm (381 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">3,750 mm (148 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">3,050 mm (120 in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Crew</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_armour" title="Vehicle armour">Armor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">composite armor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Main<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_Rh-120" title="Rheinmetall Rh-120">Rheinmetall Rh-120 L/44 120mm cannon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Secondary<br />armament</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MG3_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="MG3 machine gun">2 × MG3 machine guns</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Engine</th><td class="infobox-data">MTU-MB 873<br />1,100 kilowatts (1,500 PS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational<br />range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">on road 500 kilometres (310 mi), in terrain 300 kilometres (190 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Maximum speed of vehicle or missile">Maximum speed </span></th><td class="infobox-data">68 kilometres per hour (42 mph)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard_2_PL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Leopard_2_PL.jpg/220px-Leopard_2_PL.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Leopard_2_PL.jpg/330px-Leopard_2_PL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Leopard_2_PL.jpg/440px-Leopard_2_PL.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Leopard 2PL prototype on German Army Day, <a href="/wiki/Fassberg_Air_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Fassberg Air Base">Fassberg Air Base</a> 2019</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG/220px-Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG/330px-Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG/440px-Leopard2PL_IMGP3265.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3926" data-file-height="1974" /></a><figcaption>Leopard 2PL side view</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg/220px-Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg/330px-Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg/440px-Leopard_2_PL_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Leopard 2PL rear view</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Leopard 2PL</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tank</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a>, and is a modernized version of the older <a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a>A4 tank, phased out by Germany and first acquired by Poland in the 2000s. The modernisation is currently being carried out in cooperation with <a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armaments_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Armaments Group">Polish Armaments Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa PGZ</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As soon as the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a> took over the first Leopard 2A4 tanks from the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> in 2002, it was recognized that their modernization was necessary. However, the first efforts to develop its plan and scope did not begin until mid-2012. </p><p>The program was called <i>Leopard 2PL</i> and as a result of the conducted works, two variants of <a href="/wiki/Modernization" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernization">modernization</a> were defined. The basic one included the introduction of an electric turret drive and <a href="/wiki/Gun_stabilizer" title="Gun stabilizer">gun stabilization</a> (in place of hydraulic one), installation of an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit" title="Auxiliary power unit">auxiliary power unit</a> (APU), modernization of the optoelectronic system through e.g. installation of new <a href="/wiki/Thermal_Imaging" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal Imaging">thermal imaging</a> cameras, modernization of the driver's seat and a new anti-explosion, fire and mine protection package.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second variant was extended to also include a <a href="/wiki/Battlefield_management_system" title="Battlefield management system">BMS combat management system</a>, installation of a remote-controlled weapon stations on the turret of the tank, new types of ammunition, air conditioning systems in the driver and combat compartment, and modernization of the electronics <a href="/wiki/Heat_exchanger" title="Heat exchanger">cooling</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the modernization program was included in the "Technical Modernization Plan of the Polish Armed Forces for 2013-2022" (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Plan Modernizacji Technicznej</i></span>) in December 2012. In early March 2013, invitations were sent to interested parties for the technical dialogue, which took place from March to August. </p><p>In October 2013, a tender was announced to select a contractor for the program. Three consortia formed to bid: </p> <ol><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wojskowe_Zak%C5%82ady_Motoryzacyjne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne (page does not exist)">Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojskowe_Zak%C5%82ady_Motoryzacyjne" class="extiw" title="pl:Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne">PL</a>]</span> from <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, Wojskowe Zakłady Łączności Nr. 2 and Rheinmetall Landsysteme GmbH,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCO_Imaging" title="PCO Imaging">PCO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aselsan" title="Aselsan">ASELSAN Elektronik</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumar-%C5%81ab%C4%99dy" title="Bumar-Łabędy">Bumar-Łabędy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=OBRUM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OBRUM (page does not exist)">OBRUM company</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/OBRUM" class="extiw" title="pl:OBRUM">PL</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polski_Holding_Obronny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polski Holding Obronny (page does not exist)">Polski Holding Obronny (PHO)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polski_Holding_Obronny" class="extiw" title="pl:Polski Holding Obronny">PL</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The final offer was submitted by the third consortium and negotiations with the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inspectorate_of_Armaments_(Poland)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inspectorate of Armaments (Poland) (page does not exist)">Inspectorate of Armaments</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspektorat_Uzbrojenia" class="extiw" title="pl:Inspektorat Uzbrojenia">PL</a>]</span> began. In December 2014, the consortium submitted the final proposal based on the solutions of their foreign partner <a href="/wiki/Krauss-Maffei_Wegmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Krauss-Maffei Wegmann">Krauss-Maffei Wegmann</a>, but in 2015 the procedure to select the contractor was terminated due to formal deficiencies and the low participation of Polish industry in the program. </p><p>That same year, the decision was made to contract the modernization to the Polish Armaments Group (owner of Bumar-Łabędy and OBRUM). The final offer was made in November 2015, thus starting negotiations.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 28, 2015, an agreement was signed between the Inspectorate of Armaments (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Inspektorat Uzbrojenia</i></span>) and a consortium consisting of PGZ and Bumar-Łabędy for the modernization of 128 Leopard 2 <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> with an option for another 14 units. The German partner of the consortium was the German company Rheinmetall Landsysteme, which in the past co-produced Leopard 2 tanks. The contract amount was 2.415 billion <a href="/wiki/Polish_z%C5%82oty" title="Polish złoty">PLN</a>. On June 20, 2018, an annex was signed using the option to upgrade 14 tanks, i.e. all Leopard 2A4 tanks used by the Army. The cost of the contract increased to 2.721 billion PLN.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contract originally assumed that all copies of the base order would be transferred by 2020 and those from options for 14 vehicles by 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original work schedule assumed that the entire work process would be divided into five stages. In the first stage for 2016, preparation of all <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">infrastructure</a> and resources needed for modernization were anticipated. The second stage predicted that from November 2016 to the end of 2017, dismantling of the machines and preparation for the modernization process would be carried out, while in the third stage, falling in 2018, <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> transfer and staff training on a trial batch of tanks. From June 2018 to March 2019, the process of starting production and delivery of the pre-series machine to the recipient was to begin, and the last fifth stage lasting from January 2019 to November 2020 was to begin serial modernization of machines and deliveries (only vehicles from the first contract, i.e. 128 pieces). However, the original modernization process envisaged that the prototype in the number of one piece would be delivered by the third quarter of 2018, the test batch of 5 vehicles (the process of training Polish specialists and technology transfer) made in Germany would be delivered by the end of 2018, the test batch comprising 12 vehicles already completed in Poland, it will be delivered by the end of the first quarter of 2019, and serial production of the other machines under the basic contract is to be carried out from the second quarter of 2019 to the third quarter of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On February 18, 2016, a detailed agreement was signed with a German partner, which specified the terms of cooperation between ZM Bumar-Łabędy and Rheinmetall. The contract assumed that the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> company would be responsible for developing the tank modernization project, preparing the necessary technical documentation together with Polish partners, making a prototype of the 2PL version car and tanks of the trial batch (five of which includes the process of training Polish specialists and technology transfer to Poland), providing ZM Bumar-Łabędy with the necessary technical support in starting production of serial wagons, providing necessary tools and transferring <a href="/wiki/Know-how" class="mw-redirect" title="Know-how">know-how</a> technology. During the <a href="/wiki/Eurosatory" title="Eurosatory">Eurosatory</a> 2018 trade fair, representatives of Rheinmetall announced the completion of factory tests of the Leopard 2PL <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> tank.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2018, the vehicle was sent to the Military Armored and Automotive Institute in Sulejówek, where it underwent further national tests in Poland. In 2018, Reinmetall handed over to ZM Bumar-Łabędy the first pre-series copies, which opened the way to the modernization of machines already in Poland, after the positive completion of testing the prototype vehicle. The prototype tests were prolonged, which influenced the modernization of further copies and their delivery to the recipient. During the prototype testing there were also problems with the chassis, the repair of which prolonged the testing process, which meant that serial production could not be started.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The prototype was completed on May 8, 2020. On May 28, 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Land_Forces" title="Polish Land Forces">Polish Land Forces</a> received the first copies from the pre-series party. The contract was extended until the end of July 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contract was annexed five times, mainly due to not taking into account the restoration of efficiency of some tank elements, which turned out to be necessary and the different state of wear of individual vehicles. The final cost of the program increased to 3.29 billion PLN.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leopard 2PL is a third generation <a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">main battle tank</a>, made in cooperation with Polish Armaments Group and Rheinmetall Landsystems. The tank is designed to master and maintain the area, and support fire from deck weapons of mechanized and motorized subunits, in all weather conditions, both during the <a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">day</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Night" title="Night">night</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the work, two versions of the vehicles were developed: the Leopard 2PL version, which is currently supplied to the military, and the Leopard 2PLM1, which was created by decision in 2018. The German partner is responsible for the production of the <a href="/wiki/Prototype" title="Prototype">prototype</a> variant of the Leopard 2PLM1. The vehicle was delivered in January 2021, and its tests began in February 2021. </p><p>The differences in the field of tanks in the Leopard 2PL and Leopard 2PM1 versions are that the machines in the 2PLM1 version are equipped with an EGPT compartment warning system, a system protecting the network electronics against the start-up time, modification operating modes of the <a href="/wiki/Laser_rangefinder" title="Laser rangefinder">laser rangefinder</a>, an additional socket for batteries and the PIX combination, allows the commander to automatically rotate the optoelectronic head of the PERI observation and aiming device to the "six o'clock" and "twelve o'clock" position relative to the tank's hull.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armor">Armor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Armor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modernization of the Leopard 2A4 to the 2PL standard includes the strengthening of the ballistic resistance of the turret to a level exceeding that of the Leopard 2A5 version. Additional external armor modules are mounted around the vehicle turret. It was not decided to reinforce the hull and vehicle <a href="/wiki/Chassis" title="Chassis">chassis</a> due to the significant increase in <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicle</a> weight and cost reduction. Special anti-spall liners have been installed inside the vehicle to protect the crew inside the vehicle against splashes and armor fragments in the event of a puncture or hit.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Armament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main armament of the tank remained the <a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall_Rh-120" title="Rheinmetall Rh-120">Rheinmetall Rh-120</a> smoothbore gun in the L/44 version, but it was modified to adapt to the use of new types of ammunition, i.e. DM63 <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing shell">armor-piercing shell</a> and programmable DM11 ammunition. Left and right resistors, return, recoil indicator and container for shell bottom were replaced, in order to use DM11 ammunition, a programming system was introduced in the cannon's falling-block action, as well as a fire control system and electronic cannon trigger assembly. A new on-board <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> was installed with new ballistic tables. <a href="/wiki/MG-3" class="mw-redirect" title="MG-3">MG-3</a> machine guns were not exchanged for another model. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Two_plane_gun_stabilizer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Two plane gun stabilizer (page does not exist)">two plane gun stabilizer</a> system of the <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a> and turret drives were changed from hydraulic to purely electric.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Optics">Optics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Optics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gunner's sight and sights of the gunner and the commander were modernized by adding Polish <a href="/wiki/Thermal_imaging_camera" title="Thermal imaging camera">thermal imaging cameras</a> of the third generation KLW-1 Asteria made by Polish PCO. Driver awareness was improved by installing a KDN-1 Nyks day / night reversing camera also PCO production. A monitor-control panel for the commander was installed, which enables alternative image transmission from the modernized EMES 15 sight and PERI R17A3L4 CP instrument, performing a full test of tower systems in cooperation with the modernized RPP testing block and control of tower systems from the level of the commander, which allows operation in hunter-killer mode.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new, digital communication bus was used. The <a href="/wiki/Radiostation" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiostation">radio</a> has not been replaced with a modern model.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tank propulsion units were subjected to general repairs, an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_power_unit" title="Auxiliary power unit">auxiliary power unit</a> (APU) with a power of 17 kW was installed, in addition to the installation of anti-shrapnel liners, crew safety was improved by the use of an explosion-proof system with cylinders with Deugen-N extinguishing agent and the fire system was modernized by adding a new control panel and cylinders with extinguishing agent, additional transport baskets were mounted outside the turret and adaptation of the evacuation equipment to the tank combat <a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a> increased to 60 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Service_in_Polish_Land_Forces">Service in Polish Land Forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Service in Polish Land Forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first Leopard 2PL tanks were delivered to military units in May 2020. First six vehicles were delivered to the Leopard Training Center (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Ośrodek Szkolenia Leopard</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99tosz%C3%B3w" title="Świętoszów">Świętoszów</a> from <a href="/wiki/10th_Armoured_Cavalry_Brigade_(Poland)" title="10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade (Poland)">10th Armoured Cavalry Brigade</a> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">10 Brygada Kawalerii Pancernej</i></span>) and other two tanks were delivered to <a href="/wiki/1st_Warsaw_Armoured_Brigade" title="1st Warsaw Armoured Brigade">1st Warsaw Armoured Brigade</a> (<span title="Polish-language text"><i lang="pl">Warszawska Brygada Pancerna</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Weso%C5%82a" title="Wesoła">Wesoła</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2020, 12 Leopard 2PL tanks were delivered to the army.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2021 the 1st Armored Brigade is the first unit to have a full company in its structures (14 tanks). Previously, the unit had a tank company in the Leopard 2A4 version of the 1st Tank Battalion. By December 2021, 20 machines were delivered.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Poland_Starts_Training_of_Ukrainian2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Poland_Starts_Training_of_Ukrainian2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tanks_of_the_post–Cold_War_era" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_tanks" title="Template:Post–Cold War tanks"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_tanks" title="Template talk:Post–Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post%E2%80%93Cold_War_tanks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post–Cold War tanks"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tanks_of_the_post–Cold_War_era" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tanks_of_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Tanks of the post–Cold War era">Tanks of the post–Cold War era</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">Main battle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khalid_tank" title="Al-Khalid tank">Al-Khalid tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zarrar_tank" title="Al-Zarrar tank">Al-Zarrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariete" title="Ariete">Ariete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arjun_(tank)" title="Arjun (tank)">Arjun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_2" title="Challenger 2">Challenger 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_59_Durjoy" title="Type 59 Durjoy">Durjoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K2_Black_Panther" title="K2 Black Panther">K2 Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karrar_(tank)" title="Karrar (tank)">Karrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leclerc_tank" title="Leclerc tank">Leclerc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2E" title="Leopard 2E">Leopard 2E</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leopard 2PL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkava#Merkava_Mark_IV" title="Merkava">Merkava IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pokpung-ho" title="Pokpung-ho">Pokpung-ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT-91_Twardy" title="PT-91 Twardy">PT-91 Twardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramses_II_tank" title="Ramses II tank">Ramses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra_(tank)" title="Sabra (tank)">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stridsvagn_122" title="Stridsvagn 122">Stridsvagn 122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-72M4CZ" title="T-72M4CZ">T-72M4CZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-84" title="T-84">T-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-90" title="T-90">T-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_10" title="Type 10">Type 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_72Z" title="Type 72Z">Type 72Z</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_96_tank" title="Type 96 tank">Type 96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_99_tank" title="Type 99 tank">Type 99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT-4" title="VT-4">VT-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_(tank)" title="Zulfiqar (tank)">Zulfiqar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light</a> / <a href="/wiki/Medium_tank" title="Medium tank">medium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabrah_light_tank" title="Sabrah light tank">Sabrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre_(tank)" title="Sabre (tank)">Sabre CVRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2S25_Sprut-SD" title="2S25 Sprut-SD">2S25 Sprut-SD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosan_tank" title="Tosan tank">Tosan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_15_tank" title="Type 15 tank">Type 15 / VT-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_63A" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 63A">Type 63A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Type_05_amphibious_fighting_vehicle#Variants" title="Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicle">ZTD-05 / ZLT-05</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Prototypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Prototypes">Prototypes</a>,<br />experimentals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams#Variants_and_upgrades" title="M1 Abrams">AbramsX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_(tank)" title="Altay (tank)">Altay</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Eagle_(tank)" title="Black Eagle (tank)">Black Eagle</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_3" title="Challenger 3">Challenger 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Vehicle_90" title="Combat Vehicle 90">CV90105 / CV90120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaplan_MT_/_Harimau" title="Kaplan MT / Harimau">Kaplan MT / Harimau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K21" title="K21">K21-105</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/M8_armored_gun_system" title="M8 armored gun system">M8 armored gun system</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M10_Booker" title="M10 Booker">M10 Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2020_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="M2020 tank">M2020</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/M60-2000" title="M60-2000">M60-2000</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-84AS" title="M-84AS">M-84AS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-84AS1" title="M-84AS1">M-84AS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-84D" title="M-84D">M-84D</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/M-95_Degman" title="M-95 Degman">M-95 Degman</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Main_Ground_Combat_System" title="Main Ground Combat System">Main Ground Combat System</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marder_(infantry_fighting_vehicle)#Derivative_models" title="Marder (infantry fighting vehicle)">Marder medium tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panther_KF51" title="Panther KF51">Panther KF51</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Patag%C3%B3n" title="Patagón">Patagón</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/PL-01" title="PL-01">PL-01</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiam_(tank)" title="Tiam (tank)">Tiam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-14_Armata" title="T-14 Armata">T-14 Armata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-55AGM" title="T-55AGM">T-55AGM</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/T-95" title="T-95">T-95</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Tank_EX" title="Tank EX">Tank EX</a></span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zorawar_LT" title="Zorawar LT">Zorawar LT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <dl><dd><span style="background-color: Cornsilk;color:black;">Cancelled or derelict project</span><span style="padding-left:0.12em;"><sup>X</sup></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tanks_of_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_period" title="Category:Tanks of the post–Cold War period">Post–Cold War tanks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_armoured_fighting_vehicles" title="List of modern armoured fighting vehicles">List of modern armoured fighting vehicles</a></li></ul> <p>Background: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_tank" title="History of the tank">History of the tank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tank_classification" title="Tank classification">Tank classification</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_armoured_fighting_vehicles_after_World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ModernPOLAFVsNav" title="Template:ModernPOLAFVsNav"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ModernPOLAFVsNav" title="Template talk:ModernPOLAFVsNav"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ModernPOLAFVsNav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ModernPOLAFVsNav"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_armoured_fighting_vehicles_after_World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">armoured fighting vehicles</a> after World War II</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Main_battle_tank" title="Main battle tank">Main battle tanks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K2_Black_Panther" title="K2 Black Panther">K2 Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopard_2" title="Leopard 2">Leopard 2</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Leopard 2PL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Abrams" title="M1 Abrams">M1 Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT-91_Twardy" title="PT-91 Twardy">PT-91 Twardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-72" title="T-72">T-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-54/T-55_Operators_and_variants#Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="T-54/T-55 Operators and variants">T-55AM Merida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-55" class="mw-redirect" title="T-55">T-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-54" class="mw-redirect" title="T-54">T-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34-85</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Light_tank" title="Light tank">Light tanks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PT-76" title="PT-76">PT-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-70" title="T-70">T-70</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_tank" title="Heavy tank">Heavy tanks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IS-2" title="IS-2">IS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-3" title="IS-3">IS-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tank_destroyer" title="Tank destroyer">Tank destroyers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M6_Shmel#History" title="3M6 Shmel">2P26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRDM-1#Variants" title="BRDM-1">2P27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRDM-1#Variants" title="BRDM-1">9P110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRDM-2#Variants" title="BRDM-2">9P133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SU-76" title="SU-76">SU-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SU-85" title="SU-85">SU-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SU-100" title="SU-100">SU-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humvee#International_versions" title="Humvee">Tumak-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Infantry_fighting_vehicle" title="Infantry fighting vehicle">Infantry fighting vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KTO_Rosomak" title="KTO Rosomak">KBWP Rosomak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borsuk_(infantry_fighting_vehicle)" title="Borsuk (infantry fighting vehicle)">BWP Borsuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP-2" title="BMP-2">BWP-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMP-1" title="BMP-1">BWP-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">Armoured personnel carriers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BTR-152" title="BTR-152">BTR-152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTR-40" title="BTR-40">BTR-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTR-60" title="BTR-60">BTR-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTO_Rosomak" title="KTO Rosomak">KTO Rosomak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KTO_Ry%C5%9B" title="KTO Ryś">KTO Ryś</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPG_Kalina" title="SPG Kalina">SPG Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opal_(armoured_personnel_carrier)" title="Opal (armoured personnel carrier)">Opal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MT-LB" title="MT-LB">MT-LB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M113" class="mw-redirect" title="M113">M113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT-62_TOPAS" title="OT-62 TOPAS">OT-62 TOPAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT-64_SKOT" title="OT-64 SKOT">OT-64 SKOT</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transporter_Waran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transporter Waran (page does not exist)">Transporter Waran</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporter_opancerzony_Waran" class="extiw" title="pl:Transporter opancerzony Waran">pl</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">Armored cars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BA-64" title="BA-64">BA-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMZ_Dzik" title="AMZ Dzik">AMZ Dzik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMZ_%C5%BBubr" title="AMZ Żubr">AMZ Żubr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRDM-1" title="BRDM-1">BRDM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRDM-2#Poland_2" title="BRDM-2">BRDM-2M96/M96i/M96ik/M97/M98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BRDM-2" title="BRDM-2">BRDM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-442_FUG" title="D-442 FUG">D-442 FUG</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/MRAP" title="MRAP">MRAPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cougar_H" class="mw-redirect" title="Cougar H">Cougar H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_MaxxPro" title="International MaxxPro">MaxxPro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_MaxxPro" title="International MaxxPro">MaxxPro Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_M-ATV" title="Oshkosh M-ATV">M-ATV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel drive vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_(T6)" title="Ford Ranger (T6)">Ford Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarpan_Honker" title="Tarpan Honker">Honker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humvee" title="Humvee">HMMWV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_G" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes G">Mercedes G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Rover_Defender" title="Land Rover Defender">Land Rover Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAZ-469" title="UAZ-469">UAZ-469</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PWA_Aero" title="PWA Aero">PWA Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPU_Wirus_4" title="LPU Wirus 4">LPU Wirus 4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_artillery" title="Self-propelled artillery">Self-propelled artillery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2S1_Gvozdika#Poland" title="2S1 Gvozdika">2S1 Goździk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2S7_Pion" title="2S7 Pion">2S7 Pion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AHS_Krab" title="AHS Krab">Krab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASU-85" title="ASU-85">ASU-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K9_Thunder" title="K9 Thunder">K9 Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/152mm_SpGH_DANA" class="mw-redirect" title="152mm SpGH DANA">Dana wz. 77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SU-152" title="SU-152">SU-152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU-122" title="ISU-122">ISU-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU-152" title="ISU-152">ISU-152</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M120_Rak" title="M120 Rak">M120 Rak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Rocket_artillery" title="Rocket artillery">Rocket artillery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2K6_Luna" title="2K6 Luna">2K6 Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-11_Zemlya" title="R-11 Zemlya">9K51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K52_Luna-M" title="9K52 Luna-M">9K52 Luna-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-17_Elbrus" title="R-17 Elbrus">9K72 Elbrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR-40_Langusta" title="WR-40 Langusta">WR-40 Langusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-70/85" class="mw-redirect" title="RM-70/85">RM-70/85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-21_Grad" title="BM-21 Grad">BM-21 Grad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-24" title="BM-24">BM-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BM-14" title="BM-14">BM-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">OTR-21 Tochka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M142_HIMARS" title="M142 HIMARS">M142 HIMARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K239_Chunmoo" title="K239 Chunmoo">K239 Chunmoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Strike_Missile" title="Naval Strike Missile">NDR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun">Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PZA_Loara" title="PZA Loara">PZA Loara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZSU-23-4MP_Bia%C5%82a" title="ZSU-23-4MP Biała">ZSU-23-4MP Biała</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibneryt" title="Hibneryt">Hibneryt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZSU-23-4" class="mw-redirect" title="ZSU-23-4">ZSU-23-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZSU-57-2" title="ZSU-57-2">ZSU-57-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSR-A_Pilica_(anti-aircraft_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="PSR-A Pilica (anti-aircraft system)">PSR-A Pilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16_Multiple_Gun_Motor_Carriage#Variants" title="M16 Multiple Gun Motor Carriage">M17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Self-propelled<br /><a href="/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile" title="Surface-to-air missile">surface-to-air missile</a> systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9K33_Osa" title="9K33 Osa">9K33M3 Osa-P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K12M_Kub-M" class="mw-redirect" title="2K12M Kub-M">2K12M Kub-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-125_Newa_SC" class="mw-redirect" title="S-125 Newa SC">S-125 Newa SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2K11_Krug" title="2K11 Krug">2K11M Krug-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K31_Strela-1" title="9K31 Strela-1">9K31 Strela-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K35_Strela-10" title="9K35 Strela-10">9K35 Strela-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAMM_(missile_family)#Ground-based_air_defence_(Land_Ceptor)" title="CAMM (missile family)">Mała Narew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poprad_(self-propelled_anti-aircraft_missile_system)" title="Poprad (self-propelled anti-aircraft missile system)">SPZR Poprad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&oldid=1253706521">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leopard_2PL&oldid=1253706521</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Main_battle_tanks_of_Germany" 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