CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no" /> <title> International policy - Carbon Brief </title> <meta property="fb:pages" content="193315464030877" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/favicon.ico" /> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/header-carousel.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/slick.css" rel="stylesheet" /> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/theme.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/responsive.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/gallery.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/jquery-fullsizable.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/bootstrap-datepicker.css" rel="stylesheet">      <script type="text/javascript"> var ajaxurl = 'https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php'; var bitlyuser = 'piotrmediablaze'; var bitlykey = 'R_18d6e22b015d4a1abdd1249391611676'; </script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>International policy - Carbon Brief</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_GB" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="International policy - Carbon Brief" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Carbon Brief" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-05-09T15:55:47+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@carbonbrief" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/","name":"International policy - Carbon Brief","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-05-09T15:55:46+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-09T15:55:47+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Policy","item":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"International policy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#website","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/","name":"Carbon Brief","description":"Clear on climate","publisher":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#organization","name":"Carbon Brief","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CarbonBrief_Logo2015_SEO.png","contentUrl":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/CarbonBrief_Logo2015_SEO.png","width":222,"height":69,"caption":"Carbon Brief"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.carbonbrief.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief/","https://x.com/carbonbrief","https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief/","https://www.pinterest.com/thecarbonbrief/","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='safe-svg-svg-icon-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .safe-svg-cover{text-align:center}.safe-svg-cover .safe-svg-inside{display:inline-block;max-width:100%}.safe-svg-cover svg{height:100%;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;width:100%} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #333333;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--blue: #0B4572;--wp--preset--color--blue-light: #ADD2EC;--wp--preset--color--blue-lighter: #E8F6FD;--wp--preset--color--red: #E9B4AC;--wp--preset--color--yellow: #F8E8B0;--wp--preset--color--pink: #DAB6CA;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=5.9.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mailerlite_forms.css-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/official-mailerlite-sign-up-forms/assets/css/mailerlite_forms.css?ver=1.7.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.15.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css?ver=4.15.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='search-filter-plugin-styles-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/css/search-filter.min.css?ver=2.5.11' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wordpress-popular-posts-css-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/css/wpp.css?ver=5.4.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='carbon-jquery-ui-css' href='https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jqueryui/1.8/themes/base/jquery-ui.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-blocks-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/css/theme-gutenberg.css?ver=6.6.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/tablepress-combined.min.css?ver=99' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='site-css-css' href='https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/assets/styles/css/style.css?ver=1.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-css-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.3/css/all.min.css?ver=all' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js?ver=4.15.13" id="ppress-flatpickr-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js?ver=4.15.13" id="ppress-select2-js"></script> <script type="application/json" id="wpp-json"> /* <![CDATA[ */ {"sampling_active":0,"sampling_rate":100,"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts\/v1\/popular-posts","api_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-json\/wordpress-popular-posts","ID":41940,"token":"4025d98119","lang":0,"debug":0} /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-popular-posts/assets/js/wpp.min.js?ver=5.4.2" id="wpp-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/41940" /><link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fpolicy%2Finternational-policy%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carbonbrief.org%2Fpolicy%2Finternational-policy%2F&format=xml" /> <meta property="fb:pages" content="193315464030877" />  <script> (function(w,d,e,u,f,l,n){w[f]=w[f]||function(){(w[f].q=w[f].q||[]) .push(arguments);},l=d.createElement(e),l.async=1,l.src=u, n=d.getElementsByTagName(e)[0],n.parentNode.insertBefore(l,n);}) (window,document,'script','https://assets.mailerlite.com/js/universal.js','ml'); ml('account', '249617'); ml('enablePopups', true); </script>  <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2038811,hjsv:5}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <style> @-webkit-keyframes bgslide { from { background-position-x: 0; } to { background-position-x: -200%; } } @keyframes bgslide { from { background-position-x: 0; } to { background-position-x: -200%; } } .wpp-widget-placeholder { margin: 0 auto; width: 60px; height: 3px; background: #dd3737; background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(#dd3737), color-stop(10%, #571313), to(#dd3737)); background: linear-gradient(90deg, #dd3737 0%, #571313 10%, #dd3737 100%); background-size: 200% auto; border-radius: 3px; -webkit-animation: bgslide 1s infinite linear; animation: bgslide 1s infinite linear; } </style> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> header { z-index:10; } greyBar{ z-index:2 !important; } </style> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-R02EV2GBVB"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-R02EV2GBVB'); </script>  <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-WRTHFZB'); </script>   <script> (function(i, s, o, g, r, a, m) { i['GoogleAnalyticsObject'] = r; i[r] = i[r] || function() { (i[r].q = i[r].q || []).push(arguments) }, i[r].l = 1 * new Date(); a = s.createElement(o), m = s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0]; a.async = 1; a.src = g; m.parentNode.insertBefore(a, m) })(window, document, 'script', '//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js', 'ga'); ga('create', 'UA-19777583-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script></head>  <body id="topBack">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-WRTHFZB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div class="gNav"> <div class="mobScroll"> <div class="mobOnlySec"> <h4>Sections</h4> <ul class="mSection"> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/">Science</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/health-and-security/">Health and Security</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/ice/">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/nature/">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/oceans/">Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/people/">People</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/temperature/">Temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/">Energy</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/china-energy/">China energy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/other-technologies/">Other technologies</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/">Policy</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/other-national-policy/">Other national policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/">In Focus</a><span class="arrow"></span> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/debriefed/">DeBriefed</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/state-of-the-climate/">State of the climate</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="nosub"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/japan-eyes-cutting-emissions-by-60-by-2035-from-2013-levels/">Daily Brief</a></li> </ul> </div> <h4>MENU</h4> <div class="mMenu"><ul> <li class="page_item page-item-46822"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-37506"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing/">China Briefing</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-15734"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/comments-policy/">Comments Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-342"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-348"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cookies/">Cookies Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-38845"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped/">Cropped</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41552"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/">Daily Brief</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-46959"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/debriefed/">DeBriefed</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41657 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41934"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41937 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41942"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/global-emissions/">Global emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41944"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/rest-of-world-emissions/">Rest of world emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41945"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/uk-emissions/">UK emissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41928"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/eu-emissions/">EU emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41950"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41952"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41954"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41955"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-52834"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/china-energy/">China energy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-42884"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-south-climate-database/">Global South Climate Database</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41557"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/">Home</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41559 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/">In focus</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41957"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41959"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41961"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41963"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41965"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41967"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41968"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41970"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41933"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/state-of-the-climate/">State of the climate</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41935"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41936"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-48319 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/">Nature</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-42000"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/food-and-farming/">Food and farming</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-51434 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/">Nature policy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-53898"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/cop16-cali/">COP16 Cali</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-42004"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/plants-and-forests/">Plants and forests</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42007"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/wildlife/">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-23513"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up-old/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-48223"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41560 page_item_has_children current_page_ancestor current_page_parent"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/">Policy</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41938"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41939"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41940 current_page_item"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/" aria-current="page">International policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41941"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41943"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41946 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41948"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop21-paris/">COP21 Paris</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41951"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop22-marrakech/">COP22 Marrakech</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41953"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop23-bonn/">COP23 Bonn</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41956"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop24-katowice/">COP24 Katowice</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41958"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop25-madrid/">COP25 Madrid</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41960"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop26-glasgow/">COP26 Glasgow</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-44297"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop27-sharm-el-sheikh/">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-49674"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop28-dubai/">COP28 Dubai</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-54224"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41962"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-346"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41558 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/">Science</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41964"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41966 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41973"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/attribution/">Attribution</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41977"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/drought/">Drought</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41978"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/el-nino/">El Niño</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41980"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/floods/">Floods</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41982"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/heatwaves/">Heatwaves</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41983"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/storms/">Storms</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41984"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/wildfires/">Wildfires</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41999"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/geoengineering/">Geoengineering</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41986 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/">Ice</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41988"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/antarctic/">Antarctic</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41990"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/arctic/">Arctic</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41992"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/glaciers/">Glaciers</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41994"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/sea-ice/">Sea ice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41996"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41969 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/">Oceans</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-42009"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/marine-life/">Marine life</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42010"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-acidification/">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41971"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-warming/">Ocean warming</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41974"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/sea-level-rise/">Sea level rise</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41975 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/">People</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41976"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/human-security/">Human security</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41979"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-health/">Public health</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41981"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-opinion/">Public opinion</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41985"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/risk-and-adaptation/">Risk and adaptation</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41987"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/science-communication/">Science communication</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-41989 page_item_has_children"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/">Temperature</a> <ul class='children'> <li class="page_item page-item-41993"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/1-5c/">1.5C</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41995"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/carbon-budgets/">Carbon budgets</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41997"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/climate-sensitivity/">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42001"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/ghgs-and-aerosols/">GHGs and aerosols</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42002"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/global-temperature/">Global temperature</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-41991"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/hiatus/">Hiatus</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42003"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/negative-emissions/">Negative emissions</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42005"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/rest-of-world-temperature/">Rest of world temperature</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42006"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/tipping-points/">Tipping points</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-42008"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/uk-temperature/">UK temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-13435"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/search/">Search</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-47119"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/support-us/">Support us</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-29274"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/thank-you-for-subscribing/">Thank you for subscribing</a></li> </ul></div> <h5>Social Channels</h5> <div class="menu-side-social-menu-container"><ul id="menu-side-social-menu" class="mSM"><li id="menu-item-14733" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14733"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief"><i class="mfbIcon"></i> Facebook</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14734" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14734"><a href="https://twitter.com/carbonbrief"><i class="mtwtrIcon"></i> Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19542" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-19542"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/carbon-brief"><i class="mliIcon"></i> LinkedIn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28420"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief"><i class="fa fa-instagram sideSocialMenuIcon"></i> Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14735" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14735"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg/videos"><i class="mytIcon"></i> Youtube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14736" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14736"><a href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/carbonbrief"><i class="mrssIcon"></i> Rss</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div class="topSearch"> <div class="mobScroll"> <h4>SEARCH ARCHIVE</h4> <div class="search_input_wrapper"> <form data-sf-form-id='41554' data-is-rtl='0' data-maintain-state='' data-results-url='https://www.carbonbrief.org/search' data-ajax-form-url='https://www.carbonbrief.org/?sfid=41554&sf_action=get_data&sf_data=form' data-display-result-method='shortcode' data-use-history-api='1' data-template-loaded='0' data-lang-code='en' data-ajax='0' data-init-paged='1' data-auto-update='' action='https://www.carbonbrief.org/search' method='post' class='searchandfilter' id='search-filter-form-41554' autocomplete='off' data-instance-count='1'><ul><li class="sf-field-search" data-sf-field-name="search" data-sf-field-type="search" data-sf-field-input-type=""> <label><input placeholder="Search …" name="_sf_search[]" class="sf-input-text" type="text" value="" title=""></label> </li><li class="sf-field-post_type" data-sf-field-name="_sf_post_type" data-sf-field-type="post_type" data-sf-field-input-type="select"><h4>Type</h4> <label> <select name="_sf_post_type[]" class="sf-input-select" title=""> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-0 sf-option-active" selected="selected" data-sf-depth="0" value="">All Types</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="post">Articles</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="dailybrief">Daily Brief</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-category" data-sf-field-name="_sft_category" data-sf-field-type="category" data-sf-field-input-type="select"><h4>Topic</h4> <label> <select name="_sft_category[]" class="sf-input-select" title=""> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-0 sf-option-active" selected="selected" data-sf-count="0" data-sf-depth="0" value="">All Items</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2022" data-sf-count="59" data-sf-depth="0" value="1-5c">1.5C</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-35" data-sf-count="74" data-sf-depth="0" value="antarctic">Antarctic</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-34" data-sf-count="106" data-sf-depth="0" value="arctic">Arctic</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-43" data-sf-count="75" data-sf-depth="0" value="attribution">Attribution</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2058" data-sf-count="14" data-sf-depth="0" value="carbon-budgets">Carbon budgets</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3075" data-sf-count="82" data-sf-depth="0" value="china-briefing">China Briefing</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2948" data-sf-count="19" data-sf-depth="0" value="china-energy">China energy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2214" data-sf-count="163" data-sf-depth="0" value="china-policy">China Policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1973" data-sf-count="57" data-sf-depth="0" value="climate-modelling">Climate modelling</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-27" data-sf-count="44" data-sf-depth="0" value="climate-sensitivity">Climate sensitivity</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-54" data-sf-count="179" data-sf-depth="0" value="coal">Coal</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3402" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop16-cali">COP16 Cali</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-62" data-sf-count="80" data-sf-depth="0" value="paris-2015">COP21 Paris</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1638" data-sf-count="17" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop22-marrakech">COP22 Marrakech</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1948" data-sf-count="7" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop23-bonn">COP23 Bonn</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2118" data-sf-count="6" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop24-katowice">COP24 Katowice</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2155" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop25">COP25 Madrid</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2520" data-sf-count="11" data-sf-depth="0" value="glasgow-2021">COP26 Glasgow</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2802" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop27-sharm-el-sheikh">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3124" data-sf-count="14" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop28-dubai">COP28 Dubai</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3423" data-sf-count="10" data-sf-depth="0" value="cop29-baku">COP29 Baku</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2057" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="country-profiles">Country profiles</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3074" data-sf-count="79" data-sf-depth="0" value="cropped">Cropped</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2977" data-sf-count="77" data-sf-depth="0" value="debriefed">DeBriefed</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-42" data-sf-count="54" data-sf-depth="0" value="drought">Drought</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-38" data-sf-count="28" data-sf-depth="0" value="el-nino">El Niño</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-52" data-sf-count="377" data-sf-depth="0" value="emissions">Emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2" data-sf-count="712" data-sf-depth="0" value="energy">Energy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-60" data-sf-count="45" data-sf-depth="0" value="eu-emissions">EU emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-65" data-sf-count="127" data-sf-depth="0" value="eu-policy">EU policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-68" data-sf-count="116" data-sf-depth="0" value="explainers">Explainers</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-19" data-sf-count="256" data-sf-depth="0" value="extreme-weather">Extreme weather</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-69" data-sf-count="63" data-sf-depth="0" value="factchecks">Factchecks</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-75" data-sf-count="92" data-sf-depth="0" value="features">Features</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-41" data-sf-count="86" data-sf-depth="0" value="floods">Floods</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-46" data-sf-count="116" data-sf-depth="0" value="food-farming">Food and farming</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-28" data-sf-count="42" data-sf-depth="0" value="geoengineering">Geoengineering</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-26" data-sf-count="85" data-sf-depth="0" value="ghgs-aerosols">GHGs and aerosols</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-37" data-sf-count="41" data-sf-depth="0" value="glaciers">Glaciers</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-58" data-sf-count="128" data-sf-depth="0" value="global-emissions">Global emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-23" data-sf-count="193" data-sf-depth="0" value="global-temperature">Global temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-72" data-sf-count="370" data-sf-depth="0" value="guest-posts">Guest posts</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2936" data-sf-count="8" data-sf-depth="0" value="health-and-security">Health and Security</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-39" data-sf-count="82" data-sf-depth="0" value="heatwaves">Heatwaves</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-29" data-sf-count="25" data-sf-depth="0" value="hiatus">Hiatus</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-48" data-sf-count="83" data-sf-depth="0" value="human-security">Human security</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-18" data-sf-count="172" data-sf-depth="0" value="ice">Ice</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-4" data-sf-count="907" data-sf-depth="0" value="in-focus">In Focus</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-71" data-sf-count="114" data-sf-depth="0" value="infographics">Infographics</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-63" data-sf-count="195" data-sf-depth="0" value="international-policy">International policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-70" data-sf-count="110" data-sf-depth="0" value="interviews">Interviews</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-22" data-sf-count="131" data-sf-depth="0" value="ipcc">IPCC</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2907" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="land-and-soils">Land and soils</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-32" data-sf-count="58" data-sf-depth="0" value="marine-life">Marine life</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-74" data-sf-count="113" data-sf-depth="0" value="media-analysis">Media analysis</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-20" data-sf-count="307" data-sf-depth="0" value="nature">Nature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3263" data-sf-count="24" data-sf-depth="0" value="nature-policy">Nature policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3264" data-sf-count="0" data-sf-depth="0" value="nature-2">Nature-2</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2078" data-sf-count="37" data-sf-depth="0" value="negative-emissions">Negative emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-56" data-sf-count="73" data-sf-depth="0" value="nuclear">Nuclear</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-33" data-sf-count="25" data-sf-depth="0" value="ocean-acidification">Ocean acidification</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-31" data-sf-count="66" data-sf-depth="0" value="ocean-warming">Ocean warming</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-17" data-sf-count="142" data-sf-depth="0" value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-55" data-sf-count="189" data-sf-depth="0" value="oil-and-gas">Oil and gas</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2973" data-sf-count="0" data-sf-depth="0" value="other-national-policy">Other national policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2914" data-sf-count="4" data-sf-depth="0" value="other-technologies">Other technologies</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-21" data-sf-count="268" data-sf-depth="0" value="people">People</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-44" data-sf-count="121" data-sf-depth="0" value="plants-forests">Plants and forests</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-3" data-sf-count="828" data-sf-depth="0" value="policy">Policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-47" data-sf-count="68" data-sf-depth="0" value="public-health">Public health</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-50" data-sf-count="53" data-sf-depth="0" value="public-opinion">Public opinion</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-53" data-sf-count="234" data-sf-depth="0" value="renewables">Renewables</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-61" data-sf-count="104" data-sf-depth="0" value="rest-of-world-emissions">Rest of world emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-66" data-sf-count="110" data-sf-depth="0" value="rest-of-world-policy">Rest of world policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-25" data-sf-count="22" data-sf-depth="0" value="rest-of-world-temperature">Rest of world temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-49" data-sf-count="99" data-sf-depth="0" value="risk-adaptation">Risk and adaptation</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1" data-sf-count="2261" data-sf-depth="0" value="science">Science</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-51" data-sf-count="50" data-sf-depth="0" value="science-communication">Science communication</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-36" data-sf-count="86" data-sf-depth="0" value="sea-ice">Sea ice</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-30" data-sf-count="53" data-sf-depth="0" value="sea-level-rise">Sea level rise</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2063" data-sf-count="30" data-sf-depth="0" value="state-of-the-climate">State of the climate</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-40" data-sf-count="61" data-sf-depth="0" value="storms">Storms</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-57" data-sf-count="135" data-sf-depth="0" value="technology">Technology</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-16" data-sf-count="320" data-sf-depth="0" value="temperature">Temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2161" data-sf-count="12" data-sf-depth="0" value="tipping-points">Tipping points</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1897" data-sf-count="42" data-sf-depth="0" value="translations">Translations</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-59" data-sf-count="107" data-sf-depth="0" value="uk-emissions">UK emissions</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-64" data-sf-count="355" data-sf-depth="0" value="uk-policy">UK policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-24" data-sf-count="33" data-sf-depth="0" value="uk-temperature">UK temperature</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2041" data-sf-count="67" data-sf-depth="0" value="un-climate-talks">UN climate talks</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-1835" data-sf-count="34" data-sf-depth="0" value="us-policy">US Policy</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2177" data-sf-count="14" data-sf-depth="0" value="webinars">Webinars</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-2071" data-sf-count="19" data-sf-depth="0" value="wildfires">Wildfires</option> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-45" data-sf-count="89" data-sf-depth="0" value="wildlife">Wildlife</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-sort_order" data-sf-field-name="_sf_sort_order" data-sf-field-type="sort_order" data-sf-field-input-type="select"><h4>Sort</h4> <label> <select name="_sf_sort_order[]" class="sf-input-select" title=""> <option class="sf-level-0 sf-item-0 sf-option-active" selected="selected" data-sf-depth="0" value="">Sort Results By</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="date+desc">Title (Deecending)</option> <option class="sf-level-0 " data-sf-depth="0" value="date+asc">Title (Ascending)</option> </select> </label> </li><li class="sf-field-submit" data-sf-field-name="submit" data-sf-field-type="submit" data-sf-field-input-type=""><input type="submit" name="_sf_submit" value="Submit"></li></ul></form> </div> </div> </div> <header> <figure class="mobile-menu-toggle"> <img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/assets/images/icon-hamburger.svg" /> </figure> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org"> <img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/images/logo.png" alt="" /> </a> </div> <nav class="rightMenu"> <div class="mobRM visible-lg-inline-block"> <div class="mobFUllDrop"> <ul id="rMenu" class="header-navigation"><li id="menu-item-42055" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42055"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/">Science</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42065" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42065"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42057"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42058" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42058"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/attribution/">Attribution</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42059" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42059"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/drought/">Drought</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42060" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42060"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/el-nino/">El Niño</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42061" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42061"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/floods/">Floods</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42062" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42062"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/heatwaves/">Heatwaves</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42063" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42063"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/storms/">Storms</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42064" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42064"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/wildfires/">Wildfires</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42066" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42066"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/">Ice</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42067" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42067"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/antarctic/">Antarctic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42068" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42068"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/arctic/">Arctic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42069" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42069"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/glaciers/">Glaciers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42070" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42070"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/sea-ice/">Sea ice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42071" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42071"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42076" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42076"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/">Oceans</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42077" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42077"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/marine-life/">Marine life</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42078" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42078"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-acidification/">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42079" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42079"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-warming/">Ocean warming</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42080" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42080"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/sea-level-rise/">Sea level rise</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42081" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42081"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/">People</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42086" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42086"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/human-security/">Human security</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42082" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42082"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-health/">Public health</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42083" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42083"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-opinion/">Public opinion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42084" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42084"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/risk-and-adaptation/">Risk and adaptation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42085" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42085"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/science-communication/">Science communication</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42087" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42087"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/">Temperature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42088" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42088"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/hiatus/">Hiatus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42089" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42089"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/1-5c/">1.5C</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42090" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42090"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/carbon-budgets/">Carbon budgets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42091" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42091"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/climate-sensitivity/">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42094" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42094"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/geoengineering/">Geoengineering</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42092" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42092"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/ghgs-and-aerosols/">GHGs and aerosols</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42093" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42093"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/global-temperature/">Global temperature</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42095" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42095"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/negative-emissions/">Negative emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42096" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42096"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/rest-of-world-temperature/">Rest of world temperature</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42097" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42097"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/tipping-points/">Tipping points</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42098" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42098"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/uk-temperature/">UK temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-south-climate-database/">Global South Climate Database</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42099" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42099"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42100" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42100"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42101" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42101"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42102" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42102"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/eu-emissions/">EU emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42103" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42103"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/global-emissions/">Global emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42105"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/rest-of-world-emissions/">Rest of world emissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42104"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/uk-emissions/">UK emissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42106"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42107" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42107"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42108" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42108"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42109" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42109"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42148" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-42148"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/">Policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42112" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42112"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42113" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42113"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42114" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-41940 current_page_item menu-item-42114"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/" aria-current="page">International policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42115"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42116"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42117" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42117"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42118" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42118"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop21-paris/">COP21 Paris</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42119" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42119"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop22-marrakech/">COP22 Marrakech</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42120" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42120"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop23-bonn/">COP23 Bonn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42121" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42121"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop24-katowice/">COP24 Katowice</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42122" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42122"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop25-madrid/">COP25 Madrid</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42123" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42123"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop26-glasgow/">COP26 Glasgow</a></li> <li id="menu-item-44299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44299"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop27-sharm-el-sheikh/">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</a></li> <li id="menu-item-49675" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49675"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop28-dubai/">COP28 Dubai</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54479" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54479"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42124" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42124"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-51435" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-51435"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/">Nature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-53906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-53906"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/">Nature policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-53907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53907"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/cop16-cali/">COP16 Cali</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-53908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53908"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/food-and-farming/">Food and farming</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/plants-and-forests/">Plants and forests</a></li> <li id="menu-item-53910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53910"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/wildlife/">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42149" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42149"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/">In focus</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-42127" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42127"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42128" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42128"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42129" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42129"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42130" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42130"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42131" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42131"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42132"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42133" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42133"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42134"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42143" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42143"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li id="menu-item-42137" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42137"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-42138" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42138"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/">Daily Brief</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="topSubc visible-lg-inline-block"> <a href="#"><i class="subcIcon"></i> <span>Subscribe</span><i class="lineHover"></i></a> </div> <div class="topSrc"> <a href="#"><i class="srcIcon"></i></a> </div> </nav> <div class="topNL"> <div class="ml-embedded" data-form="o0QGK8"></div>  </div> <div class="offCanvas-menu"> <ul id="mobile-navigation" class="mobile-navigation"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42055"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/">Science</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42065"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/climate-modelling/">Climate modelling</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42057"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/">Extreme weather</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42058"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/attribution/">Attribution</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42059"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/drought/">Drought</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42060"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/el-nino/">El Niño</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42061"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/floods/">Floods</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42062"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/heatwaves/">Heatwaves</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42063"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/storms/">Storms</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42064"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/extreme-weather/wildfires/">Wildfires</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42066"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/">Ice</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42067"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/antarctic/">Antarctic</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42068"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/arctic/">Arctic</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42069"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/glaciers/">Glaciers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42070"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ice/sea-ice/">Sea ice</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42071"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/ipcc/">IPCC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42076"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/">Oceans</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42077"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/marine-life/">Marine life</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42078"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-acidification/">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42079"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/ocean-warming/">Ocean warming</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42080"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/oceans/sea-level-rise/">Sea level rise</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42081"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/">People</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42086"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/human-security/">Human security</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42082"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-health/">Public health</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42083"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/public-opinion/">Public opinion</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42084"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/risk-and-adaptation/">Risk and adaptation</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42085"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/people/science-communication/">Science communication</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42087"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/">Temperature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42088"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/hiatus/">Hiatus</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42089"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/1-5c/">1.5C</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42090"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/carbon-budgets/">Carbon budgets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42091"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/climate-sensitivity/">Climate sensitivity</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42094"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/geoengineering/">Geoengineering</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42092"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/ghgs-and-aerosols/">GHGs and aerosols</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42093"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/global-temperature/">Global temperature</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42095"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/negative-emissions/">Negative emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42096"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/rest-of-world-temperature/">Rest of world temperature</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42097"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/tipping-points/">Tipping points</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42098"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/science/temperature/uk-temperature/">UK temperature</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/global-south-climate-database/">Global South Climate Database</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42099"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/">Energy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42100"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/coal/">Coal</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42101"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42102"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/eu-emissions/">EU emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42103"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/global-emissions/">Global emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42105"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/rest-of-world-emissions/">Rest of world emissions</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42104"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/emissions/uk-emissions/">UK emissions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42106"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/nuclear/">Nuclear</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42107"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/oil-and-gas/">Oil and gas</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42108"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42109"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/energy/technology/">Technology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-page-ancestor current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current-page-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-42148"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/">Policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42112"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/china-policy/">China Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42113"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/eu-policy/">EU policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-41940 current_page_item menu-item-42114"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/international-policy/" aria-current="page">International policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42115"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/rest-of-world-policy/">Rest of world policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42116"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/uk-policy/">UK policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42117"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/">UN climate talks</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42118"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop21-paris/">COP21 Paris</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42119"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop22-marrakech/">COP22 Marrakech</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42120"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop23-bonn/">COP23 Bonn</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42121"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop24-katowice/">COP24 Katowice</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42122"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop25-madrid/">COP25 Madrid</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42123"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop26-glasgow/">COP26 Glasgow</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-44299"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop27-sharm-el-sheikh/">COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-49675"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop28-dubai/">COP28 Dubai</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54479"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42124"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/policy/us-policy/">US Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-51435"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/">Nature</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-53906"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/">Nature policy</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53907"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/nature-policy/cop16-cali/">COP16 Cali</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53908"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/food-and-farming/">Food and farming</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53909"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/plants-and-forests/">Plants and forests</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-53910"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/nature/wildlife/">Wildlife</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-42149"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/">In focus</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42127"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/country-profiles/">Country profiles</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42128"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42129"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/factchecks/">Factchecks</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42130"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/features/">Features</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42131"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/guest-posts/">Guest posts</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42132"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/infographics/">Infographics</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42133"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/interviews/">Interviews</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42134"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/media-analysis/">Media analysis</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42143"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/translations/">Translations</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42137"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-focus/webinars/">Webinars</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-42138"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/daily-brief/">Daily Brief</a></li> </ul> </div> </header>  <script> jQuery(function() { jQuery(".menuID-").addClass("current-menu-item"); jQuery(".menuID-").parent().parent().addClass("menu-item-has-children"); jQuery(".menuID-").parent().parent().addClass("current-menu-parent"); }); </script> <div class="guten-block block-page-title pageTitle-standard block-page-title- bg-subcat" style="background-image:url(https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/in-focus-header.jpeg);""> <div class="container"> <div class="row breadcrumbs-container"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="text-body-xs">   </p> </div> </div> <div class="row content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-lg-12"> <div class="std-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-xl">International policy</p> <ul class="sub-cat-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <span class="prev"><i class="fas fa-chevron-left"></i></span> <span class="next"><i class="fas fa-chevron-right"></i></span> </div> </div> </div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery(window).on("resize load", function() { if (jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").get(0).scrollWidth > jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").width()) { jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").closest(".pageTitle-standard").addClass("hScroll"); } else { jQuery(".block-page-title .sub-cat-list").closest(".pageTitle-standard").removeClass("hScroll"); } }).resize(); jQuery(function() { jQuery('.hScroll .next').click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); jQuery('.sub-cat-list').animate({ scrollLeft: "+=100px" }, "fast"); }); jQuery('.hScroll .prev').click(function(event) { event.preventDefault(); jQuery('.sub-cat-list').animate({ scrollLeft: "-=100px" }, "fast"); }); }); }); </script>    <div class="container-fluid noPadd"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 text-right sameHeight leftPer"> <div class="ePostC topCatSub"> <div class="topTitleC"><strong>LATEST IN</strong> INTERNATIONAL POLICY</div> <hr />  <div class="esubBox " data-postid="55227"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2YNR5MG-1-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="(L-R) Tánaiste and Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin, Sinn Féin leader Mary Lou McDonald and Taoiseach and Fine Gael leader Simon Harris during the final TV leaders' debate ahead of the general election on 29 November." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/ireland-election-2024-what-the-manifestos-say-on-climate-change-and-energy/">Ireland election 2024: What the manifestos say on climate change and energy </a></h3> <p> On 29 November, Ireland will hold its first general election since before the Covid-19 pandemic. Voters will elect new Teachtaí Dála – membe... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/ireland-election-2024-what-the-manifestos-say-on-climate-change-and-energy/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | Nov 27. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="54968"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/2X2HH7B-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="A sculpture titled "Giant Plastic Tap" by Canadian artist Benjamin Von Wong." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/five-charts-why-a-un-plastics-treaty-matters-for-climate-change/">Five charts: Why a UN plastics treaty matters for climate change</a></h3> <p> A global treaty on plastics, which is being touted as the most important environmental treaty since the 2015 Paris Agreement, is set to be negotiated... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/five-charts-why-a-un-plastics-treaty-matters-for-climate-change/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | Nov 25. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="54898"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/EN5EFE-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Financial district skyline, Shanghai, China. Credit: Sean Pavone / Alamy Stock Photo. Image ID: EN5EFE." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-emissions-have-now-caused-more-global-warming-than-eu/">Analysis: China’s emissions have now caused more global warming than EU</a></h3> <p> China’s historical emissions within its borders have now caused more global warming than the 27 member states of the EU combined, according to new ... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-chinas-emissions-have-now-caused-more-global-warming-than-eu/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/emissions/">Emissions</a> | Nov 19. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="54269"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/F5BXGY-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Baku, Azerbaijan." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-cop29-host-azerbaijan-could-boost-growth-through-climate-action/">Guest post: How COP29 host Azerbaijan could boost growth through climate action</a></h3> <p> Azerbaijan’s economy is highly dependent on fossil-fuel exports, making its economic prospects vulnerable to rising emissions-cutting ambition arou... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-how-cop29-host-azerbaijan-could-boost-growth-through-climate-action/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/un-climate-talks/cop29-baku/">COP29 Baku</a> | Nov 1. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="54104"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2XFR0GJ-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="A solar park in front of a decommissioned lignite-fired power plant in Germany." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-solar-surge-will-send-coal-power-tumbling-by-2030-iea-data-reveals/">Analysis: Solar surge will send coal power tumbling by 2030, IEA data reveals</a></h3> <p> Global electricity generation from solar will quadruple by 2030 and help to push coal power into reverse, according to Carbon Brief analysis of data ... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-solar-surge-will-send-coal-power-tumbling-by-2030-iea-data-reveals/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/renewables/">Renewables</a> | Oct 18. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="52887"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/RK7WTP-1-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Shed painted with mural of a Maori legend, North Island, New Zealand." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/study-offers-new-policy-tool-for-considering-indigenous-climate-justice/">Study offers new policy tool for considering ‘Indigenous climate justice’</a></h3> <p> Addressing climate justice calls for a “fundamental, decolonial constitutional change”, according to a new study published in Climate Policy. ... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/study-offers-new-policy-tool-for-considering-indigenous-climate-justice/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | Jul 26. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="52696"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/AHR9N2-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="A power plant along route 95 in New Jersey." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-tracking-g7-climate-progress-with-data-from-116095-power-plants/">Guest post: Tracking G7 climate progress with data from 116,095 power plants</a></h3> <p> Expanding and decarbonising the world’s electricity supplies is key to meeting global climate goals – and this has been reflected in a serie... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/guest-post-tracking-g7-climate-progress-with-data-from-116095-power-plants/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | Jul 15. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="51899"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2H5TFNK-1-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Protest inside the COP26 venue, Glasgow, Scotland, 11 November 2021." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/rich-countries-met-100bn-climate-finance-goal-by-relabelling-existing-aid/">Rich countries met $100bn climate-finance goal by ‘relabelling existing aid’</a></h3> <p> Billions of dollars of foreign aid have been reclassified as “climate finance”, thereby helping rich countries to meet a long-overdue target, acc... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/rich-countries-met-100bn-climate-finance-goal-by-relabelling-existing-aid/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | May 30. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="51762"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2MKPJ2M-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="Members of the ANC gather at the Moses Mabhida stadium in Durban, South Africa, 12 January 2019." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/south-africa-election-2024-what-the-manifestos-say-on-energy-and-climate/">South Africa election 2024: What the manifestos say on energy and climate</a></h3> <p> Nearly 28 million South African registered voters will go to the polls on 29 May to elect more than 800 representatives to the national assembly and ... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/south-africa-election-2024-what-the-manifestos-say-on-energy-and-climate/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | May 22. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="51732"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2RECE95-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="War-damaged solar panels in Blahodatne village, Ukraine." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/experts-what-are-the-biggest-geopolitical-risks-to-climate-action-in-2024/">Experts: What are the biggest geopolitical risks to climate action in 2024? </a></h3> <p> In 2024, the world is facing one of the most volatile geopolitical outlooks in decades.  More than 50 countries, accounting for half of the g... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/experts-what-are-the-biggest-geopolitical-risks-to-climate-action-in-2024/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | May 20. 2024. </div> </div> </div>   <div class="esubBox " data-postid="51662"> <span> <img width="583" height="372" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/2PTYC7E-583x372.jpg" class="attachment-583x372 size-583x372 wp-post-image" alt="A woman cooking over a fire in Mali, West Africa." decoding="async" loading="lazy" /> </span> <div class="esubDtls"> <h3><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/clean-cooking-what-new-global-pledge-means-for-climate-nature-and-gender-goals/">Clean cooking: What new global pledge means for climate, nature and gender goals</a></h3> <p> World leaders gathered in Paris this week to pledge to make 2024 the “pivotal year” for improving access to clean cooking. At an International... <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/clean-cooking-what-new-global-pledge-means-for-climate-nature-and-gender-goals/" class="normalLink">Read More</a></p> <div class="catDate"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | May 16. 2024. </div> </div> </div>  <div id="loadcontainer"></div> <input type="hidden" value="" name="term" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="user" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="63" name="topic" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="mf" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="mt" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="yf" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="" name="yt" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="1" name="currpage" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="12" name="offset" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="12" name="items" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="large" name="layout" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="loadmore" name="action" class="searchsummary" /> <input type="hidden" value="false" name="allowsorting" class="searchsummary" />   <div class="col-md-12 text-center moreSrc"> <a href="#" class="loadMore"><i class="moreIcon"></i></a> <h5>Load Older</h5> <h6>or</h6> <form method="get" action="https://www.carbonbrief.org/search/"> <div class="searchBtm"> <input type="submit" class="magniIcon" /> <input type="hidden" value="63" name="topic" /> <input name="term" class="s" type="text" placeholder="Search for articles by keyword" /> <input type="submit" /> </div> </form> </div> </div>   <div class="block-newsletter static-template block-newsletter-67475c618bf59"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="title">Expert analysis direct to your inbox.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 hidden-xs"> <p class="body" style="padding-top: 0.5em">Get a round-up of all the important articles and papers selected by Carbon Brief by email. Find out more about our newsletters <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up" style="text-decoration: underline;">here</a>.</p> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 visible-xs-block"> <p class="body" style="padding-top: 0.5em">Get a round-up of all the important articles and papers selected by Carbon Brief by email. Find out more about our newsletters <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up" style="text-decoration: underline;">here</a>.</p> </div> <div class="ml-embedded" data-form="W0jlyL"></div> </div>   </div> </div> <script> (function($) { // Daily brief, signup form switcher jQuery(".block-newsletter-67475c618bf59 #brief-type-block").change(function() { var dailyURL = "https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefDailyBriefing/add_subscriber"; var weeklyURL = "https://www.getrevue.co/profile/CarbonBriefWeeklyBriefing/add_subscriber"; var action = jQuery(this).val() == "daily" ? dailyURL : weeklyURL; jQuery(".block-newsletter-67475c618bf59 #revueForm-block").attr("action", action); }); })(jQuery); </script>   </div> <div class="col-md-4 rightGrey sameHeight rightPer">  <div class="block-popular-articles guten-block block-newsletter-67475c618bf59 "> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <p class="text-header-l text-bold title"> POPULAR IN INTERNATIONAL POLICY </p> </div> </div> <div class="row popular-posts"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/paris-2015-tracking-country-climate-pledges/"><img width="270" height="180" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-270x180.jpg" class="attachment-medlisting size-medlisting wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-270x180.jpg 270w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-107x71.jpg 107w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-200x133.jpg 200w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero-420x280.jpg 420w, https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/paris-pledge-tracker-hero.jpg 1550w" sizes="(max-width: 270px) 100vw, 270px" /></a> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/paris-2015-tracking-country-climate-pledges/">Paris 2015: Tracking country climate pledges</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/un-climate-talks/paris-2015/">COP21 Paris</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">16.09.15</p> </div> </div>  <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/coronavirus-tracking-how-the-worlds-green-recovery-plans-aim-to-cut-emissions/">Coronavirus: Tracking how the world’s ‘green recovery’ plans aim to cut emissions</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">16.06.20</p> </div> </div> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/mapped-climate-change-laws-around-world/">Mapped: Climate change laws around the world</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/international-policy/">International policy</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">11.05.17</p> </div> </div> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-q-and-a-how-article-6-carbon-markets-could-make-or-break-the-paris-agreement/">In-depth Q&A: How ‘Article 6’ carbon markets could ‘make or break’ the Paris Agreement</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/explainers/">Explainers</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">29.11.19</p> </div> </div> <div class="pp-wrapper"> <p class="text-header-s"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-the-paris-agreement-on-climate-change/">Interactive: The Paris Agreement on climate change</a></p> <div class="meta-info d-flex justify-content-start align-items-center"> <p class="text-tag-s d-none"> <a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/un-climate-talks/paris-2015/">COP21 Paris</a> | </p> <span class="pipe-spacer d-none">|</span> <p class="text-tag-meta">18.12.15</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { jQuery('.wpp-list .text-tag-s a').parent().children().not(':first-child').remove(); var div = jQuery('.wpp-list .text-tag-s'); div.html(div.html().replace(/\,/g, '')); }); </script> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  <footer> <div class="container"> <div class="backTop"> <a href="#topBack"><i class="backTop"></i></a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-5"> <div class="ftrLogo"><img src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/images/logoFtr.png" alt="" /></div> <p>Published under a <a target="_blank" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode">CC license</a>. You are welcome to reproduce unadapted material in full for non-commercial use, credited ‘Carbon Brief’ with a link to the article. Please contact us for commercial use.</p> </div> <div class="col-md-7"> <div class="eFtr secBtm"> <h4>SECTIONS</h4> <div class="menu-footer-menu-1-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-1" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-14716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14716 menuID-1"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/science/">Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14718" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14718 menuID-2"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/energy/">Energy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor menu-item-14717 menuID-3"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/policy/">Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14719" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-14719 menuID-4"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/category/in-focus/">In Focus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41770" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41770"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/china-briefing/">China Briefing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41769" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41769"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cropped/">Cropped</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="eFtr aboutBtm"> <h4>ABOUT</h4> <div class="menu-footer-menu-2-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-2" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-47078" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-47078"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/about-us/">About us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14723" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14723"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-48260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-48260"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/newsletter-sign-up/">Newsletters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14721" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14721"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/privacy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-14720"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/cookies/">Cookie Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-36807" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36807"><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/comments-policy/">Comments Policy</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div class="eFtr smBtm"> <h4>SOCIAL</h4> <div class="menu-footer-menu-3-container"><ul id="menu-footer-menu-3" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-55242" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-55242"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:2d6kuvaoa7qi6bq5cwq4isee">BlueSky</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41823" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-41823"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/CarbonBrief">Twitter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14725" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14725"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/carbon-brief/">LinkedIn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-28447" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-28447"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief">Instagram</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14726" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14726"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg">YouTube</a></li> <li id="menu-item-14724" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14724"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief">Facebook</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ftrSM"> <a href="https://twitter.com/CarbonBrief" target="_blank"><i class="fsmTwtr"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/carbonbrief" target="_blank"><i class="fsmFB"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/carbonbrief" target="_blank"><i class="fsmInst"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiXgvmQ2jUgUjRpJzvga5Tg" target="_blank"><i class="fsmYT"></i></a> </div> <hr /> <div class="container ftrBtm"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8" style="color: white">Published by Carbon Brief Ltd © <span>2024</span> - Company No. 07222041</div> </div> </div> </footer>  <script type="text/javascript"> var currentPageLink = 'https://www.carbonbrief.org/interactive-the-paris-agreement-on-climate-change/'; </script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.1.11.3.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/Autolinker.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/owl.carousel.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/moment.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/slick.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.matchHeight.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.webticker.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/general.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/bootstrap-datepicker.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/jquery.fullsizable.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/screenfull.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/twitter.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> window.twttr = (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], t = window.twttr || {}; if (d.getElementById(id)) return t; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); t._e = []; t.ready = function(f) { t._e.push(f); }; return t; }(document, "script", "twitter-wjs")); </script> <script> window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: '825336777587820', xfbml: true, version: 'v2.4' }); }; (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { // $.get( "http://graph.facebook.com/?id="+window.location.href, function( data ) { // if(data.shares > 0) { // $('.shareCount').html('<i class="shareTopIcon"></i> '+data.shares+' Social shares'); // }; // }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=2810c76e705dd1a53b18" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="swv-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="contact-form-7-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7 = {"api":{"root":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-json\/","namespace":"contact-form-7\/v1"},"cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ppress-frontend-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"3db0fed0b9","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=4.15.13" id="ppress-frontend-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/menu.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-menu-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js?ver=f77871ff7694fffea381" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-a11y-js-translations"> /* <![CDATA[ */ ( function( domain, translations ) { var localeData = translations.locale_data[ domain ] || translations.locale_data.messages; localeData[""].domain = domain; wp.i18n.setLocaleData( localeData, domain ); } )( "default", {"translation-revision-date":"2024-07-09 16:06:37+0000","generator":"GlotPress\/4.0.1","domain":"messages","locale_data":{"messages":{"":{"domain":"messages","plural-forms":"nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;","lang":"en_GB"},"Notifications":["Notifications"]}},"comment":{"reference":"wp-includes\/js\/dist\/a11y.js"}} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js?ver=d90eebea464f6c09bfd5" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/autocomplete.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-autocomplete-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="my_search-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var UserSearch = {"url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/themes/carbonbrief/js/search.js" id="my_search-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LdnL6IUAAAAAABqRBs9TKUDXXRCcAccPz4OadVi&ver=3.0" id="google-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js?ver=3.15.0" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wpcf7_recaptcha = {"sitekey":"6LdnL6IUAAAAAABqRBs9TKUDXXRCcAccPz4OadVi","actions":{"homepage":"homepage","contactform":"contactform"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/modules/recaptcha/index.js?ver=5.9.8" id="wpcf7-recaptcha-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var SF_LDATA = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","home_url":"https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/","extensions":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/js/search-filter-build.min.js?ver=2.5.11" id="search-filter-plugin-build-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-content/plugins/search-filter-pro/public/assets/js/chosen.jquery.min.js?ver=2.5.11" id="search-filter-plugin-chosen-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.carbonbrief.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> </body> </html>