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document.querySelector(".afd-header-main__container"); var body = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]; if (headerMobile) body.classList.add('afd-body-padding'); </script><div class='afd-container-main--margin-bottom nrd-mobile--margin-top' id='content'><div id='main' class="afd-container-main afd-container-main--flex"> <div class="afd-main-content"> <ol itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="afd-breadcrumbs afd-relativeposition afd-container-padding--m"> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="afd-breadcrumbs__item"> <a itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item" href="/" itemid="/"> <span itemprop="name">ArchDaily</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="1" /> </li> <li itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ListItem" class="afd-breadcrumbs__item"> <a itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing" itemprop="item" href="architecture" itemid="architecture"> <span itemprop="name">Architecture</span> </a> <meta itemprop="position" content="2" /> </li> </ol><h1 class='afd-title-big afd-title-big--bmargin-big afd-mobile-margin'>Architecture: The Latest Architecture and News</h1><div class='afd-specs'><button class='afd-btn' data-follow-label='Follow Tag' data-follow-slug='architecture' data-follow-type='tag' data-following-label='Following Tag' data-insights-category='follow' data-insights-label='tag' data-insights-value='architecture' data-unfollow-label='Unfollow Tag'>•••</button></div><p class='afd-search-description afd-mobile-margin'></p><div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027117/celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26"><span itemprop='name'>Celebrating Excellence in Brick Architecture: Submit Your Project for the Brick Award 26!</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-25' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-25T11:45:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-25T11:45:00+00:00">February 25</time></span><span> | </span><span>Sponsored Content</span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47 { --featured-height: 580px; aspect-ratio: auto 435 / 580; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027117/celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 768px)' srcset='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b5/fb99/cd9a/d701/88b4/ae47/medium_jpg/showcase-your-vision-how-the-brick-award-26-recognizes-architectural-creativity_17.jpg?1739979740'><img alt='Celebrating Excellence in Brick Architecture: Submit Your Project for the Brick Award 26! - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47' fetchpriority='high' height='580' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027117/celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26/67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47-celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26-image' src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b5/fb99/cd9a/d701/88b4/ae47/medium_jpg/showcase-your-vision-how-the-brick-award-26-recognizes-architectural-creativity_17.jpg?1739979740' style='min-height: var(--featured-height, auto); aspect-ratio: auto 435 / 580' width='435'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b5fb99cd9ad70188b4ae47'>Types of Spaces - Spain | Architects: HANGHAR, Madrid, Spain; PALMA, Mexico City, Mexico. Image Courtesy of Weinberger</figcaption><i class='figcaption-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p>The Brick Award is presented every two years to honor innovative, sustainable, and visionary brick architecture worldwide. The upcoming Brick Award 26 will be celebrated in June 2026. Architects, designers, and developers are encouraged to submit projects that showcase creativity and functionality using clay building materials. This prestigious award recognizes excellence across various categories and offers a global platform to highlight the versatility and potential of bricks in contemporary architecture. Submissions for the Brick Award 26 are open until March 9, 2025, offering a unique chance for international recognition. Participation does not require <a href="https://www.wienerberger.com/de.html?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the use of wienerberger products</a>.</p></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027117/celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Rene Submissions</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b5/fb99/cd9a/d701/88b4/ae47/medium_jpg/showcase-your-vision-how-the-brick-award-26-recognizes-architectural-creativity_17.jpg?1739979740' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Celebrating Excellence in Brick Architecture: Submit Your Project for the Brick Award 26!' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027117/celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Celebrating Excellence in Brick Architecture: Submit Your Project for the Brick Award 26!" href="/1027117/celebrating-excellence-in-brick-architecture-submit-your-project-for-the-brick-award-26">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-25' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-25T11:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-25T11:30:00+00:00">February 25</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24 { --featured-height: 426px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 426; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/0368/8121/fa01/89ca/7c24/slideshow/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440468&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/0368/8121/fa01/89ca/7c24/slideshow/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440468&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/0368/8121/fa01/89ca/7c24/slideshow/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440468&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/0368/8121/fa01/89ca/7c24/slideshow/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440468&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24'>Multiform by Gabriel Fontana, 2019. Image © Iris Rijskamp</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-start="132" data-end="878">Nieuwe Instituut, the national museum and institute for architecture, design, and digital culture in <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/country/the-netherlands" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Netherlands</a>, has announced the theme for the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/dutch-pavilion" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dutch Pavilion</a> at the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/venice-architecture-biennale-2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2025 Venice Architecture Biennale</a>. This year, the Giardini pavilion designed by <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/gerrit-rietveld" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gerrit Rietveld</a> in 1953 will be transformed into a sports bar. Titled "SIDELINED: A Space to Rethink Togetherness", the exhibition was curated by <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/amanda-pinatih">Amanda Pinatih</a>, Design & Contemporary Art Curator at the Stedelijk Museum in <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/city/amsterdam" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Amsterdam</a>, in collaboration with social designer <a href="https://www.gabrielfontana.com/en?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gabriel Fontana</a>. Through a <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/queer-architecture" target="_blank" rel="noopener">queer lens</a>, the project examines sport as an architectural system that regulates spaces, bodies, and behavior, offering an alternative perspective on societal norms related to <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/gender" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gender</a>, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/identity" target="_blank" rel="noopener">identity</a>, and group dynamics.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bd038038478a0189cd2b4d' href='/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd038038478a0189cd2b4d-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bd038038478a0189cd2b4d' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/0380/3847/8a01/89cd/2b4d/thumb_jpg/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440461' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd038038478a0189cd2b4d-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Curator Amanda Pinatih . Image © Elizar Veerman' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bd037f38478a0189cd2b4c' href='/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd037f38478a0189cd2b4c-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bd037f38478a0189cd2b4c' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/037f/3847/8a01/89cd/2b4c/thumb_jpg/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_2.jpg?1740440459' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd037f38478a0189cd2b4c-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Designer Gabriel Fontana. Image © Elizar Veerman' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bd038338478a0189cd2b4e' href='/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd038338478a0189cd2b4e-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bd038338478a0189cd2b4e' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/0383/3847/8a01/89cd/2b4e/thumb_jpg/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_3.jpg?1740440464' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd038338478a0189cd2b4e-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Amanda Pinatih and Gabriel Fontana . Image © Elizar Veerman' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bd037e38478a0189cd2b4b' href='/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd037e38478a0189cd2b4b-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bd037e38478a0189cd2b4b' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/037e/3847/8a01/89cd/2b4b/thumb_jpg/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_4.jpg?1740440457' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd037e38478a0189cd2b4b-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Koos Breen and Jeannette Slütter. Image © Elizar Veerman' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens/67bd03688121fa0189ca7c24-netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens-photo'><img alt='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/0368/8121/fa01/89ca/7c24/newsletter/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440468' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Antonia Piñeiro</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/0368/8121/fa01/89ca/7c24/medium_jpg/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens_1.jpg?1740440468' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Netherlands Pavilion at 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Reimagines the Sports Bar Through a Queer Lens" href="/1027338/netherlands-pavilion-at-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-reimagines-the-sports-bar-through-a-queer-lens?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027346/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt"><span itemprop='name'>Gensler Unveils Plans for Al-Ahly Football Club’s First Home in Egypt</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-25' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-25T10:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-25T10:30:00+00:00">February 25</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9 { --featured-height: 427px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 427; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027346/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/92fc/8121/fa01/89ca/7da9/slideshow/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt_3.jpg?1740477195&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/92fc/8121/fa01/89ca/7da9/slideshow/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt_3.jpg?1740477195&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/92fc/8121/fa01/89ca/7da9/slideshow/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt_3.jpg?1740477195&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Gensler Unveils Plans for Al-Ahly Football Club’s First Home in Egypt - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9' fetchpriority='high' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027346/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt/67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9-gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt-image' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bd/92fc/8121/fa01/89ca/7da9/slideshow/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt_3.jpg?1740477195&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bd92fc8121fa0189ca7da9'>Courtesy of Gensler</figcaption><i class='figcaption-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-pm-slice="1 1 []"><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/gensler">Gensler</a>, in collaboration with El Qalaa El Hamraa and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/buro-happold">Buro Happold</a>, has revealed plans for a new stadium dedicated to Al-Ahly Football Club, a team widely recognized for its prominence in African and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/middle-east">Middle Eastern</a> football. The project, more than three decades in the making, envisions a state-of-the-art venue designed not only for football matches but also as a national landmark capable of hosting large-scale events, setting a new standard for sports architecture in the region.</p></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027346/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Nour Fakharany</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bd/92fc/8121/fa01/89ca/7da9/medium_jpg/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt_3.jpg?1740477195' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Gensler Unveils Plans for Al-Ahly Football Club’s First Home in Egypt' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027346/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Gensler Unveils Plans for Al-Ahly Football Club’s First Home in Egypt" href="/1027346/gensler-unveils-plans-for-al-ahly-football-clubs-first-home-in-egypt">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_subject newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states"><span itemprop='name'>Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-25' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-25T10:00:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-25T10:00:00+00:00">February 25</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6d52d4348720186d3d520 { --featured-height: 459px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 459; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6d52d4348720186d3d520 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6d52d4348720186d3d520' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6d52d4348720186d3d520'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/d52d/4348/7201/86d3/d520/slideshow/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_5.jpg?1740035380&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/d52d/4348/7201/86d3/d520/slideshow/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_5.jpg?1740035380&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/d52d/4348/7201/86d3/d520/slideshow/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_5.jpg?1740035380&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52d4348720186d3d520' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52d4348720186d3d520-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/d52d/4348/7201/86d3/d520/slideshow/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_5.jpg?1740035380&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6d52d4348720186d3d520'>Weaver Building. Image © Ty Cole for "Capital Brutalism" Exhibition</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/brutalism" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brutalist </a>architecture in the United States is a monument to collective postwar optimism and reassurance that the city and federal governments are in authority. Conceived as an embodiment of strength and efficiency, Brutalist structures were quickly adopted for the architectural language of civic and governmental institutions in the mid-to-late twentieth century in the United States. Towering monoliths of raw concrete rose across the nation, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/519027/what-can-be-learnt-from-the-smithsons-new-brutalism-in-2014?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_articles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">projecting an image of institutional permanence while simultaneously provoking debate over their social and psychological impact.</a></p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52ccd9ad70188b4b25f' href='/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52ccd9ad70188b4b25f-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52ccd9ad70188b4b25f' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/d52c/cd9a/d701/88b4/b25f/thumb_jpg/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_3.jpg?1740035377' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52ccd9ad70188b4b25f-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Weaver Building. Image © Ty Cole for "Capital Brutalism" Exhibition' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d4d8cd9ad70188b4b25d' href='/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d4d8cd9ad70188b4b25d-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d4d8cd9ad70188b4b25d' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/d4d8/cd9a/d701/88b4/b25d/thumb_jpg/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_2.jpg?1740035298' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d4d8cd9ad70188b4b25d-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Lindemann Building Lower Courtyard. Image via Wikipedia under license CC BY-SA 4.0' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52dcd9ad70188b4b260' href='/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52dcd9ad70188b4b260-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52dcd9ad70188b4b260' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/d52d/cd9a/d701/88b4/b260/thumb_jpg/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_1.jpg?1740035379' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52dcd9ad70188b4b260-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='FBI Building. Image © Ty Cole for "Capital Brutalism" Exhibition' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52ecd9ad70188b4b261' href='/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52ecd9ad70188b4b261-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b6d52ecd9ad70188b4b261' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/d52e/cd9a/d701/88b4/b261/thumb_jpg/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_2.jpg?1740035380' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52ecd9ad70188b4b261-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Forrestal Building. Image © Ty Cole for "Capital Brutalism" Exhibition' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states/67b6d52d4348720186d3d520-brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states-photo'><img alt='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/d52d/4348/7201/86d3/d520/newsletter/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_5.jpg?1740035380' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 7</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Olivia Poston</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/d52d/4348/7201/86d3/d520/medium_jpg/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states_5.jpg?1740035380' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Brutalism and Bureaucracy: An Architectural Language of Authority in the Postwar United States" href="/1027169/brutalism-and-bureaucracy-an-architectural-language-of-authority-in-the-postwar-united-states">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027072/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize"><span itemprop='name'>Who Should Win the 2025 Pritzker Prize?</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-25' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-25T09:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-25T09:30:00+00:00">February 25</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b48e787f818d0188daadde { --featured-height: 389px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 389; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b48e787f818d0188daadde { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b48e787f818d0188daadde' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b48e787f818d0188daadde'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027072/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 768px)' srcset='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/8e78/7f81/8d01/88da/adde/medium_jpg/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize_1.jpg?1739886208'><img alt='Who Should Win the 2025 Pritzker Prize? - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b48e787f818d0188daadde' fetchpriority='high' height='389' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027072/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize/67b48e787f818d0188daadde-who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize-image' src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/8e78/7f81/8d01/88da/adde/newsletter/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize_1.jpg?1739886208' style='min-height: var(--featured-height, auto); aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 389' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b48e787f818d0188daadde'></figcaption><i class='figcaption-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-start="223" data-end="674">With the Hyatt Foundation set to reveal the 2025 <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/pritzker-prize">Pritzker Prize</a> winner on <em><strong>March 4 at 9 AM EST</strong></em>, speculation is growing over which architect—or architects—will receive the most prestigious award in architecture. Established in 1979, the Pritzker <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/architecture">Architecture</a> Prize is widely regarded as "<a href="https://www.pritzkerprize.com/about?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the profession's highest honor</a>," recognizing living architects whose work has made a profound impact on humanity and the built environment.</p></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027072/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>ArchDaily Team</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/8e78/7f81/8d01/88da/adde/medium_jpg/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize_1.jpg?1739886208' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Who Should Win the 2025 Pritzker Prize?' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027072/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Who Should Win the 2025 Pritzker Prize?" href="/1027072/who-should-win-the-2025-pritzker-prize">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer"><span itemprop='name'>A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-25' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-25T09:00:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-25T09:00:00+00:00">February 25</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content legacy-index' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67afe3f35886680189c74493 { --featured-height: 427px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 427; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67afe3f35886680189c74493 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67afe3f35886680189c74493' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67afe3f35886680189c74493'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 768px)' srcset='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e3f3/5886/6801/89c7/4493/medium_jpg/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_38.jpg?1739580431'><img alt='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67afe3f35886680189c74493' fetchpriority='high' height='427' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe3f35886680189c74493-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e3f3/5886/6801/89c7/4493/newsletter/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_38.jpg?1739580431' style='min-height: var(--featured-height, auto); aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 427' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67afe3f35886680189c74493'>Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer © Donatas Dabravolskas via Wikipedia under CC BY-SA 4.0 license</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p>Located on the top of the Boa Viagem viewpoint in the city of Niterói, the Niterói <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/contemporary-art">Contemporary Art</a> Museum - MAC was designed by architect <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/oscar-niemeyer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Oscar Niemeyer</a>. Inaugurated in 1996, it is a modern architectural masterpiece dedicated to housing a collection of Brazilian contemporary art from the 1960s to the 1990s. Rising above the cliff like a lighthouse, it appears to float in the air, resting on a water basin. Facing Rio de Janeiro’s Guanabara Bay in <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/country/brazil" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Brazil</a>, its circular lines and revolutionary double-curved form stand out on the horizon, offering an open plaza of 2,500 square meters alongside a reflective pool that gives the structure a remarkable sense of lightness.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67afe3855886680189c7448e' href='/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe3855886680189c7448e-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer - Imagem 1 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67afe3855886680189c7448e' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e385/5886/6801/89c7/448e/thumb_jpg/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_36.jpg?1739580322' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe3855886680189c7448e-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer © Donatas Dabravolskas via Wikipedia under CC BY-SA 4.0 license' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='5b42c226f197cc28d2000360' href='/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/5b42c226f197cc28d2000360-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer - Imagem 2 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='5b42c226f197cc28d2000360' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5b42/c226/f197/cc28/d200/0360/thumb_jpg/IMG_1145.jpg?1531101723' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/5b42c226f197cc28d2000360-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer © Carolina Gutiérrez' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67afe5205886680189c744a3' href='/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe5205886680189c744a3-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer - Imagem 3 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67afe5205886680189c744a3' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e520/5886/6801/89c7/44a3/thumb_jpg/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_44.jpg?1739580731' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe5205886680189c744a3-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer © Donatas Dabravolskas via Wikipedia under CC BY-SA 4.0 license' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67afe49e5886680189c7449d' href='/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe49e5886680189c7449d-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer - Imagem 4 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67afe49e5886680189c7449d' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e49e/5886/6801/89c7/449d/thumb_jpg/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_41.jpg?1739580612' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe49e5886680189c7449d-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer © Michael McKinley via Wikipedia under CC BY-SA 4.0 license' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer/67afe3f35886680189c74493-a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer-photo'><img alt='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e3f3/5886/6801/89c7/4493/newsletter/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_38.jpg?1739580431' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 33</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Agustina Iñiguez</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67af/e3f3/5886/6801/89c7/4493/medium_jpg/clasicos-de-arquitectura-museo-de-arte-contemporaneo-niteroi-mac-oscar-niemeyer_38.jpg?1739580431' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="A Lighthouse in Rio de Janeiro's Landscape: the Niterói Contemporary Art Museum by Oscar Niemeyer" href="/1027132/a-lighthouse-in-rio-de-janeiros-landscape-the-niteroi-contemporary-art-museum-by-oscar-niemeyer">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_subject newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales"><span itemprop='name'>How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-24' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-24T12:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-24T12:30:00+00:00">February 24</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb { --featured-height: 580px; aspect-ratio: auto 504 / 580; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b9/2951/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffb/slideshow/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187989&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b9/2951/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffb/slideshow/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187989&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b9/2951/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffb/slideshow/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187989&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b9/2951/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffb/slideshow/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187989&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb'>Sainsbury Laboratory / Stanton Williams. Image © Hufton+Crow</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p>The synergetic relationship between architectural design and scientific discovery tends to be rarely addressed, yet a lucrative proposition. The built environment holds immense potential in supporting research breakthroughs and innovation and the scientific community. The influence extends beyond physical spaces to include both internal dynamics and external engagement through strategic design interventions that <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/976668/design-at-all-scales-getting-to-know-metro-arquitetos-work" target="_blank" rel="noopener">connect various caches of impact</a>, from individual researchers to the broader community. </p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff7' href='/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff7-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales - Imagem 1 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff7' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b9/2934/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ff7/thumb_jpg/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187974' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff7-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Barbara and Gerson Bakar Research and Academic Building / HGA, Snøhetta and Hensel Phelps. Image Courtesy of HKS' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b929412fe1ca0189a55ff9' href='/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929412fe1ca0189a55ff9-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales - Imagem 2 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b929412fe1ca0189a55ff9' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b9/2941/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ff9/thumb_jpg/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187977' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929412fe1ca0189a55ff9-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='German Cancer Research Centre / Heinle, Wischer und Partner. Image © Brigida González' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff8' href='/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff8-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales - Imagem 3 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff8' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b9/2934/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ff8/thumb_jpg/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_2.jpg?1740187981' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929342fe1ca0189a55ff8-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Barbara and Gerson Bakar Research and Academic Building / HGA, Snøhetta and Hensel Phelps. Image Courtesy of HKS' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b9294a2fe1ca0189a55ffa' href='/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b9294a2fe1ca0189a55ffa-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales - Imagem 4 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b9294a2fe1ca0189a55ffa' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b9/294a/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffa/thumb_jpg/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187985' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b9294a2fe1ca0189a55ffa-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='CHANGe UP Ground Educational and Research Facilities / POSCO A&C + USD. Image © Namkoong Sun' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales/67b929512fe1ca0189a55ffb-how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales-photo'><img alt='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b9/2951/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffb/medium_jpg/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187989' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 3</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Ankitha Gattupalli</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b9/2951/2fe1/ca01/89a5/5ffb/medium_jpg/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales_1.jpg?1740187989' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales ' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="How Architecture Drives Scientific Discovery: Lab and Research Facility Design Across Scales " href="/1027259/how-architecture-drives-scientific-discovery-lab-and-research-facility-design-across-scales">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-24' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-24T11:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-24T11:30:00+00:00">February 24</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d { --featured-height: 360px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 360; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/slideshow/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/slideshow/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/slideshow/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/slideshow/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d'>Courtesy of ELEMENTAL</figcaption><i class='figcaption-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-start="82" data-end="855">A year after the <a href="https://www.archdaily.cl/cl/tag/incendio-en-vina-del-mar" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Viña del Mar mega-fire</a> in Chile and with <a href="https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-de-valparaiso/2025/01/30/la-reconstruccion-se-estimaba-en-2-anos-delegado-de-valparaiso-a-casi-un-ano-del-megaincendio.shtml?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reconstruction efforts progressing at just 26%</a>, the architecture firm <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/elemental" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ELEMENTAL</a> and local authorities have begun construction on a <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/prefabrication" target="_blank" rel="noopener">prefabricated</a> housing project in one of the residential neighborhoods most affected by the disaster. The project consists of a mid-density residential building with a <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/modular/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">modular</a> steel structure, intended as a starting point for similar initiatives in response to what is now considered one of the most catastrophic events in <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/country/chile" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Chile</a>'s recent history. As stated by <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/alejandro-aravena" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Alejandro Aravena</a> and the city's mayor, Macarena Ripamonti, the goal is for the technology and management model behind this project to set a precedent for delivering rapid and permanent <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/housing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">housing</a> solutions in <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/emergency-architecture" target="_blank" rel="noopener">emergency situations</a>.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9efe2971d4018881c1ce' href='/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9efe2971d4018881c1ce-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9efe2971d4018881c1ce' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ba/9efe/2971/d401/8881/c1ce/thumb_jpg/elemental_9.jpg?1740283654' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9efe2971d4018881c1ce-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Courtesy of ELEMENTAL' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607f' href='/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607f-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607f' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ba/9f00/2fe1/ca01/89a5/607f/thumb_jpg/elemental_8.jpg?1740283694' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607f-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Courtesy of ELEMENTAL' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607d' href='/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607d-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607d' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ba/9f00/2fe1/ca01/89a5/607d/thumb_jpg/elemental_7.jpg?1740283693' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9f002fe1ca0189a5607d-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Courtesy of ELEMENTAL' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d' href='/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile - Featured Image' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/thumb_jpg/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Courtesy of ELEMENTAL' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile/67ba9eff2fe1ca5717b5049d-elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile-image'><img alt='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/newsletter/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 19</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Antonia Piñeiro</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ba/9eff/2fe1/ca57/17b5/049d/medium_jpg/elemental_3.jpg?1740283670' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="ELEMENTAL Designs Prefabricated Housing Project for Reconstruction in Viña del Mar, Chile" href="/1027269/elemental-designs-prefabricated-housing-project-for-reconstruction-in-vina-del-mar-chile?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-24' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-24T10:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-24T10:30:00+00:00">February 24</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bba02d2971d4018881c231 { --featured-height: 426px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 426; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bba02d2971d4018881c231 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bba02d2971d4018881c231' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67bba02d2971d4018881c231'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/a02d/2971/d401/8881/c231/slideshow/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349536&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/a02d/2971/d401/8881/c231/slideshow/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349536&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/a02d/2971/d401/8881/c231/slideshow/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349536&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025 - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67bba02d2971d4018881c231' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/67bba02d2971d4018881c231-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/a02d/2971/d401/8881/c231/slideshow/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349536&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bba02d2971d4018881c231'>Jardim de Sequeiro, Instituto Central de Ciências, Universidade de Brasília, Brasil, 2023,. Image © Julio Pastore</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/country/brazil/page/1">Brazil</a> has just announced its participation in the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/venice-architecture-biennale-2025">19th International Architecture Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia</a>, opening on May 10, 2025, with a pavilion curated by the Plano Coletivo group. Architects <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/luciana-saboia">Luciana Saboia</a>, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/eder-alencar">Eder Alencar</a>, and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/matheus-seco">Matheus Seco</a> will lead the project, representing Brazil with an multidisciplinary approach that bridges architecture, nature, and social infrastructure. Titled "(RE)INVENTION," the Brazil <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/pavilion">Pavilion</a> will be open from May 10 to November 23, 2025, in partnership with the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil. The exhibition reflects on the recent archaeological discovery of ancestral infrastructure in the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/amazon">Amazon</a> to examine the contradictions and socio-environmental conditions of contemporary cities.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='6746ee52c724b001870c26ba' href='/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/6746ee52c724b001870c26ba-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025 - Imagen 1 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='6746ee52c724b001870c26ba' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6746/ee52/c724/b001/870c/26ba/thumb_jpg/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_1.jpg?1732701791' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/6746ee52c724b001870c26ba-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='© Rafa Jacinto' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bba03f2971d4018881c233' href='/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/67bba03f2971d4018881c233-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025 - Imagen 2 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bba03f2971d4018881c233' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/a03f/2971/d401/8881/c233/thumb_jpg/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349558' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/67bba03f2971d4018881c233-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Geoglyphs found in the state of Acre, Brazil, 2022. Image © Diego Gurgel' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bba0452971d4018881c234' href='/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/67bba0452971d4018881c234-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025 - Imagen 3 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bba0452971d4018881c234' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/a045/2971/d401/8881/c234/thumb_jpg/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349593' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/67bba0452971d4018881c234-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Sequeiro Garden - ICC, produced by Julio Pastore + Oscar Niemeyer, photography, 2021. Image © Joana França' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='6746ee7da36f620189b89bda' href='/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/6746ee7da36f620189b89bda-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025 - Imagen 4 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='6746ee7da36f620189b89bda' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/6746/ee7d/a36f/6201/89b8/9bda/thumb_jpg/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_1.jpg?1732701861' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/6746ee7da36f620189b89bda-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='© Maressa Andrioli Fundação Bienal de São Paulo' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025/67bba02d2971d4018881c231-architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025-photo'><img alt='Architecture as a Cultural Artifact: Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025 - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/a02d/2971/d401/8881/c231/newsletter/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349536' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 4</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Nour Fakharany</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/a02d/2971/d401/8881/c231/medium_jpg/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025_4.jpg?1740349536' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='"Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title=""Architecture as a Cultural Artifact": Brazil Announces Participation in Venice Biennale 2025" href="/1024091/architecture-as-a-cultural-artifact-brazil-announces-participation-in-venice-biennale-2025?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix editors_choice newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-24' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-24T09:00:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-24T09:00:00+00:00">February 24</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bbd16e2971d4018881c251 { --featured-height: 426px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 426; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67bbd16e2971d4018881c251 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bbd16e2971d4018881c251' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67bbd16e2971d4018881c251'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/d16e/2971/d401/8881/c251/slideshow/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362104&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/d16e/2971/d401/8881/c251/slideshow/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362104&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/d16e/2971/d401/8881/c251/slideshow/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362104&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd16e2971d4018881c251' fetchpriority='high' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd16e2971d4018881c251-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67bb/d16e/2971/d401/8881/c251/slideshow/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362104&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67bbd16e2971d4018881c251'>Tokyo Station, Tokyo Japan. Image © 江戸村のとくぞう via Wikipedia under license CC BY-SA 4.0</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/998943/could-transit-oriented-developments-save-your-city">Transit-Oriented Development</a> (TOD) is a comprehensive urban planning strategy aimed at creating dense, walkable, and vibrant neighborhoods centered around public transportation hubs. By seamlessly integrating residential, commercial, and recreational facilities within close proximity to transit nodes, TODs seek to <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1013428/athens-plans-to-grow-its-metro-infrastructure-by-a-third-to-reduce-automobile-traffic?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_articles">reduce automobile dependency</a>, increase public transit ridership, and stimulate local economic development. Government agencies play a pivotal role in supporting these developments through zoning reforms, easing floor area ratios (FARs), <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1023954/air-rights-explained-balancing-private-gain-with-public-good?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all">selling air rights</a>, and facilitating <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1022673/architecture-collaborations-what-are-public-private-partnerships?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all">public-private partnerships</a> to secure capital for public infrastructure. While TODs have gained global traction, East Asia boasts some of the most successful examples. Conversely, efforts to replicate these models in different contexts—such as New York City—highlight the importance of adapting TOD principles to local conditions, geographical characteristics, and community needs.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd1862971d4018881c258' href='/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd1862971d4018881c258-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd1862971d4018881c258' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/d186/2971/d401/8881/c258/thumb_jpg/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362125' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd1862971d4018881c258-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Hudson Yards Development, New York. Image © Related-Oxford' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd18b2fe1ca0189a56136' href='/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd18b2fe1ca0189a56136-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd18b2fe1ca0189a56136' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/d18b/2fe1/ca01/89a5/6136/thumb_jpg/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362128' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd18b2fe1ca0189a56136-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Admiralty Station, Hong Kong. Image © Qwer132477 via Wikipedia under license CC BY- SA 4.0' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd1aa2971d4018881c262' href='/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd1aa2971d4018881c262-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd1aa2971d4018881c262' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/d1aa/2971/d401/8881/c262/thumb_jpg/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362163' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd1aa2971d4018881c262-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Tokyo Station, Tokyo Japan. Image © dconvertini via Wikipedia under license CC BY-SA 2.0' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd18c2971d4018881c25b' href='/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd18c2971d4018881c25b-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67bbd18c2971d4018881c25b' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/d18c/2971/d401/8881/c25b/thumb_jpg/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_2.jpg?1740362131' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd18c2971d4018881c25b-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Admiralty Station, Hong Kong. Image © Qwer132477 via Wikipedia under license CC BY- SA 4.0' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia/67bbd16e2971d4018881c251-not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia-photo'><img alt='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/d16e/2971/d401/8881/c251/newsletter/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362104' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 17</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Jonathan Yeung</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67bb/d16e/2971/d401/8881/c251/medium_jpg/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-development-in-east-asia_1.jpg?1740362104' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Not Just a Train Stop: The Evolution of Transit-Oriented Developments in East Asia" href="/1027273/not-just-a-train-stop-the-evolution-of-transit-oriented-developments-in-east-asia?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_subject newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain"><span itemprop='name'>Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-23' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-23T12:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-23T12:30:00+00:00">February 23</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67abc076ea72f10188034b55 { --featured-height: 580px; aspect-ratio: auto 522 / 580; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67abc076ea72f10188034b55 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67abc076ea72f10188034b55' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67abc076ea72f10188034b55'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ab/c076/ea72/f101/8803/4b55/slideshow/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_8.jpg?1739309179&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ab/c076/ea72/f101/8803/4b55/slideshow/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_8.jpg?1739309179&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ab/c076/ea72/f101/8803/4b55/slideshow/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_8.jpg?1739309179&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67abc076ea72f10188034b55' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abc076ea72f10188034b55-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67ab/c076/ea72/f101/8803/4b55/slideshow/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_8.jpg?1739309179&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67abc076ea72f10188034b55'>This is my Square Intervention / Conjuntos Empáticos. Image</figcaption><i class='figcaption-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p>How do inflatable structures behave in public spaces? What relationships or connections can they establish among people? From the perspective of <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/conjuntos-empaticos" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Conjuntos Empáticos</a>, inflatable structures act as organisms that engage passersby through their lightness, materiality, and element of surprise, ensuring <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1007496/inflatable-architecture-pneumatic-structures-transforming-built-environments" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sensory experiences in various environments and public spaces</a>. These structures can accommodate everything from collective interventions to moments of leisure, encouraging social interaction and creating atmospheres that dissociate the scale of the city from the domestic space.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67abbfc1ea72f10188034b52' href='/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abbfc1ea72f10188034b52-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67abbfc1ea72f10188034b52' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ab/bfc1/ea72/f101/8803/4b52/thumb_jpg/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_2.jpg?1739308999' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abbfc1ea72f10188034b52-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Instalación TRANS(h)itos / Conjuntos Empáticos. Image Cortesía de Conjuntos Empáticos' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67abc00eea72f10188034b54' href='/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abc00eea72f10188034b54-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67abc00eea72f10188034b54' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ab/c00e/ea72/f101/8803/4b54/thumb_jpg/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_5.jpg?1739309076' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abc00eea72f10188034b54-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Esferificaciones / Conjuntos Empáticos. Image Cortesía de Conjuntos Empáticos' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67abc076dae348018ae88b9c' href='/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abc076dae348018ae88b9c-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67abc076dae348018ae88b9c' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ab/c076/dae3/4801/8ae8/8b9c/thumb_jpg/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_7.jpg?1739309181' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abc076dae348018ae88b9c-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='This is my Square Intervention / Conjuntos Empáticos. Image ' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67abbfc2ea72f10188034b53' href='/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abbfc2ea72f10188034b53-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67abbfc2ea72f10188034b53' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ab/bfc2/ea72/f101/8803/4b53/thumb_jpg/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_1.jpg?1739308999' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abbfc2ea72f10188034b53-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Instalación TRANS(h)itos / Conjuntos Empáticos. Image Cortesía de Conjuntos Empáticos' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain/67abc076ea72f10188034b55-inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain-image'><img alt='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ab/c076/ea72/f101/8803/4b55/medium_jpg/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_8.jpg?1739309179' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 4</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Agustina Iñiguez</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67ab/c076/ea72/f101/8803/4b55/medium_jpg/arquitecturas-inflables-en-el-espacio-publico-conociendo-las-obras-de-conjuntos-empaticos-en-espana_8.jpg?1739309179' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Inflatable Architectures in Public Spaces: Exploring the Works of Conjuntos Empáticos in Spain" href="/1026952/inflatable-architectures-in-public-spaces-exploring-the-works-of-conjuntos-empaticos-in-spain">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_subject newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-22' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-22T12:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-22T12:30:00+00:00">February 22</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b2aa7f5886680189c74635 { --featured-height: 480px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 480; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b2aa7f5886680189c74635 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b2aa7f5886680189c74635' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b2aa7f5886680189c74635'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b2/aa7f/5886/6801/89c7/4635/slideshow/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762308&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b2/aa7f/5886/6801/89c7/4635/slideshow/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762308&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b2/aa7f/5886/6801/89c7/4635/slideshow/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762308&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b2aa7f5886680189c74635' fetchpriority='high' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2aa7f5886680189c74635-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b2/aa7f/5886/6801/89c7/4635/slideshow/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762308&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b2aa7f5886680189c74635'>Sliding Door with Hidden Track, Ōmori House / ROOVICE. Image © Akira Nakamura</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1022788/revolving-doors-in-action-blending-access-efficiency-and-elegance" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Doors</a> are among the most frequently used architectural elements in any occupied building, serving as movable thresholds that negotiate between private and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1025817/insights-on-the-architecture-of-public-space-as-a-driver-of-transformation-a-journey-through-10-projects-in-spain" target="_blank" rel="noopener">public spaces</a>. They facilitate both connection and separation among co-inhabitants. Yet, despite their fundamental role, doors are often one of the most overlooked design elements, particularly by clients. In discussions with industry professionals on various interior projects, a common consensus emerges—clients typically pay little attention to door <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1024779/reflecting-on-architectural-details-and-construction-systems-in-2024" target="_blank" rel="noopener">types and details</a> as long as the opening direction aligns with their expectations. However, the world of door design is an intricate one, offering a wealth of <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1021321/seamless-surfaces-exploring-the-benefits-of-liquid-applied-finishes-with-12-interior-design-projects" target="_blank" rel="noopener">possibilities in finishes</a>, installation methods, and modes of operation—each of which can significantly shape the spatial experience beyond the simple matter of swing direction.</p></p><p><p>The choice of door type and detailing can define or redefine a space entirely. Some doors offer superior <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/889176/eco-friendly-insulation-offers-thermal-performance-sound-absorption-and-fire-resistance-at-the-same-time?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_articles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sound insulation</a>, while others remain open to connect spaces, enhancing spatial fluidity seamlessly. Certain designs require meticulous installation and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/928044/why-is-building-maintenance-important?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_articles" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ongoing maintenance</a>, while others are virtually hassle-free. Moreover, the type of door selected, particularly that of the hinge, influences not only wall construction but also flooring layers and transitions, adding further complexity to the design process.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b2a99e5886680189c7462a' href='/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2a99e5886680189c7462a-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types - Imagem 1 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b2a99e5886680189c7462a' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b2/a99e/5886/6801/89c7/462a/thumb_jpg/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762084' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2a99e5886680189c7462a-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Swing Door with Protruded Frame, Casa Zempoala / o.d.e.. Image © Zaickz Moz' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b2abd77f818d0188daa3d7' href='/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2abd77f818d0188daa3d7-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types - Imagem 2 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b2abd77f818d0188daa3d7' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b2/abd7/7f81/8d01/88da/a3d7/thumb_jpg/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762650' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2abd77f818d0188daa3d7-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Swing Door with Flush Frame, Am Tacheles Apartment / TAKK Studio + Iwetta Ullenboom. Image © Nate Cook' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b2a99c5886680189c74629' href='/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2a99c5886680189c74629-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types - Imagem 3 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b2a99c5886680189c74629' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b2/a99c/5886/6801/89c7/4629/thumb_jpg/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762108' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2a99c5886680189c74629-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Pocket Door, Hillside Apartment / YY Projects. Image © YY Projects' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b2aa397f818d0188daa3cb' href='/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2aa397f818d0188daa3cb-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types - Imagem 4 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b2aa397f818d0188daa3cb' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b2/aa39/7f81/8d01/88da/a3cb/thumb_jpg/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762236' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2aa397f818d0188daa3cb-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Frameless Door, Living Without Boundaries Apartment / A I M . Image © Francesca Lovena' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types/67b2aa7f5886680189c74635-the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types-photo'><img alt='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b2/aa7f/5886/6801/89c7/4635/newsletter/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762308' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 17</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Jonathan Yeung</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b2/aa7f/5886/6801/89c7/4635/medium_jpg/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types_1.jpg?1739762308' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="The Overlooked Art of Door Design: An Introductory Guide to Interior Door Types" href="/1026998/the-overlooked-art-of-door-design-an-introductory-guide-to-interior-door-types?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-21' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-21T12:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-21T12:30:00+00:00">February 21</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4 { --featured-height: 454px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 454; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/353f/67a7/a401/887e/bdd4/slideshow/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740059973&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/353f/67a7/a401/887e/bdd4/slideshow/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740059973&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/353f/67a7/a401/887e/bdd4/slideshow/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740059973&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/353f/67a7/a401/887e/bdd4/slideshow/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740059973&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4'>Casa Chacarera / Tectum arquitectura . Image © Federico Cairoli</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p>In the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/country/argentina" target="_blank" rel="noopener">architectural production of Argentina </a>in recent years, numerous offices have emerged that, through their practice, explorations, and works, have gained relevance within the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1023918/integrating-nature-as-a-building-material-exploring-the-works-of-estudio-planta" target="_blank" rel="noopener">contemporary discipline</a>. It is important to highlight that many <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/emerging-practices" target="_blank" rel="noopener">young architects</a>, even with nascent careers in terms of built work, have managed to establish themselves, demonstrating a unique voice and a defined imprint in their work.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b73255867e83018bad4dc0' href='/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b73255867e83018bad4dc0-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina - 1 的图像 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b73255867e83018bad4dc0' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/3255/867e/8301/8bad/4dc0/thumb_jpg/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_1.jpg?1740059282' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b73255867e83018bad4dc0-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Casa MF / Balsa Crosetto Piazzi . Image © Marcos Guiponi' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b73428867e83018bad4dc4' href='/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b73428867e83018bad4dc4-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina - 2 的图像 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b73428867e83018bad4dc4' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/3428/867e/8301/8bad/4dc4/thumb_jpg/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_5.jpg?1740059693' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b73428867e83018bad4dc4-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='A110 / Esteras Perrote. Image © Juan Cruz Paredes' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b7359a867e83018bad4dcc' href='/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b7359a867e83018bad4dcc-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina - 3 的图像 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b7359a867e83018bad4dcc' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/359a/867e/8301/8bad/4dcc/thumb_jpg/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740060064' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b7359a867e83018bad4dcc-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Oficina 6x6x9 / Plano Compartido. Image © Juan Cruz Paredes' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b735d7867e83018bad4dd2' href='/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b735d7867e83018bad4dd2-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina - 4 的图像 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b735d7867e83018bad4dd2' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/35d7/867e/8301/8bad/4dd2/thumb_jpg/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_9.jpg?1740060126' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b735d7867e83018bad4dd2-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Refugio de montaña para 14-Leguas / 3164.estudio + SDF Arquitectos. Image © Juan Cruz Paredes' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina/67b7353f67a7a401887ebdd4-emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina-photo'><img alt='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/353f/67a7/a401/887e/bdd4/newsletter/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740059973' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 11</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Paula Pintos</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/353f/67a7/a401/887e/bdd4/medium_jpg/5-jovenes-estudios-cordobeses_7.jpg?1740059973' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Emerging Architecture: Discover the Work of Five Leading Studios in the City of Córdoba, Argentina" href="/1027208/emerging-architecture-discover-the-work-of-five-leading-studios-in-the-city-of-cordoba-argentina?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-21' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-21T11:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-21T11:30:00+00:00">February 21</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886 { --featured-height: 471px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 471; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/cd31/397f/0d01/88db/0886/slideshow/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098889&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/cd31/397f/0d01/88db/0886/slideshow/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098889&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/cd31/397f/0d01/88db/0886/slideshow/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098889&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b7/cd31/397f/0d01/88db/0886/slideshow/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098889&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886'>L: The Finlandia sign being installed during the pavilion’s construction in 1956. Photo Isa Andrenius, Courtesy of The National Archives of Finland. R: Daniele Canato from Vita Restauri painting the pavilion’s facade in 2025. The cables of the Finlandia sign have been cut at the neighbouring construction site of the main pavilion. Courtesy of The National Archives of Finland.. Image © Matti Jänkälä</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-start="138" data-end="959">Archinfo, the Information Centre for Finnish Architecture, has announced the theme, curator, and exhibition team for the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/pavilion">Pavilion</a> of <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/country/finland" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Finland</a> at the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/venice-architecture-biennale-2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">19th International Architecture Exhibition of La Biennale di Venezia</a>. The exhibition, titled "The Pavilion – Architecture of Stewardship", will focus on the diverse labor involved in constructing and maintaining architecture, from design contributions by architectural workers and engineers to the efforts of construction workers, restoration architects, maintenance staff, and cleaners, all of whom play vital roles in the creation and upkeep of the built environment. Curated by <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/ella-kaira">Ella Kaira</a> and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/matti-jankala">Matti Jänkälä</a> from the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/city/helsinki" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Helsinki</a>-based <a href="https://www.instagram.com/vokal.projekt/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">architecture practice Vokal</a>, it will use Alvar and Elissa Aalto's Pavilion of Finland to explore architecture as a collaborative endeavor.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b7f778397f0d0188db0967' href='/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7f778397f0d0188db0967-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b7f778397f0d0188db0967' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/f778/397f/0d01/88db/0967/thumb_jpg/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour_4.jpg?1740109696' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7f778397f0d0188db0967-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='The Finnish Pavilion, designed by Alvar Aalto. Image © Nico Saieh' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b7cd25397f0d0188db0884' href='/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7cd25397f0d0188db0884-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b7cd25397f0d0188db0884' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/cd25/397f/0d01/88db/0884/thumb_jpg/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098876' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7cd25397f0d0188db0884-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Curators Ella Kaira and Matti Jänkälä from Helsinki-based architecture practice Vokal. Image © Ugo Carmeni' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b7f876397f0d0188db0968' href='/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7f876397f0d0188db0968-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b7f876397f0d0188db0968' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/f876/397f/0d01/88db/0968/thumb_jpg/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour_5.jpg?1740109948' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7f876397f0d0188db0968-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Alvar and Elissa Aalto. Image Courtesy of Alvar Aalto Foundation' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b7cd28397f0d0188db0885' href='/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7cd28397f0d0188db0885-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b7cd28397f0d0188db0885' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/cd28/397f/0d01/88db/0885/thumb_jpg/pavilion-of-finland_2.jpg?1740098877' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7cd28397f0d0188db0885-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Curators Ella Kaira and Matti Jänkälä from Helsinki-based architecture practice Vokal. Image © Ugo Carmeni' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour/67b7cd31397f0d0188db0886-the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour-photo'><img alt='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/cd31/397f/0d01/88db/0886/newsletter/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098889' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Antonia Piñeiro</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b7/cd31/397f/0d01/88db/0886/medium_jpg/pavilion-of-finland_1.jpg?1740098889' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="The Finnish Pavilion at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale Explores Architecture as a Collaborative Endeavour" href="/1027216/the-finnish-pavilion-at-the-2025-venice-architecture-biennale-explores-architecture-as-a-collaborative-endeavour?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix ' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-21' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-21T10:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-21T10:30:00+00:00">February 21</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55 { --featured-height: 580px; aspect-ratio: auto 464 / 580; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b8/38e9/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa55/slideshow/lina_1.jpg?1740126519&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b8/38e9/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa55/slideshow/lina_1.jpg?1740126519&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b8/38e9/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa55/slideshow/lina_1.jpg?1740126519&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55' fetchpriority='high' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b8/38e9/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa55/slideshow/lina_1.jpg?1740126519&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55'>Courtesy of LGA</figcaption><i class='figcaption-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-start="93" data-end="664"><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/british-museum">The British Museum</a> has announced that <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/lina-ghotmeh-architecture">Paris-based Lina Ghotmeh Architecture (LGA) </a>has been selected to lead the redesign of its Western Range galleries. This decision follows a rigorous international competition, marking a <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1020662/british-museum-announces-international-architecture-competition-shortlist-featuring-oma-david-chipperfield-architects-and-more">significant milestone in the Museum's Masterplan, a long-term initiative to modernize its Bloomsbury site while maintaining its historic integrity</a>. The project will be one of the most extensive <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/cultural">cultural redevelopments</a> globally, covering approximately 15,650 square meters, including a third of the museum's gallery space.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e87cae7a384c02fa54' href='/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e87cae7a384c02fa54-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e87cae7a384c02fa54' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b8/38e8/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa54/thumb_jpg/lina_2.jpg?1740126470' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e87cae7a384c02fa54-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Lina Ghotmeh in her atelier © Dion Barrett. Image Courtesy of LGA' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e77cae7a384c02fa52' href='/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e77cae7a384c02fa52-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e77cae7a384c02fa52' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b8/38e7/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa52/thumb_jpg/lina_2.jpg?1740126490' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e77cae7a384c02fa52-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Courtesy of LGA' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b838ef7cae7a384c02fa56' href='/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838ef7cae7a384c02fa56-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b838ef7cae7a384c02fa56' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b8/38ef/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa56/thumb_jpg/lina_3.jpg?1740126480' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838ef7cae7a384c02fa56-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Model submitted by Lina Ghotmeh Architecture for competition. Image Courtesy of LGA' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e7397f0d0188db09b4' href='/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e7397f0d0188db09b4-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' rel='attachment'><img alt='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b838e7397f0d0188db09b4' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b8/38e7/397f/0d01/88db/09b4/thumb_jpg/lina_3.jpg?1740126490' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e7397f0d0188db09b4-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Courtesy of LGA' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range/67b838e97cae7a384c02fa55-lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range-image'><img alt='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b8/38e9/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa55/medium_jpg/lina_1.jpg?1740126519' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 1</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Nour Fakharany</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b8/38e9/7cae/7a38/4c02/fa55/medium_jpg/lina_1.jpg?1740126519' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Lina Ghotmeh Wins Competition to Redesign British Museum’s Western Range" href="/1027224/lina-ghotmeh-wins-competition-to-redesign-british-museums-western-range?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_subject newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-21' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-21T09:00:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-21T09:00:00+00:00">February 21</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b4192c7f818d0188daac10 { --featured-height: 426px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 426; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b4192c7f818d0188daac10 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b4192c7f818d0188daac10' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b4192c7f818d0188daac10'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b4/192c/7f81/8d01/88da/ac10/slideshow/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856181&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b4/192c/7f81/8d01/88da/ac10/slideshow/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856181&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b4/192c/7f81/8d01/88da/ac10/slideshow/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856181&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b4192c7f818d0188daac10' fetchpriority='high' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4192c7f818d0188daac10-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b4/192c/7f81/8d01/88da/ac10/slideshow/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856181&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b4192c7f818d0188daac10'>© Atdhe Mulla</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p>Glass bricks have been <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1014577/beyond-transparency-5-buildings-highlighting-glass-brick-facades?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_articles">widely used in architecture</a>, eventually becoming a staple of the 1980s architectural styles. Some examples of construction with this material could be the classic <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/248077/ad-classics-maison-de-verre-pierre-chareau-bernard-bijvoet?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab">"Maison de Verre"</a> by <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/805128/a-look-at-pierre-chareau-the-mysterious-man-behind-the-maison-de-verre?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_all">Pierre Chareau</a> and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/bernard-bijvoet?ad_name=project-specs&ad_medium=single">Bernard Bijvoet</a> in Paris or the more modern take of <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/hiroshi-nakamura-and-nap?ad_name=project-specs&ad_medium=single">Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP</a> with the <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/885674/optical-glass-house-hiroshi-nakamura-and-nap?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Optical Glasshouse </a>in Japan. In recent years, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/941686/glamorous-glass-bricks-are-booming-nil-again?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_result_articles">glass bricks are becoming increasingly popular</a>, no longer relegated to older aesthetics. Instead, they have evolved into versatile design elements that bring light, texture, and character into contemporary interiors. Their ability to diffuse natural and artificial light while maintaining privacy has reignited interest among designers seeking innovative ways to enhance indoor spaces while taking advantage of natural light.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b4191e7f818d0188daac0e' href='/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4191e7f818d0188daac0e-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors - Image 1 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b4191e7f818d0188daac0e' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/191e/7f81/8d01/88da/ac0e/thumb_jpg/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856169' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4191e7f818d0188daac0e-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='© Patryk Lewiński' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b4198a7f818d0188daac11' href='/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4198a7f818d0188daac11-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors - Image 2 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b4198a7f818d0188daac11' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/198a/7f81/8d01/88da/ac11/thumb_jpg/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856272' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4198a7f818d0188daac11-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='© Pedro Napolitano Prata' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b419297f818d0188daac0f' href='/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b419297f818d0188daac0f-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors - Image 3 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b419297f818d0188daac0f' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/1929/7f81/8d01/88da/ac0f/thumb_jpg/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856178' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b419297f818d0188daac0f-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='© Atdhe Mulla' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67b4190b7f818d0188daac0c' href='/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4190b7f818d0188daac0c-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors - Image 4 of 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67b4190b7f818d0188daac0c' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/190b/7f81/8d01/88da/ac0c/thumb_jpg/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856151' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4190b7f818d0188daac0c-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='© Donggyu Kim' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors/67b4192c7f818d0188daac10-refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors-photo'><img alt='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/192c/7f81/8d01/88da/ac10/newsletter/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856181' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 8</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Moises Carrasco</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b4/192c/7f81/8d01/88da/ac10/medium_jpg/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors_1.jpg?1739856181' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="Refracting Light and Redefining Space: Glass Bricks in Contemporary Interiors" href="/1027058/refracting-light-and-redefining-space-glass-bricks-in-contemporary-interiors?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix editors_choice newsletter_subject newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1027130/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>The 15 Winners of the ArchDaily 2025 Building of the Year Awards</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-20' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-20T13:00:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-20T13:00:00+00:00">February 20</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6211343487255be753446 { --featured-height: 330px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 330; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6211343487255be753446 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6211343487255be753446' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6211343487255be753446'><a class='js-image-size__link ' href='/1027130/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/2113/4348/7255/be75/3446/slideshow/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards_21.jpg?1739989292&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/2113/4348/7255/be75/3446/slideshow/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards_21.jpg?1739989292&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/2113/4348/7255/be75/3446/slideshow/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards_21.jpg?1739989292&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='The 15 Winners of the ArchDaily 2025 Building of the Year Awards - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67b6211343487255be753446' fetchpriority='high' itemprop='image' loading='eager' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1027130/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards/67b6211343487255be753446-the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards-image' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67b6/2113/4348/7255/be75/3446/slideshow/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards_21.jpg?1739989292&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67b6211343487255be753446'>Background photography © Syam Sreesylam. Courtesy of Wallmakers</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p data-start="173" data-end="621">Sixteen years ago, we launched the <a href="https://boty.archdaily.com/us/2025?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ArchDaily Building of the Year Awards </a>with a simple yet powerful idea: to let our readers choose their favorite buildings from our ever-growing library of projects. Thanks to your engagement, this award has grown into one of the most democratic and influential recognitions in architecture. Year after year, your collective insight has highlighted architectural excellence across cultures, economies, and landscapes worldwide.</p></p><p><p data-start="623" data-end="869">This year was no exception. The <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/1026738/meet-the-75-finalists-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards" target="_blank" rel="noopener">75 finalists</a> have already showcased an outstanding range of spatial solutions, reflecting the power of collective intelligence in crafting a snapshot of today's most compelling architecture. Now, it's time to unveil the winners.</p></p></div><div class='hidden'><span itemprop='url'>https://www.archdaily.com/1027130/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards</span><span itemprop='author' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Person'>Romullo Baratto</span></div><ul class='stream-socialbar clearfix afd-mobile-margin'><li class='streamPost-bookmark'><div class='single-bookmark'><a class='afd-icon-text afd-save-item clearfix myarchdaily-multiple-fav' data-image='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67b6/2113/4348/7255/be75/3446/medium_jpg/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards_21.jpg?1739989292' data-message='Save this article' data-messagemobile='Save' data-title='The 15 Winners of the ArchDaily 2025 Building of the Year Awards' href='https://www.archdaily.com/1027130/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards'><i class='afd-icon-text__icon afd-icon afd-icon--icon-folder-white'></i><span class='afd-fl'>Save</span></a></div></li><li class='stream-socialbar__more'><a title="The 15 Winners of the ArchDaily 2025 Building of the Year Awards" href="/1027130/the-15-winners-of-the-archdaily-2025-building-of-the-year-awards?ad_campaign=normal-tag">Read more »</a></li></ul></div> <div class='afd-post-stream clearfix newsletter_title' itemscope='' itemtype='http://schema.org/Article'><div class='custom-tag-streamlogo'></div><h3 class='afd-title--custom-tag afd-title-big--bmargin-small afd-mobile-margin'><a class="afd-title--black-link" href="/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation?ad_campaign=normal-tag"><span itemprop='name'>Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation</span></a></h3><meta content='2025-02-20' itemprop='datePublished'><div class='date-publication afd-mobile-margin'><span><time datetime="2025-02-20T12:30:00+00:00" lang="en" data-time-ago="2025-02-20T12:30:00+00:00">February 20</time></span></div><div class='afd-post-content ' itemprop='articleBody'><style> #newsroom-picture-att-id-67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66 { --featured-height: 426px; aspect-ratio: auto 640 / 426; @media (min-width: 769px) { .mini-content & { --featured-height: auto; max-width: 250px; float: left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0; } } } @media (max-width: 768px) { #newsroom-picture-att-id-67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66 { --featured-height: auto; } } </style><figure aria-labelledby='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66' class='featured-image js-image-size media-picture' id='newsroom-picture-att-id-67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66'><a class='js-image-size__link lazy-anchor' href='/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation?ad_campaign=normal-tag' rel='attachment' style='width: 100%; height: 100%;'><picture><source media='(max-width: 425px)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67a7/3c6f/088f/c406/8247/ff66/slideshow/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_16.jpg?1739013287&format=webp&width=540&height=580'><source media='(max-width: 425px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67a7/3c6f/088f/c406/8247/ff66/slideshow/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_16.jpg?1739013287&format=webp&width=1080&height=1160'><source media='(min-width: 426px and -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2)' srcset='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67a7/3c6f/088f/c406/8247/ff66/slideshow/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_16.jpg?1739013287&format=webp&width=1280&height=1160'><img alt='Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation - Featured Image' data-nr-picture-id='67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66' fetchpriority='auto' itemprop='image' loading='lazy' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' src='https://snoopy.archdaily.com/images/archdaily/media/images/67a7/3c6f/088f/c406/8247/ff66/slideshow/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_16.jpg?1739013287&format=webp&width=640&height=580' width='640'></picture></a><figcaption class='figcaption afd-desktop-e' id='figcaption_newsroom-picture-att-id-67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66'>Osaka. Image © Dick Thomas Johnson via Wikipedia under CC BY 2.0</figcaption><i class='figcaption-cc-icon afd-desktop-e'></i></figure><p><p><a href="https://www.archdaily.com/city/osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/search/projects/country/japan">Japan's</a> third-largest city, is a vibrant blend of tradition and modernity, making it a compelling destination for architecture enthusiasts. Known historically as the <a href="https://peterlamphotography.com/2018/01/25/osaka-the-nations-kitchen/?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank">"nation's kitchen"</a> for its role as a mercantile hub, Osaka is also a city of cultural and architectural diversity. Its landmarks range from the historic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka_Castle?utm_medium=website&utm_source=archdaily.com" target="_blank">Osaka Castle</a> to striking contemporary developments, each reflecting Japan's evolving urban identity.</p></p><p><p>As the host city for the highly anticipated <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/expo-2025-osaka">Expo 2025</a>, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/tag/osaka">Osaka</a> is poised to showcase its architectural prowess on a global stage. The city's skyline features innovative works by renowned architects and urban planners, including cutting-edge cultural centers, transportation hubs, and waterfront redevelopments. With contributions from celebrated Japanese architects such as <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/tadao-ando-architect-and-associates">Tadao Ando</a>, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/kengo-kuma-and-associates">Kengo Kuma & Associates</a>, and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/takenaka-corporation">Takenaka Corporation</a>, alongside international figures like <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/dominique-perrault-architecture">Dominique Perrault</a>, <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/renzo-piano-building-workshop">Renzo Piano Building Workshop</a>, and <a href="https://www.archdaily.com/office/pelli-clarke-and-partners">Pelli Clarke & Partners</a>, Osaka seamlessly blends modernity with tradition, creating a unique architectural identity that reflects its past while looking boldly to the future.</p></p><p class='thumbs afd-desktop-e clearfix'><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67a73ae81e52811b89abaf39' href='/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73ae81e52811b89abaf39-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation - Imagen 1 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67a73ae81e52811b89abaf39' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67a7/3ae8/1e52/811b/89ab/af39/thumb_jpg/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_4.jpg?1739012862' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73ae81e52811b89abaf39-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Maritime Museum / Paul Andreu. Image © 663highland, via Wikipedia under CC BY 2.5' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67a73d4f1e5281349ce45bc6' href='/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73d4f1e5281349ce45bc6-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation - Imagen 2 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67a73d4f1e5281349ce45bc6' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67a7/3d4f/1e52/8134/9ce4/5bc6/thumb_jpg/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_21.jpg?1739013461' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73d4f1e5281349ce45bc6-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Osaka Umeda Twin Towers South / Takenaka Corporation. Image © Tomoki Hahakura' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67a73a831e5281349ce45bb9' href='/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73a831e5281349ce45bb9-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation - Imagen 3 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67a73a831e5281349ce45bb9' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67a7/3a83/1e52/8134/9ce4/5bb9/thumb_jpg/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_1.jpg?1739012747' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73a831e5281349ce45bb9-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Nakanoshima Museum of Art Osaka / Katsuhiko Endo Architect and Associates. Image © Hiroshi Ueda' width='125'></a><a class='thumbs__link' data-nr-picture-id='67a73b2a088fc4068247ff62' href='/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73b2a088fc4068247ff62-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' rel='attachment'><img alt='Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation - Imagen 4 de 4' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-nr-picture-id='67a73b2a088fc4068247ff62' data-pin-nopin='true' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67a7/3b2a/088f/c406/8247/ff62/thumb_jpg/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_8.jpg?1739012936' height='125' longdesc='https://www.archdaily.com/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73b2a088fc4068247ff62-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' title='Church of the Light / Tadao Ando Architect & Associates. Image © hiromitsu morimoto via Wikipedia under CC BY-SA 2.0' width='125'></a><a class='gallery-link afd-desktop-e' href='/1026676/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation/67a73c6f088fc4068247ff66-osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation-photo'><img alt='Osaka Architecture City Guide: 23 Projects Showcasing Japan’s Design Legacy and Innovation - More Images' class='thumbs__img b-lazy' data-src='https://images.adsttc.com/media/images/67a7/3c6f/088f/c406/8247/ff66/newsletter/osaka-architecture-city-guide-21-projects-showcasing-japans-design-legacy-and-innovation_16.jpg?1739013287' itemprop='image' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAUEBAAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs='><span class='gallery-link__overlay'>+ 19</span></a></p></div><div class='hidden'><span 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o=t.osVersion.split("."),l=m.querySelector('meta[name="viewport"]');t.minimalUi=!t.webView&&(n||r)&&(1*o[0]==7?1<=1*o[1]:7<1*o[0])&&l&&0<=l.getAttribute("content").indexOf("minimal-ui")}return t.pixelRatio=j.devicePixelRatio||1,t}(),y={attachEvents:function(){var e=this,t=e.params,a=e.touchEvents,i=e.el,s=e.wrapperEl;e.onTouchStart=function(e){var t=this,a=t.touchEventsData,i=t.params,s=t.touches;if(!t.animating||!i.preventInteractionOnTransition){var n=e;if(n.originalEvent&&(n=n.originalEvent),a.isTouchEvent="touchstart"===n.type,(a.isTouchEvent||!("which"in n)||3!==n.which)&&!(!a.isTouchEvent&&"button"in n&&0<n.button||a.isTouched&&a.isMoved))if(i.noSwiping&&_(n.target).closest(i.noSwipingSelector?i.noSwipingSelector:"."+i.noSwipingClass)[0])t.allowClick=!0;else if(!i.swipeHandler||_(n).closest(i.swipeHandler)[0]){s.currentX="touchstart"===n.type?n.targetTouches[0].pageX:n.pageX,s.currentY="touchstart"===n.type?n.targetTouches[0].pageY:n.pageY;var r=s.currentX,o=s.currentY,l=i.edgeSwipeDetection||i.iOSEdgeSwipeDetection,d=i.edgeSwipeThreshold||i.iOSEdgeSwipeThreshold;if(!l||!(r<=d||r>=j.screen.width-d)){if(q.extend(a,{isTouched:!0,isMoved:!1,allowTouchCallbacks:!0,isScrolling:void 0,startMoving:void 0}),s.startX=r,s.startY=o,a.touchStartTime=q.now(),t.allowClick=!0,t.updateSize(),t.swipeDirection=void 0,0<i.threshold&&(a.allowThresholdMove=!1),"touchstart"!==n.type){var c=!0;_(n.target).is(a.formElements)&&(c=!1),m.activeElement&&_(m.activeElement).is(a.formElements)&&m.activeElement!==n.target&&m.activeElement.blur(),c&&t.allowTouchMove&&i.touchStartPreventDefault&&n.preventDefault()}t.emit("touchStart",n)}}}}.bind(e),e.onTouchMove=function(e){var t=this,a=t.touchEventsData,i=t.params,s=t.touches,n=t.rtlTranslate,r=e;if(r.originalEvent&&(r=r.originalEvent),a.isTouched){if(!a.isTouchEvent||"mousemove"!==r.type){var o="touchmove"===r.type?r.targetTouches[0].pageX:r.pageX,l="touchmove"===r.type?r.targetTouches[0].pageY:r.pageY;if(r.preventedByNestedSwiper)return s.startX=o,void(s.startY=l);if(!t.allowTouchMove)return t.allowClick=!1,void(a.isTouched&&(q.extend(s,{startX:o,startY:l,currentX:o,currentY:l}),a.touchStartTime=q.now()));if(a.isTouchEvent&&i.touchReleaseOnEdges&&!i.loop)if(t.isVertical()){if(l<s.startY&&t.translate<=t.maxTranslate()||l>s.startY&&t.translate>=t.minTranslate())return a.isTouched=!1,void(a.isMoved=!1)}else if(o<s.startX&&t.translate<=t.maxTranslate()||o>s.startX&&t.translate>=t.minTranslate())return;if(a.isTouchEvent&&m.activeElement&&r.target===m.activeElement&&_(r.target).is(a.formElements))return a.isMoved=!0,void(t.allowClick=!1);if(a.allowTouchCallbacks&&t.emit("touchMove",r),!(r.targetTouches&&1<r.targetTouches.length)){s.currentX=o,s.currentY=l;var d,c=s.currentX-s.startX,u=s.currentY-s.startY;if(!(t.params.threshold&&Math.sqrt(Math.pow(c,2)+Math.pow(u,2))<t.params.threshold))if(void 0===a.isScrolling&&(t.isHorizontal()&&s.currentY===s.startY||t.isVertical()&&s.currentX===s.startX?a.isScrolling=!1:25<=c*c+u*u&&(d=180*Math.atan2(Math.abs(u),Math.abs(c))/Math.PI,a.isScrolling=t.isHorizontal()?d>i.touchAngle:90-d>i.touchAngle)),a.isScrolling&&t.emit("touchMoveOpposite",r),void 0===a.startMoving&&(s.currentX===s.startX&&s.currentY===s.startY||(a.startMoving=!0)),a.isScrolling)a.isTouched=!1;else if(a.startMoving){t.allowClick=!1,r.preventDefault(),i.touchMoveStopPropagation&&!i.nested&&r.stopPropagation(),a.isMoved||(i.loop&&t.loopFix(),a.startTranslate=t.getTranslate(),t.setTransition(0),t.animating&&t.$wrapperEl.trigger("webkitTransitionEnd transitionend"),a.allowMomentumBounce=!1,!i.grabCursor||!0!==t.allowSlideNext&&!0!==t.allowSlidePrev||t.setGrabCursor(!0),t.emit("sliderFirstMove",r)),t.emit("sliderMove",r),a.isMoved=!0;var p=t.isHorizontal()?c:u;s.diff=p,p*=i.touchRatio,n&&(p=-p),t.swipeDirection=0<p?"prev":"next",a.currentTranslate=p+a.startTranslate;var h=!0,f=i.resistanceRatio;if(i.touchReleaseOnEdges&&(f=0),0<p&&a.currentTranslate>t.minTranslate()?(h=!1,i.resistance&&(a.currentTranslate=t.minTranslate()-1+Math.pow(-t.minTranslate()+a.startTranslate+p,f))):p<0&&a.currentTranslate<t.maxTranslate()&&(h=!1,i.resistance&&(a.currentTranslate=t.maxTranslate()+1-Math.pow(t.maxTranslate()-a.startTranslate-p,f))),h&&(r.preventedByNestedSwiper=!0),!t.allowSlideNext&&"next"===t.swipeDirection&&a.currentTranslate<a.startTranslate&&(a.currentTranslate=a.startTranslate),!t.allowSlidePrev&&"prev"===t.swipeDirection&&a.currentTranslate>a.startTranslate&&(a.currentTranslate=a.startTranslate),0<i.threshold){if(!(Math.abs(p)>i.threshold||a.allowThresholdMove))return void(a.currentTranslate=a.startTranslate);if(!a.allowThresholdMove)return a.allowThresholdMove=!0,s.startX=s.currentX,s.startY=s.currentY,a.currentTranslate=a.startTranslate,void(s.diff=t.isHorizontal()?s.currentX-s.startX:s.currentY-s.startY)}i.followFinger&&((i.freeMode||i.watchSlidesProgress||i.watchSlidesVisibility)&&(t.updateActiveIndex(),t.updateSlidesClasses()),i.freeMode&&(0===a.velocities.length&&a.velocities.push({position:s[t.isHorizontal()?"startX":"startY"],time:a.touchStartTime}),a.velocities.push({position:s[t.isHorizontal()?"currentX":"currentY"],time:q.now()})),t.updateProgress(a.currentTranslate),t.setTranslate(a.currentTranslate))}}}}else a.startMoving&&a.isScrolling&&t.emit("touchMoveOpposite",r)}.bind(e),e.onTouchEnd=function(e){var t=this,a=t.touchEventsData,i=t.params,s=t.touches,n=t.rtlTranslate,r=t.$wrapperEl,o=t.slidesGrid,l=t.snapGrid,d=e;if(d.originalEvent&&(d=d.originalEvent),a.allowTouchCallbacks&&t.emit("touchEnd",d),a.allowTouchCallbacks=!1,!a.isTouched)return a.isMoved&&i.grabCursor&&t.setGrabCursor(!1),a.isMoved=!1,void(a.startMoving=!1);i.grabCursor&&a.isMoved&&a.isTouched&&(!0===t.allowSlideNext||!0===t.allowSlidePrev)&&t.setGrabCursor(!1);var c,u=q.now(),p=u-a.touchStartTime;if(t.allowClick&&(t.updateClickedSlide(d),t.emit("tap",d),p<300&&300<u-a.lastClickTime&&(a.clickTimeout&&clearTimeout(a.clickTimeout),a.clickTimeout=q.nextTick(function(){t&&!t.destroyed&&t.emit("click",d)},300)),p<300&&u-a.lastClickTime<300&&(a.clickTimeout&&clearTimeout(a.clickTimeout),t.emit("doubleTap",d))),a.lastClickTime=q.now(),q.nextTick(function(){t.destroyed||(t.allowClick=!0)}),!a.isTouched||!a.isMoved||!t.swipeDirection||0===s.diff||a.currentTranslate===a.startTranslate)return a.isTouched=!1,a.isMoved=!1,void(a.startMoving=!1);if(a.isTouched=!1,a.isMoved=!1,a.startMoving=!1,c=i.followFinger?n?t.translate:-t.translate:-a.currentTranslate,i.freeMode){if(c<-t.minTranslate())return void t.slideTo(t.activeIndex);if(c>-t.maxTranslate())return void(t.slides.length<l.length?t.slideTo(l.length-1):t.slideTo(t.slides.length-1));if(i.freeModeMomentum){if(1<a.velocities.length){var h=a.velocities.pop(),f=a.velocities.pop(),m=h.position-f.position,v=h.time-f.time;t.velocity=m/v,t.velocity/=2,Math.abs(t.velocity)<i.freeModeMinimumVelocity&&(t.velocity=0),(150<v||300<q.now()-h.time)&&(t.velocity=0)}else t.velocity=0;t.velocity*=i.freeModeMomentumVelocityRatio,a.velocities.length=0;var g=1e3*i.freeModeMomentumRatio,b=t.velocity*g,y=t.translate+b;n&&(y=-y);var w,E,x=!1,T=20*Math.abs(t.velocity)*i.freeModeMomentumBounceRatio;if(y<t.maxTranslate())i.freeModeMomentumBounce?(y+t.maxTranslate()<-T&&(y=t.maxTranslate()-T),w=t.maxTranslate(),x=!0,a.allowMomentumBounce=!0):y=t.maxTranslate(),i.loop&&i.centeredSlides&&(E=!0);else if(y>t.minTranslate())i.freeModeMomentumBounce?(y-t.minTranslate()>T&&(y=t.minTranslate()+T),w=t.minTranslate(),x=!0,a.allowMomentumBounce=!0):y=t.minTranslate(),i.loop&&i.centeredSlides&&(E=!0);else if(i.freeModeSticky){for(var S,C=0;C<l.length;C+=1)if(l[C]>-y){S=C;break}y=-(y=Math.abs(l[S]-y)<Math.abs(l[S-1]-y)||"next"===t.swipeDirection?l[S]:l[S-1])}if(E&&t.once("transitionEnd",function(){t.loopFix()}),0!==t.velocity)g=n?Math.abs((-y-t.translate)/t.velocity):Math.abs((y-t.translate)/t.velocity);else if(i.freeModeSticky)return void t.slideToClosest();i.freeModeMomentumBounce&&x?(t.updateProgress(w),t.setTransition(g),t.setTranslate(y),t.transitionStart(!0,t.swipeDirection),t.animating=!0,r.transitionEnd(function(){t&&!t.destroyed&&a.allowMomentumBounce&&(t.emit("momentumBounce"),t.setTransition(i.speed),t.setTranslate(w),r.transitionEnd(function(){t&&!t.destroyed&&t.transitionEnd()}))})):t.velocity?(t.updateProgress(y),t.setTransition(g),t.setTranslate(y),t.transitionStart(!0,t.swipeDirection),t.animating||(t.animating=!0,r.transitionEnd(function(){t&&!t.destroyed&&t.transitionEnd()}))):t.updateProgress(y),t.updateActiveIndex(),t.updateSlidesClasses()}else if(i.freeModeSticky)return void t.slideToClosest();(!i.freeModeMomentum||p>=i.longSwipesMs)&&(t.updateProgress(),t.updateActiveIndex(),t.updateSlidesClasses())}else{for(var k=0,M=t.slidesSizesGrid[0],L=0;L<o.length;L+=i.slidesPerGroup)void 0!==o[L+i.slidesPerGroup]?c>=o[L]&&c<o[L+i.slidesPerGroup]&&(M=o[(k=L)+i.slidesPerGroup]-o[L]):c>=o[L]&&(k=L,M=o[o.length-1]-o[o.length-2]);var D=(c-o[k])/M;if(p>i.longSwipesMs){if(!i.longSwipes)return void t.slideTo(t.activeIndex);"next"===t.swipeDirection&&(D>=i.longSwipesRatio?t.slideTo(k+i.slidesPerGroup):t.slideTo(k)),"prev"===t.swipeDirection&&(D>1-i.longSwipesRatio?t.slideTo(k+i.slidesPerGroup):t.slideTo(k))}else{if(!i.shortSwipes)return void t.slideTo(t.activeIndex);"next"===t.swipeDirection&&t.slideTo(k+i.slidesPerGroup),"prev"===t.swipeDirection&&t.slideTo(k)}}}.bind(e),e.onClick=function(e){this.allowClick||(this.params.preventClicks&&e.preventDefault(),this.params.preventClicksPropagation&&this.animating&&(e.stopPropagation(),e.stopImmediatePropagation()))}.bind(e);var n="container"===t.touchEventsTarget?i:s,r=!!t.nested;if(G.touch||!G.pointerEvents&&!G.prefixedPointerEvents){if(G.touch){var o=!("touchstart"!==a.start||!G.passiveListener||!t.passiveListeners)&&{passive:!0,capture:!1};n.addEventListener(a.start,e.onTouchStart,o),n.addEventListener(a.move,e.onTouchMove,G.passiveListener?{passive:!1,capture:r}:r),n.addEventListener(a.end,e.onTouchEnd,o)}(t.simulateTouch&&!b.ios&&!b.android||t.simulateTouch&&!G.touch&&b.ios)&&(n.addEventListener("mousedown",e.onTouchStart,!1),m.addEventListener("mousemove",e.onTouchMove,r),m.addEventListener("mouseup",e.onTouchEnd,!1))}else n.addEventListener(a.start,e.onTouchStart,!1),m.addEventListener(a.move,e.onTouchMove,r),m.addEventListener(a.end,e.onTouchEnd,!1);(t.preventClicks||t.preventClicksPropagation)&&n.addEventListener("click",e.onClick,!0),e.on(b.ios||b.android?"resize orientationchange observerUpdate":"resize observerUpdate",l,!0)},detachEvents:function(){var e=this,t=e.params,a=e.touchEvents,i=e.el,s=e.wrapperEl,n="container"===t.touchEventsTarget?i:s,r=!!t.nested;if(G.touch||!G.pointerEvents&&!G.prefixedPointerEvents){if(G.touch){var o=!("onTouchStart"!==a.start||!G.passiveListener||!t.passiveListeners)&&{passive:!0,capture:!1};n.removeEventListener(a.start,e.onTouchStart,o),n.removeEventListener(a.move,e.onTouchMove,r),n.removeEventListener(a.end,e.onTouchEnd,o)}(t.simulateTouch&&!b.ios&&!b.android||t.simulateTouch&&!G.touch&&b.ios)&&(n.removeEventListener("mousedown",e.onTouchStart,!1),m.removeEventListener("mousemove",e.onTouchMove,r),m.removeEventListener("mouseup",e.onTouchEnd,!1))}else n.removeEventListener(a.start,e.onTouchStart,!1),m.removeEventListener(a.move,e.onTouchMove,r),m.removeEventListener(a.end,e.onTouchEnd,!1);(t.preventClicks||t.preventClicksPropagation)&&n.removeEventListener("click",e.onClick,!0),e.off(b.ios||b.android?"resize orientationchange observerUpdate":"resize observerUpdate",l)}},w={setBreakpoint:function(){var e=this,t=e.activeIndex,a=e.initialized,i=e.loopedSlides;void 0===i&&(i=0);var s=e.params,n=s.breakpoints;if(n&&(!n||0!==Object.keys(n).length)){var r=e.getBreakpoint(n);if(r&&e.currentBreakpoint!==r){var o=r in n?n[r]:e.originalParams,l=s.loop&&o.slidesPerView!==s.slidesPerView;q.extend(e.params,o),q.extend(e,{allowTouchMove:e.params.allowTouchMove,allowSlideNext:e.params.allowSlideNext,allowSlidePrev:e.params.allowSlidePrev}),e.currentBreakpoint=r,l&&a&&(e.loopDestroy(),e.loopCreate(),e.updateSlides(),e.slideTo(t-i+e.loopedSlides,0,!1)),e.emit("breakpoint",o)}}},getBreakpoint:function(e){if(e){var t=!1,a=[];Object.keys(e).forEach(function(e){a.push(e)}),a.sort(function(e,t){return parseInt(e,10)-parseInt(t,10)});for(var i=0;i<a.length;i+=1){var s=a[i];this.params.breakpointsInverse?s<=j.innerWidth&&(t=s):s>=j.innerWidth&&!t&&(t=s)}return t||"max"}}},P={isIE:!!j.navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident/g)||!!j.navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE/g),isEdge:!!j.navigator.userAgent.match(/Edge/g),isSafari:(o=j.navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(),0<=o.indexOf("safari")&&o.indexOf("chrome")<0&&o.indexOf("android")<0),isUiWebView:/(iPhone|iPod|iPad).*AppleWebKit(?!.*Safari)/i.test(j.navigator.userAgent)},E={init:!0,direction:"horizontal",touchEventsTarget:"container",initialSlide:0,speed:300,preventInteractionOnTransition:!1,edgeSwipeDetection:!1,edgeSwipeThreshold:20,freeMode:!1,freeModeMomentum:!0,freeModeMomentumRatio:1,freeModeMomentumBounce:!0,freeModeMomentumBounceRatio:1,freeModeMomentumVelocityRatio:1,freeModeSticky:!1,freeModeMinimumVelocity:.02,autoHeight:!1,setWrapperSize:!1,virtualTranslate:!1,effect:"slide",breakpoints:void 0,breakpointsInverse:!1,spaceBetween:0,slidesPerView:1,slidesPerColumn:1,slidesPerColumnFill:"column",slidesPerGroup:1,centeredSlides:!1,slidesOffsetBefore:0,slidesOffsetAfter:0,normalizeSlideIndex:!0,centerInsufficientSlides:!1,watchOverflow:!1,roundLengths:!1,touchRatio:1,touchAngle:45,simulateTouch:!0,shortSwipes:!0,longSwipes:!0,longSwipesRatio:.5,longSwipesMs:300,followFinger:!0,allowTouchMove:!0,threshold:0,touchMoveStopPropagation:!0,touchStartPreventDefault:!0,touchReleaseOnEdges:!1,uniqueNavElements:!0,resistance:!0,resistanceRatio:.85,watchSlidesProgress:!1,watchSlidesVisibility:!1,grabCursor:!1,preventClicks:!0,preventClicksPropagation:!0,slideToClickedSlide:!1,preloadImages:!0,updateOnImagesReady:!0,loop:!1,loopAdditionalSlides:0,loopedSlides:null,loopFillGroupWithBlank:!1,allowSlidePrev:!0,allowSlideNext:!0,swipeHandler:null,noSwiping:!0,noSwipingClass:"swiper-no-swiping",noSwipingSelector:null,passiveListeners:!0,containerModifierClass:"swiper-container-",slideClass:"swiper-slide",slideBlankClass:"swiper-slide-invisible-blank",slideActiveClass:"swiper-slide-active",slideDuplicateActiveClass:"swiper-slide-duplicate-active",slideVisibleClass:"swiper-slide-visible",slideDuplicateClass:"swiper-slide-duplicate",slideNextClass:"swiper-slide-next",slideDuplicateNextClass:"swiper-slide-duplicate-next",slidePrevClass:"swiper-slide-prev",slideDuplicatePrevClass:"swiper-slide-duplicate-prev",wrapperClass:"swiper-wrapper",runCallbacksOnInit:!0},x={update:c,translate:u,transition:p,slide:h,loop:f,grabCursor:v,manipulation:g,events:y,breakpoints:w,checkOverflow:{checkOverflow:function(){var e=this,t=e.isLocked;e.isLocked=1===e.snapGrid.length,e.allowSlideNext=!e.isLocked,e.allowSlidePrev=!e.isLocked,t!==e.isLocked&&e.emit(e.isLocked?"lock":"unlock"),t&&t!==e.isLocked&&(e.isEnd=!1,e.navigation.update())}},classes:{addClasses:function(){var t=this.classNames,a=this.params,e=this.rtl,i=this.$el,s=[];s.push(a.direction),a.freeMode&&s.push("free-mode"),G.flexbox||s.push("no-flexbox"),a.autoHeight&&s.push("autoheight"),e&&s.push("rtl"),1<a.slidesPerColumn&&s.push("multirow"),b.android&&s.push("android"),b.ios&&s.push("ios"),(P.isIE||P.isEdge)&&(G.pointerEvents||G.prefixedPointerEvents)&&s.push("wp8-"+a.direction),s.forEach(function(e){t.push(a.containerModifierClass+e)}),i.addClass(t.join(" "))},removeClasses:function(){var e=this.$el,t=this.classNames;e.removeClass(t.join(" "))}},images:{loadImage:function(e,t,a,i,s,n){function r(){n&&n()}var o;e.complete&&s?r():t?((o=new 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t=n.modules[e];if(t.params){var a=Object.keys(t.params)[0],i=t.params[a];if("object"!=typeof i||null===i)return;if(!(a in s&&"enabled"in i))return;!0===s[a]&&(s[a]={enabled:!0}),"object"!=typeof s[a]||"enabled"in s[a]||(s[a].enabled=!0),s[a]||(s[a]={enabled:!1})}});var r=q.extend({},E);n.useModulesParams(r),n.params=q.extend({},r,T,s),n.originalParams=q.extend({},n.params),n.passedParams=q.extend({},s);var o=(n.$=_)(n.params.el);if(t=o[0]){if(1<o.length){var l=[];return o.each(function(e,t){var a=q.extend({},s,{el:t});l.push(new h(a))}),l}t.swiper=n,o.data("swiper",n);var d,c,u=o.children("."+n.params.wrapperClass);return q.extend(n,{$el:o,el:t,$wrapperEl:u,wrapperEl:u[0],classNames:[],slides:_(),slidesGrid:[],snapGrid:[],slidesSizesGrid:[],isHorizontal:function(){return"horizontal"===n.params.direction},isVertical:function(){return"vertical"===n.params.direction},rtl:"rtl"===t.dir.toLowerCase()||"rtl"===o.css("direction"),rtlTranslate:"horizontal"===n.params.direction&&("rtl"===t.dir.toLowerCase()||"rtl"===o.css("direction")),wrongRTL:"-webkit-box"===u.css("display"),activeIndex:0,realIndex:0,isBeginning:!0,isEnd:!1,translate:0,previousTranslate:0,progress:0,velocity:0,animating:!1,allowSlideNext:n.params.allowSlideNext,allowSlidePrev:n.params.allowSlidePrev,touchEvents:(d=["touchstart","touchmove","touchend"],c=["mousedown","mousemove","mouseup"],G.pointerEvents?c=["pointerdown","pointermove","pointerup"]:G.prefixedPointerEvents&&(c=["MSPointerDown","MSPointerMove","MSPointerUp"]),n.touchEventsTouch={start:d[0],move:d[1],end:d[2]},n.touchEventsDesktop={start:c[0],move:c[1],end:c[2]},G.touch||!n.params.simulateTouch?n.touchEventsTouch:n.touchEventsDesktop),touchEventsData:{isTouched:void 0,isMoved:void 0,allowTouchCallbacks:void 0,touchStartTime:void 0,isScrolling:void 0,currentTranslate:void 0,startTranslate:void 0,allowThresholdMove:void 0,formElements:"input, select, option, textarea, button, video",lastClickTime:q.now(),clickTimeout:void 0,velocities:[],allowMomentumBounce:void 0,isTouchEvent:void 0,startMoving:void 0},allowClick:!0,allowTouchMove:n.params.allowTouchMove,touches:{startX:0,startY:0,currentX:0,currentY:0,diff:0},imagesToLoad:[],imagesLoaded:0}),n.useModules(),n.params.init&&n.init(),n}}p&&(h.__proto__=p);var e={extendedDefaults:{configurable:!0},defaults:{configurable:!0},Class:{configurable:!0},$:{configurable:!0}};return((h.prototype=Object.create(p&&p.prototype)).constructor=h).prototype.slidesPerViewDynamic=function(){var e=this,t=e.params,a=e.slides,i=e.slidesGrid,s=e.size,n=e.activeIndex,r=1;if(t.centeredSlides){for(var o,l=a[n].swiperSlideSize,d=n+1;d<a.length;d+=1)a[d]&&!o&&(r+=1,s<(l+=a[d].swiperSlideSize)&&(o=!0));for(var 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e=this;e.initialized||(e.emit("beforeInit"),e.params.breakpoints&&e.setBreakpoint(),e.addClasses(),e.params.loop&&e.loopCreate(),e.updateSize(),e.updateSlides(),e.params.watchOverflow&&e.checkOverflow(),e.params.grabCursor&&e.setGrabCursor(),e.params.preloadImages&&e.preloadImages(),e.params.loop?e.slideTo(e.params.initialSlide+e.loopedSlides,0,e.params.runCallbacksOnInit):e.slideTo(e.params.initialSlide,0,e.params.runCallbacksOnInit),e.attachEvents(),e.initialized=!0,e.emit("init"))},h.prototype.destroy=function(e,t){void 0===e&&(e=!0),void 0===t&&(t=!0);var a=this,i=a.params,s=a.$el,n=a.$wrapperEl,r=a.slides;return void 0===a.params||a.destroyed||(a.emit("beforeDestroy"),a.initialized=!1,a.detachEvents(),i.loop&&a.loopDestroy(),t&&(a.removeClasses(),s.removeAttr("style"),n.removeAttr("style"),r&&r.length&&r.removeClass([i.slideVisibleClass,i.slideActiveClass,i.slideNextClass,i.slidePrevClass].join(" 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e=this;q.extend(e,{resize:{resizeHandler:function(){e&&!e.destroyed&&e.initialized&&(e.emit("beforeResize"),e.emit("resize"))},orientationChangeHandler:function(){e&&!e.destroyed&&e.initialized&&e.emit("orientationchange")}}})},on:{init:function(){j.addEventListener("resize",this.resize.resizeHandler),j.addEventListener("orientationchange",this.resize.orientationChangeHandler)},destroy:function(){j.removeEventListener("resize",this.resize.resizeHandler),j.removeEventListener("orientationchange",this.resize.orientationChangeHandler)}}},D={func:j.MutationObserver||j.WebkitMutationObserver,attach:function(e,t){void 0===t&&(t={});var a=this,i=new D.func(function(e){if(1!==e.length){var t=function(){a.emit("observerUpdate",e[0])};j.requestAnimationFrame?j.requestAnimationFrame(t):j.setTimeout(t,0)}else a.emit("observerUpdate",e[0])});i.observe(e,{attributes:void 0===t.attributes||t.attributes,childList:void 0===t.childList||t.childList,characterData:void 0===t.characterData||t.characterData}),a.observer.observers.push(i)},init:function(){var e=this;if(G.observer&&e.params.observer){if(e.params.observeParents)for(var t=e.$el.parents(),a=0;a<t.length;a+=1)e.observer.attach(t[a]);e.observer.attach(e.$el[0],{childList:!1}),e.observer.attach(e.$wrapperEl[0],{attributes:!1})}},destroy:function(){this.observer.observers.forEach(function(e){e.disconnect()}),this.observer.observers=[]}},A={name:"observer",params:{observer:!1,observeParents:!1},create:function(){q.extend(this,{observer:{init:D.init.bind(this),attach:D.attach.bind(this),destroy:D.destroy.bind(this),observers:[]}})},on:{init:function(){this.observer.init()},destroy:function(){this.observer.destroy()}}},I={update:function(e){function t(){a.updateSlides(),a.updateProgress(),a.updateSlidesClasses(),a.lazy&&a.params.lazy.enabled&&a.lazy.load()}var a=this,i=a.params,s=i.slidesPerView,n=i.slidesPerGroup,r=i.centeredSlides,o=a.params.virtual,l=o.addSlidesBefore,d=o.addSlidesAfter,c=a.virtual,u=c.from,p=c.to,h=c.slides,f=c.slidesGrid,m=c.renderSlide,v=c.offset;a.updateActiveIndex();var g,b,y,w=a.activeIndex||0;g=a.rtlTranslate?"right":a.isHorizontal()?"left":"top",r?(b=Math.floor(s/2)+n+l,y=Math.floor(s/2)+n+d):(b=s+(n-1)+l,y=n+d);var E=Math.max((w||0)-y,0),x=Math.min((w||0)+b,h.length-1),T=(a.slidesGrid[E]||0)-(a.slidesGrid[0]||0);if(q.extend(a.virtual,{from:E,to:x,offset:T,slidesGrid:a.slidesGrid}),u===E&&p===x&&!e)return a.slidesGrid!==f&&T!==v&&a.slides.css(g,T+"px"),void a.updateProgress();if(a.params.virtual.renderExternal)return a.params.virtual.renderExternal.call(a,{offset:T,from:E,to:x,slides:function(){for(var e=[],t=E;t<=x;t+=1)e.push(h[t]);return e}()}),void t();var S=[],C=[];if(e)a.$wrapperEl.find("."+a.params.slideClass).remove();else for(var k=u;k<=p;k+=1)(k<E||x<k)&&a.$wrapperEl.find("."+a.params.slideClass+'[data-swiper-slide-index="'+k+'"]').remove();for(var M=0;M<h.length;M+=1)E<=M&&M<=x&&(void 0===p||e?C.push(M):(p<M&&C.push(M),M<u&&S.push(M)));C.forEach(function(e){a.$wrapperEl.append(m(h[e],e))}),S.sort(function(e,t){return e<t}).forEach(function(e){a.$wrapperEl.prepend(m(h[e],e))}),a.$wrapperEl.children(".swiper-slide").css(g,T+"px"),t()},renderSlide:function(e,t){var a=this,i=a.params.virtual;if(i.cache&&a.virtual.cache[t])return a.virtual.cache[t];var s=i.renderSlide?_(i.renderSlide.call(a,e,t)):_('<div class="'+a.params.slideClass+'" data-swiper-slide-index="'+t+'">'+e+"</div>");return s.attr("data-swiper-slide-index")||s.attr("data-swiper-slide-index",t),i.cache&&(a.virtual.cache[t]=s),s},appendSlide:function(e){this.virtual.slides.push(e),this.virtual.update(!0)},prependSlide:function(e){var t=this;if(t.virtual.slides.unshift(e),t.params.virtual.cache){var a=t.virtual.cache,i={};Object.keys(a).forEach(function(e){i[e+1]=a[e]}),t.virtual.cache=i}t.virtual.update(!0),t.slideNext(0)}},z={name:"virtual",params:{virtual:{enabled:!1,slides:[],cache:!0,renderSlide:null,renderExternal:null,addSlidesBefore:0,addSlidesAfter:0}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{virtual:{update:I.update.bind(e),appendSlide:I.appendSlide.bind(e),prependSlide:I.prependSlide.bind(e),renderSlide:I.renderSlide.bind(e),slides:e.params.virtual.slides,cache:{}}})},on:{beforeInit:function(){var e=this;if(e.params.virtual.enabled){e.classNames.push(e.params.containerModifierClass+"virtual");var t={watchSlidesProgress:!0};q.extend(e.params,t),q.extend(e.originalParams,t),e.virtual.update()}},setTranslate:function(){this.params.virtual.enabled&&this.virtual.update()}}},$={handle:function(e){var t=this,a=t.rtlTranslate,i=e;i.originalEvent&&(i=i.originalEvent);var s=i.keyCode||i.charCode;if(!t.allowSlideNext&&(t.isHorizontal()&&39===s||t.isVertical()&&40===s))return!1;if(!t.allowSlidePrev&&(t.isHorizontal()&&37===s||t.isVertical()&&38===s))return!1;if(!(i.shiftKey||i.altKey||i.ctrlKey||i.metaKey||m.activeElement&&m.activeElement.nodeName&&("input"===m.activeElement.nodeName.toLowerCase()||"textarea"===m.activeElement.nodeName.toLowerCase()))){if(t.params.keyboard.onlyInViewport&&(37===s||39===s||38===s||40===s)){var n=!1;if(0<t.$el.parents("."+t.params.slideClass).length&&0===t.$el.parents("."+t.params.slideActiveClass).length)return;var r=j.innerWidth,o=j.innerHeight,l=t.$el.offset();a&&(l.left-=t.$el[0].scrollLeft);for(var d=[[l.left,l.top],[l.left+t.width,l.top],[l.left,l.top+t.height],[l.left+t.width,l.top+t.height]],c=0;c<d.length;c+=1){var u=d[c];0<=u[0]&&u[0]<=r&&0<=u[1]&&u[1]<=o&&(n=!0)}if(!n)return}t.isHorizontal()?(37!==s&&39!==s||(i.preventDefault?i.preventDefault():i.returnValue=!1),(39===s&&!a||37===s&&a)&&t.slideNext(),(37===s&&!a||39===s&&a)&&t.slidePrev()):(38!==s&&40!==s||(i.preventDefault?i.preventDefault():i.returnValue=!1),40===s&&t.slideNext(),38===s&&t.slidePrev()),t.emit("keyPress",s)}},enable:function(){this.keyboard.enabled||(_(m).on("keydown",this.keyboard.handle) ,this.keyboard.enabled=!0)},disable:function(){this.keyboard.enabled&&(_(m).off("keydown",this.keyboard.handle),this.keyboard.enabled=!1)}},O={name:"keyboard",params:{keyboard:{enabled:!1,onlyInViewport:!0}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{keyboard:{enabled:!1,enable:$.enable.bind(this),disable:$.disable.bind(this),handle:$.handle.bind(this)}})},on:{init:function(){this.params.keyboard.enabled&&this.keyboard.enable()},destroy:function(){this.keyboard.enabled&&this.keyboard.disable()}}},B={lastScrollTime:q.now(),event:-1<j.navigator.userAgent.indexOf("firefox")?"DOMMouseScroll":function(){var e="onwheel",t=e in m;if(!t){var a=m.createElement("div");a.setAttribute(e,"return;"),t="function"==typeof a[e]}return!t&&m.implementation&&m.implementation.hasFeature&&!0!==m.implementation.hasFeature("","")&&(t=m.implementation.hasFeature("Events.wheel","3.0")),t}()?"wheel":"mousewheel",normalize:function(e){var t=0,a=0,i=0,s=0;return"detail"in e&&(a=e.detail),"wheelDelta"in e&&(a=-e.wheelDelta/120),"wheelDeltaY"in e&&(a=-e.wheelDeltaY/120),"wheelDeltaX"in e&&(t=-e.wheelDeltaX/120),"axis"in e&&e.axis===e.HORIZONTAL_AXIS&&(t=a,a=0),i=10*t,s=10*a,"deltaY"in e&&(s=e.deltaY),"deltaX"in e&&(i=e.deltaX),(i||s)&&e.deltaMode&&(1===e.deltaMode?(i*=40,s*=40):(i*=800,s*=800)),i&&!t&&(t=i<1?-1:1),s&&!a&&(a=s<1?-1:1),{spinX:t,spinY:a,pixelX:i,pixelY:s}},handleMouseEnter:function(){this.mouseEntered=!0},handleMouseLeave:function(){this.mouseEntered=!1},handle:function(e){var t=e,a=this,i=a.params.mousewheel;if(!a.mouseEntered&&!i.releaseOnEdges)return!0;t.originalEvent&&(t=t.originalEvent);var s=0,n=a.rtlTranslate?-1:1,r=B.normalize(t);if(i.forceToAxis)if(a.isHorizontal()){if(!(Math.abs(r.pixelX)>Math.abs(r.pixelY)))return!0;s=r.pixelX*n}else{if(!(Math.abs(r.pixelY)>Math.abs(r.pixelX)))return!0;s=r.pixelY}else s=Math.abs(r.pixelX)>Math.abs(r.pixelY)?-r.pixelX*n:-r.pixelY;if(0===s)return!0;if(i.invert&&(s=-s),a.params.freeMode){a.params.loop&&a.loopFix();var o=a.getTranslate()+s*i.sensitivity,l=a.isBeginning,d=a.isEnd;if(o>=a.minTranslate()&&(o=a.minTranslate()),o<=a.maxTranslate()&&(o=a.maxTranslate()),a.setTransition(0),a.setTranslate(o),a.updateProgress(),a.updateActiveIndex(),a.updateSlidesClasses(),(!l&&a.isBeginning||!d&&a.isEnd)&&a.updateSlidesClasses(),a.params.freeModeSticky&&(clearTimeout(a.mousewheel.timeout),a.mousewheel.timeout=q.nextTick(function(){a.slideToClosest()},300)),a.emit("scroll",t),a.params.autoplay&&a.params.autoplayDisableOnInteraction&&a.autoplay.stop(),o===a.minTranslate()||o===a.maxTranslate())return!0}else{if(60<q.now()-a.mousewheel.lastScrollTime)if(s<0)if(a.isEnd&&!a.params.loop||a.animating){if(i.releaseOnEdges)return!0}else a.slideNext(),a.emit("scroll",t);else if(a.isBeginning&&!a.params.loop||a.animating){if(i.releaseOnEdges)return!0}else a.slidePrev(),a.emit("scroll",t);a.mousewheel.lastScrollTime=(new j.Date).getTime()}return t.preventDefault?t.preventDefault():t.returnValue=!1,!1},enable:function(){var e=this;if(!B.event)return!1;if(e.mousewheel.enabled)return!1;var t=e.$el;return"container"!==e.params.mousewheel.eventsTarged&&(t=_(e.params.mousewheel.eventsTarged)),t.on("mouseenter",e.mousewheel.handleMouseEnter),t.on("mouseleave",e.mousewheel.handleMouseLeave),t.on(B.event,e.mousewheel.handle),e.mousewheel.enabled=!0},disable:function(){var e=this;if(!B.event)return!1;if(!e.mousewheel.enabled)return!1;var t=e.$el;return"container"!==e.params.mousewheel.eventsTarged&&(t=_(e.params.mousewheel.eventsTarged)),t.off(B.event,e.mousewheel.handle),!(e.mousewheel.enabled=!1)}},N={update:function(){var e=this,t=e.params.navigation;if(!e.params.loop){var a=e.navigation,i=a.$nextEl,s=a.$prevEl;s&&0<s.length&&(e.isBeginning?s.addClass(t.disabledClass):s.removeClass(t.disabledClass),s[e.params.watchOverflow&&e.isLocked?"addClass":"removeClass"](t.lockClass)),i&&0<i.length&&(e.isEnd?i.addClass(t.disabledClass):i.removeClass(t.disabledClass),i[e.params.watchOverflow&&e.isLocked?"addClass":"removeClass"](t.lockClass))}},init:function(){var e,t,a=this,i=a.params.navigation;(i.nextEl||i.prevEl)&&(i.nextEl&&(e=_(i.nextEl),a.params.uniqueNavElements&&"string"==typeof i.nextEl&&1<e.length&&1===a.$el.find(i.nextEl).length&&(e=a.$el.find(i.nextEl))),i.prevEl&&(t=_(i.prevEl),a.params.uniqueNavElements&&"string"==typeof i.prevEl&&1<t.length&&1===a.$el.find(i.prevEl).length&&(t=a.$el.find(i.prevEl))),e&&0<e.length&&e.on("click",function(e){e.preventDefault(),a.isEnd&&!a.params.loop||a.slideNext()}),t&&0<t.length&&t.on("click",function(e){e.preventDefault(),a.isBeginning&&!a.params.loop||a.slidePrev()}),q.extend(a.navigation,{$nextEl:e,nextEl:e&&e[0],$prevEl:t,prevEl:t&&t[0]}))},destroy:function(){var e=this.navigation,t=e.$nextEl,a=e.$prevEl;t&&t.length&&(t.off("click"),t.removeClass(this.params.navigation.disabledClass)),a&&a.length&&(a.off("click"),a.removeClass(this.params.navigation.disabledClass))}},H={update:function(){var e=this,t=e.rtl,s=e.params.pagination;if(s.el&&e.pagination.el&&e.pagination.$el&&0!==e.pagination.$el.length){var n,a=e.virtual&&e.params.virtual.enabled?e.virtual.slides.length:e.slides.length,i=e.pagination.$el,r=e.params.loop?Math.ceil((a-2*e.loopedSlides)/e.params.slidesPerGroup):e.snapGrid.length;if(e.params.loop?((n=Math.ceil((e.activeIndex-e.loopedSlides)/e.params.slidesPerGroup))>a-1-2*e.loopedSlides&&(n-=a-2*e.loopedSlides),r-1<n&&(n-=r),n<0&&"bullets"!==e.params.paginationType&&(n=r+n)):n=void 0!==e.snapIndex?e.snapIndex:e.activeIndex||0,"bullets"===s.type&&e.pagination.bullets&&0<e.pagination.bullets.length){var o,l,d,c=e.pagination.bullets;if(s.dynamicBullets&&(e.pagination.bulletSize=c.eq(0)[e.isHorizontal()?"outerWidth":"outerHeight"](!0),i.css(e.isHorizontal()?"width":"height",e.pagination.bulletSize*(s.dynamicMainBullets+4)+"px"),1<s.dynamicMainBullets&&void 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u=c.eq(o),p=c.eq(l),h=o;h<=l;h+=1)c.eq(h).addClass(s.bulletActiveClass+"-main");u.prev().addClass(s.bulletActiveClass+"-prev").prev().addClass(s.bulletActiveClass+"-prev-prev"),p.next().addClass(s.bulletActiveClass+"-next").next().addClass(s.bulletActiveClass+"-next-next")}if(s.dynamicBullets){var f=Math.min(c.length,s.dynamicMainBullets+4),m=(e.pagination.bulletSize*f-e.pagination.bulletSize)/2-d*e.pagination.bulletSize,v=t?"right":"left";c.css(e.isHorizontal()?v:"top",m+"px")}}if("fraction"===s.type&&(i.find("."+s.currentClass).text(s.formatFractionCurrent(n+1)),i.find("."+s.totalClass).text(s.formatFractionTotal(r))),"progressbar"===s.type){var g;g=s.progressbarOpposite?e.isHorizontal()?"vertical":"horizontal":e.isHorizontal()?"horizontal":"vertical";var b=(n+1)/r,y=1,w=1;"horizontal"===g?y=b:w=b,i.find("."+s.progressbarFillClass).transform("translate3d(0,0,0) scaleX("+y+") 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t=_(this).index()*a.params.slidesPerGroup;a.params.loop&&(t+=a.loopedSlides),a.slideTo(t)}),q.extend(a.pagination,{$el:t,el:t[0]}))}},destroy:function(){var e=this,t=e.params.pagination;if(t.el&&e.pagination.el&&e.pagination.$el&&0!==e.pagination.$el.length){var a=e.pagination.$el;a.removeClass(t.hiddenClass),a.removeClass(t.modifierClass+t.type),e.pagination.bullets&&e.pagination.bullets.removeClass(t.bulletActiveClass),t.clickable&&a.off("click","."+t.bulletClass)}}},F={setTranslate:function(){var e=this;if(e.params.scrollbar.el&&e.scrollbar.el){var t=e.scrollbar,a=e.rtlTranslate,i=e.progress,s=t.dragSize,n=t.trackSize,r=t.$dragEl,o=t.$el,l=e.params.scrollbar,d=s,c=(n-s)*i;a?0<(c=-c)?(d=s-c,c=0):n<-c+s&&(d=n+c):c<0?(d=s+c,c=0):n<c+s&&(d=n-c),e.isHorizontal()?(G.transforms3d?r.transform("translate3d("+c+"px, 0, 0)"):r.transform("translateX("+c+"px)"),r[0].style.width=d+"px"):(G.transforms3d?r.transform("translate3d(0px, "+c+"px, 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t=e.scrollbar,a=e.touchEvents,i=e.touchEventsDesktop,s=e.params,n=t.$el[0],r=!(!G.passiveListener||!s.passiveListeners)&&{passive:!1,capture:!1},o=!(!G.passiveListener||!s.passiveListeners)&&{passive:!0,capture:!1};G.touch||!G.pointerEvents&&!G.prefixedPointerEvents?(G.touch&&(n.removeEventListener(a.start,e.scrollbar.onDragStart,r),n.removeEventListener(a.move,e.scrollbar.onDragMove,r),n.removeEventListener(a.end,e.scrollbar.onDragEnd,o)),(s.simulateTouch&&!b.ios&&!b.android||s.simulateTouch&&!G.touch&&b.ios)&&(n.removeEventListener("mousedown",e.scrollbar.onDragStart,r),m.removeEventListener("mousemove",e.scrollbar.onDragMove,r),m.removeEventListener("mouseup",e.scrollbar.onDragEnd,o))):(n.removeEventListener(i.start,e.scrollbar.onDragStart,r),m.removeEventListener(i.move,e.scrollbar.onDragMove,r),m.removeEventListener(i.end,e.scrollbar.onDragEnd,o))}},init:function(){var e=this;if(e.params.scrollbar.el){var 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t=this.params.zoom,a=this.zoom,i=a.gesture;if(!G.gestures){if("touchmove"!==e.type||"touchmove"===e.type&&e.targetTouches.length<2)return;a.fakeGestureMoved=!0,i.scaleMove=Y.getDistanceBetweenTouches(e)}i.$imageEl&&0!==i.$imageEl.length&&(G.gestures?this.zoom.scale=e.scale*a.currentScale:a.scale=i.scaleMove/i.scaleStart*a.currentScale,a.scale>i.maxRatio&&(a.scale=i.maxRatio-1+Math.pow(a.scale-i.maxRatio+1,.5)),a.scale<t.minRatio&&(a.scale=t.minRatio+1-Math.pow(t.minRatio-a.scale+1,.5)),i.$imageEl.transform("translate3d(0,0,0) scale("+a.scale+")"))},onGestureEnd:function(e){var t=this.params.zoom,a=this.zoom,i=a.gesture;if(!G.gestures){if(!a.fakeGestureTouched||!a.fakeGestureMoved)return;if("touchend"!==e.type||"touchend"===e.type&&e.changedTouches.length<2&&!b.android)return;a.fakeGestureTouched=!1,a.fakeGestureMoved=!1}i.$imageEl&&0!==i.$imageEl.length&&(a.scale=Math.max(Math.min(a.scale,i.maxRatio),t.minRatio),i.$imageEl.transition(this.params.speed).transform("translate3d(0,0,0) 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r=s.width*a.scale,o=s.height*a.scale;if(!(r<i.slideWidth&&o<i.slideHeight)){if(s.minX=Math.min(i.slideWidth/2-r/2,0),s.maxX=-s.minX,s.minY=Math.min(i.slideHeight/2-o/2,0),s.maxY=-s.minY,s.touchesCurrent.x="touchmove"===e.type?e.targetTouches[0].pageX:e.pageX,s.touchesCurrent.y="touchmove"===e.type?e.targetTouches[0].pageY:e.pageY,!s.isMoved&&!a.isScaling){if(t.isHorizontal()&&(Math.floor(s.minX)===Math.floor(s.startX)&&s.touchesCurrent.x<s.touchesStart.x||Math.floor(s.maxX)===Math.floor(s.startX)&&s.touchesCurrent.x>s.touchesStart.x))return void(s.isTouched=!1);if(!t.isHorizontal()&&(Math.floor(s.minY)===Math.floor(s.startY)&&s.touchesCurrent.y<s.touchesStart.y||Math.floor(s.maxY)===Math.floor(s.startY)&&s.touchesCurrent.y>s.touchesStart.y))return void(s.isTouched=!1)}e.preventDefault(),e.stopPropagation(),s.isMoved=!0,s.currentX=s.touchesCurrent.x-s.touchesStart.x+s.startX,s.currentY=s.touchesCurrent.y-s.touchesStart.y+s.startY,s.currentX<s.minX&&(s.currentX=s.minX+1-Math.pow(s.minX-s.currentX+1,.8)),s.currentX>s.maxX&&(s.currentX=s.maxX-1+Math.pow(s.currentX-s.maxX+1,.8)),s.currentY<s.minY&&(s.currentY=s.minY+1-Math.pow(s.minY-s.currentY+1,.8)),s.currentY>s.maxY&&(s.currentY=s.maxY-1+Math.pow(s.currentY-s.maxY+1,.8)),n.prevPositionX||(n.prevPositionX=s.touchesCurrent.x),n.prevPositionY||(n.prevPositionY=s.touchesCurrent.y),n.prevTime||(n.prevTime=Date.now()),n.x=(s.touchesCurrent.x-n.prevPositionX)/(Date.now()-n.prevTime)/2,n.y=(s.touchesCurrent.y-n.prevPositionY)/(Date.now()-n.prevTime)/2,Math.abs(s.touchesCurrent.x-n.prevPositionX)<2&&(n.x=0),Math.abs(s.touchesCurrent.y-n.prevPositionY)<2&&(n.y=0),n.prevPositionX=s.touchesCurrent.x,n.prevPositionY=s.touchesCurrent.y,n.prevTime=Date.now(),i.$imageWrapEl.transform("translate3d("+s.currentX+"px, 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s=t.eq(i),n=s[0].progress;e.params.flipEffect.limitRotation&&(n=Math.max(Math.min(s[0].progress,1),-1));var r=-180*n,o=0,l=-s[0].swiperSlideOffset,d=0;if(e.isHorizontal()?a&&(r=-r):(d=l,o=-r,r=l=0),s[0].style.zIndex=-Math.abs(Math.round(n))+t.length,e.params.flipEffect.slideShadows){var c=e.isHorizontal()?s.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-left"):s.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-top"),u=e.isHorizontal()?s.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-right"):s.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-bottom");0===c.length&&(c=_('<div class="swiper-slide-shadow-'+(e.isHorizontal()?"left":"top")+'"></div>'),s.append(c)),0===u.length&&(u=_('<div class="swiper-slide-shadow-'+(e.isHorizontal()?"right":"bottom")+'"></div>'),s.append(u)),c.length&&(c[0].style.opacity=Math.max(-n,0)),u.length&&(u[0].style.opacity=Math.max(n,0))}s.transform("translate3d("+l+"px, "+d+"px, 0px) rotateX("+o+"deg) rotateY("+r+"deg)")}},setTransition:function(e){var a=this,t=a.slides,i=a.activeIndex,s=a.$wrapperEl;if(t.transition(e).find(".swiper-slide-shadow-top, .swiper-slide-shadow-right, .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom, .swiper-slide-shadow-left").transition(e),a.params.virtualTranslate&&0!==e){var n=!1;t.eq(i).transitionEnd(function(){if(!n&&a&&!a.destroyed){n=!0,a.animating=!1;for(var e=["webkitTransitionEnd","transitionend"],t=0;t<e.length;t+=1)s.trigger(e[t])}})}}},te={setTranslate:function(){for(var e=this,t=e.width,a=e.height,i=e.slides,s=e.$wrapperEl,n=e.slidesSizesGrid,r=e.params.coverflowEffect,o=e.isHorizontal(),l=e.translate,d=o?t/2-l:a/2-l,c=o?r.rotate:-r.rotate,u=r.depth,p=0,h=i.length;p<h;p+=1){var f=i.eq(p),m=n[p],v=(d-f[0].swiperSlideOffset-m/2)/m*r.modifier,g=o?c*v:0,b=o?0:c*v,y=-u*Math.abs(v),w=o?0:r.stretch*v,E=o?r.stretch*v:0;Math.abs(E)<.001&&(E=0),Math.abs(w)<.001&&(w=0),Math.abs(y)<.001&&(y=0),Math.abs(g)<.001&&(g=0),Math.abs(b)<.001&&(b=0);var x="translate3d("+E+"px,"+w+"px,"+y+"px) rotateX("+b+"deg) rotateY("+g+"deg)";if(f.transform(x),f[0].style.zIndex=1-Math.abs(Math.round(v)),r.slideShadows){var T=o?f.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-left"):f.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-top"),S=o?f.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-right"):f.find(".swiper-slide-shadow-bottom");0===T.length&&(T=_('<div class="swiper-slide-shadow-'+(o?"left":"top")+'"></div>'),f.append(T)),0===S.length&&(S=_('<div class="swiper-slide-shadow-'+(o?"right":"bottom")+'"></div>'),f.append(S)),T.length&&(T[0].style.opacity=0<v?v:0),S.length&&(S[0].style.opacity=0<-v?-v:0)}}(G.pointerEvents||G.prefixedPointerEvents)&&(s[0].style.perspectiveOrigin=d+"px 50%")},setTransition:function(e){this.slides.transition(e).find(".swiper-slide-shadow-top, .swiper-slide-shadow-right, .swiper-slide-shadow-bottom, .swiper-slide-shadow-left").transition(e)}},ae={init:function(){var e=this,t=e.params.thumbs,a=e.constructor;t.swiper instanceof a?(e.thumbs.swiper=t.swiper,q.extend(e.thumbs.swiper.originalParams,{watchSlidesProgress:!0,slideToClickedSlide:!1}),q.extend(e.thumbs.swiper.params,{watchSlidesProgress:!0,slideToClickedSlide:!1})):q.isObject(t.swiper)&&(e.thumbs.swiper=new a(q.extend({},t.swiper,{watchSlidesVisibility:!0,watchSlidesProgress:!0,slideToClickedSlide:!1})),e.thumbs.swiperCreated=!0),e.thumbs.swiper.$el.addClass(e.params.thumbs.thumbsContainerClass),e.thumbs.swiper.on("tap",e.thumbs.onThumbClick)},onThumbClick:function(){var e=this,t=e.thumbs.swiper;if(t){var a=t.clickedIndex;if(null!=a){var i;if(i=t.params.loop?parseInt(_(t.clickedSlide).attr("data-swiper-slide-index"),10):a,e.params.loop){var s=e.activeIndex;e.slides.eq(s).hasClass(e.params.slideDuplicateClass)&&(e.loopFix(),e._clientLeft=e.$wrapperEl[0].clientLeft,s=e.activeIndex);var n=e.slides.eq(s).prevAll('[data-swiper-slide-index="'+i+'"]').eq(0).index(),r=e.slides.eq(s).nextAll('[data-swiper-slide-index="'+i+'"]').eq(0).index();i=void 0===n?r:void 0===r?n:r-s<s-n?r:n}e.slideTo(i)}}},update:function(e){var t=this,a=t.thumbs.swiper;if(a){var i="auto"===a.params.slidesPerView?a.slidesPerViewDynamic():a.params.slidesPerView;if(t.realIndex!==a.realIndex){var s,n=a.activeIndex;if(a.params.loop){a.slides.eq(n).hasClass(a.params.slideDuplicateClass)&&(a.loopFix(),a._clientLeft=a.$wrapperEl[0].clientLeft,n=a.activeIndex);var r=a.slides.eq(n).prevAll('[data-swiper-slide-index="'+t.realIndex+'"]').eq(0).index(),o=a.slides.eq(n).nextAll('[data-swiper-slide-index="'+t.realIndex+'"]').eq(0).index();s=void 0===r?o:void 0===o?r:o-n<n-r?o:r}else s=t.realIndex;a.visibleSlidesIndexes.indexOf(s)<0&&(a.params.centeredSlides?s=n<s?s-Math.floor(i/2)+1:s+Math.floor(i/2)-1:n<s&&(s=s-i+1),a.slideTo(s,e?0:void 0))}var l=1,d=t.params.thumbs.slideThumbActiveClass;if(1<t.params.slidesPerView&&!t.params.centeredSlides&&(l=t.params.slidesPerView),a.slides.removeClass(d),a.params.loop)for(var c=0;c<l;c+=1)a.$wrapperEl.children('[data-swiper-slide-index="'+(t.realIndex+c)+'"]').addClass(d);else for(var u=0;u<l;u+=1)a.slides.eq(t.realIndex+u).addClass(d)}}},ie=[C,k,M,L,A,z,O,{name:"mousewheel",params:{mousewheel:{enabled:!1,releaseOnEdges:!1,invert:!1,forceToAxis:!1,sensitivity:1,eventsTarged:"container"}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{mousewheel:{enabled:!1,enable:B.enable.bind(e),disable:B.disable.bind(e),handle:B.handle.bind(e),handleMouseEnter:B.handleMouseEnter.bind(e),handleMouseLeave:B.handleMouseLeave.bind(e),lastScrollTime:q.now()}})},on:{init:function(){this.params.mousewheel.enabled&&this.mousewheel.enable()},destroy:function(){this.mousewheel.enabled&&this.mousewheel.disable()}}},{name:"navigation",params:{navigation:{nextEl:null,prevEl:null,hideOnClick:!1,disabledClass:"swiper-button-disabled",hiddenClass:"swiper-button-hidden",lockClass:"swiper-button-lock"}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{navigation:{init:N.init.bind(this),update:N.update.bind(this),destroy:N.destroy.bind(this)}})},on:{init:function(){this.navigation.init(),this.navigation.update()},toEdge:function(){this.navigation.update()},fromEdge:function(){this.navigation.update()},destroy:function(){this.navigation.destroy()},click:function(e){var t=this.navigation,a=t.$nextEl,i=t.$prevEl;!this.params.navigation.hideOnClick||_(e.target).is(i)||_(e.target).is(a)||(a&&a.toggleClass(this.params.navigation.hiddenClass),i&&i.toggleClass(this.params.navigation.hiddenClass))}}},{name:"pagination",params:{pagination:{el:null,bulletElement:"span",clickable:!1,hideOnClick:!1,renderBullet:null,renderProgressbar:null,renderFraction:null,renderCustom:null,progressbarOpposite:!1,type:"bullets",dynamicBullets:!1,dynamicMainBullets:1,formatFractionCurrent:function(e){return e},formatFractionTotal:function(e){return e},bulletClass:"swiper-pagination-bullet",bulletActiveClass:"swiper-pagination-bullet-active",modifierClass:"swiper-pagination-",currentClass:"swiper-pagination-current",totalClass:"swiper-pagination-total",hiddenClass:"swiper-pagination-hidden",progressbarFillClass:"swiper-pagination-progressbar-fill",progressbarOppositeClass:"swiper-pagination-progressbar-opposite",clickableClass:"swiper-pagination-clickable",lockClass:"swiper-pagination-lock"}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{pagination:{init:H.init.bind(e),render:H.render.bind(e),update:H.update.bind(e),destroy:H.destroy.bind(e),dynamicBulletIndex:0}})},on:{init:function(){this.pagination.init(),this.pagination.render(),this.pagination.update()},activeIndexChange:function(){this.params.loop?this.pagination.update():void 0===this.snapIndex&&this.pagination.update()},snapIndexChange:function(){this.params.loop||this.pagination.update()},slidesLengthChange:function(){this.params.loop&&(this.pagination.render(),this.pagination.update())},snapGridLengthChange:function(){this.params.loop||(this.pagination.render(),this.pagination.update())},destroy:function(){this.pagination.destroy()},click:function(e){var t=this;t.params.pagination.el&&t.params.pagination.hideOnClick&&0<t.pagination.$el.length&&!_(e.target).hasClass(t.params.pagination.bulletClass)&&t.pagination.$el.toggleClass(t.params.pagination.hiddenClass)}}},{name:"scrollbar",params:{scrollbar:{el:null,dragSize:"auto",hide:!1,draggable:!1,snapOnRelease:!0,lockClass:"swiper-scrollbar-lock",dragClass:"swiper-scrollbar-drag"}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{scrollbar:{init:F.init.bind(e),destroy:F.destroy.bind(e),updateSize:F.updateSize.bind(e),setTranslate:F.setTranslate.bind(e),setTransition:F.setTransition.bind(e),enableDraggable:F.enableDraggable.bind(e),disableDraggable:F.disableDraggable.bind(e),setDragPosition:F.setDragPosition.bind(e),onDragStart:F.onDragStart.bind(e),onDragMove:F.onDragMove.bind(e),onDragEnd:F.onDragEnd.bind(e),isTouched:!1,timeout:null,dragTimeout:null}})},on:{init:function(){this.scrollbar.init(),this.scrollbar.updateSize(),this.scrollbar.setTranslate()},update:function(){this.scrollbar.updateSize()},resize:function(){this.scrollbar.updateSize()},observerUpdate:function(){this.scrollbar.updateSize()},setTranslate:function(){this.scrollbar.setTranslate()},setTransition:function(e){this.scrollbar.setTransition(e)},destroy:function(){this.scrollbar.destroy()}}},{name:"parallax",params:{parallax:{enabled:!1}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{parallax:{setTransform:X.setTransform.bind(this),setTranslate:X.setTranslate.bind(this),setTransition:X.setTransition.bind(this)}})},on:{beforeInit:function(){this.params.parallax.enabled&&(this.params.watchSlidesProgress=!0,this.originalParams.watchSlidesProgress=!0)},init:function(){this.params.parallax&&this.parallax.setTranslate()},setTranslate:function(){this.params.parallax&&this.parallax.setTranslate()},setTransition:function(e){this.params.parallax&&this.parallax.setTransition(e)}}},{name:"zoom",params:{zoom:{enabled:!1,maxRatio:3,minRatio:1,toggle:!0,containerClass:"swiper-zoom-container",zoomedSlideClass:"swiper-slide-zoomed"}},create:function(){var t=this,a={enabled:!1,scale:1,currentScale:1,isScaling:!1,gesture:{$slideEl:void 0,slideWidth:void 0,slideHeight:void 0,$imageEl:void 0,$imageWrapEl:void 0,maxRatio:3},image:{isTouched:void 0,isMoved:void 0,currentX:void 0,currentY:void 0,minX:void 0,minY:void 0,maxX:void 0,maxY:void 0,width:void 0,height:void 0,startX:void 0,startY:void 0,touchesStart:{},touchesCurrent:{}},velocity:{x:void 0,y:void 0,prevPositionX:void 0,prevPositionY:void 0,prevTime:void 0}};"onGestureStart onGestureChange onGestureEnd onTouchStart onTouchMove onTouchEnd onTransitionEnd toggle enable disable in out".split(" ").forEach(function(e){a[e]=Y[e].bind(t)}),q.extend(t,{zoom:a})},on:{init:function(){this.params.zoom.enabled&&this.zoom.enable()},destroy:function(){this.zoom.disable()},touchStart:function(e){this.zoom.enabled&&this.zoom.onTouchStart(e)},touchEnd:function(e){this.zoom.enabled&&this.zoom.onTouchEnd(e)},doubleTap:function(e){this.params.zoom.enabled&&this.zoom.enabled&&this.params.zoom.toggle&&this.zoom.toggle(e)},transitionEnd:function(){this.zoom.enabled&&this.params.zoom.enabled&&this.zoom.onTransitionEnd()}}},{name:"lazy",params:{lazy:{enabled:!1,loadPrevNext:!1,loadPrevNextAmount:1,loadOnTransitionStart:!1,elementClass:"swiper-lazy",loadingClass:"swiper-lazy-loading",loadedClass:"swiper-lazy-loaded",preloaderClass:"swiper-lazy-preloader"}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{lazy:{initialImageLoaded:!1,load:R.load.bind(this),loadInSlide:R.loadInSlide.bind(this)}})},on:{beforeInit:function(){this.params.lazy.enabled&&this.params.preloadImages&&(this.params.preloadImages=!1)},init:function(){this.params.lazy.enabled&&!this.params.loop&&0===this.params.initialSlide&&this.lazy.load()},scroll:function(){this.params.freeMode&&!this.params.freeModeSticky&&this.lazy.load()},resize:function(){this.params.lazy.enabled&&this.lazy.load()},scrollbarDragMove:function(){this.params.lazy.enabled&&this.lazy.load()},transitionStart:function(){var e=this;e.params.lazy.enabled&&(e.params.lazy.loadOnTransitionStart||!e.params.lazy.loadOnTransitionStart&&!e.lazy.initialImageLoaded)&&e.lazy.load()},transitionEnd:function(){this.params.lazy.enabled&&!this.params.lazy.loadOnTransitionStart&&this.lazy.load()}}},{name:"controller",params:{controller:{control:void 0,inverse:!1,by:"slide"}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{controller:{control:e.params.controller.control,getInterpolateFunction:V.getInterpolateFunction.bind(e),setTranslate:V.setTranslate.bind(e),setTransition:V.setTransition.bind(e)}})},on:{update:function(){this.controller.control&&this.controller.spline&&(this.controller.spline=void 0,delete this.controller.spline)},resize:function(){this.controller.control&&this.controller.spline&&(this.controller.spline=void 0,delete this.controller.spline)},observerUpdate:function(){this.controller.control&&this.controller.spline&&(this.controller.spline=void 0,delete this.controller.spline)},setTranslate:function(e,t){this.controller.control&&this.controller.setTranslate(e,t)},setTransition:function(e,t){this.controller.control&&this.controller.setTransition(e,t)}}},{name:"a11y",params:{a11y:{enabled:!0,notificationClass:"swiper-notification",prevSlideMessage:"Previous slide",nextSlideMessage:"Next slide",firstSlideMessage:"This is the first slide",lastSlideMessage:"This is the last slide",paginationBulletMessage:"Go to slide {{index}}"}},create:function(){var t=this;q.extend(t,{a11y:{liveRegion:_('<span class="'+t.params.a11y.notificationClass+'" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></span>')}}),Object.keys(W).forEach(function(e){t.a11y[e]=W[e].bind(t)})},on:{init:function(){this.params.a11y.enabled&&(this.a11y.init(),this.a11y.updateNavigation())},toEdge:function(){this.params.a11y.enabled&&this.a11y.updateNavigation()},fromEdge:function(){this.params.a11y.enabled&&this.a11y.updateNavigation()},paginationUpdate:function(){this.params.a11y.enabled&&this.a11y.updatePagination()},destroy:function(){this.params.a11y.enabled&&this.a11y.destroy()}}},{name:"history",params:{history:{enabled:!1,replaceState:!1,key:"slides"}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{history:{init:U.init.bind(e),setHistory:U.setHistory.bind(e),setHistoryPopState:U.setHistoryPopState.bind(e),scrollToSlide:U.scrollToSlide.bind(e),destroy:U.destroy.bind(e)}})},on:{init:function(){this.params.history.enabled&&this.history.init()},destroy:function(){this.params.history.enabled&&this.history.destroy()},transitionEnd:function(){this.history.initialized&&this.history.setHistory(this.params.history.key,this.activeIndex)}}},{name:"hash-navigation",params:{hashNavigation:{enabled:!1,replaceState:!1,watchState:!1}},create:function(){var e=this;q.extend(e,{hashNavigation:{initialized:!1,init:K.init.bind(e),destroy:K.destroy.bind(e),setHash:K.setHash.bind(e),onHashCange:K.onHashCange.bind(e)}})},on:{init:function(){this.params.hashNavigation.enabled&&this.hashNavigation.init()},destroy:function(){this.params.hashNavigation.enabled&&this.hashNavigation.destroy()},transitionEnd:function(){this.hashNavigation.initialized&&this.hashNavigation.setHash()}}},{name:"autoplay",params:{autoplay:{enabled:!1,delay:3e3,waitForTransition:!0,disableOnInteraction:!0,stopOnLastSlide:!1,reverseDirection:!1}},create:function(){var t=this;q.extend(t,{autoplay:{running:!1,paused:!1,run:J.run.bind(t),start:J.start.bind(t),stop:J.stop.bind(t),pause:J.pause.bind(t),onTransitionEnd:function(e){t&&!t.destroyed&&t.$wrapperEl&&e.target===this&&(t.$wrapperEl[0].removeEventListener("transitionend",t.autoplay.onTransitionEnd),t.$wrapperEl[0].removeEventListener("webkitTransitionEnd",t.autoplay.onTransitionEnd),t.autoplay.paused=!1,t.autoplay.running?t.autoplay.run():t.autoplay.stop())}}})},on:{init:function(){this.params.autoplay.enabled&&this.autoplay.start()},beforeTransitionStart:function(e,t){this.autoplay.running&&(t||!this.params.autoplay.disableOnInteraction?this.autoplay.pause(e):this.autoplay.stop())},sliderFirstMove:function(){this.autoplay.running&&(this.params.autoplay.disableOnInteraction?this.autoplay.stop():this.autoplay.pause())},destroy:function(){this.autoplay.running&&this.autoplay.stop()}}},{name:"effect-fade",params:{fadeEffect:{crossFade:!1}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{fadeEffect:{setTranslate:Z.setTranslate.bind(this),setTransition:Z.setTransition.bind(this)}})},on:{beforeInit:function(){var e=this;if("fade"===e.params.effect){e.classNames.push(e.params.containerModifierClass+"fade");var t={slidesPerView:1,slidesPerColumn:1,slidesPerGroup:1,watchSlidesProgress:!0,spaceBetween:0,virtualTranslate:!0};q.extend(e.params,t),q.extend(e.originalParams,t)}},setTranslate:function(){"fade"===this.params.effect&&this.fadeEffect.setTranslate()},setTransition:function(e){"fade"===this.params.effect&&this.fadeEffect.setTransition(e)}}},{name:"effect-cube",params:{cubeEffect:{slideShadows:!0,shadow:!0,shadowOffset:20,shadowScale:.94}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{cubeEffect:{setTranslate:Q.setTranslate.bind(this),setTransition:Q.setTransition.bind(this)}})},on:{beforeInit:function(){var e=this;if("cube"===e.params.effect){e.classNames.push(e.params.containerModifierClass+"cube"),e.classNames.push(e.params.containerModifierClass+"3d");var t={slidesPerView:1,slidesPerColumn:1,slidesPerGroup:1,watchSlidesProgress:!0,resistanceRatio:0,spaceBetween:0,centeredSlides:!1,virtualTranslate:!0};q.extend(e.params,t),q.extend(e.originalParams,t)}},setTranslate:function(){"cube"===this.params.effect&&this.cubeEffect.setTranslate()},setTransition:function(e){"cube"===this.params.effect&&this.cubeEffect.setTransition(e)}}},{name:"effect-flip",params:{flipEffect:{slideShadows:!0,limitRotation:!0}},create:function(){q.extend(this,{flipEffect:{setTranslate:ee.setTranslate.bind(this),setTransition:ee.setTransition.bind(this)}})},on:{beforeInit:function(){var e=this;if("flip"===e.params.effect){e.classNames.push(e.params.containerModifierClass+"flip"),e.classNames.push(e.params.containerModifierClass+"3d");var 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a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <script> function installPiano(src) { var a = document.createElement("script"); a.id = "piano-js" a.type = "text/javascript"; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; // On redeem gift we have a missmatch comunication between Kenneth and Piano scripts // To prevent this we must wait to check if user is loged in or not. var queryString = window.location.search; var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(queryString); // User redeeming the gift. if (urlParams.has('voucher_code')) { document.addEventListener('kenneth:rendered', function (e) { b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) }) } else { b.parentNode.insertBefore(a, b) } } function setPianoAdBlockerCookie(adBlocker) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 5 * 1000); document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adBlocker ? "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/"; }; function initializePiano () { tp = window.tp || []; var articleCustomTags = "false" var isPaidContent = articleCustomTags === "presented_by" ? "presented_by" : false; var pianoTag = "homepage"; tp.push(["setAid", 'oEPwH7BCpe']); tp.push(["setSandbox", 'false']); tp.push(['setPianoIdUrl', 'oEPwH7BCpe']) tp.push(["setUseTinypassAccounts", false]); tp.push(["setUsePianoIdUserProvider", false ]); tp.push(["setUsePianoIdLiteUserProvider", true ]); tp.push(["addHandler", "checkoutComplete", function(conversion){ hideAdsBySubscription(); }]); tp.push(["setTags", [pianoTag].concat( ).concat().concat(isPaidContent || [])]); tp.push(["setContentCreated", ""]); if(AD.CurrentUser.email !== null) { tp.push(["setExternalJWT", AD.CurrentUser.jwt_token]); tp.push(["init", function () { var isUserValid = !!tp.user && tp.user.isUserValid() if (isUserValid && !!tp.experience) { tp.experience.init() } }]) } else { // When user is not registered, experiences can start immediately if (!!tp.experience) { tp.experience.init() } } // Since installation triggers experiences automatically, // this needs to be delayed until the user has been identified and the token set installPiano("//experience-eu.piano.io/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=oEPwH7BCpe") var origins = ["https://buy-eu.piano.io", "https://sandbox.tinypass.com"]; window.addEventListener("message", function(evt) { var data = evt.data if (!origins.includes(evt.origin)) { return; } data === 'open-modal' && AD.openWelcome(); if (typeof data !== "object") return; if (data.messageType === 'follow-up-banner') { window.localStorage.setItem('followUpBanner', data.bannerType) } if (data.messageType === 'follow-up-banner-init') { var followContainer = document.getElementById('js-follow-up-banner'); followContainer && followContainer.classList.add('init') } }, false); } </script><script async='' rel='preconnect' src='https://cdn.onthe.io/io.js/aUg1Vgh1KwTO'></script><script async='' rel='preconnect' src='https://cdn.onthe.io/io.js/wjHUMzWytWDb'></script><script>window._io_config = window._io_config || {}; window._io_config["0.2.0"] = window._io_config["0.2.0"] || [];</script><script> window._io_config["0.2.0"].push({ page_title: document.title, page_url: window.location.href, page_url_canonical: window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + window.location.pathname, page_type: 'default', page_language: 'en' }); </script><div id='piano-footer-container'></div></body></html> <div class='kth-survey-overlay kth-survey-overlay--hidden' id='occupation-survey'></div>