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Йөҙөм — Википедия

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</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%AD%D2%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D2%AF" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Википедия эсендә эҙләү [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Эҙләү</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Измените внешний вид страницы, размер, ширину и цвет шрифта." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ba.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ba" class=""><span>Иғәнә</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ" class=""><span>Теркәлеү</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Танылыу</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Күберәк мөмкинлектәр" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Шәхси ҡоралдар" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Шәхси ҡоралдар</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Ҡатнашыусы менюһы" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ba.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ba"><span>Иғәнә</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%98%D2%AB%D3%99%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%99%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Мотлаҡ булмаһа ла, иҫәп яҙмаһы төҙөргә һәм системала танылырға тәҡдим итәбеҙ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Теркәлеү</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D1%83&amp;returnto=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Бында теркәлеү үтергә була, әммә мотлаҡ түгел [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Танылыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Танылмаған мөхәррирҙәр өсөн бит <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" aria-label="Мөхәррирләү тураһында ентеклерәк"><span>Күберәк белергә</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%A8%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D3%A9%D0%BC" title="Был IP-адрестан яһалған төҙәтеүҙәр [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Өлөш</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:%D3%98%D2%A3%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="IP-адресығыҙ өсөн фекер алышыу бите [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Фекер алышыу</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv 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vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Йөкмәткеһе</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Башы</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Ботаник_сифаттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ботаник_сифаттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Ботаник сифаттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ботаник_сифаттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ботаник_синыфланышы" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ботаник_синыфланышы"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ботаник синыфланышы</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ботаник_синыфланышы-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Йөҙөм_сорттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йөҙөм_сорттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Йөҙөм сорттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йөҙөм_сорттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Шараптар_өсөн_сеймал" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шараптар_өсөн_сеймал"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Шараптар өсөн сеймал</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шараптар_өсөн_сеймал-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Йөҙөм_емешенең_һәм_һутының_төп_компоненттары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йөҙөм_емешенең_һәм_һутының_төп_компоненттары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Йөҙөм емешенең һәм һутының төп компоненттары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йөҙөм_емешенең_һәм_һутының_төп_компоненттары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Йөҙөмдөң_сирҙәре_һәм_ҡоротҡостары" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йөҙөмдөң_сирҙәре_һәм_ҡоротҡостары"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Йөҙөмдөң сирҙәре һәм ҡоротҡостары</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йөҙөмдөң_сирҙәре_һәм_ҡоротҡостары-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Йөҙөм_мифологияла,_мәҙәниәттә_һәм_сәнғәттә" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йөҙөм_мифологияла,_мәҙәниәттә_һәм_сәнғәттә"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Йөҙөм мифологияла, мәҙәниәттә һәм сәнғәттә</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йөҙөм_мифологияла,_мәҙәниәттә_һәм_сәнғәттә-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Башҡортостанда_йөҙөм_үҫтереү" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Башҡортостанда_йөҙөм_үҫтереү"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Башҡортостанда йөҙөм үҫтереү</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Башҡортостанда_йөҙөм_үҫтереү-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Тағы_ҡарағыҙ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Тағы_ҡарағыҙ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Тағы ҡарағыҙ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Тағы_ҡарағыҙ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Видео" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Видео"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Видео</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Видео-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Әҙәбиәт" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Әҙәбиәт"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Әҙәбиәт</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Әҙәбиәт бүлеген күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Әҙәбиәт-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Л.Н._Стреляева_тураһында" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Л.Н._Стреляева_тураһында"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Л.Н. Стреляева тураһында</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Л.Н._Стреляева_тураһында-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Йөҙөмсөлөк_тураһында" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Йөҙөмсөлөк_тураһында"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Йөҙөмсөлөк тураһында</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Йөҙөмсөлөк_тураһында-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Һылтанмалар" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Һылтанмалар"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Һылтанмалар</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Һылтанмалар-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Иҫкәрмәләр"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Иҫкәрмәләр</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Иҫкәрмәләр-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Йөкмәткеһе" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Йөкмәткене күрһәтергә/йәшерергә</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Йөҙөм</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Икенсе телдәге мәҡәләгә күсегеҙ. 87 телдә уҡырға була" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 тел</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B6%D1%8C" title="Ажь — абхазский" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ажь" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="كرمة (نبات) — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرمة (نبات)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA)" title="كرمه (جنس من النباتات) — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كرمه (جنس من النباتات)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowemin" title="Cowemin — атикамек" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Cowemin" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="атикамек" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Cz%C3%BCm" title="Üzüm — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Üzüm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABnoug%C4%97" title="Vīnougė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vīnougė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD)" title="Вінаград (род раслін) — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вінаград (род раслін)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Вінаград — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вінаград" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Лоза — болгарский" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="болгарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinya" title="Vinya — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vinya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Кемс — чеченский" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кемс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="чеченский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — себуано" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="себуано" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8E%D9%88" title="دارمێو — центральнокурдский" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دارمێو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="центральнокурдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9va" title="Réva — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Réva" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%C3%A7%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Иçĕм — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иçĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwinwydden" title="Gwinwydden — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwinwydden" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinstok" title="Vinstok — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vinstok" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinreben" title="Weinreben — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weinreben" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vito" title="Vito — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vito" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viinapuu" title="Viinapuu — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Viinapuu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatsondo" title="Mahatsondo — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mahatsondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="انگور (سرده) — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انگور (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viinik%C3%B6ynn%C3%B6kset" title="Viiniköynnökset — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viiniköynnökset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winplaanten" title="Winplaanten — северный фризский" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Winplaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северный фризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%ADni%C3%BAin" title="Fíniúin — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fíniúin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billey_feeyney" title="Billey feeyney — мэнский" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Billey feeyney" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="мэнский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वाइटिस — хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाइटिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loza_(biljni_rod)" title="Loza (biljni rod) — хорватский" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Loza (biljni rod)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winowc_(r%C3%B3d)" title="Winowc (ród) — верхнелужицкий" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Winowc (ród)" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="верхнелужицкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C5%91l%C5%91" title="Szőlő — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szőlő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Խաղող — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խաղող" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%B2" title="Խաղող — западноармянский" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խաղող" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="западноармянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — индонезийский" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADnvi%C3%B0ur" title="Vínviður — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vínviður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E5%B1%9E" title="ブドウ属 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブドウ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantengan" title="Bantengan — яванский" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bantengan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="яванский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ვაზი — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვაზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara" title="Tara — кабильский" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tara" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="кабильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%8F%84%EC%86%8D" title="포도속 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포도속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%AAw%C3%AA_r%C3%AAz" title="Mêwê rêz — курдский" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mêwê rêz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="курдский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D2%AF%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%BC_(%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83)" title="Жүзүм (уруу) — киргизский" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жүзүм (уруу)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="киргизский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4iriewen" title="Wäiriewen — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wäiriewen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uvo" title="Uvo — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Uvo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vynmedis" title="Vynmedis — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vynmedis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%ABnkoki" title="Vīnkoki — латышский" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vīnkoki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латышский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Виноград — горномарийский" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Виноград" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="горномарийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uba" title="Uba — мирандский" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Uba" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="мирандский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis_(plant)" title="Vitis (plant) — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vitis (plant)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinranke" title="Vinranke — нюнорск" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vinranke" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="нюнорск" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinrankeslekta" title="Vinrankeslekta — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vinrankeslekta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%C3%A6%D0%BD%C3%A6%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Сæнæфсир — осетинский" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сæнæфсир" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="осетинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winoro%C5%9Bl" title="Winorośl — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Winorośl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="انگوری — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگوری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Виноград (род) — русский" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виноград (род)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="русский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bide" title="Bide — сардинский" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bide" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="сардинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna" title="Vigna — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vigna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — шотландский" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vini%C4%8D" title="Vinič — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vinič" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardhia" title="Hardhia — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hardhia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Лоза (род) — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лоза (род)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Vinsläktet — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vinsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzabibu" title="Mzabibu — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mzabibu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="திராட்சை (பேரினம்) — тамильский" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திராட்சை (பேரினம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамильский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D2%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA)" title="Йөзем (үсемлек) — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Йөзем (үсемлек)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Виноград — тувинский" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Виноград" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="тувинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Виноград — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Виноград" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_(ekin)" title="Tok (ekin) — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tok (ekin)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinmarj_(heim)" title="Vinmarj (heim) — вепсский" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vinmarj (heim)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="вепсский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_Nho" title="Chi Nho — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Nho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitis" title="Vitis — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vitis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%B1%9E" title="葡萄属 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="葡萄属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98" title="ბინეხი — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბინეხი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grape" title="Grape — йоруба" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Grape" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="йоруба" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%B1%9E" title="葡萄属 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="葡萄属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E5%B1%AC" title="葡萄屬 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="葡萄屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Башҡа телдәргә һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтеү" class="wbc-editpage">Һылтанмаларҙы төҙәтергә</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Баҫтырыу/сығарыу </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:Collection&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC"><span>Китап төҙөү</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF форматында йөкләү</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;printable=yes" title="Биттең ҡағыҙға баҫтырыу өсөн өлгөһө [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Баҫтырыу өлгөһө</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Уҡыу көйләүҙәре"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Уҡыу көйләүҙәре</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ҡабырға панеленә күсерергә</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">йәшерергә</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-ga" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Был мәҡәлә яҡшы мәҡәләләр исемлегенә инә"><img alt="Был мәҡәлә яҡшы мәҡәләләр исемлегенә инә" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Blue_star_unboxed.svg/13px-Blue_star_unboxed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Blue_star_unboxed.svg/20px-Blue_star_unboxed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Blue_star_unboxed.svg/26px-Blue_star_unboxed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="13" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Википедия — ирекле энциклопедия мәғлүмәте</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ba" dir="ltr"><div class="dablink noprint">Был терминдың башҡа мәғәнәләре лә бар, ҡарағыҙ: <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC_(%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80)" class="mw-disambig" title="Йөҙөм (мәғәнәләр)">Йөҙөм (мәғәнәләр)</a>.</div> <div style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em;"><table cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background:#ffffff; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:center"><tbody><tr><th style="background:lightgreen;"><div class="noprint" style="float:right; font-size:90%; padding:0 .5em 0 2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%83%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Википедия:Организм карточкаһын нисек уҡырға (был бит юҡ)">?</a></div>Йөҙөм</th></tr><tr><td align="center"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Wine_grapes04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Йөҙөмдөң емештәре һәм япраҡтары"><img alt="Йөҙөмдөң емештәре һәм япраҡтары" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wine_grapes04.jpg/275px-Wine_grapes04.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wine_grapes04.jpg/413px-Wine_grapes04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Wine_grapes04.jpg/550px-Wine_grapes04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1412" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span><div style="width:275px"><small>Йөҙөмдөң емештәре һәм япраҡтары </small></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th style="background: lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Биологик систематика">Фәнни классификация</a></th></tr><tr><td align="center"> <i></i><table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td align="right">Батшалыҡ: </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Үҫемлектәр">Үҫемлектәр</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="right">Бүлексә: </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B1%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Ябыҡ орлоҡлолар">Ябыҡ орлоҡлолар</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="right">Класс: </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D1%88%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Ике өлөшлөләр">Ике өлөшлөләр</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="right">Тәртип: </td> <td align="left"><div style="width:180px"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitales&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitales (был бит юҡ)">Йөҙөм сәскәлеләр</a><span style="font-size:85%">&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_III_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="APG III системаһы (был бит юҡ)">APG III системаһында</a> (2009). <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=APG_II_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="APG II системаһы (был бит юҡ)">APG II системаһында</a> (2003) тәртип билдәләнмәгән</span></div> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="right">Ғаилә: </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Йөҙөмдәр (был бит юҡ)">Йөҙөмдәр</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td align="right">Ырыу: </td> <td align="left"><b>Йөҙөм</b> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background: lightgreen;"> Латинса исеме</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-style: italic;" lang="la">Vitis</span>&#32;<span style="font-variant: small-caps;"><a href="/wiki/L." class="mw-redirect" title="L.">L.</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th style="background: lightgreen;"> Төрҙәре</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><div align="left"> <div style="width:275px"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_acerifolia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis acerifolia (был бит юҡ)">Vitis acerifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_aestivalis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis aestivalis (был бит юҡ)">Vitis aestivalis</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_amurensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis amurensis (был бит юҡ)">Vitis amurensis</a></span>&#32;—&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Амур йөҙөмө (был бит юҡ)">Амур йөҙөмө</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_arizonica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis arizonica (был бит юҡ)">Vitis arizonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_%C3%97_bourquina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis × bourquina (был бит юҡ)">Vitis × bourquina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_californica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis californica (был бит юҡ)">Vitis californica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_%C3%97_champinii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis × champinii (был бит юҡ)">Vitis × champinii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_cinerea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis cinerea (был бит юҡ)">Vitis cinerea</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_coignetiae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis coignetiae (был бит юҡ)">Vitis coignetiae</a></span>&#32;—&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Виноград Куанье (был бит юҡ)">Виноград Куанье</a>, йәки <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Япон йөҙөмө (был бит юҡ)">Япон йөҙөмө</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_%C3%97_doaniana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis × doaniana (был бит юҡ)">Vitis × doaniana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_girdiana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis girdiana (был бит юҡ)">Vitis girdiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_labrusca&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis labrusca (был бит юҡ)">Vitis labrusca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_%C3%97_labruscana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis × labruscana (был бит юҡ)">Vitis × labruscana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_lincecumii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis lincecumii (был бит юҡ)">Vitis lincecumii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_monticola&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis monticola (был бит юҡ)">Vitis monticola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_mustangensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis mustangensis (был бит юҡ)">Vitis mustangensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_%C3%97_novae-angliae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis × novae-angliae (был бит юҡ)">Vitis × novae-angliae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_palmata&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis palmata (был бит юҡ)">Vitis palmata</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_riparia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis riparia (был бит юҡ)">Vitis riparia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_rotundifolia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis rotundifolia (был бит юҡ)">Vitis rotundifolia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_rupestris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis rupestris (был бит юҡ)">Vitis rupestris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_shuttleworthii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis shuttleworthii (был бит юҡ)">Vitis shuttleworthii</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_tiliifolia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis tiliifolia (был бит юҡ)">Vitis tiliifolia</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-style:italic;" lang="LA"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_vinifera&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis vinifera (был бит юҡ)">Vitis vinifera</a></span>&#32;—&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Баҡса йөҙөмө (был бит юҡ)">Баҡса йөҙөмө</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_vulpina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis vulpina (был бит юҡ)">Vitis vulpina</a></i></li></ul></div> </div></td></tr><tr style="" class="plainlinksneverexpand"> <td style="padding:0px;font-size:80%;"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"><tbody><tr> <th class="metadata" style="line-height:140%;background:lightgreen;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitis?uselang=ru"><img alt="wikispecies:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/17px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vitis?uselang=ru">Викитөрҙәр<br />систематикаһы</a> </p> </th><th class="metadata" style="line-height:140%;background:lightgreen;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vitis?uselang=ru"><img alt="commons:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span><br /><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vitis?uselang=ru">Викиһаҡлағыста<br />рәсемдәр</a> </p> </th><th style=";background:lightgreen"><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:lightgreen"> <tbody><tr><td class="plainlinksneverexpand">ITIS <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=28606">28606</a></b></td></tr> <tr><td class="plainlinksneverexpand">NCBI <b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=3603&amp;lvl=3&amp;p=mapview&amp;p=has_linkout&amp;p=blast_url&amp;p=genome_blast&amp;lin=f&amp;keep=1&amp;srchmode=1&amp;unlock">3603</a></b></td></tr> </tbody></table></th></tr></tbody></table></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p><b>Йөҙөм, виноград</b> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Латин теле">лат.</a>&#160;<i><span lang="la">Vítis</span></i>)&#160;— үҫемлектәр <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AB%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ырыуы (был бит юҡ)">ырыуы</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Йөҙөмдәр (был бит юҡ)">йөҙөмдәр</a> <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D3%99_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Ғаилә (биология)">ғаиләһе</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Емеш (ботаника) (был бит юҡ)">емеше</a> бешеп еткән мәлендә — шәрбәт тәмле <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BA)" title="Йөҙөм (еләк)">еләк</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ботаник_сифаттары"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Ботаник сифаттары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Ботаник сифаттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Ботаник сифаттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Йөҙөмдөң <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үренделәр(ботаника) (был бит юҡ)">үренделәре</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99_%D1%81%D1%83%D2%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үрмә суҡ (был бит юҡ)">үрмә суҡ</a> (лоза), йәки ябай ғына әйткәндә, йөҙөм суғы тип атала. </p><p>Йөҙөм <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Орлоғо (был бит юҡ)">орлоғо</a> тәүге йылы шытып сыҡҡас бик оҙон булып үҫмәй. Япраҡ һабағы төбөндәге <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9_(%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Бөрө (ботаника) (был бит юҡ)">бөрөнән</a> киләһе йылына оҙон, яҡшы үҫешкән үренделәр сыға, ә артабан үренденең һәр бөрөһөнән нәҙеге үҫә. Улар көҙгә иң түбәнге бөрөгә тиклем һулый, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D1%8B%D2%AB%D2%A1%D0%B0_%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡыҫҡа үренделәр (был бит юҡ)">ҡыҫҡа үренделәр</a> генә тороп ҡала. </p><p>Ҡыҫҡа үренденең берҙән-бер шул бөрөһөнән артабанғы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Вегетация осоронда (был бит юҡ)">вегетация осоронда</a> көслө һабаҡ китә, уныһы ла үҙ сиратында ҡыҫҡа үрендегә әүерелә.Оҙон үренделәрендә сәскәләр барлыҡҡа килеп, емеш бирә, ә ҡыҫҡалары ҡыҫыр ҡала. Баҡсала үҫтергәндә ваҡытында ҡырҡып барыу арҡаһында үҫемлек йыл да сәскә ата һәм емеш бирә. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Vine_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vine_1.jpg/250px-Vine_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Vine_1.jpg/375px-Vine_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Vine_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Йөҙөм сәскәләре</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Vinograd.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vinograd.JPG/250px-Vinograd.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vinograd.JPG/375px-Vinograd.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Vinograd.JPG/500px-Vinograd.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Ҡырағай йөҙөм</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99" title="Сәскә">Сәскәләре</a> ваҡ, тәлгәшле. Уларҙағы ата һәм инә енесле өлөштәренә ҡарап, төрлө типтарға бүләләр:саф инә, саф ата енесле, ике енесле, функцияһы менән ата енесле, функцияһы менән инә енесле. Һуңғы өс тип иң мөһимдәре һанала. Ике енеслелек баҡсала үҫтерелгән күпселек сорттарға хас. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BA)" title="Йөҙөм (еләк)">Емештәре</a>&#160;— ярайһы тығыҙ тәлгәшкә тупланған түп-түңәрәк йәки оҙонса <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ягода (был бит юҡ)">еләк</a>. Сортына ҡарап төрлө төҫтә була — һары, йәшкелт, ҡарағусҡыл күк, шәмәхә, ҡара һ.б.. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ботаник_синыфланышы"><span id=".D0.91.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.BA_.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.84.D0.BB.D0.B0.D0.BD.D1.8B.D1.88.D1.8B"></span>Ботаник синыфланышы</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Ботаник синыфланышы бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Ботаник синыфланышы бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vitis ырыуы 70 төрҙән тора һәм ике ваҡ ырыуға бүленә: Euvitis Planch һәм Muscadinia Planch. Тәүгеһенә 68 төр инә,улар сығышы, үҫкән төбәктәре, шулай уҡ ботаник, морфологик-анатомик үҙенсәлектәре буйынса өс төркөмгә бүленә: </p> <ul><li>&#160;европа-азия төркөмө;</li> <li>&#160;америка төркөмө;</li> <li>&#160;көнсығыш азия төркөмө.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Вавилов, Николай Иванович (был бит юҡ)">Н.&#160;И.&#160;Вавилов</a> йөҙөмдөң килеп сығышын һәм сәсеп үҫтерелә башлауын ошолай билдәләгән: </p> <ul><li>Урта Азия, уға Төньяҡ-көнсығыш Һиндостан, Афғанстан, Тажикстан, Үзбәкстан, Көнсығыш Тянь-шань дә ҡушыла;</li> <li>Алғы Азия, уға эске Кесе Азия, Кавказ аръяғы, Иран һәм Төркмәнстандың таулы өлөшө лә инә. Был төбәктәрҙә йөҙөм күп төрлө һәм ҡырағай рәүештә лә үҫә.</li></ul> <p>Европа-азия төрөнә бер тип инә: <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L., ул бик күп баҡса сорттары биргән, <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis vinifera</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> subsp.&#160;</span><span style="font-style: italic;">silvestris</span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Урман йөҙөмө (был бит юҡ)">урман йөҙөмө</a> ) лә бар. </p><p>А.&#160;М.&#160;Негруль сәсеп үҫтерелгән сорттарҙы үҙенсәлектәренә ҡарап өс экологик-географик төркөмгә бүлә: </p> <ul><li>көнсығыш төркөм <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis vinifera</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> convar.&#160;</span><span style="font-style: italic;">orientalis</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;font-style: normal;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Negr. (был бит юҡ)">Negr.</a></span></li> <li>көнбайыш төркөм <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis vinifera</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> convar.&#160;</span><span style="font-style: italic;">occidentalis</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;font-style: normal;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Negr. (был бит юҡ)">Negr.</a></span></li> <li>Ҡара диңгеҙ яры төркөмө <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis vinifera</span><span style="font-style: normal;"> convar.&#160;</span><span style="font-style: italic;">pontica</span><span style="font-variant: small-caps;font-style: normal;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Negr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Negr. (был бит юҡ)">Negr.</a></span></li></ul> <p>Америка төркөмөнә 28 төр инә. Баҡсасылар уларҙың һабаҡтарын <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үрсенте (был бит юҡ)">үрсенте</a> алыу өсөн файҙалана.Бигерәк тә <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis rupestris</span>, <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis riparia</span> һәм <span style="font-style: italic">Vitis labrusca</span> сорты ҡулай. Һуңғыһы төньяҡ америка сорттары араһында ер еләге еҫе аңҡытып тороуы менән данлы.(XVII быуат урталарынан сәсеп үҫтерелә). </p><p>Көнсығыш азия төркөмөнә 39 төр инә, улар әлегә әҙ өйрәнелгән. Иң билдәлеһе&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%80_%D0%B9%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Амур йөҙөмө (был бит юҡ)">Амур йөҙөмө</a>&#32;(<i><span lang="la"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitis_amurensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitis amurensis (был бит юҡ)">Vitis amurensis</a></span></i>). Үҙ сиратында Амур йөҙөмө өс экотипҡа бүленә: төньяҡ экотип (Хабаровск ҡалаһы киңлегендә үҫә), көньяҡ экотип (Владивосток киңлегендә үҫә) һәм ҡытай экотибы (Ҡытайҙың көньяҡ райондарында таралған). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Йөҙөм_сорттары"><span id=".D0.99.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BC_.D1.81.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Йөҙөм сорттары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Йөҙөм сорттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Йөҙөм сорттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg/250px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg/375px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg/500px-%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="3296" /></a><figcaption>Урта Азияның йөҙөм баҡсалары</figcaption></figure> <p>Йөҙөм сорты&#160;— баҡса йөҙөмөнөң төрлөлөгөн һүрәтләү өсөн ҡулланылған ябай систематик берәмек. Нәҫел буйынса бирелә торған морфологик, биологик һәм хужалыҡта яраҡлылығы буйынса айырмаларын билдәләү өсөн ҡулланыла. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Россия">Рәсәй</a> һәм <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%94%D0%91" class="mw-redirect" title="БДБ">БДБ</a> ерҙәрендә 3000-дән артыҡ йөҙөм сорты осрай. </p><p>Сығышы, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Селекция (был бит юҡ)">селекция</a> ысулы һәм биологик үҙенсәлектәре буйынса ошондай сорттарға айыралар: </p> <ul><li>популяциялы&#160;сорт — былар ғәҙәттә күптәнге, урындағы билдәләрен һаҡлаған һәм шарттарына яраҡлашҡан күп төрлө сорттар;</li> <li>клон-сорт&#160;— был ниндәйҙер яҡшы сифатына ярашлы вегетатив ысул менән үрсетелгән тоҡомдар. Баҡсала үҫтерелгән сорттарҙың күбеһе — бына шундай клон ҡатнашмалары.</li> <li>гибрид сорт&#160;— төп үҫентенең яҡшы сифаттары буйынса һайлап алынған бер нисә төрҙө аталандырып алынған тоҡомдар.</li></ul> <p>Еләктәренең үҙенсәлектәре һәм уларҙан алынған продукцияның ҡулланышына ҡарап ошондай сорттарға бүленә: </p> <ul><li>эшкәртелмәй ашала торған сорттар. Уларҙы бешеп еткәс тәбиғи көйө ризыҡҡа ҡулланалар.Ғәҙәттә емештәре лә, тәлгәштәре лә эре, бик тәмле, ҡарамаҡҡа ла матур була;</li> <li>техник сорттар. Уларҙы шарап, һут һ.б. етештереү өсөн файҙаланалар. Төп үҙенсәлектәре — һутты күп бирә (дөйөм ауырлығының 75-85&#160;%). Тәлгәштәре һәм еләктәре ҙур булмай, уңышы юғары була;</li> <li>орлоҡһоҙ сорттар. Уларҙы эшкәртмәй ашар өсөн дә, киптерер өсөн дә үҫтерәләр;</li> <li>универсаль сорттар. Уларҙы эшкәртмәй файҙаланыр өсөн дә, эшкәртер өсөн дә үҫтерәләр. Еләктәре уртаса дәүмәлле, ярайһы һутлы була.</li></ul> <p>Еләктәренең өлгөрөү тиҙлеге буйынса йөҙөмдө 7 төркөмгә бүләләр: бөрөләр асылғандан алып емеш өлгөргәнсә ваҡыт нигеҙ итеп алына. Был билдәләр буйынса бүленеш ошондай: барыһынан иртә( 105 көнгә тиклем ), бик иртә (105—115 көн), иртә (115—125 көн), уртасаға яҡын (125—130 көн), уртаса (130—135 көн), һуң (135—140 көн) һәм бик һуң (140 көндән ашыу) өлгөрә торған сорттар. </p><p>Йөҙөмдәң тәме буйынса бүленеш: </p> <ol><li>Ҡәҙимге тәм. Шәрбәтлеге һәм әселеге төрлө нисбәттә булған, тәме менән айырылып тормаған емештәр. Был сорт йөҙөмдәр араһында нейтраль тәмле төркөмдәр бар, уларҙы ябай йөҙөм тип йөрөтәләр.</li> <li>Мөшкәт тәме. Тәмендә лә, еҫендә лә мөшкәт сағылышы бар.</li> <li>Эт ҡарағаты тәме. Үләнһыу тәм, эт ҡарағаты тәме итә</li> <li>Изабел тәм. Яңғыҙаяҡ, ананас йәки ҡара ҡарағат һымағыраҡ үҙенсәлекле тәм итә. Был бигерәк тә америка төр йөҙөмдәргә (Vitis labrusca L.), һәм улар менән аталандырылған гибридтарға хас.Иң сағыу сорт — Изабелла (изабел тәм шунан киткән дә инде). Бындай сорттар ғәҙәттә лайлалыраҡ була.</li></ol> <p>Йөҙөмдө һәр яҡлап — сорты, рәүеше һәм клондары буйынса — таралыуын, төрҙәрен, шулай уҡ урындағы шарттар, кеше йоғонтоһо нигеҙендә үҙгәрештәрен өйрәнә торған фән <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ампелография (был бит юҡ)">Ампелография</a> тип атала. Әле донъяла 8000 меңләп сорт бар. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Шараптар_өсөн_сеймал"><span id=".D0.A8.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BF.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80_.D3.A9.D1.81.D3.A9.D0.BD_.D1.81.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB"></span>Шараптар өсөн сеймал</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Шараптар өсөн сеймал бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Шараптар өсөн сеймал бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Йөҙөм емештәрнең тышына (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Пруин (был бит юҡ)">пруин</a>), миллиондарса микроорганизмдар эйәләй, улар араһында йөҙөм шәкәре менән туҡланған сүпрә үңәҙҙәре лә бар. Шул микроорганизмдар йөҙөм тышына аҡһыл «онлораҡ» төҫ биреп тора ла инде. Йөҙөм иҙелгәндә тышындағы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B6%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дрожжи (был бит юҡ)">сүпрә</a> үңәҙҙәре уны әсетә башлай. Сүпрә үңәҙҙәренең ашҡаҙан <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="Фермент">ферменттары</a> йөҙөм шәкәрен тарҡатып көс туплай, шуның һөҙөмтәһендә <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Углекислый газ (был бит юҡ)">углекислый газ</a> һәм, кислород булмаған осраҡта, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%82" title="Спирт">спирт</a> барлыҡҡа килә. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Шарап">Шараптар</a> ер йөҙөндә иң киң таралған техник сорт йөҙөмдәрҙән ҡойола. Сәнәғәт эшкәртеүенә еңел бирелгән, артыҡ әсе булмаған шәрбәт сорттарға өҫтөнлөк бирелә. Иң шәп шараптар <i>Vitis vinifera</i>&#160;— <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Каберне Совиньон (был бит юҡ)">Каберне Совиньон</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Рислинг (был бит юҡ)">Рислинг</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Шардоне (был бит юҡ)">Шардоне</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Сира (виноград) (был бит юҡ)">Шираз</a>, Неббиоло һымаҡ европа сорттарынан килеп сыға. Ҡатнаш техник сорттарҙан ҡойолған шараптар сифаттары буйынса уларға яҡын. Төрлө типтағы шараптар үҙҙәренә ярашлы сорттарҙы ҡулланып сығарыла. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Йөҙөм_емешенең_һәм_һутының_төп_компоненттары"><span id=".D0.99.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BC_.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.88.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.B5.D2.A3_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D2.BB.D1.83.D1.82.D1.8B.D0.BD.D1.8B.D2.A3_.D1.82.D3.A9.D0.BF_.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.BF.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Йөҙөм емешенең һәм һутының төп компоненттары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Йөҙөм емешенең һәм һутының төп компоненттары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Йөҙөм емешенең һәм һутының төп компоненттары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Ethnic4215.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ethnic4215.jpg/250px-Ethnic4215.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ethnic4215.jpg/375px-Ethnic4215.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ethnic4215.jpg/500px-Ethnic4215.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Флавоноидтар (был бит юҡ)">Флавоноидтар</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%99%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%80" title="Шәкәр">Шәкәр</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Витаминдар">Витаминдар</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0#Органические_кислоты" class="mw-redirect" title="Кислота">Органик кислоталар</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Йөҙөмдөң_сирҙәре_һәм_ҡоротҡостары"><span id=".D0.99.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BC.D0.B4.D3.A9.D2.A3_.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.80.D2.99.D3.99.D1.80.D0.B5_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D2.A1.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.BE.D1.82.D2.A1.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D1.80.D1.8B"></span>Йөҙөмдөң сирҙәре һәм ҡоротҡостары</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Йөҙөмдөң сирҙәре һәм ҡоротҡостары бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Йөҙөмдөң сирҙәре һәм ҡоротҡостары бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Оидиум (был бит юҡ)">Оидиум</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncinula_necator&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uncinula necator (был бит юҡ)">Uncinula necator</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8C%D1%8E&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Милдью (был бит юҡ)">Милдью</a> (ялған онло ысыҡ). Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmopara_viticola&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmopara viticola (был бит юҡ)">Plasmopara viticola</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D2%A1_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Йөҙөмдәге аҡ серек (был бит юҡ)">Йөҙөмдәге аҡ серек</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coniothyrium_diplodiella&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coniothyrium diplodiella (был бит юҡ)">Coniothyrium diplodiellaзарарлай</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Һоро серек (был бит юҡ)">Һоро серек</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Botrytis_cinerea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Botrytis cinerea (был бит юҡ)">Botrytis cinerea</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡара серек (был бит юҡ)">Ҡара серек</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guignardia_Bidwelii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Guignardia Bidwelii (был бит юҡ)">Guignardia Bidwelii</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Антракноз (был бит юҡ)">Антракноз</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloesporium_ampelophagum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloesporium ampelophagum (был бит юҡ)">Gloesporium ampelophagum</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Церкоспориоз (был бит юҡ)">Церкоспориоз</a>. Үңәҙ сире,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cercospora_vitis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cercospora vitis (был бит юҡ)">Cercospora vitis</a> һәм шул төргә ҡараған башҡа үңәҙҙәр зарарлай.</li> <li>Үрмә фалижы, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Эска (заболевание растений) (был бит юҡ)">эска</a>. Бер сәбәбе - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stereum_hirsutum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stereum hirsutum (был бит юҡ)">Stereum hirsutum</a> үңәҙе. Зарарланған һабаҡтар һары төҫкә инә.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Тамыр сереге (был бит юҡ)">Тамыр сереге</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosellinia_necatrix&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosellinia necatrix (был бит юҡ)">Rosellinia necatrix</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Меланоз (был бит юҡ)">Меланоз</a>. Үңәҙ сире, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Septoria_ampelina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Septoria ampelina (был бит юҡ)">Septoria ampelina</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%A0%D1%8B%D2%AB%D2%A1%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B9%D3%A9%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%99%D1%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ҡыҫҡа төйөндәр (был бит юҡ)">Ҡыҫҡа төйөндәр</a>, йоғошло һулытҡыс сир.Вирусы үрсем ялғағанда йә тупраҡ аша йоға.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Некроз (был бит юҡ)">Некроз</a>. Был сир микроорганизмдар арҡаһында түгел, ә ағас туҡымаһының ҡороуы сәбәпле килеп сыға.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үҫемлек хлорозы (был бит юҡ)">Хлороз</a>. Йоғошло ла, йоғошһоҙ ҙа булыуы ихтимал. Йоғошло хлороз тупраҡ , инфекция йөрөтөүселәр, үрсенте ялғау аша ла йоғоуы мөмкин. Йоғошһоҙ хлороз тупраҡ насарайғанлыҡтан матдәләр алмашыныу боҙолоу сәбәпле килеп сыға.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D2%AE%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Үҫемлек рагы (был бит юҡ)">Рак</a>. Бактериялар барлыҡҡа килтерә, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacterium_tumefaciens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacterium tumefaciens (был бит юҡ)">Bacterium tumefaciens</a> зарарлай.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Филлоксера (был бит юҡ)">Филлоксера</a>. Бөжәктәрҙән йоға (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dactylosphaera_vitifoliae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dactylosphaera vitifoliae (был бит юҡ)">Dactylosphaera vitifoliae</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Йөҙөм_мифологияла,_мәҙәниәттә_һәм_сәнғәттә"><span id=".D0.99.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BC_.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.84.D0.BE.D0.BB.D0.BE.D0.B3.D0.B8.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.B0.2C_.D0.BC.D3.99.D2.99.D3.99.D0.BD.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82.D1.82.D3.99_.D2.BB.D3.99.D0.BC_.D1.81.D3.99.D0.BD.D2.93.D3.99.D1.82.D1.82.D3.99"></span>Йөҙөм мифологияла, мәҙәниәттә һәм сәнғәттә</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Йөҙөм мифологияла, мәҙәниәттә һәм сәнғәттә бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Йөҙөм мифологияла, мәҙәниәттә һәм сәнғәттә бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right" style="float:right; margin-left:1.4em; margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em; clear: right;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td style="border-style:ridge; border-width:15px; border-color:#e03040"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg/250px-Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg/375px-Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg/500px-Joris_van_Son_Fr%C3%BCchtestillleben_mit_Nautilusmuschel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="677" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="font-size:85%; line-height:100%"> <td width="250px" align="center">Фламанд рәсемендә йөҙөм Йорис ван Сон (1623—1667)) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D2%93%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F%D2%BB%D1%8B" title="Боронғо грек мифологияһы">Боронғо грек мифологияһы</a> буйынса, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Оресфей (был бит юҡ)">Оресфей</a> тигән эт ағас киҫәге тыуҙыра ла ергә күмеп ҡуя. Шул киҫәктән, имеш, йөҙөм үҫеп сыҡҡан. Шарап илаһы <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Дионис (был бит юҡ)">Дионис</a>. </p><p>Геральдикала бик күп ҡалаларҙың гербтарында йөҙөм һүрәте төшөрөлгән: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Белгород-Днестровский (был бит юҡ)">Белгород-Днестровский (1944 йылғаса&#160;— Аккермана</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BC_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Изюм гербы (был бит юҡ)">Изюм (Йөҙөм)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80_(%D2%A0%D1%8B%D2%99%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Кизляр (Ҡыҙҙар) (был бит юҡ)">Кизляр (Ҡыҙҙар)</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Телави (был бит юҡ)">Телави</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1_%D0%A7%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Герб Чугуева (был бит юҡ)">Чугуев</a> һәм башҡа ҡалаларҙың гербтарында ошо емеште күрергә була.. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%8E%D0%BC_%D2%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%BB%D1%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Изюм ҡалаһы (был бит юҡ)">Изюм ҡалаһы</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=17_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="17 быуатта (был бит юҡ)">17 быуатта</a> «йөҙөмлө» исем алған һәм «<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Исемле герб (был бит юҡ)">исемле герб»ҡа</a> эйә булған . </p><p>Йөҙөм <a href="/wiki/%D3%98%D1%80%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Әрмәнстан">Әрмәнстандың</a> символы булып һанала, риүәйәттәргә ярашлы, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Нух">Нух</a> пәйғәмбәр <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Арарат">Арарат</a> тауына кәмәһе менән килеп туҡтағас, йөҙөм үҫентеһе ултыртҡан да шарап эшләгән. Әрмәнстанда үҫкән йөҙөм бик шәрбәтле һәм юғары сифатлы шараптар, коньяктар сығарырға мөмкинлек бирә </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Башҡортостанда_йөҙөм_үҫтереү"><span id=".D0.91.D0.B0.D1.88.D2.A1.D0.BE.D1.80.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0_.D0.B9.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BC_.D2.AF.D2.AB.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B5.D2.AF"></span>Башҡортостанда йөҙөм үҫтереү</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Башҡортостанда йөҙөм үҫтереү бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Башҡортостанда йөҙөм үҫтереү бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D1%81%D3%99%D0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="Рәсәй">Рәсәй</a> ерҙәрендәге йөҙөм үҫтерелгән иң төньяҡ төбәк — <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башҡортостан">Башҡортостан</a>. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кушнаренко районы">Кушнаренко районы</a> үҙәгендә уҙған быуаттың тәүге яртыһынан ошо нәзәкәтле емеш үҫтерелә. Ирле-ҡатынлы агроном Стреляевтар булдырған тәүге баҡсаны. 1928 йылда улар йөҙөм баҡсаһына нигеҙ һала. Киҫкен климатлы төбәгебеҙгә яраштырып, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Стреляева Лидия Николаевна">Лидия Стреляева</a> бер нисә сорт йөҙөм килтереп сығарған <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Энтузиастар башлаған эш һүнеп ҡалмаған ғына түгел, киңәйтелгән дә. Хәҙер инде бер нисә гектарҙа йөҙөм үҫтерелә, ике гектарҙа — иң ҙур уңыш бирә торғандары тупланған. Улар гектарынан 250 центнерлап уңыш бирә. </p><p>Кушнаренко районында урынлашҡан селекция үҙәгендәге хеҙмәткәрҙәр әйтеүенсә, бында һәр ҡыуаҡтан 15 килограмға тиклем емеш алырға була. Үҙәктә виноградтың 50-гә яҡын төрө үҫтерелә, шуларҙың бишәүһе — Башҡортостанда сығарылған һәм дәүләт реестрына индерелгән. Был сорттар хәҙер бар илдә үрсетелә <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Йөҙөм шулай уҡ республикабыҙҙағы бик күп шәхси баҡсаларҙа ла үҫтерелә . </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Тағы_ҡарағыҙ"><span id=".D0.A2.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B_.D2.A1.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.93.D1.8B.D2.99"></span>Тағы ҡарағыҙ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Тағы ҡарағыҙ бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Тағы ҡарағыҙ бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC%D1%81%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Йөҙөмсөлөк (был бит юҡ)">Йөҙөмсөлөк</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D1%8F%D2%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%81%D3%99%D0%BD%D3%99%D2%93%D3%99%D1%82%D0%B5&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Шарап яһау сәнәғәте (был бит юҡ)">Шарап яһау сәнәғәте</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ампелотерапия (был бит юҡ)">Ампелотерапия</a>&#160;— йөҙөм менән дауалау</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Видео"><span id=".D0.92.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.BE"></span>Видео</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Видео бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Видео бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> сайтында <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ru.youtube.com/watch?v=3AcbgsrqLUQ">Видео</a> В Кушнаренковском районе состоялся праздник виноградной лозы</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> сайтында <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ru.youtube.com/watch?v=0Djg3h_JdX8">Видео</a> Питомник винограда Башкирии</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i> сайтында <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ru.youtube.com/watch?v=OCIuAwIDbYM">Видео</a> Пробуждение винограда в Кушнаренковском питомнике, апрель 2016</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Әҙәбиәт"><span id=".D3.98.D2.99.D3.99.D0.B1.D0.B8.D3.99.D1.82"></span>Әҙәбиәт</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Әҙәбиәт бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Л.Н._Стреляева_тураһында"><span id=".D0.9B..D0.9D._.D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BB.D1.8F.D0.B5.D0.B2.D0.B0_.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0"></span>Л.Н. Стреляева тураһында</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Л.Н. Стреляева тураһында бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Л.Н. Стреляева тураһында бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" class="mw-redirect" title="Башкирская энциклопедия (издание)">Башкирская энциклопедия</a>.&#160;— Уфа, 2006.</li> <li>Башкортостан: Краткая энциклопедия. Уфа: Башкирская энциклопедия. 1996.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Йөҙөмсөлөк_тураһында"><span id=".D0.99.D3.A9.D2.99.D3.A9.D0.BC.D1.81.D3.A9.D0.BB.D3.A9.D0.BA_.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0.D2.BB.D1.8B.D0.BD.D0.B4.D0.B0"></span>Йөҙөмсөлөк тураһында</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Йөҙөмсөлөк тураһында бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Йөҙөмсөлөк тураһында бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Стреляева Лидия Николаевна">Л.Н. Стреляева.</a> Культура винограда в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Башҡортостан">Башкирии</a>. М., 1966.</li> <li>«Ампелография с основами виноградарства». Негруль А. М., Гордеева Л. Н., Калмыкова Т. И., М.: Высшая школа, 1979.</li> <li>«Ампелография и селекция винограда». Дудник Н. А., Одесса: ОСХИ, 1979.</li> <li>«Ампелография и селекция винограда». Трошин Л. П., Краснодар: РИЦ «Вольные мастера», 1999.</li> <li>«Размножение винограда черенками в большом количестве». Роте Р., СПб: Риккер, 1883.</li> <li>«Руководство по виноградарству». <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D1%8F,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Потебня, Андрей Александрович (был бит юҡ)">Потебня А. А.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Скробишевский, Владислав Яковлевич (был бит юҡ)">Скробишевский В. Я.</a>, СПб: Изд. Девриена, 1906.</li> <li>«Опыт виноградарства в Оренбургском уезде». Соколов Д. Н., М.: Тип. Сомовой, 1911.</li> <li>«Дикий херсонский виноград». Пачоский И., Учен. ком. гл. упр. землеустройства и земледелия&#160;— СПб: Тип. Маттисена, 1912.</li> <li>«Виноградарство». Мержаниан А. С., М.: Колос, 1967.</li> <li>«Технология возделывания винограда». Кухарский М. С., Михалаке И. Н., Кишинев: Картя Молдовеняскэ, 1985.</li> <li>«Виноградарство». Смирнов К. В., Калмыкова Т. И., Морозова Г. С., М.: Агропромиздат, 1987.</li> <li>«Энциклопедия виноградарства». Кишинев: МСЭ, 1986—1987.</li> <li>«Календарь виноградаря на 1997—1998&#160;г.» Музыченко Б. А., Музыченко Л. Ф., Ростов-на-Дону: ЗАО «Книга», 1997.</li> <li>«Виноградарство». К.&#160;В.&#160;Смирнов, Л.&#160;М.&#160;Малтабар, А.&#160;К.&#160;Раджабов, Н.&#160;В.&#160;Матузок, М.: Изд-во МСХА, 1998.</li> <li>«Виноградарство США». Уинклер А. Дж., М.: Колос, 1966.</li> <li>«Изучение сортов винограда». М.&#160;А.&#160;Лазаревский. Изд. Ростовского университета, 1963.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Һылтанмалар"><span id=".D2.BA.D1.8B.D0.BB.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.BC.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.B0.D1.80"></span>Һылтанмалар</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Һылтанмалар бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Һылтанмалар бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12735"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?12735">Йөҙөм<i></i></a><i> <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" class="extiw" title="ru:Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a> сайтында мәғлүмәт</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ampelography.h10.ru/">Ампелография. 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На Национальном Агро Портале.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Иҫкәрмәләр"><span id=".D0.98.D2.AB.D0.BA.D3.99.D1.80.D0.BC.D3.99.D0.BB.D3.99.D1.80"></span>Иҫкәрмәләр</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлеген мөхәррирләргә" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>үҙгәртергә</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%99%D3%A9%D2%99%D3%A9%D0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Иҫкәрмәләр бүлегенең сығанаҡ кодын мөхәррирләү"><span>сығанаҡты үҙгәртеү</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style=""> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Соч.: Л.Н. Стреляева. Культура винограда в Башкирии. М., 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orgpage.ru/kushnarenkovo/kushnarenkovskiy-selektsionnyy-757605.html">"Кушнаренковский Селекционный Центр Башкирского научно-исследовательского института сельского хозяйства" ГНУ</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> <p><br /> </p> <table id="ga-message" class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-good" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Википедия:Яҡшы мәҡәләләр исемлеге"><img alt="✰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blue_star_boxed.svg/24px-Blue_star_boxed.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blue_star_boxed.svg/36px-Blue_star_boxed.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Blue_star_boxed.svg/48px-Blue_star_boxed.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-div">Был мәҡәлә Башҡорт Википедияһының <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%AF%D2%A1%D1%88%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D3%99%D2%A1%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Википедия:Яҡшы мәҡәләләр">яҡшы мәҡәләләр</a> исемлегенә инә.</div><div class="mbox-textsmall-div hide-when-compact" style="font-size:85%"></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6d94db5ff4‐4khq5 Cached time: 20241128205611 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.133 seconds Real time usage: 0.309 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1442/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 17837/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6597/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 1034/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.015/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 947697/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 134.539 1 -total 35.82% 48.192 1 Ҡалып:Яҡшы_мәҡәлә 32.04% 43.102 1 Ҡалып:Taxobox 27.95% 37.599 1 Ҡалып:Ambox 6.63% 8.922 1 Ҡалып:Картина 5.51% 7.415 1 Ҡалып:APG3(2) 5.21% 7.004 7 Ҡалып:Bt 4.14% 5.565 3 Ҡалып:YouTube 3.51% 4.726 3 Ҡалып:Bt-latrus 3.44% 4.623 1 Ҡалып:Башҡа_мәғәнәләре --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key bawiki:pcache:59596:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128205611 and revision id 1066700. 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