CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9179d2be8dee4822',cH: 'jzOiAbXqCiBBw1UvRC7cpcSWqb21uFkbT9gaJxk8N7s-1740508820-1.2.1.1-2vpdu4gcSUchqR1DfWWcbKnl.BuhQDnSTZpbVepoY4tdYILSDhuC.08kxfsDiBnW',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1540-6563.2009.00237.x?__cf_chl_tk=432EPS4CbqQEqSn9uTXmUIqFD5ax_O0B28v8yysr1q8-1740508820-1.0.1.1-Bh.TcyTQBXJTVZwCxNDuvkowSPDujkg2sYCocOq6egA",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740508820',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1540-6563.2009.00237.x?__cf_chl_f_tk=432EPS4CbqQEqSn9uTXmUIqFD5ax_O0B28v8yysr1q8-1740508820-1.0.1.1-Bh.TcyTQBXJTVZwCxNDuvkowSPDujkg2sYCocOq6egA",md: "a_TYF7qUr7gckWxmGwMwuUXJdiP1btqYOO_yzZPaSR8-1740508820-1.2.1.1-_yGwkFK4VE0GhhqpO0Tub9hE4GeMktcOPS2bE_w5gR2r75IXFDbRZi_3vaGzgVW3nKgVYJtKbXuTcnn5uX8wMoZT8IGHzoiLVYgbqDg5Z9HXi4FtOW252eLjL.SAaDHPKQ79HDeAWsd6S8oCtM_Druv6azMNKkl0uw58wqK7viOXeIci9qaklROJhVSLmGYqSaHwUXHE7QetUa5aWu6gM.OzmaVj2p1UvrBXpR_sNIqXOJX99VNLCQjwBGW5NV_poKj_F4OX3cHo45WyGVGkXDjzo0.JNTUNcv2R28T5TUNIYBmyRl96r1yWdKXddA.0UI9RSJInjtSKaWzDcYeh44C74FyHCkz5KEenn9d.OzMoGrERWDRvUmiZzB4xYpOdybGJaBDvROa.DhHMfxnqblcFIemOYGlHfFl3_YCKQI5iEtrW978E9UOEQJ1jKVNGUtqIZ68mFIRh0EtedZJD8PRN5_YWTvexRUkctsUnP8ABe..JstQojHZUn1fKodddzdzN6MrTs503BBABr7Zdo2Bj9HAbwo6PxMi3Z6UrHYERddkyliWm4p_5N9a3K_4V6GFOwHc0Pc9uZY5p.iq.sAPS3BOwtHFJiC0kuMt8cW.sWp2MfzW91bkD9AtL9BltCxoqQD0Dp31DZc3STrxp6w5P_1o0i8Aa33mBdaWIPg.JA7s9EVlDPC5Yw9QNm80gBbHgcW9lIB8QjPCuWQtRWROXwBa8e5aPrImmyB10m2NHUmR8daKT2iwgnvVw6exDHyEcc3ohInF6VubI_U6PGGw85QNH6cgXdz91I1TT_Uou8xvxTXSecaN6b1EP20usjsp.UUTP9M46cnZyrVR626FAXWfCyWPu8fUl3qAk7ZUv_riiWfeNLKCZrnNUMwe3J71RhlasmwK2yxzgFBsQ_mnqhMijjDbXrWF8Mo17Zg9r3QCX9qC7MXZkPR2rMK1oL99_6iYrSZaWF.jatgU9_LrtpoWst0z2vu0LLcat9JsSdC.45bh1y5LeLhkLAZXpuYy1.F.FlmYkx3jYsA2WJP55.7eIwNoDI04nNYDgo.qxfuGWhxvbAUYdeSKDPWVlfWVIoXv4YBNQno5RwCdHDVquP5PlPA6fjYFQbBDLhPqNbkWKJb9ZO64i6u_lbXzyZQBN_d5PEJDT60yGHgKYUXD2VjrCMeRPy2UVGVIgjhtKAc6ilRaq00NOeEsl9iWBkVhmjH0IjgRHt5m1WUL.C7HVQ1MQgtdEYWAUZqk3VU3lcMHyzJZJ.pSpEzxHEEkhpxkZ14LUeJ1aToVyyigWAu8SsugbuK4gDsTkgGTr6.iJbu3UjfpXF022YAz.9b6Vh8dz9GMb8R81GbZ8xoJ26beNA.CIz4cG0LhzAvAMd9n4Q6hfV6A_vntZRXXuaFjWaNMniy_UQSUDzuky28dIvSzdL1i.Hq4jAudMwGrtVJsfPda3oUe3xfS9OHe1kXOAw6EVWj5hmWfKNTAeSensFu18Y4_Fhw0FZwW7SzGCAUTGXq1xtvAqUm3c796B2IxVRQgS7pZddWG8H4SNiOlcukSFcyAY7cz3kwLpvdacCnFYRHJD9dJY3ViiS1VcZ6emtv69PqMEk7pWjNXzVtdAGZaaCAlnhtq_J6D4dbY7LP0pSC2WIWjlLWWgQ9p41aD6ABe4z7S7tYcyN9ue1a8swg1G8I2x9vmmh2j78tsrC.W9p9IaXifG_mJ5aKPCEmqTOdvrD3pcVdquTf50cpELsG_IA8t7b_aBLAUelzOBfKUNW8h5eUaqfHmwmVRt80fC9pkNi6a54ZAveksC7CnuZt5aGFsCqPoBfuIVB_GcNBMvCYCLF1p5pe6IfAXUH5c6clr1BcNJGeC4N2PPq9e0.5Z_CW7hH.tP1vKul4pCkuEO2s.oZxSKTJZG.5INqHvJXpEdcpljCiXekHr92_f1qogmx0ddNO5JV.apGUbBRdMc9.0YAXfykLj8y5qOPSN6cgJq0XdTOMAzhAcKAmex5KFuVwQ5nARjihZNrIx7VHeZl8liCtrimCP0vELB5W0aoFMeowGKbjpfd77UtaendVYYRveE2zMcOS.jjDKLYcqpY7TdfNCNDqrTm2GMi_.fR8Rb0eeccIeP8neJVicp1Ax3weE.rZ3hLx3bFAkRqQ218JETxuR1H6tVquyd2kWc6fYMOQYlybWFbHqBsFMIhsgRA3aGXuFgCpgIkQCROJZbxdszcdMfg5SZkIWVUVfJzTtbHh75dOxw00PDEDIq3Cc46c869fDiByyFJOd6NVCm89uhl_nxBatj4AD2lCOws3R0Z6hAyd2HSpFGw8fayOwM90ENVVUqMBgsiroOTMAZV8ByKwmbR7mrn.bcXs1I.wyeDzm8_6z4UHUeA8LXItGvnGB6tr.sX0aizz9heK4W49KbeILvUTwtdVTZdQ_bXlQoL3osF4eYUx_hP3j8fflERjHV2T3h.9gJlbm5_G9yI1UQHTo7dsV8IUpCGkqprEIbV1P8hcdBKSC7yfQ4b7wN6mTttWTw_PVV89a27IyfBmWja1ZqPemwQJkzRzLjfVimsMxF68hEyQzFNQA2xOLPw8i2gUmSAc5zm4AYMNjdZDas9brwGOyVZcoChB8X",mdrd: "CkdR0fOg8HLLzRNk.citGlH_gRWcDZpBrGsWaRp2Uf0-1740508820-1.2.1.1-qbbTjViTBD9p.eSjmla2H5dSyWwEltXg2Fw2eqCbFRbe7Qb5sVZRfvm2DIS_WmwatyuZyw6ewTUsMurBycRaf3Bi.LOt04ZB140ZuUAFw9vL_9Tqws_UL2WNA7WNywYV8Zb8EvgmDPPjEwRanv_QnTERK7IUORuRBeGtlQo7Wt77DkC8C9S_.ce_LAmpjiU179783mTTAplVGhNpzuMwKFLr319koHKnm3l8gWueMmh7Iidxl1l5CUmkViHN57Stjm3AgxZ9S5QG_IcDdyhc64pwSx_hKkkqDFTqwapITfe2RKck217P.kldbpyhzWa4AxHLwCvVPjlV59ty4YzN41j5iCYgRxK7scGQMoE0unEt8gkLWKt1IiVHg2qw_y6FAhcJVfOsYzCQsqlDZcsalco1AFMUNXkNbmL.UY7OKnGANyx9yWLbJJ1trVLr9sxVyC3xapNd0sDCdwmZQsoD.STJ8okmJW2sybZS.ZfNERpn7UEGg2hySglPPMzdTQkD4hKeb18TzK6oQjSLBbafPgogdWgYeWsJB8jt3xfnlG2C41y8Dynbbj8pCD379AA9wOUHhewbtQqQLHZLH9N1ubsU4PjU8HQWneU7Wh6c9CIfqMr4FC.qzxCZVfn9EzKIIw_QCkhD0uru_yiQkYq1rs67Xss2G83N4Vwk5Pl2nDP9lf.c157Z1eP1qFdgczkAh9BcF6F1EqJHzugX2euJxG.J28pCBAp2t.UeXfe5Nv9FVLO3Jp.AQu8X8AH9BZbd7HTMGiSIGvaD2gVTYbWqSNhiZahzfwoyj2VioRUoK6NXdgbFTH4jOVyik1cd.ZNoGn1DrhymKJRs0y77hRPw9R4XIgyjZCZuO8iCA3G8MMHewX3XOTgKxIuk8btIDDRTagFaE5zJ78JHv2poYaIkn0maEsha70wVJa3zGsfdDtqike8MY8GDHCxMEqoDmxv0bxX4FZmOLg1meOlfxzvElEaHzkY5WiyO2._YLMfxIgDcQrsH5mMSSnOeOCXveu4KnmENRY63ZFtlyi6FM6tv4nJJCpzjzpn0cOu6ii4EK5cFmY0pg939y2Are_qLuqpcRVjPMsBfxfuJ6sOnrUj.aTk.yqfS2IN2u6QjDdmyQbC01GtextKQOM.7MQBsU2oG_Udk91CQ4QIbfaUhVjd2_KL9i.Df4ZQid1g7XMscfO6ouojsD66OEAKTbmHW8AUcGT2rUjFmgm1olTraC7O3mrBNCBwuPSuHC24d25b._1HOALMU1cNEOvJK9b7MttrTy48OadLk5qq_0uDt0s5tiCpLOWUsJngg169McIEQGne583iNtqwReWedaDXfi.ZUIbWdvF33JeBEQK47O7uw2700XCN2ww7ErjbpdFU6wjR9BJmpz0vZLUJInvIgPR4NCObFYv0t.DVMioLhUkEawFi3Jth2fTZZIz3eRI6Ic1QlTw6ZEji_5S70G5z.HFwW8V2NPn09mKayOMFT0z_Usq4x9DCZKWWC94l81QZTNeWcTSdpkuvboJtPciZ9GrShtTi4TMshMVYr_pcovP9c6IllpAhtFplsOVd5YeFd5yb33gZMtFv.tMidq1GnxBiMtJMUgvI8VtTT3ExIdPjdTu7A3bA6npZkHq8C_UlIzzHnOAO0wraAw8WyOjcqvPSBAKOLUYRn_afqiOrA1Xb4EnKF1TWs076AoOu0p3Df8SsBYSyO1AfoAbGMkD92RrRY5zrI_5tPvrL0QTu15BAFCqLfESylx0NKtyDCgfQUMYD3zyMxcU2B5Yf8kQVKD4gEyfsldtCkpwWH524INiG8tIojb0RoKl7e2BNrmTc3jnJ6rro8Ypw7ZIy7OFPfCC_6T5pVXRI3cxqZIjaAvcdv.dDpL_n8Jyys1R5ZfrRgr_p4cb8UN1RTtaefkOt0SG2UAdxkjj5IgWXvBJfb49e4o.wj1F6OVoPusPeRW2ArRCw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9179d2be8dee4822';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/j.1540-6563.2009.00237.x?__cf_chl_rt_tk=432EPS4CbqQEqSn9uTXmUIqFD5ax_O0B28v8yysr1q8-1740508820-1.0.1.1-Bh.TcyTQBXJTVZwCxNDuvkowSPDujkg2sYCocOq6egA" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>