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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ancient period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>British Mandate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Education and culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks_and_religious_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks_and_religious_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Landmarks and religious sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks_and_religious_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shefa-Amr</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88" title="شفا عمرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شفا عمرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Shefa-Amr" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0far%27am" title="Šfar'am – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šfar'am" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schefar%E2%80%99am" title="Schefar’am – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schefar’am" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%86%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC" title="Σφαράμ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σφαράμ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cefa-Amr" title="Ŝefa-Amr – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝefa-Amr" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="شفا امر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شفا امر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa_Amr" title="Shefa Amr – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Shefa Amr" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0-%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80" title="Шефа-Амр – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Шефа-Амр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefaram" title="Shefaram – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shefaram" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="שפרעם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שפרעם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="შფარამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შფარამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shefa-Amr" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88" title="شفا عمرو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شفا عمرو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa_Amr" title="Shefa Amr – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Shefa Amr" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szefaram" title="Szefaram – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szefaram" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefaram" title="Shefaram – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Shefaram" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шфарам – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шфарам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%80" title="Шефа Амр – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шефа Амр" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-Amr" title="Shefa-Amr – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Shefa-Amr" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Шфарам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шфарам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7_%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88" title="شفا عمرو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شفا عمرو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" title="Shefa-'Amr – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Shefa-'Amr" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%9D" title="שפרעם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שפרעם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q990657#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shefa-Amr&params=32_48_20_N_35_10_10_E_region:IL_type:city(43543)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°48′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°10′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.80556°N 35.16944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.80556; 35.16944</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-%27Amr&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Israel</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Shefa-Amr</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שְׁפַרְעָם</span>‎</li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شفاعمرو</span></span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Hebrew transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">ISO 259</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Šparˁam</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Also spelled</th><td class="infobox-data">Shfar'am<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (official)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Shefa-Amr"><img alt="View of Shefa-Amr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG/250px-PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG/375px-PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG/500px-PikiWiki_Israel_11070_Photo_fortress.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of Shefa-Amr</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Shefa-Amr"><img alt="Official logo of Shefa-Amr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Shefa-%27Amr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="295" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_outline_northwest.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shefa-Amr is located in Northwest Israel"><img alt="Shefa-Amr is located in Northwest Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Israel_outline_northwest.png/250px-Israel_outline_northwest.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Israel_outline_northwest.png/375px-Israel_outline_northwest.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Israel_outline_northwest.png/500px-Israel_outline_northwest.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.187%;left:60.997%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shefa-Amr"><img alt="Shefa-Amr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shefa-Amr</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northwest Israel</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shefa-Amr is located in Israel"><img alt="Shefa-Amr is located in Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/250px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/375px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg/500px-Israel_location_map_with_stripes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.534%;left:56.517%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shefa-Amr"><img alt="Shefa-Amr" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Shefa-Amr</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Israel</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shefa-Amr&params=32_48_20_N_35_10_10_E_region:IL_type:city(43543)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°48′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°10′10″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.80556°N 35.16944°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.80556; 35.16944</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grid position</th><td class="infobox-data">166/245 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">PAL</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Israel" title="Districts of Israel">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">Bronze age</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Nahid Khazem (from March, 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-ListOfMayors_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ListOfMayors-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19,766 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (19.766 km<sup>2</sup> or 7.632 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">43,543</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">2,200/km<sup>2</sup> (5,700/sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shefa-Amr</b> or <b>Shfar'am</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شفاعمرو</span>, Šafāʻamru, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">שְׁפַרְעָם</span>, Šəfarʻam) is an <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab city</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>. In 2022 it had a population of 43,543,<sup id="cite_ref-Israelpopulations_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Israelpopulations-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Muslim</a> majority and large <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Christian Arab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Israel" title="Druze in Israel">Druze</a> minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs_populations_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs_populations-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer</a> writes that the name meant: "The margin or edge of 'Amr. Locally and erroneously supposed to mean the healing of 'Amer (<a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Umar" title="Zahir al-Umar">ed Dhaher</a>)."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is identified with <i>Shefar'am</i>, an ancient Jewish town of great significance during <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> times. Some have proposed that its original meaning may be linked to the Hebrew words "<i>Shefer</i>" (שֶׁפֶר), signifying something nice, beautiful or good, and "<i>'Am</i>", (עַם) which translates to people.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_period">Ancient period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Byzant.jpg/220px-Byzant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Byzant.jpg/330px-Byzant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Byzant.jpg/440px-Byzant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="443" /></a><figcaption>Christian Byzantine graves, 5th and 6th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-SWP339_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWP339-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Walls, installations and pottery <a href="/wiki/Sherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherd">sherds</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age#Near_East_timeline" title="Bronze Age">Early Bronze Age IB</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age#Near_East_timeline" title="Bronze Age">Middle Bronze Age IIB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East#Iron_Age" title="Ancient Near East">Iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> periods have been excavated at Shefa-ʻAmr.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shefa-Amr is first mentioned under the name <i>Shefar'am</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">שפרעם</span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> (Tractate Mikvaot 6:1), followed by the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> redacted in 500 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> where it is mentioned in several places, in Tractate <i>Avodah Zarah</i> 8b and <i>Rosh Hashanah</i> 31b, <i>et al.</i> </p><p>Settlement has existed there without interruption since the Roman period, when it was one of the cities mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> as containing the seat of the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a> during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaharoni1978_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaharoni1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Babli_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babli-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seat of the Sanhedrin was traditionally thought to be where the Old Synagogue "Maḥaneh Shekhinah" was built in later times.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaharoni1978_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaharoni1978-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Old Shefa-'Amr was settled in the area where are now built the Police Station, the various Churches and Jews' Street.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decorated burial caves were documented by the <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Western_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Survey of Western Palestine">Survey of Western Palestine</a> in the late nineteenth century; they were found to be Christian tombs from the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine empire">Byzantine</a> era, dating to the 5th and 6th century CE. <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> inscriptions were also found.<sup id="cite_ref-SWP339_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWP339-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological excavations of a cave and <a href="/wiki/Quarries" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarries">quarries</a> revealed that they were used in the Roman and Byzantine eras.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shefa-ʻAmr contains Byzantine remains, including a church and tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Rescue_archaeology" title="Rescue archaeology">salvage dig</a> was conducted in the southern quarter of the old city exposing remains from five phases in the Late Byzantine and early <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a> periods. Finds include a <a href="/wiki/Tabun_oven" title="Tabun oven">tabun oven</a>, a pavement of small fieldstones, a mosaic pavement that was probably part of a <a href="/wiki/Wine_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine press">wine press</a> treading floor, a small square wine press, handmade <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">kraters</a>, an imported Cypriot bowl and an open cooking pot. Also discovered were glass and pottery vessels.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusaders</a> the place was known as "Safran", "Sapharanum", "Castrum Zafetanum", "Saphar castrum" or "Cafram".<sup id="cite_ref-Pringle_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Crusaders built a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Crusader_castles" title="List of Crusader castles">fortress</a>, used by the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a>, in the village. At the foot of the castle was a fortified settlement with a church, inhabited either by local Christians or Crusaders.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The village, then called "Shafar 'Am", was used by Muslim leader <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> between 1190–91 and 1193-94 as a military base for attacks on <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel#Crusader_and_Ayyubid_period" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1229, the place was back in Crusader hands; this was confirmed by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Baybars" title="Baybars">Baybars</a> in the peace treaty of 1271, and by Sultan <a href="/wiki/Qalawun" title="Qalawun">Qalawun</a> in 1283.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italian monk <a href="/wiki/Riccoldo_da_Monte_di_Croce" title="Riccoldo da Monte di Croce">Riccoldo da Monte di Croce</a> visited the village in 1287–88, and noted that it had Christian inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It apparently was under <a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate_(Cairo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)">Mamluk</a> control by 1291,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pringle1998_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pringle1998-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it was mentioned in that year when sultan <a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Khalil" title="Al-Ashraf Khalil">al-Ashraf Khalil</a> allocated the town's income to a <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">charitable organization</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region became part of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1517. In the Ottoman tax census of 1525–26, Shefa-Amr had a population of 150, 90% of whom were Muslims and 10% Jews. The population increased to 388 in the 1538–39 census, with Jews constituting 13% of the inhabitants. According to the records of 1547–48 and 1555–56, Shefa-Amr had a population 423 and 594 respectively, all Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhode1979189_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhode1979189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1564, the revenues of the village of Shefa-Amr were designated for the new <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a> (endowment) of <a href="/wiki/Hasseki_Sultan_Imaret" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasseki Sultan Imaret">Hasseki Sultan Imaret</a> in Jerusalem, established by Hasseki Hurrem Sultan (<a href="/wiki/Roxelana" title="Roxelana">Roxelana</a>), the wife of Sultan <a href="/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent" title="Suleiman the Magnificent">Suleiman the Magnificent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the census of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1572</span>, the village had a population of 510 Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhode1979189_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERhode1979189-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1573 <a href="/wiki/Firman_(decree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Firman (decree)">firman</a> (decree) mentioned that Shefa-Amr was among a group of villages in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">nahiya</a></i> (sub district) of <a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a> in rebellion against the state. By 1577, the village had accumulated an arsenal of 200 muskets.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1596 <a href="/wiki/Defter" title="Defter">tax records</a>, Shefa-Amr was part of the <i>nahiya</i> of Acre, part of <a href="/wiki/Safed_Sanjak" title="Safed Sanjak">Safed Sanjak</a>, with a population of 83 households (<i>khana</i>), and eight bachelors, all Muslims. The total revenue was 13,600 <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7e" title="Akçe">akçe</a>, most of which was given in fixed amounts.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The taxable produce also comprised occasional revenues, goats and beehives, and the inhabitants paid for the use or ownership of an olive oil press.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg/220px-Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg/330px-Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg/440px-Fort_in_Shefa_Amr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Zahir al-Umar fort</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shfa3amer_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a2/Shfa3amer_1910.jpg/220px-Shfa3amer_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a2/Shfa3amer_1910.jpg/330px-Shfa3amer_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a2/Shfa3amer_1910.jpg/440px-Shfa3amer_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="418" /></a><figcaption>Shefa-Amr, 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 18th century Shefa-Amr was the center of its own fiscal district in the province of <a href="/wiki/Sidon_Eyalet" title="Sidon Eyalet">Sidon</a>. Its importance derived from its position in the heart of the Galilee's cotton-growing area and its natural and man-made defenses. The significance of cotton to the growth of Shefa-Amr was fundamental. Tax returns for the village attest to the large returns expected of this crop.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its local prominence was headed by the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">sheikhs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zayadina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayadina">Zayadina</a> (sing. Zaydani), a local family of <a href="/wiki/Multazim" class="mw-redirect" title="Multazim">multazims</a> (limited-term tax farmers), in charge of collecting taxes for the governor of Sidon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1704, the village was held as a tax farm by the Zaydani sheikh Ali ibn Salih, along with other villages in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen19739–10_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen19739–10-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At an unknown point after, the Zayadina lost Shefa-Amr but Ali's son Muhammad of <a href="/wiki/Al-Damun" title="Al-Damun">al-Damun</a> had regained control of it by <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1740</span>, during a period when the Zayadina were expanding their holdings across the Galilee under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Zahir_al-Umar" title="Zahir al-Umar">Zahir al-Umar</a> (Muhammad's first cousin).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA33_33]_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA33_33]-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is known that there was a castle in the village by this time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its fortifications were strengthened by the Zayadina in <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1742</span> during a respite in the <a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Tiberias_(1742%E2%80%931743)" title="Sieges of Tiberias (1742–1743)">sieges of the Zaydani stronghold of Tiberias</a> by the governor of <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Eyalet" title="Damascus Eyalet">Damascus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoudah201337_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoudah201337-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterward, in 1743, Muhammad was arrested and executed by Zahir's order to remove him as an obstacle to Zahir's regional ambitions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA35_35]_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA35_35]-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1761, Zahir offerred to grant Shefa-Amr to his son Uthman in exchange for the latter assassinating Zahir's brother Sa'd. Although Uthman complied, Zahir reneged following protestations by Shefa-Amr's inhabitants. Uthman and his brothers Ahmad and Sa'id besieged the village in 1765 but were repulsed by its local defenders with Zahir's support.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoudah201354–56_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoudah201354–56-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Uthman was nevertheless granted Shefa-Amr at some point by Zahir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197384–85_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197384–85-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoudah2013143–144_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoudah2013143–144-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is generally credited as the builder of its large fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConderKitchener1881[httpsarchiveorgstreamsurveyofwesternp01conduoftpage272mode1up_272]_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEConderKitchener1881[httpsarchiveorgstreamsurveyofwesternp01conduoftpage272mode1up_272]-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Zahir's death in 1775, the Ottoman-appointed governor <a href="/wiki/Jazzar_Pasha" title="Jazzar Pasha">Jazzar Pasha</a> allowed Uthman to continue as subgovernor of Shefa-Amr in return for a promise of loyalty and advance payment of taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197393_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197393-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jazzar Pasha ignored orders from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> to demolish the village's fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1973106_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1973106-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several years later Uthman was removed and replaced by Ibrahim Abu Qalush, an appointee of Jazzar Pasha,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who rebelled against him in 1789.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197325_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197325-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A map by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jacotin" title="Pierre Jacotin">Pierre Jacotin</a> from <a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">Napoleon's invasion of 1799</a> showed the place, named as <i>Chafa Amr</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg/220px-Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg/330px-Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg/440px-Constantine_and_Helena_Church_Shefa-%27Amr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Ss. Constantine and Helena Church</figcaption></figure> <p>A Jewish community had been established in the village under the auspices of Zahir's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnai1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGdEDefYc4u0CpgPA156_156]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnai1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGdEDefYc4u0CpgPA156_156]-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1839, <a href="/wiki/Moses_Montefiore" title="Moses Montefiore">Moses Montefiore</a> counted 107 <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic Jews</a> living in Shefa-Amr.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their condition worsened with the departure of the autonomous leader of <a href="/wiki/Egypt_Eyalet" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt Eyalet">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_of_Egypt" title="Muhammad Ali of Egypt">Muhammad Ali Pasha</a>, during which time Shefa-Amr was nearly emptied of its Jewish residents, who had opted to move to <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Finn" title="James Finn">James Finn</a> wrote in 1877 that "The majority of the inhabitants are Druses. There are a few Moslems and a few <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christians</a>; but [in 1850] there were thirty Jewish families living as agriculturists, cultivating grain and olives on their own landed property, most of it family inheritance; some of these people were of Algerine descent. They had their own synagogue and legally qualified butcher, and their numbers had formerly been more considerable." However, "they afterwards dwindled to two families, the rest removing to [Haifa] as that port rose in prosperity."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Conder and Kitchener, who visited in 1875, was told that the community consisted of "2,500 souls—1,200 being Moslems, the rest Druses, Greeks, and Latins."<sup id="cite_ref-SWPI_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWPI-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The town's Druze community dwindled considerably in the 1880s as its members migrated east to the <a href="/wiki/Hauran" title="Hauran">Hauran</a> plain to avoid conscription by the Ottoman authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A population list from about 1887 showed that Shefa-Amr had about 2,750 inhabitants; 795 Muslims, 95 <a href="/wiki/Melkites" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkites">Greek Catholics</a>, 1,100 Catholics, 140 Latins, 175 <a href="/wiki/Maronites" title="Maronites">Maronites</a>/Protestants, 30 Jews and 440 Druze.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That year, some 42 Jewish families from <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> settled in Shefa-Amr.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaharoni128_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaharoni128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate">British Mandate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: British Mandate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_11504_Oldest_first_market.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The old market in Shefa-Amr</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> was established in 1920. By then, all of Shefa-Amr's Jews had moved out.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaharoni128_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaharoni128-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a>, Shefa-Amr had a population of 2,288: 1,263 Christians, 623 Muslims, and 402 Druze.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the Christians, 1,054 were Melkites (Greek Catholics), 94 Anglicans, 70 Roman Catholics, 42 Greek Orthodox and three Maronitew.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a>, Shefa-Amr had 629 occupied houses and a population of 1,321 Christians, 1,006 Muslims, 496 Druze, and one Jew. A further 1,197 Muslims in 234 occupied houses was recorded for "Shafa 'Amr Suburbs".<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Statistics compiled by the Mandatory government in the <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945 statistics</a> showed an urban population of 1,560 Christians, 1,380 Muslims, 10 Jews and 690 "others" (presumably Druze) and a rural population of 3,560 Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-DoS1945_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DoS1945-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1948 Shefa-Amr was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israeli Army</a> during the first phase of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dekel" title="Operation Dekel">Operation Dekel</a>, from 8 to 14 July. The Druze population actively cooperated with the IDF. The Muslim quarter was heavily shelled and thousands of inhabitants fled to <a href="/wiki/Saffuriya" class="mw-redirect" title="Saffuriya">Saffuriyeh</a>. Following the fall of Nazareth some of the refugees were allowed to return to their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the end of the war, the Arab population was placed under <a href="/wiki/Martial_law#Israel" title="Martial law">strict martial law</a> until 1967. </p><p>Ibraheem Nimr Hussein, a former mayor of Shefa-Amr, was chairman of the Committee of Arab Mayors in Israel (later the Arab Follow-Up Committee) from its inception in 1975. In 1981 an <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> to promote health care in the Arab community was set up in Shefa-Amr. It called itself <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Galilee_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Galilee Society (page does not exist)">The Galilee Society</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6573412#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6573412"><span title=""The Galilee Society" in other languages">Wikidata</span></a>]</span></i> - the Arab National Society for Health Research and Services.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1982, following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, Mayor Ibrahim Nimr Husayn formed the "Supreme Follow-Up Committee" based on a committee that had been formed following <a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a>. It consisted of 11 heads of local councils as well as Arab Members of Knesset. By the 1990s the committee, meeting in Nazareth, had expanded and become a mini-parliament representing Palestinians in the Galilee.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21st_century">21st century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg/180px-Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg/270px-Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg/360px-Orsan_Yasen_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Orsan Yasen, mayor of Shefa-Amr (2018-2024)<sup id="cite_ref-ListOfMayors_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ListOfMayors-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>On 16 May 2004, Whehebe Moheen, a man in his sixties, murdered Manal Najeeb Abu Raed, his widowed daughter-in-law, wife of his son, and mother of his two granddaughters.<sup id="cite_ref-sulha_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sulha-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manal had lost her husband to cancer two years earlier, and was living in the couple's home, in the Druze village of <a href="/wiki/Daliat_El_Carmel" class="mw-redirect" title="Daliat El Carmel">Daliat El Carmel</a>, near Haifa. Following this event there was conflict between the families of the victim and of the killer. The final reconciliation took place on 27 February 2009, when about 300 family members, dignitaries and residents of the mixed city of Shefa-Amr and Daliyat al-Carmel participated in the reconciliation ritual.<sup id="cite_ref-sulha_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sulha-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They gathered, along with Christian and Muslim dignitaries, including mayors of the two towns involved, <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> members (Druze and Muslim), the religious leader of Israel's Druze community, and a sizable contingent of Druze religious leaders from many villages in northern Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-sulha_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sulha-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the speeches, the dignitaries signed the <i>sulha</i> (reconciliation) agreement, and after the document was declared officially endorsed, the killer's family handed the leader of the <i>sulha</i> committee, Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Muafak_Tarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Muafak Tarif">Muafak Tarif</a>, a bag containing the blood money (<i>diya</i>) compensation, and Tarif handed the bag to cousins of the murdered woman.<sup id="cite_ref-sulha_59-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sulha-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bag contained 200,000 NIS (about <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>50,000), about half what a "normal" conciliation payment would be, but the killer's family refused to bring more money, claiming that they had no resources, and were not prepared to make themselves bankrupt because of a "crazy" uncle.<sup id="cite_ref-sulha_59-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sulha-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4 August 2005, an Israeli soldier who was <a href="/wiki/Absent_without_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Absent without leave">absent without leave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eden_Natan-Zada" title="Eden Natan-Zada">Eden Natan-Zada</a>, opened fire while aboard a bus in the city, killing four Arab residents and wounding twenty-two others. After the shooting, Natan-Zada was overcome by nearby crowds, <a href="/wiki/Lynched" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynched">lynched</a> and beaten with rocks. According to witnesses, the bus driver was surprised to see a <i><a href="/wiki/Kippah" title="Kippah">kippah</a></i>-wearing Jewish soldier making his way to Shefa-Amr via public bus, so inquired of Natan-Zada whether he was certain he wanted to take his current route. The four fatalities were two sisters in their early twenties, Hazar and Dina Turki, and two men, bus driver Michel Bahouth and Nader Hayek. In the days following the attack, 40,000 people attended mass funeral services for the victims. The sisters were buried in an Islamic cemetery and the men were buried in the Catholic cemetery. The wounded were taken to <a href="/wiki/Rambam_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Rambam Hospital">Rambam Hospital</a> in Haifa. The Shefa-Amr municipality established a monument to commemorate the victims.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2008, Mayor Ursan Yassin met with officials of the Israeli state committee on the celebrations for the 60th anniversary of independence, and announced that Shefa-Amr intended to take part in the celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, 7,000 Christians, Druze and Muslims held a solidarity march in <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Christians in Iraq">support of Christians in Iraq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Copts" title="Persecution of Copts">Egypt</a> who were suffering from religious persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shefa-Amr is located in the <a href="/wiki/North_District_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="North District of Israel">North District of Israel</a> at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>. It is located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from the Mediterranean Sea and 20 kilometres (12 mi) from each of three cities, Haifa, <a href="/wiki/Acre_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acre (city)">Acre</a> and Nazareth, where many of the inhabitants are employed. The city is located on seven hills, which gives it the name "Little Rome". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The elevation of the city and its strategic location as the connection between the valleys and mountains of Galilee made it more than once the center of its district, especially in the period of Uthman, the son of Zahir al-Umar, who built a castle in it, and towers around it. The <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Haifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay of Haifa">bay of Haifa</a> with the sea stretching between Haifa and Acre and the high mountains of Galilee and the valleys surrounding the city could be seen from high points in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_members_of_the_Knesset" title="List of Arab members of the Knesset">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li>Parties: <a href="/wiki/Balad_(political_party)" title="Balad (political party)">Balad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hadash" title="Hadash">Hadash</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_List" title="United Arab List">UAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ta%27al" title="Ta'al">Ta'al</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_List" title="Joint List">Joint List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abnaa_el-Balad" title="Abnaa el-Balad">Abnaa el-Balad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2000_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2000 riots">October 2000 riots</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Annunciation" title="Basilica of the Annunciation">Basilica of the Annunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Al-Aqsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qibli_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Qibli Mosque">Qibli Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary%27s_Well" title="Mary's Well">Mary's Well</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_George_and_Mosque_of_Al-Khadr,_Lod" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint George and Mosque of Al-Khadr, Lod">St. George's Church and Mosque of Al-Khadr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Shu%27ayb" title="Nabi Shu'ayb">Nabi Shu'ayb</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab-Israeli_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab-Israeli culture (page does not exist)">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Palestinian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negev_Bedouin" title="Negev Bedouin">Negev Bedouins</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Arab localities in Israel">Major population centers</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Category:Arab citizens of Israel">Personalities</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hiam_Abbass" title="Hiam Abbass">Hiam Abbass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hany_Abu-Assad" title="Hany Abu-Assad">Hany Abu-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bakri" title="Mohammad Bakri">Mohammad Bakri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azmi_Bishara" title="Azmi Bishara">Azmi Bishara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Habibi" title="Emile Habibi">Emile Habibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samih_al-Qasim" title="Samih al-Qasim">Samih al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Suan" title="Abbas Suan">Abbas Suan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Suleiman" title="Elia Suleiman">Elia Suleiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_Tarif" title="Amin Tarif">Amin Tarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham_Zreiq" title="Hisham Zreiq">Hisham Zreiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Suliman" title="Ali Suliman">Ali Suliman</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background: #80FF80;"> See also</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinians" title="Template:Palestinians">Template:Palestinians</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Template:Arab citizens of Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Template talk:Arab citizens of Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab citizens of Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 1951, the population was 4450, of whom about 10% were internally displaced persons from other villages.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the early 1950s, about 25,000 dunams of the land of Shefa-Amr were expropriated by the following method: the land was declared a closed military area, then after enough time had passed for it to have become legally "uncultivated", the Minister of Agriculture used his powers to "ensure that it was cultivated" by giving it to neighboring Jewish majority communities. Some of the land was owned by Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another 7,579 dunams were expropriated in 1953–4.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiryis76_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiryis76-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total land holdings of the village fell from 58,725 dunams in 1945 to 10,371 dunams in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-Jiryis76_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiryis76-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to CBS, in 2012 the religious and ethnic makeup of the city was mostly <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Arab">Arabs</a> (consisting of 59.2% Muslim, 26.5% Christian, and 14.3% Druze). Shefa-Amr is home to the fourth-largest Arab <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Israel" title="Christianity in Israel">Christian community in Israel</a>, and are mostly <a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Greek-Melkite Catholics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christian2020_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christian2020-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to CBS, in 2012 there were 38,300 registered citizens in the city. 40.4% of the population was not over 19 years old, 14.9% between 20 and 29, 21.1% between 30 and 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% 65 or older. </p><p>Population in Shefa-Amr over the years: </p> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_eixs0f2co8zhi1ld4llu0hfzcdk70nf"></map><img usemap="#timeline_eixs0f2co8zhi1ld4llu0hfzcdk70nf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/eixs0f2co8zhi1ld4llu0hfzcdk70nf.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to CBS, in 2012 there were 12,494 salaried and 1062 self-employed workers in the city. The mean monthly wage in 2012 for a salaried worker in the city was <a href="/wiki/New_Israeli_Shekel" class="mw-redirect" title="New Israeli Shekel">ILS</a> 5,412. Salaried males had a mean monthly wage of ILS 6,312 versus ILS 3,904 for females. The mean income for the self-employed was ILS 7,381. 235 people received unemployment benefits and 3,971 received an income guarantee. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_culture">Education and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2012, there were 24 schools serving a student population of 9,459: 15 elementary schools with 5,360 students and 13 high schools with 4,099 students. In 2012, 53.7% of twelfth grade students earned a matriculation certificate. In the eastern part of the city, <a href="/wiki/Mifal_HaPayis" class="mw-redirect" title="Mifal HaPayis">Mifal HaPayis</a> built a public computer center, a public library, a large events hall and more. </p><p>Shefa-Amr is also home to Tamrat El Zeitoun, an elementary school (about 150 students) notable for serving Muslim, Christian, and Druze together and being the only Arabic language <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf school</a>. In collaboration with Waldorf educators at <a href="/wiki/Harduf" title="Harduf">Harduf</a> the school developed a language curriculum accommodating the differences between written and spoken Arabic. The school celebrates the festivals from all three religions.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beit_musica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beit_musica.jpg/220px-Beit_musica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beit_musica.jpg/330px-Beit_musica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Beit_musica.jpg/440px-Beit_musica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Beit almusica</figcaption></figure> <p>The Beit Almusica conservatory was founded in 1999 by musician Aamer Nakhleh in the center of Shefa-ʻAmr. It offers a year-round programs of music studies in various instruments, and holds music performances and concerts.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every year Shefa-ʻAmr holds a music festival known as the "Fort Festival." Arab children from all over the country compete in singing classic Arabic songs and one is chosen as "Voice of the Year." The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%27ath_choir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ba'ath choir (page does not exist)">Ba'ath choir</a>, established by Raheeb Haddad, performs all over the country and participates in many international events. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reem_Talhami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reem Talhami (page does not exist)">Reem Talhami</a> performs all over the Arab world. <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Oud</a> player and violinist Tayseer Elias, on the Beit Almusica staff, is a composer, conductor and musicologist who also lectures at <a href="/wiki/Bar-Ilan_University" title="Bar-Ilan University">Bar-Ilan University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Butrus Lusia, a painter, specializes in <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icons</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghurbalshf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Ghurbalshf.jpg/220px-Ghurbalshf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Ghurbalshf.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="210" /></a><figcaption>Al Ghurbal center in Shefa-Amr</figcaption></figure> <p>The first plays in Shefa-Amr were performed in the 1950s by the Christian scouts. Since the 1970s, many theaters have opened. among them the sons of Shefa-ʻAmr theater, Athar theater, house of the youth theater, Alghurbal Al Shefa-Amry theater and Al Ufok theater. The largest theater in the city is the Ghurbal Establishment, a national Arab theater. Sa'eed Salame, an actor, comedian and pantomimist, established a 3-day international pantomime festival that is held annually.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Shefa-Amr is known for its <a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">mastic</a>-based ice cream, <i>bozet Shefa-'Amr</i>.The Nakhleh Coffee Company is the leading coffee producer in Israel's Arab community. New restaurant-cafes opened in parts of the old city<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> and encouraged nightlife, being patronised by the youth of Shefa-ʻAmr. The Awt Cafe started holding musical nights where local singers and instruments players including <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">oud</a> and others perform for the audience.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks_and_religious_sites">Landmarks and religious sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Landmarks and religious sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zzzfrance_385.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Zzzfrance_385.jpg/220px-Zzzfrance_385.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Zzzfrance_385.jpg/330px-Zzzfrance_385.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Zzzfrance_385.jpg/440px-Zzzfrance_385.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_%26_St._Paul_Church,_Shefa-Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter & St. Paul Church, Shefa-Amr">St. Peter & St. Paul Church</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>A fort was built in 1760 by Zahir al-Umar to secure the entrance to Galilee. The fort was built on the ruins of a Crusader fort called "Le Seffram". The ground floor of the fort stabled the horses, the first floor above ground was for Zahir's residential quarters. Zahir's fort is considered the biggest fort remaining in the Galilee. After the establishment of the state, the fort was used as a police station. After a new station was built in the "Fawwar" neighbourhood, the fort was renovated and converted to a youth center, which has since closed down.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"The Tower" or "al Burj" is an old Crusader fort located in the southern part of the city.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shfaram-890.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shfaram-890.jpg/220px-Shfaram-890.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shfaram-890.jpg/330px-Shfaram-890.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Shfaram-890.jpg/440px-Shfaram-890.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption>The old market of Shefa-Amr</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The old market of Shefa-Amr was once the bustling heart of the city. Now all that remains is one coffee shop where elderly men gather every day to play backgammon and drink coffee. According to the mayor of Shefa-Amr, Nahed Khazem, the government provided a budget for improving and reviving the old market and developing the area around the fort as a tourist attraction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shfaram_Ancient_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Shfaram Ancient Synagogue">Shfaram Ancient Synagogue</a> is an old synagogue on the site of an even older structure. It is recorded as being active in 1845. A Muslim resident of the town holds the keys.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The synagogue was renovated in 2006. The tomb of Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Judah_ben_Baba" class="mw-redirect" title="Judah ben Baba">Judah ben Baba</a>, a well-known rabbi from the 2nd century who was captured and executed by the Romans, is still standing and many Jewish believers come to visit it.</li> <li>Byzantine period tombs are located in the middle of the city. They were the graves of the 5th and 6th-century Christian community. The tomb entrances are decorated with sculptures of lions and Greek inscriptions which make mention of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SWP339_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SWP339-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the center of the city, where the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_Nazareth_convent_-_Shefa-Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of Nazareth convent - Shefa-Amr">Sisters of Nazareth convent</a> now stands, was a 4th-century church, St. Jacob's. This church is mentioned in the notes of ecclesiastical historians, although the original church has been replaced by the monastery. Some marble columns remain, similar to those used to build the earliest churches.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter_%26_St._Paul_Church,_Shefa-Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter & St. Paul Church, Shefa-Amr">St. Peter & St. Paul Church</a> is located in one of the town's peaks near the fort, it has a high bell tower and a large purple dome. The church was built by Otman, who made a promise to build it if his fort was finished successfully. The walls of the church began to weaken, and in 1904 the entire church building was reinforced and renovated. This is the main church of the local Greek Catholic community.</li> <li>The Mosque of Ali Ibn Abi Talib (Old Mosque) was constructed near the castle in the days of <a href="/wiki/Sulayman_Pasha_al-Adil" title="Sulayman Pasha al-Adil">Sulayman Pasha</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghassan_Alian_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ghassan_Alian_1.png/180px-Ghassan_Alian_1.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ghassan_Alian_1.png/270px-Ghassan_Alian_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Ghassan_Alian_1.png/360px-Ghassan_Alian_1.png 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Alian" title="Ghassan Alian">Ghassan Alian</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jumana_Emil_Abboud" title="Jumana Emil Abboud">Jumana Emil Abboud</a> (born 1971), Palestinian artist<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karimeh_Abbud" title="Karimeh Abbud">Karimeh Abbud</a> (1893–1940), photographer and artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Alian" title="Ghassan Alian">Ghassan Alian</a> (born 1972), first non-Jewish commander of the <a href="/wiki/Golani_Brigade" title="Golani Brigade">Golani Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_Amar" title="Hamad Amar">Hamad Amar</a> (born 1974), Member of the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansour_F._Armaly" title="Mansour F. Armaly">Mansour F. Armaly</a> (1927–2005), physician who studied glaucoma</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahi_Armeli" title="Zahi Armeli">Zahi Armeli</a> (born 1957), former footballer</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG195204">Asad Azi</a> (born 1955), Palestinian painter<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Barakeh" title="Mohammad Barakeh">Mohammad Barakeh</a> (born 1955), Member of the Knesset</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Habibi" title="Emile Habibi">Emile Habibi</a> (1922–1996), Christian Israeli-Palestinian writer and communist politician. his father originated in Shefa-Amr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah-Hassan_Hanifes" title="Salah-Hassan Hanifes">Salah-Hassan Hanifes</a> (1913–2002), Member of the Knesset</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Hamadeh" title="Rami Hamadeh">Rami Hamadeh</a> (born 1994), Palestinian footballer, who represented Palestine at the <a href="/wiki/2019_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2019 AFC Asian Cup">2019 AFC Asian Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Shahin" title="Saleh Shahin">Saleh Shahin</a> (born 1982), Israeli Paralympic medalist rower</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyad_Shalabi" title="Iyad Shalabi">Iyad Shalabi</a> (born 1987), represented Israel at the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Paralympics" title="2020 Summer Paralympics">2020 Summer Paralympics</a>, where he won two gold medals in swimming</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Arab localities in Israel">Arab localities in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Shefa-%27Amr" title="Category:People from Shefa-'Amr">People from Shefa-'Amr</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ListOfMayors-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ListOfMayors_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ListOfMayors_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shefaram.muni.il/ar/CmsPage/Page?pageId=1405">"رؤساء بلدية سابقون"</a> [Former Mayors]. <i>Shfar'am municipal website</i> (in Arabic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shfar%27am+municipal+website&rft.atitle=%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshefaram.muni.il%2Far%2FCmsPage%2FPage%3FpageId%3D1405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Israelpopulations-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Israelpopulations_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.gov.il/en/settlements/Pages/default.aspx?mode=Yeshuv">"Regional Statistics"</a>. <i>Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.atitle=Regional+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fen%2Fsettlements%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fmode%3DYeshuv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs_populations-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbs_populations_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications14/local_authorities12_1573/pdf/345_8800.pdf">"General"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Israel_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Israel Central Bureau of Statistics">Israel Central Bureau of Statistics</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General&rft.pub=Israel+Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.gov.il%2Fpublications14%2Flocal_authorities12_1573%2Fpdf%2F345_8800.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Palmer, 1881, p.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/116/mode/1up">116</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHareuveni2010" class="citation book cs1">Hareuveni, Imanuel (2010). <i>Eretz Israel Lexicon</i>. CET. p. 926.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eretz+Israel+Lexicon&rft.pages=926&rft.pub=CET&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Hareuveni&rft.aufirst=Imanuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SWP339-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SWP339_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SWP339_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SWP339_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/339/mode/1up">339</a> -343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Feig, 2014, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=9564&mag_id=121">‘En Shefar‘am, Final report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaharoni1978-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zaharoni1978_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zaharoni1978_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaharoni (1978), p. 125</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Babli-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Babli_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Talmud Bavli Rosh Hashana</i>. p. 31b.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talmud+Bavli+Rosh+Hashana&rft.pages=31b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaharoni (1978), p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Atrash, 2016, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25021&mag_id=124">Shefar‘am, Highway 79</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/33/mode/1up">p. 343</a>; Guérin, 1880, p <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n427/mode/1up">414</a>, TIR, 230. All cited in Petersen, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">276</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abu Raya, 2010, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1428&mag_id=117">Shefar‘am Final Report</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pringle_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pringle, 1997, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA115">p. 115</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellenblum, 2003, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA143">143</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shama" title="Abu Shama">Abu Shama</a> <a href="/wiki/Recueil_des_Historiens_des_Croisades" class="mw-redirect" title="Recueil des Historiens des Croisades">RHC</a> (or.), IV, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/recueildeshistor04acad_0#page/487/mode/1up">p. 487</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut</a>, p. 304, Both cited in Petersen, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">277</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barag, 1979, p. 207, No. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ellenblum, 2003, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C&pg=PA144">144</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Furat" title="Ibn al-Furat">Ibn al-Furat</a>, Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">277</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pringle1998-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pringle1998_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pringle, 1998, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC&pg=PA301">301</a>-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barag, 1979, p. 203</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERhode1979189-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhode1979189_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERhode1979189_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRhode1979">Rhode 1979</a>, p. 189.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singer, 2002, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&pg=PA126">126</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heyd, 1960, pp. 84-85, no. 2. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">277</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 192. Also quoted in Petersen, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">277</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Note that Rhode, 1979, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century">6</a> writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cohen, 1973, p. 128. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">277</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPetersen2001[httpswwwacademiaedu21620272Gazetteer_6_S-Z_277]_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPetersen2001">Petersen 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272/Gazetteer_6._S-Z">277</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen19739–10-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen19739–10_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1973">Cohen 1973</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA33_33]-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA33_33]_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilipp2001">Philipp 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95I5QVdp4_gC&pg=PA33">33</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoudah201337-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoudah201337_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJoudah2013">Joudah 2013</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA35_35]-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilipp2001[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid95I5QVdp4_gCpgPA35_35]_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilipp2001">Philipp 2001</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95I5QVdp4_gC&pg=PA35">35</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoudah201354–56-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoudah201354–56_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJoudah2013">Joudah 2013</a>, pp. 54–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197384–85-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197384–85_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1973">Cohen 1973</a>, pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJoudah2013143–144-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJoudah2013143–144_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJoudah2013">Joudah 2013</a>, pp. 143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEConderKitchener1881[httpsarchiveorgstreamsurveyofwesternp01conduoftpage272mode1up_272]-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEConderKitchener1881[httpsarchiveorgstreamsurveyofwesternp01conduoftpage272mode1up_272]_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFConderKitchener1881">Conder & Kitchener 1881</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/272/mode/1up">272</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197393-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197393_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1973">Cohen 1973</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen1973106-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen1973106_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1973">Cohen 1973</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohen197325-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohen197325_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohen1973">Cohen 1973</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karmon, 1960, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">p. 162</a> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnai1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGdEDefYc4u0CpgPA156_156]-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarnai1992[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidGdEDefYc4u0CpgPA156_156]_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarnai1992">Barnai 1992</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GdEDefYc4u0C&pg=PA156">156</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaharoni (1978), p. 127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaharoni (1978), p. 127–128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finn, 1877, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byewaysinpalesti00finniala#page/243/mode/1up">243</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SWPI-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SWPI_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/272/mode/1up">p. 272</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Firro, 1992, p. 168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schumacher, 1888, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/quarterlystateme19pale#page/n200/mode/1up">175</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaharoni128-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zaharoni128_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zaharoni128_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zaharoni (1978), p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Haifa, p.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n35/mode/1up">33</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XVI, p.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n51/mode/1up">49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 1932, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">p. 96</a> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DoS1945-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DoS1945_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p15.jpg">15</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Haifa/Page-049.jpg">p. 49</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSami_Hadawi1957" class="citation book cs1">Sami Hadawi (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010745381"><i>Land Ownership in Palestine</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britishmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Collections+Online+%7C+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fterm%2FBIOG195204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Raya2010" class="citation journal cs1">Abu Raya, Rafeh (2010-08-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1428&mag_id=117">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'En Shefar'am Final Report"</a> (122). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27En+Shefar%27am+Final+Report&rft.issue=122&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft.aulast=Abu+Raya&rft.aufirst=Rafeh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D1428%26mag_id%3D117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Shama" title="Abu Shama">Abu Shama</a> (d.1268) (1969): <i>Livre des deux jardins</i> ("The Book of Two Gardens"). <a href="/wiki/Recueil_des_Historiens_des_Croisades" class="mw-redirect" title="Recueil des Historiens des Croisades">Recueil des Historiens des Croisades</a>, Cited in Petersen (2001).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtrash2016" class="citation journal cs1">Atrash, Walid (2016-07-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=25021&mag_id=124">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'En Shefar'am Highway 79"</a> (128). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27En+Shefar%27am+Highway+79&rft.issue=128&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft.aulast=Atrash&rft.aufirst=Walid&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D25021%26mag_id%3D124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarag,_Dan1979" class="citation journal cs1">Barag, Dan (1979). "A new source concerning the ultimate borders of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem". <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>29</b>: 197–217.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=A+new+source+concerning+the+ultimate+borders+of+the+Latin+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=197-217&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Barag%2C+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnai1992" class="citation book cs1">Barnai, Jacob (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GdEDefYc4u0C"><i>The Jews in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Under the Patronage of the Istanbul Committee of Officials for Palestine</i></a>. Translated by Naomi Goldblum. University of Alabama Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-0572-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-0572-7"><bdi>978-0-8173-0572-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+in+Palestine+in+the+Eighteenth+Century%3A+Under+the+Patronage+of+the+Istanbul+Committee+of+Officials+for+Palestine&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8173-0572-7&rft.aulast=Barnai&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGdEDefYc4u0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922"><i>Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1973" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Amnon (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hwyDAAAAIAAJ"><i>Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: Patterns of Government and Administration</i></a>. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59045-955-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-59045-955-5"><bdi>1-59045-955-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+in+the+Eighteenth+Century%3A+Patterns+of+Government+and+Administration&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Magnes+Press%2C+Hebrew+University&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=1-59045-955-5&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhwyDAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> Cited in Petersen, (2001)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConderKitchener1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener, H.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 1. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp01conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/271/mode/1up">p. 271-3</a>,</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllenblum2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Ellenblum" title="Ronnie Ellenblum">Ellenblum, R.</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=riHMZiH_Te4C"><i>Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521521871" title="Special:BookSources/9780521521871"><bdi>9780521521871</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frankish+Rural+Settlement+in+the+Latin+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780521521871&rft.aulast=Ellenblum&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DriHMZiH_Te4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeig2014" class="citation journal cs1">Feig, Nurit (2014-08-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=9564&mag_id=121">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'En Shefar'am Final Report"</a> (126). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27En+Shefar%27am+Final+Report&rft.issue=126&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft.aulast=Feig&rft.aufirst=Nurit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D9564%26mag_id%3D121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinn1877" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Finn" title="James Finn">Finn, J.</a> (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byewaysinpalesti00finniala"><i>Byeways in Palestine</i></a>. London: James Nisbet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byeways+in+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pub=James+Nisbet&rft.date=1877&rft.aulast=Finn&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyewaysinpalesti00finniala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirro1992" class="citation book cs1">Firro, Kais (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=usEUXYnYWxAC&q=Najran+Hauran"><i>A History of the Druzes</i></a>. Vol. 1. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004094377" title="Special:BookSources/9004094377"><bdi>9004094377</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Druzes&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9004094377&rft.aulast=Firro&rft.aufirst=Kais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DusEUXYnYWxAC%26q%3DNajran%2BHauran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1880" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptiongogr01unkngoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Center&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Heyd, Uriel (1960): <i>Ottoman Documents on Palestine, 1552-1615</i>, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Cited in Petersen (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzog,_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Herzog, Chaim">Herzog, C.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Gazit" title="Shlomo Gazit">S. Gazit</a>, <i>The Arab-Israeli Wars</i>, Vintage books, 2005.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2"><bdi>3-920405-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=3-920405-41-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoudah2013" class="citation book cs1">Joudah, Ahmad Hasan (2013). <i>Revolt in Palestine in the Eighteenth Century: The Era of Shaykh Zahir al-Umar</i> (Second ed.). Gorgias Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-0002-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4632-0002-2"><bdi>978-1-4632-0002-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolt+in+Palestine+in+the+Eighteenth+Century%3A+The+Era+of+Shaykh+Zahir+al-Umar&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4632-0002-2&rft.aulast=Joudah&rft.aufirst=Ahmad+Hasan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarmon,_Y.1960" class="citation journal cs1">Karmon, Y. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jchp.ucla.edu/Bibliography/Karmon,_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_(IEJ_10).pdf">"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Israel Exploration Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (3, 4): 155–173, 244–253.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Exploration+Journal&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Jacotin%27s+Map+of+Palestine&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3%2C+4&rft.pages=155-173%2C+244-253&rft.date=1960&rft.au=Karmon%2C+Y.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jchp.ucla.edu%2FBibliography%2FKarmon%2C_Y_1960_Jacotin_Map_%28IEJ_10%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariti1792" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Mariti" class="extiw" title="it:Giovanni Mariti">Mariti, G.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Italian]</span> (1792). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughc00marigoog"><i>Travels Through Cyprus, Syria, and Palestine; with a General History of the Levant</i></a>. Vol. 1. Dublin: P. Byrne.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Travels+Through+Cyprus%2C+Syria%2C+and+Palestine%3B+with+a+General+History+of+the+Levant&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=P.+Byrne&rft.date=1792&rft.aulast=Mariti&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftravelsthroughc00marigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> (pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/travelsthroughc00marigoog#page/n396/mode/1up">366-367</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, B.</a> (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/birthofpalestini00morr"><i>The Birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-33028-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-33028-9"><bdi>0-521-33028-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+the+Palestinian+refugee+problem%2C+1947-1949&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-521-33028-9&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbirthofpalestini00morr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, B.</a> (1993). <i>Israel's Border Wars, 1949 - 1956. Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-827850-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-827850-0"><bdi>0-19-827850-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Border+Wars%2C+1949+-+1956.+Arab+Infiltration%2C+Israeli+Retaliation%2C+and+the+Countdown+to+the+Suez+War&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-19-827850-0&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Vilnai" class="mw-redirect" title="Ze'ev Vilnai">Vilnai, Z.</a>, "Shefa-'Amr, Between the past and the present", Jerusalem 1962.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Arabic+and+English+Name+Lists+Collected+During+the+Survey+by+Lieutenants+Conder+and+Kitchener%2C+R.+E.+Transliterated+and+Explained+by+E.H.+Palmer&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersen2001" class="citation book cs1">Petersen, Andrew (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/21620272"><i>A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)</i></a>. Vol. 1. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-727011-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-727011-0"><bdi>978-0-19-727011-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gazetteer+of+Buildings+in+Muslim+Palestine+%28British+Academy+Monographs+in+Archaeology%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-727011-0&rft.aulast=Petersen&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F21620272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilipp2001" class="citation book cs1">Philipp, Thomas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95I5QVdp4_gC"><i>Acre: The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian City, 1730–1831</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50603-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50603-8"><bdi>978-0-231-50603-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acre%3A+The+Rise+and+Fall+of+a+Palestinian+City%2C+1730%E2%80%931831&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50603-8&rft.aulast=Philipp&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D95I5QVdp4_gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Pringle, D.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC"><i>Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-46010-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-46010-7"><bdi>0-521-46010-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secular+buildings+in+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+an+archaeological+Gazetter&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-521-46010-7&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-_NbE5obqRMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringle1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Denys_Pringle" title="Denys Pringle">Pringle, D.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y0tA0xLzwEC"><i>The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: L-Z (excluding Tyre)</i></a>. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39037-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-39037-0"><bdi>0-521-39037-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Churches+of+the+Crusader+Kingdom+of+Jerusalem%3A+L-Z+%28excluding+Tyre%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-521-39037-0&rft.aulast=Pringle&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Y0tA0xLzwEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhode1979" class="citation thesis cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Rhode" title="Harold Rhode">Rhode, H.</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2026845"><i>Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century</i></a> (PhD). <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Administration+and+Population+of+the+Sancak+of+Safed+in+the+Sixteenth+Century&rft.inst=Columbia+University&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Rhode&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2026845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rogers, Mary Eliza, (1865): <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_KG09qepFmJAC">Domestic Life in Palestine</a></i> (Also cited in Petersen, 2001)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher1888" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gottlieb_Schumacher" title="Gottlieb Schumacher">Schumacher, G.</a> (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/quarterlystateme19pale">"Population list of the Liwa of Akka"</a>. <i>Quarterly Statement - Palestine Exploration Fund</i>. <b>20</b>: 169–191.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Statement+-+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.atitle=Population+list+of+the+Liwa+of+Akka&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=169-191&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Schumacher&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fquarterlystateme19pale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Singer_(historian)" title="Amy Singer (historian)">Singer, A.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC"><i>Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem</i></a>. Albany: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-5352-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-5352-9"><bdi>0-7914-5352-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Ottoman+Beneficence%3A+An+Imperial+Soup+Kitchen+in+Jerusalem&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7914-5352-9&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzHBHBTNwBQoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorek2015" class="citation book cs1">Sorek, Tamir (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=23855"><i>Palestinian Commemoration in Israel: Calendars, Monuments, and Martyrs</i></a>. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780804795203" title="Special:BookSources/9780804795203"><bdi>9780804795203</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Commemoration+in+Israel%3A+Calendars%2C+Monuments%2C+and+Martyrs&rft.place=Stanford%2C+CA&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780804795203&rft.aulast=Sorek&rft.aufirst=Tamir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sup.org%2Fbooks%2Ftitle%2F%3Fid%3D23855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyonHillmann2006" class="citation journal cs1">Syon, Danny; Hillmann, Avner (2006-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=339&mag_id=111">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'En Shefar'am Final Report"</a> (118). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27En+Shefar%27am+Final+Report&rft.issue=118&rft.date=2006-04-24&rft.aulast=Syon&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft.au=Hillmann%2C+Avner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D339%26mag_id%3D111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsafrir,_Y.Leah_Di_SegniJudith_Green1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Tsafrir" title="Yoram Tsafrir">Tsafrir, Y.</a>; Leah Di Segni; Judith Green (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8XJtAAAAMAAJ"><i>(TIR): Tabula Imperii Romani: Judaea, Palaestina</i></a>. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/965-208-107-8" title="Special:BookSources/965-208-107-8"><bdi>965-208-107-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%28TIR%29%3A+Tabula+Imperii+Romani%3A+Judaea%2C+Palaestina&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Israel+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Humanities&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=965-208-107-8&rft.au=Tsafrir%2C+Y.&rft.au=Leah+Di+Segni&rft.au=Judith+Green&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8XJtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaharoni1978" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9D_%D7%96%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99" class="extiw" title="he:מנחם זהרוני">Zaharoni, M.</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in Hebrew]</span> (1978). <i>Israel Guide - Lower Galilee and Kinneret Region (A useful encyclopedia for the knowledge of the country)</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 3. Jerusalem: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keter_Publishing_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Keter Publishing House (page does not exist)">Keter Publishing House</a>, in affiliation with the Israel Ministry of Defence. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/745203905">745203905</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+Guide+-+Lower+Galilee+and+Kinneret+Region+%28A+useful+encyclopedia+for+the+knowledge+of+the+country%29&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Keter+Publishing+House%2C+in+affiliation+with+the+Israel+Ministry+of+Defence&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F745203905&rft.aulast=Zaharoni&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShefa-Amr" class="Z3988"></span>, s.v. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שפרעם</span>‎</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shefa-Amr&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shefaram.muni.il/">Official website</a></span></span> (in Arabic or Hebrew)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Shafa_Amr_1573/index.html">Welcome To Shafa Amr</a></li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8368">IAA</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.05.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Survey of Western Palestine 1880.05.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaljulia" title="Jaljulia">Jaljulia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Bara" title="Kafr Bara">Kafr Bara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemer" title="Zemer">Zemer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Haifa_District" title="Haifa District">Haifa District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ar%27ara" title="Ar'ara">Ar'ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ara" title="'Ara">'Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baqa-Jatt" title="Baqa-Jatt">Baqa-Jatt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basma" title="Basma">Basma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barta%27a" title="Barta'a">Barta'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_as-Sahla" title="Ein as-Sahla">Ein as-Sahla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya,_Basma" title="Mu'awiya, Basma">Mu'awiya</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmel_City" title="Carmel City">Carmel City</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliyat_al-Karmel" title="Daliyat al-Karmel">Daliyat al-Karmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fureidis" title="Fureidis">Fureidis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hof_HaCarmel_Regional_Council" title="Hof HaCarmel Regional Council">Hof HaCarmel Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Hawd" title="Ein Hawd">Ein Hawd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfiya" title="Isfiya">Isfiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatt,_Israel" title="Jatt, Israel">Jatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jisr_az-Zarqa" title="Jisr az-Zarqa">Jisr az-Zarqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qara" title="Kafr Qara">Kafr Qara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Ma'ale Iron">Ma'ale Iron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayada,_Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Bayada, Ma'ale Iron">Bayada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musmus" title="Musmus">Musmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musheirifa" title="Musheirifa">Musheirifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Ma%27ale_Iron" title="Salem, Ma'ale Iron">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalafa" title="Zalafa">Zalafa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menashe_Regional_Council" title="Menashe Regional Council">Menashe Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Arian" title="Al-Arian">Al-Arian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiser" title="Meiser">Meiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Qutuf" title="Umm al-Qutuf">Umm al-Qutuf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zevulun_Regional_Council" title="Zevulun Regional Council">Zevulun Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibtin" title="Ibtin">Ibtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khawaled" title="Khawaled">Khawaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Ali" title="Ras Ali">Ras Ali</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_District" title="Jerusalem District">Jerusalem District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ghosh" title="Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jimal" title="Beit Jimal">Beit Jimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Safafa" title="Beit Safafa">Beit Safafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Yehuda_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Yehuda Regional Council">Mateh Yehuda Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Naqquba" title="Ein Naqquba">Ein Naqquba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Rafa" title="Ein Rafa">Ein Rafa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tor" title="Abu Tor">Abu Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanina" title="Beit Hanina">Beit Hanina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Quarter" title="Christian Quarter">Christian Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isawiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Isawiya">Isawiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabel_Mukaber" title="Jabel Mukaber">Jabel Mukaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Muslim Quarter (Jerusalem)">Muslim Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Amud" title="Ras al-Amud">Ras al-Amud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jarrah" title="Sheikh Jarrah">Sheikh Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuafat" title="Shuafat">Shuafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silwan" title="Silwan">Silwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sur_Baher" title="Sur Baher">Sur Baher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At-Tur_(Mount_of_Olives)" class="mw-redirect" title="At-Tur (Mount of Olives)">At-Tur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Tuba" title="Umm Tuba">Umm Tuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Joz" title="Wadi al-Joz">Wadi al-Joz</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Akbara" title="'Akbara">'Akbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamaam,_Israel" title="Hamaam, Israel">Hamaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumana,_Israel" title="Rumana, Israel">Rumana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumat_al-Heib" title="Rumat al-Heib">Rumat al-Heib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzeir" title="Uzeir">Uzeir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Dahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Dahi">Ed Dahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Misr" title="Kafr Misr">Kafr Misr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulam" title="Sulam">Sulam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muqeible" title="Muqeible">Muqeible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%27ura" title="Na'ura">Na'ura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandala_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sandala (town)">Sandala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra,_Galilee" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamra, Galilee">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taibe,_Galilee" title="Taibe, Galilee">Taibe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manshiya_Zabda" title="Manshiya Zabda">Manshiya Zabda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suweid_Hamira" title="Suweid Hamira">Suweid Hamira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="Jish">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Aramshe" title="Arab al-Aramshe">Arab al-Aramshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Danun" title="Sheikh Danun">Sheikh Danun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_al-Asad" title="Ein al-Asad">Ein al-Asad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_al-Na%27im" title="Arab al-Na'im">Arab al-Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdon" title="Hamdon">Hamdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmeide" title="Dmeide">Dmeide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussniyya" title="Hussniyya">Hussniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamanneh" title="Kamanneh">Kamanneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_al-Ein" title="Ras al-Ein">Ras al-Ein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallama" title="Sallama">Sallama</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shaghur,_Israel" title="Shaghur, Israel">Shaghur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_District_(Israel)" title="Southern District (Israel)">Southern District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abu_Basma_Regional_Council" title="Abu Basma Regional Council">Abu Basma Regional Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar%27arat_an-Naqab" title="Ar'arat an-Naqab">Ar'arat an-Naqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasom_Regional_Council" title="Al-Kasom Regional Council">Al-Kasom Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid,_Israel" title="Al-Sayyid, Israel">al-Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drijat" title="Drijat">Drijat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukhleh" title="Kukhleh">Kukhleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhul" title="Makhul">Makhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulada" title="Mulada">Mulada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirabin_al-Sana" title="Tirabin al-Sana">Tirabin al-Sana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Batin" title="Umm Batin">Umm Batin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hura" title="Hura">Hura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuseife" title="Kuseife">Kuseife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Midbar_Regional_Council" title="Neve Midbar Regional Council">Neve Midbar Regional Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Talul" title="Abu Talul">Abu Talul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Qrenat" title="Abu Qrenat">Abu Qrenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_Hadaj" title="Bir Hadaj">Bir Hadaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Sir" title="Qasr al-Sir">Qasr al-Sir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakiya" title="Lakiya">Lakiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaqib_al-Salam" title="Shaqib al-Salam">Shaqib al-Salam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Sheva" title="Tel Sheva">Tel Sheva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_Bedouin_villages_in_Israel" title="Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel">Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Arad,_Israel" title="Tel Arad, Israel">Tel Ara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Hiran" title="Umm al-Hiran">Umm al-Hiran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mixed_cities" title="Mixed cities">Mixed cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbas,_Haifa" title="Abbas, Haifa">Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Colony,_Haifa" title="German Colony, Haifa">German Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halisa" title="Halisa">Halisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kababir" title="Kababir">Kababir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Nisnas" title="Wadi Nisnas">Wadi Nisnas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajami,_Jaffa" title="Ajami, Jaffa">Ajami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Aliyah" title="Giv'at Aliyah">Giv'at Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Jaffa" title="Old Jaffa">Old Jaffa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li>Cooperative village <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neve_Shalom" title="Neve Shalom">Neve Shalom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/16px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/24px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_localities_in_Israel" title="Category:Arab localities in Israel">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northern_District_of_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Template:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Template talk:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northern District (Israel)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northern_District_of_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/City_council_(Israel)" title="City council (Israel)">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghar,_Israel" title="Maghar, Israel">Maghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shefa-%27Amr" class="mw-redirect" title="Shefa-'Amr">Shefa-'Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_District_in_Israel_(%2Bdisputed_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/50px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/75px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg/100px-Northern_District_in_Israel_%28%2Bdisputed_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_council_(Israel)" title="Local council (Israel)">Local councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Snan" title="Abu Snan">Abu Snan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmat_Tab%27un" title="Basmat Tab'un">Basmat Tab'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitegen">Beitegen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bi%27ina" title="Bi'ina">Bi'ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bir_al-Maksur" title="Bir al-Maksur">Bir al-Maksur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%27eine_Nujeidat" title="Bu'eine Nujeidat">Bu'eine Nujeidat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daburiyya" title="Daburiyya">Daburiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Asad" title="Deir al-Asad">Deir al-Asad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hanna" title="Deir Hanna">Deir Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilabun" title="Eilabun">Eilabun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Mahil" title="Ein Mahil">Ein Mahil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fassuta" title="Fassuta">Fassuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurfeish" title="Hurfeish">Hurfeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatzor_HaGlilit" title="Hatzor HaGlilit">Hatzor HaGlilit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27billin" title="I'billin">I'billin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksal" title="Iksal">Iksal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilut" title="Ilut">Ilut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeidi-Makr" title="Jadeidi-Makr">Jadeidi-Makr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jish" title="Jish">Jish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis" title="Julis">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre" title="Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre">Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabul,_Israel" title="Kabul, Israel">Kabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Kanna" title="Kafr Kanna">Kafr Kanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Manda" title="Kafr Manda">Kafr Manda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Yasif" title="Kafr Yasif">Kafr Yasif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Abu_al-Hija" title="Kaukab Abu al-Hija">Kaukab Abu al-Hija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Kama" title="Kfar Kama">Kfar Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Tavor" title="Kfar Tavor">Kfar Tavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Vradim" title="Kfar Vradim">Kfar Vradim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisra-Sumei" title="Kisra-Sumei">Kisra-Sumei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majd_al-Krum" title="Majd al-Krum">Majd al-Krum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad,_Israel" title="Mashhad, Israel">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazra%27a" title="Mazra'a">Mazra'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metula" title="Metula">Metula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal,_Israel" title="Migdal, Israel">Migdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27ilya" title="Mi'ilya">Mi'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahf" title="Nahf">Nahf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peki%27in" title="Peki'in">Peki'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Yishai" title="Ramat Yishai">Ramat Yishai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameh" title="Rameh">Rameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reineh" title="Reineh">Reineh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Pinna" title="Rosh Pinna">Rosh Pinna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajur" title="Sajur">Sajur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ab,_Israel" title="Sha'ab, Israel">Sha'ab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shlomi,_Israel" title="Shlomi, Israel">Shlomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli%E2%80%93Umm_al-Ghanam" title="Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam">Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuba-Zangariyye" title="Tuba-Zangariyye">Tuba-Zangariyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tur%27an" title="Tur'an">Tur'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yafa_an-Naseriyye" title="Yafa an-Naseriyye">Yafa an-Naseriyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanuh-Jat" title="Yanuh-Jat">Yanuh-Jat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarka" title="Yarka">Yarka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne%27el" title="Yavne'el">Yavne'el</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesud_HaMa%27ala" title="Yesud HaMa'ala">Yesud HaMa'ala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzir" title="Zarzir">Zarzir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buq%27ata" title="Buq'ata">Buq'ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Qiniyye" title="Ein Qiniyye">Ein Qiniyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghajar" title="Ghajar">Ghajar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas%27ade" title="Mas'ade">Mas'ade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzrin" title="Katzrin">Katzrin</a> (Israeli settlement)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)" title="Regional council (Israel)">Regional councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batuf_Regional_Council" title="Al-Batuf Regional Council">Al-Batuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaMaayanot_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaMaayanot Regional Council">Beit She'an Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bustan_al-Marj_Regional_Council" title="Bustan al-Marj Regional Council">Bustan al-Marj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emek_HaYarden_Regional_Council" title="Emek HaYarden Regional Council">Northern Jordan Valley (Emek HaYarden)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilboa_Regional_Council" title="Gilboa Regional Council">Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_Valley_Regional_Council" title="Jezreel Valley Regional Council">Jezreel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Lower Galilee Regional Council">Lower Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Yosef_Regional_Council" title="Ma'ale Yosef Regional Council">Ma'ale Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mateh_Asher_Regional_Council" title="Mateh Asher Regional Council">Mateh Asher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megiddo_Regional_Council" title="Megiddo Regional Council">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merom_HaGalil_Regional_Council" title="Merom HaGalil Regional Council">Merom HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevo%27ot_HaHermon_Regional_Council" title="Mevo'ot HaHermon Regional Council">Mevo'ot HaHermon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Regional_Council" title="Misgav Regional Council">Misgav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Upper Galilee Regional Council">Upper Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golan_Regional_Council" title="Golan Regional Council">Golan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Israeli_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Template talk:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_Israeli_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest Israeli cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Israel" title="List of cities in Israel">Israeli cities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">300,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <small>(East, West)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000–299,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bnei_Brak" title="Bnei Brak">Bnei Brak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petah_Tikva" title="Petah Tikva">Petah Tikva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000–199,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkelon" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beit Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herzliya" title="Herzliya">Herzliya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holon" title="Holon">Holon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Saba" title="Kfar Saba">Kfar Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehovot" title="Rehovot">Rehovot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000–99,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afula" title="Afula">Afula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilat" title="Eilat">Eilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Givatayim" title="Givatayim">Givatayim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hod_HaSharon" title="Hod HaSharon">Hod HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ata" title="Kiryat Ata">Kiryat Ata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Gat" title="Kiryat Gat">Kiryat Gat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modi%27in-Maccabim-Re%27ut" title="Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut">Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahariya" title="Nahariya">Nahariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_Ziona" title="Ness Ziona">Ness Ziona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%27anana" title="Ra'anana">Ra'anana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahat" title="Rahat">Rahat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramla" title="Ramla">Ramla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_HaAyin" title="Rosh HaAyin">Rosh HaAyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15,000–49,999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arad,_Israel" title="Arad, Israel">Arad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Israel" title="Arraba, Israel">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Beit She'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimona" title="Dimona">Dimona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%27ad" title="El'ad">El'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giv%27at_Shmuel" title="Giv'at Shmuel">Giv'at Shmuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Kafr Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_Yona" title="Kfar Yona">Kfar Yona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Bialik" title="Kiryat Bialik">Kiryat Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Malakhi" title="Kiryat Malakhi">Kiryat Malakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Motzkin" title="Kiryat Motzkin">Kiryat Motzkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Ono" title="Kiryat Ono">Kiryat Ono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona" title="Kiryat Shmona">Kiryat Shmona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Yam" title="Kiryat Yam">Kiryat Yam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot-Tarshiha" title="Ma'alot-Tarshiha">Ma'alot-Tarshiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migdal_HaEmek" title="Migdal HaEmek">Migdal HaEmek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesher" title="Nesher">Nesher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netivot" title="Netivot">Netivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nof_HaGalil" title="Nof HaGalil">Nof HaGalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofakim" title="Ofakim">Ofakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Akiva" title="Or Akiva">Or Akiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_Yehuda" title="Or Yehuda">Or Yehuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalansawe" title="Qalansawe">Qalansawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramat_HaSharon" title="Ramat HaSharon">Ramat HaSharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhnin" title="Sakhnin">Sakhnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shefa-Amr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamra" title="Tamra">Tamra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe" title="Tayibe">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberias" title="Tiberias">Tiberias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirat_Carmel" title="Tirat Carmel">Tirat Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yavne" title="Yavne">Yavne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehud-Monosson" title="Yehud-Monosson">Yehud-Monosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yokneam_Illit" title="Yokneam Illit">Yokneam Illit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q990657#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q990657#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q990657#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123228819">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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