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.ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style> <table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-text"> <div class="mbox-text-span"> 此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2016年5月3日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3D%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%26action%3Dedit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Fact?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br> 致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?%26as_eq%3Dwikipedia%26q%3D%2522%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%2522">"清朝政府"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?q%3D%2522%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%2522">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbm%3Dnws%26q%26as_src%3D-newswire%2B-wire%2B-presswire%2B-PR%2B-press%2B-release%2B-wikipedia%26q%3D%2522%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%2522">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?%26as_brr%3D0%26as_pub%3D-icon%26q%3D%2522%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%2522">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?%26q%3D%2522%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%2522">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.google.com/search?tbm%3Disch%26safe%3Doff%26q%3D%2522%25E6%25B8%2585%25E6%259C%259D%25E6%2594%25BF%25E5%25BA%259C%2522">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <p><b>清朝政府</b>，或称<b>清政府</b>、<b>清廷</b>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E8%AF%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="满语">满语</a>：<span lang="mnc"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r76324713">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Mongolian Universal White","Noto Sans Mongolian"}</style><span lang="mnc" class="font-mong-mnc" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.25em; font-family:'Mongolian Baiti', 'Mongol Universal White', 'Noto Sans Mongolian', 'Abkai Xanyan', 'Abkai Xanyan LA', 'Abkai Xanyan VT', 'Abkai Xanyan XX', 'Abkai Xanyan SC', 'Abkai Buleku', 'Daicing White', 'Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig', 'Oyun Qagan Tig', 'Oyun Garqag Tig', 'Oyun Har_a Tig', 'Oyun Scnin Tig', 'Mongolian BT'; writing-mode: vertical-lr; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᡥᠠᡵᡤᠠᡧᠠᠨ <br> ᠶᠠᠮᡠᠨ </span></span>，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="满文转写方案">穆麟德轉寫</a>：<i><span class="Unicode" lang="mnc-Latn" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none" title="穆麟德转写">hargašan yamun</span></i>，内廷<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%A1%99%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="衙门">衙门</a>），是指中国<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清朝">清朝</a>的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="政府">統治機構</a>，以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝皇帝">皇帝</a>為<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E9%A0%98%E5%B0%8E%E4%BA%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="最高領導人">最高領導人</a>，身兼<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國家元首">國家元首</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A6%96%E8%85%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="政府首腦">政府首腦</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%A5%E6%AC%8A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="統帥權">軍事統帥</a>，其範圍亦隨皇帝授權而定。清朝政府始于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E9%87%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="后金">后金</a>政权，長達296年，至1912年<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BB%9F%E5%B8%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="宣统帝">宣统帝</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1%E5%B8%9D%E9%80%80%E4%BD%8D%E8%A9%94%E6%9B%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統帝退位詔書">退位</a>後终结，是<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="中國歷史">中國歷史</a>上最後一個帝制政府。最初是仿效<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="明朝">明朝</a>建立的君主集权体制，不设<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E7%9B%B8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宰相">宰相</a>，先后由清朝皇帝主导的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E6%94%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="议政王大臣会议">议政王大臣会议</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B9%A6%E6%88%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="南书房">南书房</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%BA%E5%A4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="军机处">军机处</a>掌权。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清末新政">清末新政</a>实施后，仿效西方国家实行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="君主立宪制">君主立宪制</a>，置<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝内阁列表">责任内阁</a>和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="內閣總理大臣 (清朝)">内阁总理大臣</a>，但因多半為皇族和滿人，遭漢人<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中国清末革命团体列表">革命黨</a>推翻。</p> <table class="infobox ib-country vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"> <div class="ib-country-names"> 清朝政府 </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"> <div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 3px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Flag_of_China_(1889%E2%80%931912).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="清朝政府國旗"><img alt="清朝政府國旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_China_%281889%E2%80%931912%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%25281889%25E2%2580%25931912%2529.svg/188px-Flag_of_China_%25281889%25E2%2580%25931912%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Flag_of_China_%25281889%25E2%2580%25931912%2529.svg/250px-Flag_of_China_%25281889%25E2%2580%25931912%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"></a></span> </div> </div> <div> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%BE%8D%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="黃龍旗">國旗</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌：</b>《<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9E%8F%E9%87%91%E7%94%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="鞏金甌">鞏金甌</a>》<span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="51" data-mwtitle="Gǒng_Jīn'ōu.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/G%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/G%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg/G%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা‪（bn）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪（en）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español‪（es）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia‪（id）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=sl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sl" label="slovenščina‪（sl）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย‪（th）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt‪（vi）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆）‪（zh-cn）‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AG%C7%92ng_J%C4%ABn%27%C5%8Du.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體）‪（zh-hant）‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北京">北京</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">常用语言</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%B0%88%E5%88%B6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="君主專制">君主專制</a></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清朝君主列表">皇帝</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""> </td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1616－1626 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%AA%E7%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清太祖">太祖高皇帝</a>努爾哈赤</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1636－1643 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清太宗">太宗文皇帝</a>皇太極</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1643－1661 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%96%E7%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清世祖">世祖章皇帝</a>福臨</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1661－1722 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%81%96%E7%A5%96?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清聖祖">聖祖仁皇帝</a>玄燁</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1722－1735 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清世宗">世宗憲皇帝</a>胤禛</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1735－1796 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清高宗">高宗純皇帝</a>弘曆</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1796－1820 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清仁宗">仁宗睿皇帝</a>顒琰</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1820－1850 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%A3%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清宣宗">宣宗成皇帝</a>旻寧</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1850－1861 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%96%87%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清文宗">文宗顯皇帝</a>奕詝</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1861－1875 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A9%86%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清穆宗">穆宗毅皇帝</a>載淳</td> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""> <div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;"> • 1875－1908 </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%AE%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清德宗">德宗景皇帝</a>載湉</td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="资政院">資政院</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th> <td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%AD%94%E9%92%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="方孔钱">方孔錢</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%9D%E9%92%9E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大清宝钞">寶鈔</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E5%85%83?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀元">銀元</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">中央政府机构</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%90%8E%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">后金时代</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%85%A5%E5%85%B3%E8%87%B3%E6%B8%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%9F"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">入关至清中期</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%99%9A%E6%B8%85%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">晚清时期</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%A9%9F%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">中央國家機關列表</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%A7%81"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">参见</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E6%B3%A8%E9%87%8A"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">注释</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">参考资料</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">外部链接</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="中央政府机构"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.A4.AE.E6.94.BF.E5.BA.9C.E6.9C.BA.E6.9E.84"></span>中央政府机构</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：中央政府机构" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="后金时代"><span id=".E5.90.8E.E9.87.91.E6.97.B6.E4.BB.A3"></span>后金时代</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：后金时代" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg/220px-Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg/220px-Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg/330px-Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg/440px-Mukden_palace_Dazheng_Hall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E9%98%B3%E6%95%85%E5%AE%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="沈阳故宫">沈阳故宫</a>中的东路建筑，中为大政殿，两侧的十王亭是清初左右翼王和<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%97%97?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="八旗">八旗</a>办公的地方 </figcaption> </figure> <p>清朝政府最初的行政架构始设于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E9%87%91?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="后金">后金</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%AA%E6%9E%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="皇太极">皇太极</a>时期，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="天聪">天聪</a>五年（1631年），设<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="六部">六部</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吏部">吏部</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="户部">户部</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A4%BC%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="礼部">礼部</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="兵部">兵部</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%91%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="刑部">刑部</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="工部">工部</a>）。天聪十年（1636年）设立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="都察院">都察院</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="崇德">崇德</a>二年（1637年）设立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%94%BF%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="議政王大臣會議">議政王大臣會議</a>，这是后金时期和清初重要的决策机构。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="入关至清中期"><span id=".E5.85.A5.E5.85.B3.E8.87.B3.E6.B8.85.E4.B8.AD.E6.9C.9F"></span>入关至清中期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：入关至清中期" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年（1644年）<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%86%9B%E5%85%A5%E5%85%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清军入关">清军入关</a>后，<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%83%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="國都">国都</a>由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9B%9B%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="盛京城">盛京城</a>迁至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="北京城">北京城</a>，并增设多个中央行政机构。顺治十五年（1658年）又仿照<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E5%86%85%E9%98%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="明朝内阁">明朝内阁</a>制度设立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%86%85%E9%98%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清朝内阁">内阁</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>，由<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大学士">大学士</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%8A%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="协办大学士">协办大学士</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="学士">学士</a>、<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BE%8D%E8%AE%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%A3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="侍讀學士">侍读学士</a>等组成，负责起草、传达诏令，进呈题疏，代批拟旨等。清朝的内阁名义上居中央辅政机构之首，但没有明朝中后期内阁那样的实权，内阁的最高长官大学士，虽然品极位崇，实际上只是皇帝的私人秘书，为皇帝缮写文书和谕旨而已。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="康熙">康熙</a>十六年（1677年），在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%85%E9%98%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="内阁">内阁</a>外另设立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%B9%A6%E6%88%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="南书房">南书房</a>，使之成为决策中心。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雍正">雍正</a>十年（1732年），正式定名的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%BA%E5%A4%84?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="军机处">办理军机事务处</a>（简称军机处）成为清中后期为皇帝服务的国家决策中心。至此，议政王大臣会议名存实亡，至乾隆晚年始废除。</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="晚清时期"><span id=".E6.99.9A.E6.B8.85.E6.97.B6.E6.9C.9F"></span>晚清时期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：晚清时期" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%B8%85?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="晚清">晚清</a>时期，国内外环境剧变。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="咸丰">咸豐</a>十一年（1861年），恭親王<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A5%95%E8%A8%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="奕訢">奕訢</a>設立<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="總理各國事務衙門">總理各國事務衙門</a>，以處理與西方列強的交涉問題。清文宗駕崩後，穆宗繼位，東太后<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%92%AE%E7%A5%9C%E7%A6%84%E6%B0%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="钮祜禄氏">鈕祜祿氏</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%85%88%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="慈安太后">慈安太后</a>）與西太后<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E8%B5%AB%E9%82%A3%E6%8B%89%E6%B0%8F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="叶赫那拉氏">葉赫那拉氏</a>（<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%85%88%E7%A6%A7%E5%A4%AA%E5%90%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="慈禧太后">慈禧太后</a>）共同聽政，支撐滿清政權。慈安太后死後，慈禧太后獨掌大權，成為晚清的實際統治者。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十六年（1900年）<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E5%AD%90%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="庚子事变">庚子事变</a>后，清朝政府开始推行<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清末新政">新政</a>。光緒三十二年（1906年）9月，政府下诏订定新中央官制，改六部为<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%AB%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清末新政">十一部</a>。<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%BB%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="宣统">宣统</a>三年（1911年），成立一个以<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="清朝內閣總理大臣">总理大臣</a>为首的<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大清帝国内阁列表">责任内阁</a>。末帝<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%BA%A5%E4%BB%AA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="溥仪">溥仪</a>在1912年2月12日退位后，在北京<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E7%A6%81%E5%9F%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="紫禁城">紫禁城</a>中依然保持着一个“<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%80%8A%E6%B8%85%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9D%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="逊清皇室小朝廷">逊清皇室小朝廷</a>”，直至<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国">民國</a>十三年（1924年）11月5日被迫出宫结束。</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="中央國家機關列表"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.A4.AE.E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.B6.E6.A9.9F.E9.97.9C.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>中央國家機關列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：中央國家機關列表" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable" width="590"> <tbody> <tr> <th width="220">機關名稱</th> <th width="80">成立時間<br> （西曆）</th> <th width="102">成立時間<br> （中曆）</th> <th width="80">廢除時間<br> （西曆）</th> <th width="102">廢除時間<br> （中曆）</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="吏部">吏部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1631年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1911年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%88%B7%E9%83%A8_(%E5%AE%98%E7%BD%B2)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="户部 (官署)">戶部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1631年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1906年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="禮部">禮部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1631年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1911年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%B5%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="兵部">兵部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1631年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1906年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%88%91%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="刑部">刑部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1631年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1906年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="工部">工部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1631年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1906年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%8B%99%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="外務部">外務部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1900年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十六年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E9%83%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="學部 (清朝)">學部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1905年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十一年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="法部">法部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E9%83%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="陸軍部 (清朝)">陸軍部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%83%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="海軍部 (清朝)">海軍部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1910年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E9%83%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="民政部 (清朝)">民政部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%A6%E6%94%AF%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="度支部">度支部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E5%82%B3%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="郵傳部">郵傳部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E5%B7%A5%E5%95%86%E9%83%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="農工商部">農工商部</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="內閣總理大臣 (清朝)">內閣</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1911年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="都察院">都察院</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1636年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%81%B0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="天聰">天聰</a>十年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%97%A9%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="理藩院">理藩院</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1639年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%BE%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="崇德">崇德</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1911年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86%E5%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="大理寺">大理寺</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%BF%B0%E6%9E%97%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="翰林院">翰林院</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="資政院">資政院</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1907年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BC%BC%E5%BE%B7%E9%99%A2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="弼德院">弼德院</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1911年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E6%A9%9F%E8%99%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="軍機處">軍機處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1729年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雍正">雍正</a>七年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1911年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E5%B7%A1%E9%98%B2%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="京城巡防處（页面不存在）">京城巡防處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1853年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E8%B1%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="咸豐">咸豐</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%83%E8%AD%B0%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="會議政務處（页面不存在）">會議政務處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1901年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十七年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B4%8B%E7%9D%A3%E7%B7%B4%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="北洋督練處（页面不存在）">北洋督練處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1901年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十七年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E7%B7%B4%E5%85%B5%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="總理練兵處（页面不存在）">總理練兵處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1903年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十八年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86%E8%B2%A1%E6%94%BF%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="清理財政處（页面不存在）">清理財政處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1903年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十九年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%A8%85%E5%8B%99%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="稅務處（页面不存在）">稅務處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%9D%A3%E8%BE%A6%E9%B9%BD%E6%94%BF%E8%99%95?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="督辦鹽政處">督辦鹽政處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1909年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%89%8D%E9%8B%92%E8%AD%B7%E8%BB%8D%E7%AD%89%E7%87%9F%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="管理前鋒護軍等營事務大臣處（页面不存在）">管理前鋒護軍等營事務大臣處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1911年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E7%87%9F%E5%8B%99%E8%99%95&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="京城營務處（页面不存在）">京城營務處</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1911年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E7%B5%B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宣統">宣統</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%9F%8E%E5%96%84%E5%BE%8C%E5%8D%94%E5%B7%A1%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="京城善後協巡總局（页面不存在）">京城善後協巡總局</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1901年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十七年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%81%E7%85%99%E7%B8%BD%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="禁煙總局（页面不存在）">禁煙總局</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1902年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十八年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="大清銀行">大清銀行</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1908年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十四年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%90%E7%9B%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="國子監">國子監</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%A4%A9%E7%9B%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="欽天監">欽天監</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E9%A4%A8_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="國史館 (清朝)">國史館</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1765年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>三十年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%AE%E8%A8%82%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E9%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="修訂法律館（页面不存在）">修訂法律館</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1905年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十一年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%94%BF%E7%BC%96%E6%9F%A5%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宪政编查馆">憲政編查館</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1907年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%AB%E9%AB%98%E7%AD%89%E5%AF%A9%E5%88%A4%E5%BB%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="京師高等審判廳（页面不存在）">京師高等審判廳</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1907年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small></small></td> <td><small> </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%83%95%E5%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="太僕寺">太僕寺</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B8%B8%E5%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="太常寺">太常寺</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%A5%BF%E5%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光祿寺">光祿寺</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%B4%BB%E8%87%9A%E5%AF%BA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="鴻臚寺">鴻臚寺</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%8B%99%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="內務府">內務府</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1644年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1924年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>十三年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E4%BA%BA%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="宗人府">宗人府</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1652年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="順治">順治</a>九年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1924年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>十三年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%83%E8%80%83%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="會考府（页面不存在）">會考府</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1723年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雍正">雍正</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%86%87%E8%A6%AA%E7%8E%8B%E5%BA%9C?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="醇親王府">醇親王府</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1864年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="同治">同治</a>三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1951年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>四十年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%BB%8D%E8%B0%98%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="軍谘府（页面不存在）">軍谘府</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%AF%E5%8F%A4%E5%A1%94%E5%89%AF%E9%83%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="甯古塔副都統衙門（页面不存在）">甯古塔副都統衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1676年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="康熙">康熙</a>十五年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%8D%E6%B1%9F%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="黑龍江將軍衙門（页面不存在）">黑龍江將軍衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1683年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="康熙">康熙</a>二十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1906年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%BF%E6%98%A5%E5%89%AF%E9%83%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="琿春副都統衙門（页面不存在）">琿春副都統衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1714年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="康熙">康熙</a>五十三年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AB%E6%97%97%E9%83%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="八旗都統衙門（页面不存在）">八旗都統衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1723年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E6%AD%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="雍正">雍正</a>元年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%A5%9A%E5%85%8B%E5%89%AF%E9%83%BD%E7%B5%B1%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="阿拉楚克副都統衙門（页面不存在）">阿拉楚克副都統衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1756年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="乾隆">乾隆</a>二十一年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E8%A1%99%E9%96%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="總理各國事務衙門">總理各國事務衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1861年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E8%B1%90?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="咸豐">咸豐</a>十一年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1900年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十六年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%AD%A5%E5%86%9B%E7%BB%9F%E9%A2%86%E8%A1%99%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="步军统领衙门">步軍統領衙門</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1901年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>二十七年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E7%95%BF%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E5%90%84%E9%8E%AE%E7%9D%A3%E7%B7%B4%E5%85%AC%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="近畿陸軍各鎮督練公所（页面不存在）">近畿陸軍各鎮督練公所</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1906年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%B7%92?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="光緒">光緒</a>三十二年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9C%BA%E8%90%A5_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="神机营 (清朝)">神機營</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small>1861年</small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%92%B8%E4%B8%B0_(%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B7)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="咸丰 (年号)">咸豐</a>十一年</small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E9%94%90%E8%90%A5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="健锐营">健銳營</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small></small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small></small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E8%A1%9B%E8%BB%8D?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="禁衛軍">禁衛軍</a></td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small></small></td> <td bgcolor="#F2F2F2"><small></small></td> <td align="center"><small>1912年</small></td> <td><small><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="中華民國">民國</a>元年 </small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参见" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:China_dragon.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/32px-China_dragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 21px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/32px-China_dragon.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="32" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/48px-China_dragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/64px-China_dragon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:中国">中国主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 31px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="31" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:历史">历史主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:政治">政治主题</a></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%AE%98%E8%81%B7%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清朝官職表">清朝官職表</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E9%96%A3%E7%B8%BD%E7%90%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="內閣總理大臣 (清朝)">清朝內閣總理大臣</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E5%86%85%E9%98%81%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清朝责任内阁列表">清朝责任内阁列表</a></li> <li><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E6%B8%85%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4%E5%B0%8F%E6%9C%9D%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="遜清皇室小朝廷">遜清皇室小朝廷</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：注释" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div id="references-NoteFoot"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BB%B7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%86%85%E9%98%81?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="清朝内阁">清朝内阁</a>在<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E7%A6%81%E5%9F%8E?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="紫禁城">紫禁城</a><a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E9%97%A8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="东华门">东华门</a>内<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8D%8E%E6%AE%BF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="文华殿">文华殿</a>南边的内阁大堂办公。</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：参考资料" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="编辑章节：外部链接" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li>神谷秀二：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id%3D7000253971">清初官员的品级与升转</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111152450/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id%3D7000253971">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="https://zh-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉.</li> <li>呂元聰：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nssd.org/articles/Article_Read.aspx?id%3D1002096656">清代前期政府官员的实习培训制度</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111152500/http://www.nssd.org/articles/Article_Read.aspx?id%3D1002096656">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a 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