CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135c48e9f0afdc6',cH: '19yLbjYfGgox59O3oMY0sF7reUyoiF.LTkFPIoO1jZk-1739795207-1.2.1.1-fbAg0wr3m.GG276vZFD_Shl1nK8YJquJpd4ARsp6S_VmY4KjKyI79xYgIiLWd6B3',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/14773\/fracking-the-uks-shale-gas-regulatory-regime?__cf_chl_tk=h2Y93_Y4yKJWYCAmAOpPd1IQXy2lwguhNLK97LQpMdE-1739795207-1.0.1.1-PBs1icDdcXXCuMovW8gN2spjVbun.Y1yVk0oDiEGz1E",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795207',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/14773\/fracking-the-uks-shale-gas-regulatory-regime?__cf_chl_f_tk=h2Y93_Y4yKJWYCAmAOpPd1IQXy2lwguhNLK97LQpMdE-1739795207-1.0.1.1-PBs1icDdcXXCuMovW8gN2spjVbun.Y1yVk0oDiEGz1E",md: "4x76REMWadLox2UAthfqMI8SLsgyOzMX1W2tVPpZERA-1739795207-1.2.1.1-VDZ0LwgqMXntg5pfIfeG4n47GCzlCmmuCTJqwSC7UwpuMCDTRACN70ctEPu_bUApI9Rb1s7n7Kczv5SBFFAHig_re4Imy5EjfX927AwZI5q_ZTCXlPcoqa.EISTOYz7bufJOdJ1RmkoInrvKxk_XRmAJ_5mW.hl3fumMjMJw9BSp.zQ3Gt7hVxVgufXcp61alL7k5GAbHknniqtgoY6WnI2ozrotc5YvJH.xjAKWfCU2GCX8LAmc38X4NvYaxp6uC8VxoYL3gVg6eQGBmI8HEj3mX0FPqnfx0K4gXge.qOXyvY4xnAb22_XXXew4_jRAy__bYAc_dmVMC0oTiGpUEIdhs1fohqfj9lUs.0LLrRK1OY46.vg9UHKiACT3bwGmj.OcjmWm6jDEGKPqNxSfCjiKArpCYHRPOg85ZGXwyay2ecq_nn4UVxJU1PZ76Q0ivixx0_cUZPJOLlXOpOfU799MfOnVt3xPl1hb1XbXA6vDp7ElEJhyNbuzA0InxnLDynKiEDvmX7j0S6qQn9XhVepDzQtQO3RLJsJv9wOCZpFFBwOqPrO.81dbPom1D.fLicM7yxy83z7ynQi5DCyyZVnIzgJVb.I9XnzbTXLxbVSJ6JQWE3DvgWda7n0PTFhMAdUXfTR8OeotMD9B6dCeU3HGsP.pxNEihoopm0wDTqbDQBP.GTI.EKCvrSinH17s2Sfk.1xmOnmNadlq8ojm2PaPbb0KJmqJMU65yoQwEnR50rwrU9pcfcUYwq7kdW8JBHTlM3SPVVjDCFwg8YXdUBrkBKPm1q.frwSWmlxMiYmcNKjCmQAttAFBbSj1Oj6.HWqiuyPpxro9QFZWVyGPdo4wE9Vsdq4bcOIW354V2dSxxDG_MQTutg5czJ07feMcMCxyD4Ls2rscwBP.Cd.OU_E4.X9N9dhAubva13qSyk0d1JlVeVndwIHv3Z3WutU6eEgNo5TpjiM5qeLcI3KlaszBXTLCiJXbmFPEI6Y__5xgPfb1adgY8uPVCk2ex77eXpeuNew5ysNZgf_3c8raH9ZJl9VmFhrDb1JCt_acUTrd1Phaglr949XYOR2Wm3L5fgTbcjJDGZLb4qn233lyvqnJLxApJ0qXmZIQnfR3674xBXlKvDkEACcs_CHgZGBENhxs6dWuPtYwARfJJm7scfMO35JElW7wc6URbQ09zQSUWRvk6BcXEHTEhAMwX_.ayNRlL55.9Q0MET_igBp4ae9fDvs7zi_QCjF.PqwChcRn6nbyW.s2.7.JQyPFA7K5nQLUeOHe9YxWV0nkdXEr6ajc_T6aE8vE2r7Pxa5FZWfHYi8Zrqf1vGVeuDRPcU4kJnDfqdRwGXTg4bKS2z9RyhEwnGqijbFq53DAhp3P.eeIN_1_zXmnpLj.l3eEBXpwblklZQSceCSstHGOTsQqE6TreLgfsXIrnVrEDrNf4uyBxL9zsB1goWUC1z6h7_4VcZConjZgh5Ecv6SuGCYznDxMnFPbJ2yyOu2ot9MASiYrkQVuxzL.v9AffJK6UD1yUA8z4a6iTGJbm2kzHd0nRuA5J73rtEBFMPKeRD5TaBPI4AGWx7WqZWKsHgXgPsC8aBvofIseYlkn5p1NmKkGCvN6ghPQ2znVr_BmMbPx1JfIhAOyLAcxePbWDje9VOPstgh689KD3gKK7ZgTNzIuCeKxjyQXY1WhLIgoV1Jr2U7wRrnxY4RnvQv.fSQe4l4gf6XxOfh.cMEBJO_6MfnHp9WwaDhAUyetMzDHZ7MEgsrPC8ey0yITivC1j38p659Qn1TiO3vW7snhXVSofY6ldYGgv8w4q_PeYaQJKXh1HBJCduHXNXpu6w1xiXnoMBDRqzXFwE7B4UPhCC6MqEx7XDlXw5cXRGKfFYP5WPJ.GaQ3HjbU9zTUkX1tVNiCAJBbjwFjdVEONEdOUTSpUzcUdPYSlf9Oclxqj1w3xqKy2D1lH2lY76RKweaeI_TvqIyet4bTeD7a_TFVu3MNQTovqF6WHnHgSfe9WolOiNhbnfs",mdrd: "aMi0GHZJkmVvhFtvUgD49yBxvsd2Wwduok7fNK0IJpE-1739795207-1.2.1.1-1XdZoWINtyVuKV5qa134Ljrng0D963tke.6e8k8dXTqoBDR6Rrfi64GBhjzEvyvsVbumrS6PVCfgpDt0LAmL7weWMsxKDjOQFHG0FdEcNkbcN8e9SaA4rWzCrlW6IKHIWPEj.BOVF_CebcFMrRdtTP2_YfaQ70NFIcw_rlvG16UklS86ynpbeY5vbZMcQkKyghvzzEI1lgODFWZbZDoHuyMZgXTZn6AuCDC7uHIHRgu9iVsKGw3SG7SRFGunSD.tGm_trJ3kKmAZDnNcHPV_ATAPKl53e3j_Js9Ebq2Rhi2tcPI37BgIbqTbMayvEh70EyYKd6j3NamEyzSCXGnQ9_Z8DB.4X.X_N5l31.jlggqET._INa_NXGkC_jeV.tFuvj0jnVcouGiDOTyadEkM1qbDP9t7iOdwvazCYbikraKugZn89ms6SHhgnhta1tyY.vK7oLpEMpiC9ii4JtVO_HLrvfye2qlMcwyLEUrJcAWEgVg6Ubd13kGVj8ei8o40qvzugh7sVzowrfCVBqkktRbVlIKG0ReYYVY0yULuReV4LFTH3Zn0SsnBeowsAQMUfIEdHlmIG9iZFC7W70Rw7x9Pl45mlukvB3pXKGaGKJPefsgcGi3VsjRE_I3brLk1evyaL1KUaXDb6OqxWsqUglnx.mvgqQO_RucLgPyDkqbUgYT9xSm0zSS9vPbho5KSJAjHIpVbSBFAatRXpn8bduzRveCYSjDQ9SiFGrnxrGHU4gt6mxX6juEaLTNLzd9Wa35WAkp3W.XV54dvHlKOvNT.N6gfWy5gFULjnyIc_82dMwcRz9zXxj5zv9UAiFycbNB_L4xe5HQeur4ESJ0veNSBe6N.zIp5dghisaq4qhP0yk_6T_P0rrsf9trgc2idrpg5wRZDVdJ.lxhhSOygGHqiV30Rv.DJcBuWr4ySHKDlAffgg6cD99DIX4uYONM5cwC69TRjWuIdwqoznriL8sTCjhaIyuvq6eTJM1VyMVeUP9A2auXBC_ZRxBTQTt0qCD2rL5PkvfzxMrTBamC2jI_V6kxAYthhgd5TYafgC5OA6PiGN0ZdcO8W2xfeoqKcDPHexJh8xDjg.OOU8__SjiKmArLlsIGHWspnGDtVjCvyhhj7kGC.6soIY4zq5pB4o3MYejHjmsqTruCydp9BPf7q4kmrr3lauZdxKZXR4hXd3mM_iUiEBiG2NPNel6nPKyDDW6KW7aj4mrsAdsUWS8ciFAKaM76wTnms6FKwk5lWVkkEcBoFoeTWcvQwhEg75NbtJFT.j35ghIpQUuH.yVKD3EYNbas.c3gofJ8tvN89bXm0mfWfJuicRXpb270Yv9DgX5xqsddxe7S5bW_5QSW9uvig2wg6FeumNQclfOIJWTpATtCP83ygJnPF2.DFcmrMErCGTmfshCWYj6f0q9CXLrzRpLi7o7v9C9IiIfmYVipb2ZY1T0xd7TwmZt_oYTbNJRfapC_Yv0JFU2Eb5r1bADB3faVUxlTnXrQa0LjBwBlZHhawDl9j5LX.z6l4R75qHuUMd.nTlAXASdeAq6TBjHieES2NxNukPM4B6PMbOXmURc0_mFaGNyGLgmhYblydCQhNGg4m2jnwGEhlqKMdF2xZoz8U2WrZZXj9rp4XF3bXr6p0_5W9J7fv7hkLv0J1PBbHQUZ_1ffA3EPbUJP7W.x_RlHpq0vCYxlGWloycb2FdmqlLjWTcOed.RDX2rTEQRMrZ.dK.C_tDhhHFW1iFmqYpHGLrnU_YaXYcPBTSbn9CzXMugF7vfswdit69MqCk3_g2YOGv8IRAA2De14L2axv5GQuTyknUIzWvMJvbuAFBvVG2t16HB0EEyiy5lhUSvov7aEAKeV6_G9xpsBwRf6KdagYvMhBj7_0qFXPy6nAAlhz_S27NRFJQRsV3wgJBjcBeClHY8mhxoTxESmc688JAGfhE0z9euatd3zKhTwHQr90odU4cupLDZ3O"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135c48e9f0afdc6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/14773\/fracking-the-uks-shale-gas-regulatory-regime?__cf_chl_rt_tk=h2Y93_Y4yKJWYCAmAOpPd1IQXy2lwguhNLK97LQpMdE-1739795207-1.0.1.1-PBs1icDdcXXCuMovW8gN2spjVbun.Y1yVk0oDiEGz1E" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>