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id="toc-Geographic_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Written_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Written_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Written language</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Written_language-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Written language subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Written_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sunuwar_(or_Koĩts)_native_alphabet_in_Nepal_&_Sikkim,_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sunuwar_(or_Koĩts)_native_alphabet_in_Nepal_&_Sikkim,_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Sunuwar (or Koĩts) native alphabet in Nepal & Sikkim, India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sunuwar_(or_Koĩts)_native_alphabet_in_Nepal_&_Sikkim,_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Devanagari-based_abugida_for_the_Sunwar_language_in_Nepal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Devanagari-based_abugida_for_the_Sunwar_language_in_Nepal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Devanagari-based abugida for the Sunwar language in Nepal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Devanagari-based_abugida_for_the_Sunwar_language_in_Nepal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tikamuli_native_abugida_(since_2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tikamuli_native_abugida_(since_2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Tikamuli native abugida (since 2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tikamuli_native_abugida_(since_2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Phonology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Phonology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Consonants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vowels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vowels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Vowels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vowels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diphthongs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diphthongs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Diphthongs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diphthongs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syllable_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllable_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Syllable structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syllable_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morphology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morphology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Morphology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Morphology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Morphology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Markers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Markers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Markers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Markers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Case-marking_suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case-marking_suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Case-marking suffixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Case-marking_suffixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dual_marker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dual_marker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Dual marker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dual_marker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plural_marker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plural_marker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Plural marker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plural_marker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Absent_marker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Absent_marker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>Absent marker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Absent_marker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suffixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suffixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Suffixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suffixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(Animate_Agent)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(Animate_Agent)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Possessive suffix: <span>⟨-ke⟩</span> (Animate Agent)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(Animate_Agent)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(inanimate_subject)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(inanimate_subject)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Possessive suffix: <span>⟨-ke⟩</span> (inanimate subject)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(inanimate_subject)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quantifiers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quantifiers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Quantifiers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quantifiers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Syntax subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adjectives:_⟨-ʃo⟩" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives:_⟨-ʃo⟩"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Adjectives: <span>⟨-ʃo⟩</span></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives:_⟨-ʃo⟩-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adjectives:_Color_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives:_Color_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Adjectives: Color forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives:_Color_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adjectives:_Non-verbal_nouns_without_⟨-ʃo⟩_attached" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adjectives:_Non-verbal_nouns_without_⟨-ʃo⟩_attached"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Adjectives: Non-verbal nouns without <span>⟨-ʃo⟩</span> attached</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adjectives:_Non-verbal_nouns_without_⟨-ʃo⟩_attached-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Particles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Particles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Particles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Particles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Postpositional_particles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postpositional_particles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Postpositional particles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postpositional_particles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-My_stomach_v.s._your_stomach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#My_stomach_v.s._your_stomach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>My stomach v.s. your stomach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-My_stomach_v.s._your_stomach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order:_Subject-object-verb" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order:_Subject-object-verb"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Order: Subject-object-verb</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order:_Subject-object-verb-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vocabulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vocabulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vocabulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vocabulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Language structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Numerals_(Devanagari)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Numerals_(Devanagari)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Numerals (Devanagari)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Numerals_(Devanagari)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सुरेल भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="सुरेल भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounwareg" title="Sounwareg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sounwareg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwar_(Sprache)" title="Sunwar (Sprache) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sunwar (Sprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwar" title="Sunwar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sunwar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunwarish" title="Sunwarish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Sunwarish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisunwar" title="Kisunwar – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kisunwar" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सुनुवार भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="सुनुवार भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सुनुवार भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुनुवार भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8C%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E8%AA%9E" title="スヌワール語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スヌワール語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Sunwar" title="Lenga Sunwar – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Sunwar" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_sunwar" title="Língua sunwar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua sunwar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาสุนุวาร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาสุนุวาร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Сунвар (мова) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сунвар (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q56549#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sunwar_language" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Kiranti language of Nepal and India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: salmon;">Sunuwar</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: salmon;"><span title="Sunwar-language text"><span lang="suz">सुनुवार, कोइँच, किराँती-कोइँच, मुखिया</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:0;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:200px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:0;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shukla_Sunuwar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shukla_Sunuwar.svg/200px-Shukla_Sunuwar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shukla_Sunuwar.svg/300px-Shukla_Sunuwar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Shukla_Sunuwar.svg/400px-Shukla_Sunuwar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1916" data-file-height="849" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:0;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg/200px-Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg/300px-Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg/400px-Shukla_Sunuwar_II.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="513" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:0;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg/200px-Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg/300px-Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg/400px-Shukla_Sunuwar_III.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="484" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding:0.35em 0.35em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em;">'Kõica' in Jenticha script; 'Sunuwar' in Tikamuli and Devanagari script</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>;<br /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_people" title="Sunuwar people">Sunuwar</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">37,898 (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman language">Tibeto-Burman</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a> (?)<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Western<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Northwestern<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Sunuwar</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="plainlist"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Dialects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <ul><li>Surel</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunuwar script">Sunuwar</a> (Sikkim, India)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Tikamuli_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tikamuli script">Tikamuli</a> (2005)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Official status</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official language in</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> (additional)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: salmon;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/suz" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:suz">suz</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="/wiki/Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sunw1242">sunw1242</a></code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Endangered_Languages_Project" title="Endangered Languages Project">ELP</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5694">Sunwar</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="Namsewal.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Namsewal.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Namsewal.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Namsewal.ogg/Namsewal.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Sunwar greeting</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sunwar</b>, <b>Sunuwar</b>, or <b>Koinch</b> (<span title="Sunwar-language text"><span lang="suz">कोइँच</span></span>; <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="suz-Latn">kõich</i></span>; other spellings are Koinch and Koincha), is a <a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a> language of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> language family spoken in <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_people" title="Sunuwar people">Sunuwar people</a>. It was first comprehensively attested by the <a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Languages_Project" title="Himalayan Languages Project">Himalayan Languages Project</a>. It is also known as Kõits Lo (<span title="Sunwar-language text"><span lang="suz">कोइँच लो</span></span> ; <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="suz-Latn">kõica lo</i></span>), Kiranti-Kõits (<span title="Sunwar-language text"><span lang="suz">किराँती-कोइँच</span></span> ; <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="suz-Latn">kirā̃tī-kõich</i></span>), Mukhiya (<span title="Sunwar-language text"><span lang="suz">मुखिया</span></span> ; <span title="ISO transliteration"><i lang="suz-Latn">mukhiyā</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-OG-Sunuwar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-Sunuwar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borchers_1–2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers_1–2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sunwar language is one of the smaller members of the <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> language family. About 40,000 speakers are residing in eastern Nepal. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The language is commonly known as <i>Koic,</i> for many ethnic Sunwar and Sunwar speakers also refer to the language as “<i>Sunuwar, Koinch</i><sup id="cite_ref-OG-Sunwar_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-Sunwar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>, Koinch</i> or <i>Koincha</i> (कोइँच); <i>Kõits Lo</i> (कोइँच लो), <i>Kiranti-Kõits</i> (किराँती-कोइँच) or <i>Mukhiya</i> (मुखिया).” </p><p>Moreover, most Sunwar speakers have the surname (सुनुवार), <i>Sunuvār</i> in <a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg/317px-Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg" decoding="async" width="317" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg/476px-Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg/634px-Nepal-ethnic-groups-map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="783" /></a><figcaption>Small groups of Sunwar speakers located in Nepal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Likhu-khola.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Likhu-khola.JPG/220px-Likhu-khola.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Likhu-khola.JPG/330px-Likhu-khola.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Likhu-khola.JPG/440px-Likhu-khola.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Likhu Khola river</figcaption></figure> <p>The Sunuwar language is commonly spoken in a cluster of Sunuwar villages, located around the region of the core spoken language. These villages are scattered alongside the river banks of <a href="/wiki/Likhu_Khola" title="Likhu Khola">Likhu Khola</a>, in two bordering central-eastern districts of Nepal, distant from the main Nepalese road system:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Okhaldhunga_District" title="Okhaldhunga District">Okhaldhū۠ngā District</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province" title="Koshi Province">Koshi Province</a>), around the village of Vacul; and in the <a href="/wiki/Ramechhap_District" title="Ramechhap District">Rāmechāp District</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Bagmati_Province" title="Bagmati Province">Bagmati Province</a>), around the villages of <a href="/wiki/Paharilotar" title="Paharilotar">Pahare</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Kubukasthali" title="Kubukasthali">Kũbhu Kãsthālī</a> for a smaller group of Sunwar speakers. The majority of the Sunwar speakers live on the southern border area of this region, between the villages of Pahare and Vacul. </p><p>Located 1,800 meters above sea level, their fields aren’t all fallow from year round cultivation<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Borchers, 2008). Therefore, many Sunwar households are farmers, own a small lot of land and livestock. Moreover, each village often visits their neighboring village markets to purchase inaccessible goods such as spices, sugar, tea, and salt. In the winter, they experience no snow but freezing temperatures. In warmer weather, they experience a lot of rainfall, in the summer, monsoon rainfall. Especially between June and August, it is when they experience the most rain, more so monsoon rainfall. </p><p>According to Borchers, there are other villages located outside of the core region. The Surel are claimed to be Sunwar speakers however there are no certainties that it is true. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Written_language">Written language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Written language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar alphabet</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sunuwar_(or_Koĩts)_native_alphabet_in_Nepal_&_Sikkim,_India"><span id="Sunuwar_.28or_Ko.C4.A9ts.29_native_alphabet_in_Nepal_.26_Sikkim.2C_India"></span><span class="anchor" id="Sunuwar-script"></span> Sunuwar (or Koĩts) native alphabet in Nepal & Sikkim, India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sunuwar (or Koĩts) native alphabet in Nepal & Sikkim, India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunuwar speakers from Nepal and <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, northeastern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, use the Sunuwar alphabet (<a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a> script code: <kbd>Sunu</kbd>) for printed materials such as newspapers and literature. The alphabet, also known as Sunuwar alphabet, Sunuwar Lipi, Koĩts Lipi, was promoted in 1932 by Karna Bahadur Sunuwar (1926-1991), and got official recognition in Sikkim and Eastern Nepal where it is taught in schools. The Sunuwar script, is unrelated to any other scripts (even if some letter shapes have some resemblance to Latin and Limbu letter forms with similar phonetic value), and behaves like an alphabet with 35 base letters, written left-to-right, with syllabic features, extended with combining diacritics. The script also features its own set of decimal digits. </p><p>Unlike other Indic scripts derived from Brahmic, the Sunuwar alphabet includes no combining vowel signs: the script was initially a pure alphabet and the base consonants initially did not have any inherent vowel. But a second version of the script modified the orthographic rules to imply its presence, where the inherent vowel would be altered when appending any independent vowel letters, or suppressed by using a virama (or halant) sign in some consonant clusters or for consonants in final position of syllables. The independent letter form for the inherent vowel is now removed in most cases from the normal orthography in the middle of words, only used in isolation (i.e. no longer written when following a leading consonant, unless it is at end of words). A number of glyphic forms (conjuncts using consonants in half forms) were added to the script after this orthographic change for more easily writing consonant clusters, instead of writing multiple consonants with virama signs.<sup id="cite_ref-OG-Sunuwar_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-Sunuwar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Devanagari-based_abugida_for_the_Sunwar_language_in_Nepal">Devanagari-based abugida for the Sunwar language in Nepal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Devanagari-based abugida for the Sunwar language in Nepal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although Sunwar has no traditional written language in Nepal, most literate speakers use the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> abugida,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OG-Sunwar_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-Sunwar-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also used for writing <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Independent vowels and diphthongs</dt></dl> <table> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">अ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">आ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">इ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">उ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ए</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ओ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>a </td> <td>ā </td> <td>i </td> <td>u </td> <td>e </td> <td>o </td></tr> <tr> <td>[ə] </td> <td>[aː] </td> <td>[i] </td> <td>[u] </td> <td>[e] </td> <td>[o] </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ऐ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">औ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">एउ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">उइ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ओइ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ai </td> <td>au </td> <td>eu </td> <td>ui </td> <td>oi </td></tr> <tr> <td>[ai] </td> <td>[au] </td> <td>[eu] </td> <td>[ui] </td> <td>[oi] </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Consonants with inherent vowel</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_ka" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari ka">क</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96" class="mw-redirect" title="ख">ख</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="ग">ग</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="ङ">ङ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">अ्</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="च">च</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ज</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ट</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ठ</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ka </td> <td>kha </td> <td>ga </td> <td>nga </td> <td>’ </td> <td>ca </td> <td>ja </td> <td>ṭa </td> <td>ṭha </td></tr> <tr> <td>[kə] </td> <td>[kʰə] </td> <td>[ɡə] </td> <td>[ŋə] </td> <td>[ʔ] </td> <td>[t͡ʃə] </td> <td>[d͡ʒə] </td> <td>[ʈə] </td> <td>[ʈʰə] </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">त</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">थ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">द/ड</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">न/ण</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">प</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">फ</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ब</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">म</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">य</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ta </td> <td>tha </td> <td>da </td> <td>na </td> <td>pa </td> <td>pha </td> <td>ba </td> <td>ma </td> <td>ya </td></tr> <tr> <td>[tə] </td> <td>[tʰə] </td> <td>[də] </td> <td>[nə] </td> <td>[pə] </td> <td>[pʰə] </td> <td>[bə] </td> <td>[mə] </td> <td>[jə] </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">र</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ल</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">व</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">श</a>/<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ष</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">स</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ह</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">व्ही</a>/<a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">ह्व</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ra </td> <td>la </td> <td>va </td> <td>sha </td> <td>sa </td> <td>ha </td> <td>hha </td></tr> <tr> <td>[rə] </td> <td>[lə] </td> <td>[və] </td> <td>[ʃə] </td> <td>[sə] </td> <td>[hə] </td> <td>[ɦə] </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Combining diacritics</dt> <dd>The sign <b>्</b>, known in Sunwar as <i>sangmilu</i>, represents a <a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a> or halant; it is used to silent the inherent <a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">vowel</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>The sign <b>ँ</b>, known in Sunwar as <i>taslathenk</i>, corresponds to the <a href="/wiki/Candrabindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Candrabindu">candrabindu</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a>; it is used to nasalize the vowel.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><b><big>्</big></b> </td> <td><b><big>ँ</big></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>sangmilu</i> (virama or halant) </td> <td><i>taslathenk</i> (cadrabindu) </td></tr> <tr> <td>mutes the inherent vowel </td> <td>indicates nasalization of the vowel </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tikamuli_native_abugida_(since_2005)"><span id="Tikamuli_native_abugida_.28since_2005.29"></span>Tikamuli native abugida (since 2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tikamuli native abugida (since 2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, another syllabic alphabet or abugida was developed for Sunuwar; it is known as Tikamuli.<sup id="cite_ref-OG-Tikamuli_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OG-Tikamuli-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunwar <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> is significantly influenced by the language of <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consonants">Consonants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Consonants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sunwar language has a mid-sized arrangement of thirty-two <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phonemes</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨m⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨n⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ṅ⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiceless</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨p⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless dental plosive">t̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨t⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ṭ⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨c⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨k⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ʔ⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">aspirated</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">pʰ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ph⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">t̪ʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨th⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">ʈʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ṭh⟩</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">cʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ch⟩</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">kʰ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨kh⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">voiced</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨b⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental plosive">d̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨d⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ḍ⟩</span>) </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨j⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨g⟩</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">breathy</span> </th> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">bʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨bh⟩</span>) </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">d̪ʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨dh⟩</span>) </td> <td> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɖʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ḍh⟩</span>) </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɟʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨jh⟩</span>) </td> <td>(<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Breathy_voice" title="Breathy voice">ɡʱ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨gh⟩</span>) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">implosive</span> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ɓ⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">sibilant</span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨s⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨ʃ⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span style="font-size:85%;">plain</span> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative">ç</a></span>] </td> <td>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span>] </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨h⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">wʱ</span> <span class="nowrap">⟨w⟩</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced dental lateral approximant">l̪</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨l⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td>[<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span>] </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Tap consonant">Tap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> <span class="nowrap">⟨r⟩</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Sound in parentheses only are heard in words borrowed from Nepali. Sounds in brackets are only heard as allophones.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The implosive sound [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span>] was heard phonemically until recently among dialects. It is now heard as a plosive [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span>] in the village of Saipu, and as an approximant [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>] in the village of Kũbhu. It is only heard rarely in word-initial position among the speakers of Saipu.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vowels">Vowels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Vowels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are eleven vowel phonemes in Sunwar: </p><p><span class="nowrap">⟨a⟩</span> [a~ɑ], /ā / [aː], /e/ [e~ɛ], /i/ [i], /o/ [o], /u/ [u], / ū/ [uː~y], /ã/ [ã~ɑ̃], /ã̄/ [ãː], /ẽ/ [ẽ~ɛ̃], /ĩ/ [ĩ] </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/High_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="High vowel">High</a> </th> <td>/i/ [i], /ū/ [y]<br /> /ĩ/ [ĩ] </td> <td> </td> <td>/ū/ [uː~y], /u/ [u] <br /> (ũ) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td>/e/ [e~ɛ]<br /> /ẽ/ [ẽ~ɛ̃] </td> <td> </td> <td>/o/ [o] <br /> (õ) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Low_vowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vowel">Low</a> </th> <td> </td> <td>/a/ [a~ɑ], /ā / [aː]<br /> /ã/ [ã~ɑ̃], /ã̄/ [ãː] </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Vowels with bar - Represents long vowels</li> <li>Vowels with tilde -  Represents short nasalized vowels</li> <li>Vowels with bar and tilde - Represents long and nasalized vowels</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diphthongs">Diphthongs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diphthongs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a total of eight <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a> in Sunwar: /ai/ [aɪ], /aĩ/ [aɪ̃], /au/ [au], /eu/ [eu], /oi/ [oi], /oĩ/ [oĩ], /ui/ [ui], /uĩ/ [uĩ] </p><p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a principled way to distinguish diphthongs from a sequence of two <a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">monophthongs</a> does not exist in the Sunwar language. </p><p>As exemplified by Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this table consists of examples of contrasts between <a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">diphthongs</a>: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td>/joi/ </td> <td>[ɟoi] </td> <td>‘tiger’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/joĩ/ </td> <td>[ɟoĩ] </td> <td>‘younger sister’s husband’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/muicā/ </td> <td>[muicaː] </td> <td>‘wear shoes’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/puĩcā/ </td> <td>[puĩcaː] </td> <td>‘ask for, beg’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/goi/ </td> <td>[ɡoi] </td> <td>‘you’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/gui/ </td> <td>[ɡui] </td> <td>‘hand’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/reu/ </td> <td>[ɾeu] </td> <td>‘rain’ </td></tr> <tr> <td>/roi/ </td> <td>[ɾoi] </td> <td>‘ill’ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllable_structure">Syllable structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Syllable structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Syllable Structure of Sunwar: C(C)V(V)(C)(C) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphology">Morphology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Morphology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Markers">Markers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Markers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Case-marking_suffixes">Case-marking suffixes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Case-marking suffixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> “all <a href="/wiki/Case_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Case marker">case markers</a> in the Sunwar language are <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a>.” </p><p>As exemplified by Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this table consists of the noun case markers. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">Morpheme</a>: </th> <th>Gloss: </th> <th>Marks: </th> <th>Occurs suffixed to denotions of: </th></tr> <tr> <td>-mī ~   <p>-amī ~-ī </p><p>m ~ -m </p> </td> <td>INS/L   <p>OC </p> </td> <td>agents, instruments, locations </td> <td>persons, <p>things, </p><p>locations </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-kali ~   <p>-kal </p> </td> <td>OBJ </td> <td>patients </td> <td>persons, <p>animals </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ke </td> <td>POSS </td> <td>possessions of animate beings </td> <td>persons, <p>animals </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-ṅā </td> <td>GEN </td> <td>belongings of inanimate items        </td> <td>things, <p>locations </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-lā/-le </td> <td>FROM </td> <td>place of departure of persons or items that changed places (ABL); time of begin of action </td> <td>locations, <p>time </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-re </td> <td>FROM </td> <td>place of departure of persons or items that changed places (ABL); time of begin of action </td> <td>locations, <p>time </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>-au </td> <td>VOC </td> <td>name of person called </td> <td>persons </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dual_marker">Dual marker</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Dual marker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A dual marker can be associated with dual/pair or the cardinal number ‘two’.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">Morpheme</a>: </td> <td><span class="nowrap">⟨-niʃi⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gloss: </td> <td>Dual (DU) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Example of dual marker by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">iciṅā</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Now</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">āl.<b>niʃi</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">child.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="dual number" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">DU</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">chan</p><p style="margin: 0px;">exist-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3P</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">iciṅā āl.<b>niʃi</b> chan</p><p style="display: none;">Now child.<b>DU</b> exist-NPT.3P</p><p style="clear: left;">Now I have two children.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Plural_marker">Plural marker</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Plural marker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Sunwar language, both <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pronoun" title="Pronoun">pronouns</a> can be marked as dual or plural. </p><p>In addition items in a group can be marked plural.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">Morpheme</a>: </td> <td><span class="nowrap">⟨-paki ~ -puki ~ -piki⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gloss: </td> <td>Plural (PL) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples of the plural marker used to point at items in a group by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pujā</p><p style="margin: 0px;">worship</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dum</p><p style="margin: 0px;">happen</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pachi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">after</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">rãga</p><p style="margin: 0px;">buffalo</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">po.<b>paki</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">pig.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="plural number" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PL</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sai.ni.mī</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kill.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second and third person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">23D</abbr>/-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="patient (of transitive verb)">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3P</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="singular intransitive verb" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SVI</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">pujā dum pachi rãga po.<b>paki</b> sai.ni.mī</p><p style="display: none;">worship happen after buffalo pig.<b>PL</b> kill.NPT-23D/-P.3P/SVI</p><p style="clear: left;">After worship, they kill the buffalo, pig and so on.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sāg.<b>paki</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">sāg.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="plural number" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PL</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">acā.<b>paki</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">pickle.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="plural number" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PL</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ho.ʃa.ṅāmin</p><p style="margin: 0px;">keep.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="perfective gerund marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PF</abbr>.then</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ʃam</p><p style="margin: 0px;">beer</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">cai</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="postposition of singularity" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SNG</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">thupro</p><p style="margin: 0px;">much</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dum.ba</p><p style="margin: 0px;">happen.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">thupro</p><p style="margin: 0px;">much</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tu.ni.miิ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">drink.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second and third person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">23D</abbr>/-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="patient (of transitive verb)">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3P</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="singular intransitive verb" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SVI</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">sāg.<b>paki</b> acā.<b>paki</b> ho.ʃa.ṅāmin ʃam cai thupro dum.ba thupro tu.ni.miิ</p><p style="display: none;">sāg.<b>PL</b> pickle.<b>PL</b> keep.PF.then beer SNG much happen.NPT+3S much drink.NPT-23D/-P.3P/SVI</p><p style="clear: left;">Having stored away sāg (green leafy vegetable) and so on and pickle and so on and, there has to be much beer, they drink a lot.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Absent_marker">Absent marker</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Absent marker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Sunwar language does not have a zero morpheme, but it can still indicate the number amount of something through verbal agreement markers or numerals. </p><p>Example of the absent marker by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">go</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">khame</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rice</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jāʔi.na.sku</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1D</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1D</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">go khame jāʔi.na.sku</p><p style="display: none;">I rice eat.NPT-1D.1D</p><p style="clear: left;">Wed eat rice.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suffixes">Suffixes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Suffixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(Animate_Agent)"><span id="Possessive_suffix:_.E2.9F.A8-ke.E2.9F.A9_.28Animate_Agent.29"></span>Possessive suffix: <span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> (Animate Agent)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Possessive suffix: ⟨-ke⟩ (Animate Agent)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the possessive <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> is attached to a human or animate agent to indicate a possessive relationship. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">Morpheme</a>: </td> <td><span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gloss: </td> <td>Possessive (POSS) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples of the possessive <span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nāso.<b>ke</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">priest.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dui.ta</p><p style="margin: 0px;">two.piece</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dhol</p><p style="margin: 0px;">drum</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bā.ba</p><p style="margin: 0px;">stay.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">dhanu.kan</p><p style="margin: 0px;">bow.arrow</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nāso.<b>ke</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">priest.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bā.ba</p><p style="margin: 0px;">stay.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">nāso.<b>ke</b> dui.ta dhol bā.ba dhanu.kan nāso.<b>ke</b> bā.ba</p><p style="display: none;">priest.<b>POSS</b> two.piece drum stay.NPT+3S bow.arrow priest.<b>POSS</b> stay.NPT+3S</p><p style="clear: left;">The priest has two drums. The priest has bow and arrow.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ne</p><p style="margin: 0px;">nose</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ʃo.<b>ke</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">face.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bhāg</p><p style="margin: 0px;">part</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ho</p><p style="margin: 0px;">be-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">ne ʃo.<b>ke</b> bhāg ho</p><p style="display: none;">nose face.<b>POSS</b> part be-NPT.3S</p><p style="clear: left;">The nose is part of the face.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Possessive_suffix:_⟨-ke⟩_(inanimate_subject)"><span id="Possessive_suffix:_.E2.9F.A8-ke.E2.9F.A9_.28inanimate_subject.29"></span>Possessive suffix: <span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> (inanimate subject)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Possessive suffix: ⟨-ke⟩ (inanimate subject)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inanimate subjects are marked with the possessive <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a> <span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> to indicate what it is "made of". Example of possessive <span class="nowrap">⟨-ke⟩</span> indicating what it is "made of" by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jasi.<b>ke</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jasi.<b><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bā.b</p><p style="margin: 0px;">stay.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">meko</p><p style="margin: 0px;">that</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jasi</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Jasi</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ā.kilā</p><p style="margin: 0px;">its.peg</p></div><p style="display: none;">jasi.<b>ke</b> bā.b meko jasi ā.kilā</p><p style="display: none;">Jasi.<b>POSS</b> stay.NPT+3S that Jasi its.peg</p><p style="clear: left;">It is made of Jasi wood. This is a peg made of Jasi wood. (Jasi is the tree Bauhinia variegata)</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Quantifiers">Quantifiers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Quantifiers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quantifiers in the Sunwar language are loaned from Nepali. Quantifiers are used for amounts or masses.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As exemplified by Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this table consists of quantifiers; including some that are loaned from Nepali. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>From: </th> <th>Translation: </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>aic </td> <td>small </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>sappa </td> <td>very much </td> <td>[<Nep. besarī ‘very   much’] </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʃuʃi </td> <td>many, very, much </td> <td>[<Nep. dherai] </td></tr> <tr> <td>sappa pan </td> <td>very </td> <td>[<Nep. ekdam] </td></tr> <tr> <td>ici oci </td> <td>a little </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>imci </td> <td>some, a bit </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>la: </td> <td>only </td> <td>[<Nep. mātra] </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʃūʃ ʃūs </td> <td>much, very, expensive </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>oci </td> <td>some, little </td> <td>[<Nep. thorai] </td></tr> <tr> <td>i:ʃika </td> <td>much, a lot </td> <td>[<Nep. thupro] </td></tr> <tr> <td>umcili </td> <td>small </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples of <a href="/wiki/Quantifiers_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantifiers (linguistics)">quantifiers</a> that indicate amounts or masses by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">go</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ʃūʃ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">much</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ma.jai.nu.ṅ</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="negation/negative" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NEG</abbr>.eat.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1S</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1S</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">go ʃūʃ ma.jai.nu.ṅ</p><p style="display: none;">I much NEG.eat.NPT+1S.1S</p><p style="clear: left;">I don’t eat much.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">disā</p><p style="margin: 0px;">tomorrow</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">matrei</p><p style="margin: 0px;">only</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">tui.nu.ṅ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">know.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1S</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1S</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">disā matrei tui.nu.ṅ</p><p style="display: none;">tomorrow only know.NPT+1S.1S</p><p style="clear: left;">I won’t know until tomorrow.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adjectives:_⟨-ʃo⟩"><span id="Adjectives:_.E2.9F.A8-.CA.83o.E2.9F.A9"></span>Adjectives: <span class="nowrap">⟨-ʃo⟩</span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Adjectives: ⟨-ʃo⟩"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers,<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a> can belong to the verbal noun form, with an attached <span class="nowrap">⟨ʃo⟩</span>. In the Sunwar language, some <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a> are borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adjectives:_Color_forms">Adjectives: Color forms</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Adjectives: Color forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Borchers also notes that <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a> can belong to the form/term color.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As exemplified by Borchers, this table consists of the color form/terms.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Form: </th> <th>Translation: </th></tr> <tr> <td>jirjir </td> <td>colorful </td></tr> <tr> <td>giิk </td> <td>light green, light blue </td></tr> <tr> <td>nilo </td> <td>dark blue [<Nep. nilo] </td></tr> <tr> <td>buʃ </td> <td>white </td></tr> <tr> <td>kher </td> <td>black </td></tr> <tr> <td>lal </td> <td>red </td></tr> <tr> <td>ojela </td> <td>brilliant </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adjectives:_Non-verbal_nouns_without_⟨-ʃo⟩_attached"><span id="Adjectives:_Non-verbal_nouns_without_.E2.9F.A8-.CA.83o.E2.9F.A9_attached"></span>Adjectives: Non-verbal nouns without <span class="nowrap">⟨-ʃo⟩</span> attached</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Adjectives: Non-verbal nouns without ⟨-ʃo⟩ attached"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Sunwar language has a category for <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjectives</a> under the form ‘others’, that are not <a href="/wiki/Verbal_noun" title="Verbal noun">verbal nouns</a>. In addition, some adjectives may be interchangeable as an <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As exemplified by Borchers, this table consists of the adjectives that are not verbal nouns ending in <span class="nowrap">⟨-ʃo⟩</span> form/terms.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Form: </th> <th>Translation: </th></tr> <tr> <td>umcili/ici </td> <td>small, little </td></tr> <tr> <td>ʃūʃ </td> <td>much, many, very, expensive </td></tr> <tr> <td>theb </td> <td>big, great (idea, thing) </td></tr> <tr> <td>wan </td> <td>far </td></tr> <tr> <td>netha </td> <td>near </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Examples of adjectives that are not <a href="/wiki/Verbal_noun" title="Verbal noun">verbal nouns</a> ending in <span class="nowrap">⟨-ʃo⟩</span> by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ɓak</p><p style="margin: 0px;">water</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">besā.n</p><p style="margin: 0px;">very-much.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="reinforcement marker" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">REIN</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><b>wan</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b>far</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">cha</p><p style="margin: 0px;">exist-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">ɓak besā.n <b>wan</b> cha</p><p style="display: none;">water very-much.REIN <b>far</b> exist-NPT.3S</p><p style="clear: left;">Water is far away.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">go</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><b>umcili</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b>small</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">thiẽ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">exist-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="patient trigger" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PT</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1S</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bara</p><p style="margin: 0px;">twelve</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bars.ṅā</p><p style="margin: 0px;">year.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="genitive case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">GEN</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">go <b>umcili</b> thiẽ bara bars.ṅā</p><p style="display: none;">I <b>small</b> exist-PT.1S twelve year.GEN</p><p style="clear: left;">I was small, twelve years old.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">nepāli.puki</p><p style="margin: 0px;">Nepali.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="plural number" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PL</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;"><b>ʃūʃ</b></p><p style="margin: 0px;"><b>very</b></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">choto</p><p style="margin: 0px;">small</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">bā.ni.m</p><p style="margin: 0px;">stay.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second and third person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">23D</abbr>/-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="patient (of transitive verb)">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3P</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="singular intransitive verb" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">SVI</abbr></p></div><p style="display: none;">nepāli.puki <b>ʃūʃ</b> choto bā.ni.m</p><p style="display: none;">Nepali.PL <b>very</b> small stay.NPT-23D/-P.3P/SVI</p><p style="clear: left;">Nepalese people are very small.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Particles">Particles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Particles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As exemplified by Borchers, this table consists of <a href="/wiki/Particle_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Particle (linguistics)">particles</a> in correlation to various relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Conjunction: </th> <th>Translation: </th></tr> <tr> <td>de </td> <td>or </td></tr> <tr> <td>hana </td> <td>if </td></tr> <tr> <td>ṅana </td> <td>if </td></tr> <tr> <td>dopā </td> <td>that </td></tr> <tr> <td>meklāpāṅāmin   </td> <td>and then </td></tr> <tr> <td>pāṅāmin   </td> <td>and then </td></tr> <tr> <td>minu <span class="nowrap">⟨-nu⟩</span> </td> <td>and then </td></tr> <tr> <td>mapatke </td> <td>because of </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postpositional_particles">Postpositional particles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Postpositional particles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Borchers, the Sunwar language borrows particles from Nepali that indicate the relationship between clauses.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of postpositional <a href="/wiki/Particle_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Particle (linguistics)">particles</a> by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Postpotion: </th> <th>Gloss: </th></tr> <tr> <td><lā> </td> <td>‘only’ </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">⟨-bhandā⟩</span>: A comparison. </td> <td>‘than’ </td></tr> <tr> <td><cai>: Singling out or can be seen as “exactly this one”. </td> <td>SNG </td></tr> <tr> <td><yo>: Inclusive focus. </td> <td>‘also’ </td></tr> <tr> <td><kõ>: A tag on questions asking for affirmation or negation of a statement. </td> <td>OR </td></tr> <tr> <td><da ~ ta>: Sunwar focus marker </td> <td>IFOC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="My_stomach_v.s._your_stomach">My stomach v.s. your stomach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: My stomach v.s. your stomach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Example by Borchers:<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">iิ</p><p style="margin: 0px;">your</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">koʔj</p><p style="margin: 0px;">stomach</p></div><p style="display: none;">iิ koʔj</p><p style="display: none;">your stomach</p><p style="clear: left;">your stomach</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">ā</p><p style="margin: 0px;">my</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">koʔj</p><p style="margin: 0px;">stomach</p></div><p style="display: none;">ā koʔj</p><p style="display: none;">my stomach</p><p style="clear: left;">my stomach</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order:_Subject-object-verb">Order: Subject-object-verb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Order: Subject-object-verb"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of order: <a href="/wiki/Subject%E2%80%93object%E2%80%93verb" class="mw-redirect" title="Subject–object–verb">Subject</a>/<a href="/wiki/Object_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Object (linguistics)">Object</a>/<a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">Verb</a> by Borchers.<sup id="cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">kuṣulanoʔbam.mī</p><p style="margin: 0px;">shoemaker.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="instrument(al)" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INS</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="locative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LOC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pani</p><p style="margin: 0px;">shoes</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pher.ni.m</p><p style="margin: 0px;">sew.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="second and third person, dual" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">23D</abbr>/-<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="patient (of transitive verb)">P</abbr>.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, plural" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3P</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">kuṣulanoʔbam.mī pani pher.ni.m</p><p style="display: none;">shoemaker.INS/LOC shoes sew.NPT-23D/-P.3P</p><p style="display: none;">subject object verb</p><p style="clear: left;">Shoemakers make shoes.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Kocombo.mī</p><p style="margin: 0px;">mongoose.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="instrument(al)" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">INS</abbr>/<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="locative case" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">LOC</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">buʔs</p><p style="margin: 0px;">snake</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sāʔī.b</p><p style="margin: 0px;">kill.<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="non-preterite" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">NPT</abbr>+<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3S</abbr></p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Kocombo.mī buʔs sāʔī.b</p><p style="display: none;">mongoose.INS/LOC snake kill.NPT+3S</p><p style="display: none;">subject object verb</p><p style="clear: left;">The mongoose kills a snake.</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seu+wa+la (Sewala) </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sunwar</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Namsewal</i></i></span></td> <td>Hello / Good Bye </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Sew</i></i></span></td> <td>(Respect) / (Greeting) / I bow to you </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Maahr</i></i></span></td> <td>What </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Dohpachaa</i></i></span></td> <td>How to </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Dohshow</i></i></span></td> <td>How much </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Dohmoh</i></i></span></td> <td>How big </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Go</i></i></span></td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Gopuki</i></i></span></td> <td>We are </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Ge</i></i></span></td> <td>You (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Gepukhi</i></i></span></td> <td>You are (informal) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Goi</i></i></span></td> <td>we (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>GoiPuki</i></i></span></td> <td>we are (formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Daarshow</i></i></span></td> <td>Beautiful </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>Rimso</i></i></span></td> <td>Good </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn"><i>MaDarshow</i></i></span></td> <td>Ugly </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_structure">Language structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Language structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_typology" title="Linguistic typology">linguistic typology</a>, a <b>subject+object+verb</b> (<b>SOV</b>) language is one in which the <a href="/wiki/Subject_(grammar)" title="Subject (grammar)">subject</a>, <a href="/wiki/Object_(grammar)" title="Object (grammar)">object</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a> of a sentence always or usually appear in that order. If <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> were SOV, "Sam oranges ate" would be an ordinary sentence, as opposed to the actual <a href="/wiki/Standard_English" title="Standard English">Standard English</a> "Sam ate oranges". (A Grammar of Sunwar) <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1209690778"><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">Go</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">subject</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">khamay</p><p style="margin: 0px;">rice</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">object</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="suz" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">jainu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">eat</p><p style="margin: 0px;font-variant: small-caps;">verb</p></div><p style="display: none;">Go khamay jainu</p><p style="display: none;">I rice eat</p><p style="display: none;">subject object verb</p><p style="clear: left;">"I eat rice."</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <p>Sunwar people called "Khangsa" sign language with voice and direct action, for foreign people who don't understand a sunuwar language.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borchers_1–2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borchers_1–2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Numerals_(Devanagari)"><span id="Numerals_.28Devanagari.29"></span>Numerals (Devanagari)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Numerals (Devanagari)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>1 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ichi/kaa</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ni/nishi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>3 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sa/saam</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">le</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>5 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">nga</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">ruku/roku</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>7 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">chani</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">sasi</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">van</i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">gau</i></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf">2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OG-Sunuwar-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OG-Sunuwar_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OG-Sunuwar_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAger" class="citation web cs1">Ager, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omniglot.com/writing/sunuwar.htm">"Sunuwar alphabet"</a>. Omniglot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunuwar+alphabet&rft.pub=Omniglot&rft.aulast=Ager&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fsunuwar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borchers_1–2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers_1–2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers_1–2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchers2008" class="citation book cs1">Borchers, Dörte (2008). <i>A grammar of Sunwar: descriptive grammar, paradigms, texts and glossary</i> ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). Leiden: Brill. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16709-4"><bdi>978-90-04-16709-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+grammar+of+Sunwar%3A+descriptive+grammar%2C+paradigms%2C+texts+and+glossary&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=1-2&rft.edition=%5BOnline-Ausg.%5D.&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16709-4&rft.aulast=Borchers&rft.aufirst=D%C3%B6rte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OG-Sunwar-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OG-Sunwar_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OG-Sunwar_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAger" class="citation web cs1">Ager, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sunwar.htm">"Sunwar Language and Alphabet"</a>. Omniglot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunwar+Language+and+Alphabet&rft.pub=Omniglot&rft.aulast=Ager&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Fsunwar.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borchers-2008-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borchers-2008_5-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchers2008" class="citation book cs1">Borchers, Dörte (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AYA7CpILphoC"><i>A Grammar of Sunwar: Descriptive Grammar, Paradigms, Texts and Glossary</i></a>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-16709-4"><bdi>978-90-04-16709-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Sunwar%3A+Descriptive+Grammar%2C+Paradigms%2C+Texts+and+Glossary&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-16709-4&rft.aulast=Borchers&rft.aufirst=D%C3%B6rte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAYA7CpILphoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=script_detail&uid=ssw8skfwtg">"Jenticha"</a>. ScriptSource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jenticha&rft.pub=ScriptSource.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscriptsource.org%2Fcms%2Fscripts%2Fpage.php%3Fitem_id%3Dscript_detail%26uid%3Dssw8skfwtg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandey2011" class="citation web cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (31 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/L2/L2011/11218-n4028-jenticha.pdf">"Proposal to Encode the Jenticha Script in ISO/IEC 10646"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode&rft.atitle=Proposal+to+Encode+the+Jenticha+Script+in+ISO%2FIEC+10646&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2FL2%2FL2011%2F11218-n4028-jenticha.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OG-Tikamuli-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OG-Tikamuli_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAger" class="citation web cs1">Ager, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tikamuli.htm">"Tikamuli alphabet"</a>. Omniglot<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tikamuli+alphabet&rft.pub=Omniglot&rft.aulast=Ager&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fwriting%2Ftikamuli.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AYA7CpILphoC"><i>A Grammar of Sunwar</i></a>. Dörte Borchers. 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004167094" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004167094"><bdi>978-9004167094</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grammar+of+Sunwar&rft.pub=D%C3%B6rte+Borchers&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9004167094&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAYA7CpILphoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandey2011" class="citation web cs1">Pandey, Anshuman (31 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n4028.pdf">"Proposal to Encode the Jenticha Script in ISO/IEC 10646"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+Encode+the+Jenticha+Script+in+ISO%2FIEC+10646&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft.aulast=Pandey&rft.aufirst=Anshuman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstd.dkuug.dk%2Fjtc1%2Fsc2%2Fwg2%2Fdocs%2Fn4028.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASunwar+language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sunwar_language&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/32px-Incubator-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/48px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Incubator-logo.svg/64px-Incubator-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><i><b><a href="https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/suz" class="extiw" title="incubator:Wp/suz">Sunwar language test</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> at <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Incubator" class="extiw" title="meta:Wikimedia Incubator">Wikimedia Incubator</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunuwar.org">Sunwar language website</a></li></ul> <div style="display:none;"> <p>REIN: reinforcement marker NPT: non-preterite SNG: postposition of singularity PF: perfective gerund marker P: patient (of transitive verb) SVI: singular intransitive verb 23D: second and third person, dual </p> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Template talk:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan_branches" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sino-Tibetan branches"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sino-Tibetan_branches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> branches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/West_Himalayish_languages" title="West Himalayish languages">West Himalayish</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaric_languages" title="Newaric languages">Newaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baram%E2%80%93Thangmi_languages" title="Baram–Thangmi languages">Baram–Thangmi</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Magaric" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Magaric_languages" title="Greater Magaric languages">Greater Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepangic_languages" title="Chepangic languages">Chepangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji%E2%80%93Raute_languages" title="Raji–Raute languages">Raji–Raute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></i>–<i><a href="/wiki/Tandrange_language" title="Tandrange language">Tandrange</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages"><img alt="Map of Sino-Tibetan languages" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/200px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/300px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png/400px-Sino-Tibetan_Languages_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="2115" data-file-height="2792" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bodish_languages" title="Bodish languages">Bodish</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bodish_languages" title="East Bodish languages">East Bodish</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tshangla_language" title="Tshangla language">Tshangla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Basum_language" title="Basum language">Basum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam_language" title="Nam language">Nam</a></i>?</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gongduk_language" title="Gongduk language">Gongduk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%CA%BCOle_language" title="ʼOle language">ʼOle</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo_languages" title="Chamdo languages">Chamdo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> and Indo-<br />Burmese border</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mruic_languages" title="Mruic languages">Mruic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mru_language" title="Mru language">Mru</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anu-Hkongso_language" title="Anu-Hkongso language">Hkongso</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyu_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)">Pyu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taman_language_(Myanmar)" title="Taman language (Myanmar)">Taman</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Naga_languages" title="Naga languages">Naga</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami–Pochuri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhulic_languages" title="Tangkhulic languages">Tangkhulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_languages" title="Konyak languages">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpho%E2%80%93Luish_languages" title="Jingpho–Luish languages">Jingpho–Luish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bai_language" title="Bai language">Bai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tujia_language" title="Tujia language">Tujia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nungish_languages" title="Nungish languages">Nungish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Karenic_languages" title="Karenic languages">Karenic</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gong_language" title="Gong language">Gong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kathu_language" title="Kathu language">Kathu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%E2%80%93Long_languages" title="Cai–Long languages">Cai–Long</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Longjia_language" title="Longjia language">Longjia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luren_language" title="Luren language">Luren</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Burmo-Qiangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Burmo-Qiangic_languages" title="Burmo-Qiangic languages">Burmo-Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrongic_languages" title="Gyalrongic languages">Gyalrongic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersuic_languages" title="Ersuic languages">Ersuic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naic_languages" title="Naic languages">Naic</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mondzish_languages" title="Mondzish languages">Mondzish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmish_languages" title="Burmish languages">Burmish</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Loloish_languages" title="Loloish languages">Loloish</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Dubious</a> (possible<br /><a href="/wiki/Language_isolate" title="Language isolate">isolates</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Language_isolates_and_independent_language_families_in_Arunachal" class="mw-redirect" title="Language isolates and independent language families in Arunachal">Arunachal</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrusish_languages" title="Hrusish languages">Hrusish</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hruso_language" title="Hruso language">Hruso</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mijiic_languages" title="Mijiic languages">Mijiic</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kho-Bwa_languages" title="Kho-Bwa languages">Kho-Bwa</a></b> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puroik_language" title="Puroik language">Puroik</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miju_languages" title="Miju languages">Miju–Meyor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songlin_language" title="Songlin language">Songlin</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Greater_Siangic" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Siangic_languages" title="Greater Siangic languages">Greater Siangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siangic_languages" title="Siangic languages">Siangic</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koro_language_(India)" title="Koro language (India)">Koro</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digaro_languages" title="Digaro languages">Idu–Taraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Central Tibeto-Burman languages">Central Tibeto-Burman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin%E2%80%93Naga_languages" title="Kuki-Chin–Naga languages">Kuki-Chin–Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Bai_languages" title="Macro-Bai languages">Macro-Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rung_languages" title="Rung languages">Rung</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Kanauri_languages" title="Tibeto-Kanauri languages">Tibeto-Kanauri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-language" title="Proto-language">Proto-languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Sino-Tibetan_language" title="Proto-Sino-Tibetan language">Proto-Sino-Tibetan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Tibeto-Burman_language" title="Proto-Tibeto-Burman language">Proto-Tibeto-Burman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Loloish_language" title="Proto-Loloish language">Proto-Loloish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Karenic_language" title="Proto-Karenic language">Proto-Karenic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Min" title="Proto-Min">Proto-Min</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proto-Hakka" title="Proto-Hakka">Proto-Hakka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kiranti_languages" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kiranti_languages" title="Template:Kiranti languages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kiranti_languages" title="Template talk:Kiranti languages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kiranti_languages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kiranti languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kiranti_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limbu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thulung_language" title="Thulung language">Thulung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wambule_language" title="Wambule language">Wambule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerung_language" title="Jerung language">Jerung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaling_language" title="Khaling language">Khaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumi_language" title="Dumi language">Dumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koi_language" title="Koi language">Koi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahing_language" title="Bahing language">Bahing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu_language" title="Vayu language">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilung_language" title="Tilung language">Tilung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kulung_language_(Nepal)" title="Kulung language (Nepal)">Kulung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachhiring_language" title="Nachhiring language">Nachhiring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampang_language" title="Sampang language">Sampang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saam_language" title="Saam language">Saam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantawa_language" title="Bantawa language">Bantawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puma_language" title="Puma language">Puma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamling_language" title="Chamling language">Chamling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dungmali_language" title="Dungmali language">Dungmali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhare_language" title="Belhare language">Belhare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athpare_language" title="Athpare language">Athpare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintang_language" title="Chintang language">Chintang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulung_language" title="Chulung language">Chulung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamphu_language" title="Yamphu language">Yamphu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lohorung_language" title="Lohorung language">Lohorung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mewahang_language" title="Mewahang language">Mewahang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dhimalish_languages" title="Dhimalish languages">Dhimalish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toto_language" title="Toto language">Toto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhokpu_language" title="Lhokpu language">Lhokpu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>see also: <a href="/wiki/Mahakiranti_languages" title="Mahakiranti languages">Mahakiranti languages</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_India#Languages" title="Northeast India">Languages</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Arunachal_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal<br />Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_language" title="Apatani language">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bori_language" title="Bori language">Bori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallong_language" title="Gallong language">Gallong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangam_language" title="Tangam language">Tangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yano_language" title="Yano language">Yano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milang_language" title="Milang language">Milang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nefamese" title="Nefamese">Nefamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Assam" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haflong_Hindi" title="Haflong Hindi">Haflong Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_language" title="Saihriem language">Saihriem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barman_language" title="Barman language">Barman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachari_language" title="Kachari language">Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singpho_dialect" title="Singpho dialect">Singpho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_language" title="Tangsa language">Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turung_language" title="Turung language">Turung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_language" title="Tutsa language">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tani_languages" title="Tani languages">Tani</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Adi language">Adi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangni-Tagin_language" title="Bangni-Tagin language">Bangni-Tagin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokar_language" title="Bokar language">Bokar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Miri_dialect" title="Hill Miri dialect">Hill Miri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_language" title="Mising language">Mising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_dialect" title="Na dialect">Na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishi_language" title="Nishi language">Nishi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra-Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_language" title="Ahom language">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamti_language" title="Khamti language">Khamti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamyang_language" title="Khamyang language">Khamyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aiton_language" title="Aiton language">Tai Aiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Phake_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai Phake language">Tai Phake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Manipur" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal language">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_language" title="Hrangkhol language">Hrangkhol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_language_(India)" title="Kom language (India)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_language" title="Purum language">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_language" title="Simte language">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_language" title="Zou language">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_language" title="Monsang language">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Sakachep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbung_language" title="Sorbung language">Sorbung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_language" title="Tarao language">Tarao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoirao_language" title="Khoirao language">Khoirao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_language" title="Maram language">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puimei_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puimei language">Puimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairel_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairel language">Chairel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_language_(India)" title="Maring language (India)">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uipo_language" title="Uipo language">Uipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Meghalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki-Chin_languages" title="Kuki-Chin languages">Kuki-Chin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amri_language" title="Amri language">Amri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_language" title="Gangte language">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_language" title="Karbi language">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Khasic_languages" title="Khasic languages">Khasic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_language" title="Khasi language">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_language" title="Pnar language">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_language" title="War language">War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atong_language_(Sino-Tibetan)" title="Atong language (Sino-Tibetan)">Atong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Mizoram" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falam_language" title="Falam language">Falam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakha_Chin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hakha Chin language">Hakha Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_language" title="Hmar language">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_language" title="Mara language">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nga_La_language" title="Nga La language">Nga La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tedim_language" title="Tedim language">Tedim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zyphe_language" title="Zyphe language">Zyphe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nagaland" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-<br />Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Angami%E2%80%93Pochuri_languages" title="Angami–Pochuri languages">Angami-<br />Pochuri</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angami_language" title="Angami language">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chokri_language" title="Chokri language">Chokri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzhami_language" title="Kuzhami language">Kuzhami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_language" title="Moyon language">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntenyi_language" title="Ntenyi language">Ntenyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuri_language" title="Pochuri language">Pochuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_language" title="Rengma language">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumi language">Sema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopvoma_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sopvoma language">Sopvoma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ao_languages" title="Ao languages">Ao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ao_language" title="Ao language">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_language" title="Lotha language">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongsen_Ao_language" title="Mongsen Ao language">Mongsen Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_language" title="Sangtam language">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wui_language" title="Wui language">Wui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiungr%C3%BC_language" title="Yimkhiungrü language">Yimchungrü</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sal_languages" title="Sal languages">Sal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang_language" title="Chang language">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_language" title="Khiamniungan language">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_language" title="Konyak language">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_language" title="Nocte language">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_language" title="Phom language">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_language" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zemeic_languages" title="Zemeic languages">Zeme</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_language" title="Inpui language">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_language" title="Lamkang language">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mzieme_language" title="Mzieme language">Mzieme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_language" title="Rongmei language">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_language" title="Chiru language">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_language" title="Chothe language">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakachep_language" title="Sakachep language">Khelma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_language" title="Makury language">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamese_creole" title="Nagamese creole">Nagamese creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Sikkim" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunwar‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_language" title="Yolmo language">Yolmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Tripura" title="Languages of Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri language">Bishnupriya Manipuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylheti_language" title="Sylheti language">Sylheti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_language" title="Bawm language">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlong_language" title="Darlong language">Darlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_language" title="Mizo language">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_language" title="Paite language">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_language" title="Ralte language">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranglong_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranglong language">Ranglong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_language" title="Tangkhul language">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_language" title="Thadou language">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_language" title="Vaiphei language">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_language" title="Zeme language">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Languages_of_Nepal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Template:Languages of Nepal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Template talk:Languages of Nepal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Languages_of_Nepal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Languages of Nepal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Languages_of_Nepal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Nepal" title="Languages of Nepal">Languages of Nepal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/34px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nepal" title="Portal:Nepal">Nepal portal</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kiranti_languages" title="Kiranti languages">Kiranti</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahing_language" title="Bahing language">Bahing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantawa_language" title="Bantawa language">Bantawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belhare_language" title="Belhare language">Belhare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamling_language" title="Chamling language">Chamling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumi_language" title="Dumi language">Dumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_language" title="Limbu language">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampang_language" title="Sampang language">Sampang</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sunwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thulung_language" title="Thulung language">Thulung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu_language" title="Vayu language">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waling_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Waling language">Waling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakkha_language" title="Yakkha language">Yakkha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magaric_languages" title="Magaric languages">Magaric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhujel_language" title="Bhujel language">Bhujel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chepang_language" title="Chepang language">Chepang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura_language" title="Dura language">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kham_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kham language">Kham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magar_language" title="Magar language">Magar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tamangic_languages" title="Tamangic languages">Tamangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chantyal_language" title="Chantyal language">Chantyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_language" title="Gurung language">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manang_language" title="Manang language">Manang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamang_language" title="Tamang language">Tamang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetic_languages" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jirel_language" title="Jirel language">Jirel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagate_language" title="Kagate language">Kagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyirong_language" title="Kyirong language">Kyirong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugom_dialect" title="Mugom dialect">Mugomt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naapa_language" title="Naapa language">Naapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubri_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nubri (language)">Nubri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_language" title="Sherpa language">Sherpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolmo_language" title="Yolmo language">Yolmo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baram_language" title="Baram language">Baram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhimal_language" title="Dhimal language">Dhimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaike_language" title="Kaike language">Kaike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_language" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newar_language" title="Newar language">Newar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raji_language" title="Raji language">Raji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raute_language" title="Raute language">Raute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangmi_language" title="Thangmi language">Thangmi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angika_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Angika language">Angika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajjika" title="Bajjika">Bajjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danwar_language" title="Danwar language">Danwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doteli_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Doteli language">Doteli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumli_language" title="Jumli language">Jumli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhi_language" title="Majhi language">Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpuri_language" title="Rangpuri language">Rangpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tharu_languages" title="Tharu languages">Tharu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kochila_Tharu" title="Kochila Tharu">Kochila</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghandruk_Sign_Language" title="Ghandruk Sign Language">Ghandruk Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhankot_Sign_Language" title="Jhankot Sign Language">Jhankot Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumla_Sign_Language" title="Jumla Sign Language">Jumla Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maunabudhuk%E2%80%93Bodhe_Sign_Language" title="Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language">Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_Sign_Language" title="Nepali Sign Language">Nepali Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_English" title="Nepalese English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusunda_language" title="Kusunda language">Kusunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhwar_language" title="Majhwar language">Majhwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundari_language" title="Mundari language">Mundari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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