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id="toc-Area_and_borders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extreme_points" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extreme_points"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Extreme points</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extreme_points-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maritime_claims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_claims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Maritime claims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime_claims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Border disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maritime_border_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maritime_border_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Maritime border disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maritime_border_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_border_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_border_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>Land border disputes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_border_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Physical geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Physical geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Physical_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Topography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Adriatic_Basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adriatic_Basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Adriatic Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adriatic_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinaric_Alps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinaric_Alps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Dinaric Alps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinaric_Alps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pannonian_Basin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pannonian_Basin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Pannonian Basin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pannonian_Basin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Hydrography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Ecology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Land use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Human geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Human geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Human_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Political geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urbanisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urbanisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Urbanisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urbanisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Geography of Croatia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جغرافيا كرواتيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جغرافيا كرواتيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeograf%C3%ADa_de_Croacia" title="Xeografía de Croacia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xeografía de Croacia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="ক্রোয়েশিয়ার ভূগোল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রোয়েশিয়ার ভূগোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Геаграфія Харватыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Геаграфія Харватыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Геаграфія Харватыі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Геаграфія Харватыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="География на Хърватия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="География на Хърватия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija_Hrvatske" title="Geografija Hrvatske – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Geografija Hrvatske" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie_Chorvatska" title="Geografie Chorvatska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Geografie Chorvatska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geograf%C3%ADa_de_Croacia" title="Geografía de Croacia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Geografía de Croacia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="جغرافیای کرواسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جغرافیای کرواسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie_de_la_Croatie" title="Géographie de la Croatie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Géographie de la Croatie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Խորվաթիայի աշխարհագրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորվաթիայի աշխարհագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemljopis_Hrvatske" title="Zemljopis Hrvatske – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zemljopis Hrvatske" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_della_Croazia" title="Geografia della Croazia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Geografia della Croazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ხორვატიის გეოგრაფია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხორვატიის გეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatijos_geografija" title="Kroatijos geografija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kroatijos geografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horv%C3%A1torsz%C3%A1g_f%C3%B6ldrajza" title="Horvátország földrajza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Horvátország földrajza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Географија на Хрватска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Географија на Хрватска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografie_van_Kroati%C3%AB" title="Geografie van Kroatië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geografie van Kroatië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%81%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="クロアチアの地理 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロアチアの地理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatias_geografi" title="Kroatias geografi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kroatias geografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatisk_geografi" title="Kroatisk geografi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kroatisk geografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Chorwacji" title="Geografia Chorwacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Geografia Chorwacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_da_Cro%C3%A1cia" title="Geografia da Croácia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Geografia da Croácia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Croa%C8%9Biei" title="Geografia Croației – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Geografia Croației" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="География Хорватии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="География Хорватии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjeografia_e_Kroacis%C3%AB" title="Gjeografia e Kroacisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjeografia e Kroacisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografia_Chorv%C3%A1tska" title="Geografia Chorvátska – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Geografia Chorvátska" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija_Hrva%C5%A1ke" title="Geografija Hrvaške – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Geografija Hrvaške" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Географија Хрватске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Географија Хрватске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geografija_Hrvatske" title="Geografija Hrvatske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Geografija Hrvatske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatian_maantiede" title="Kroatian maantiede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kroatian maantiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatiens_geografi" title="Kroatiens geografi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kroatiens geografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan_co%C4%9Frafyas%C4%B1" title="Hırvatistan coğrafyası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hırvatistan coğrafyası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%97" title="Географія Хорватії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Географія Хорватії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="克羅埃西亞地理 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克羅埃西亞地理" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_8_30_N_16_13_45_E_region:HR_type:country_scale:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°8′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°13′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.14167°N 16.22917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.14167; 16.22917</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Geography of Croatia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Croatia_topo.jpg/260px-Croatia_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Croatia_topo.jpg/390px-Croatia_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Croatia_topo.jpg/520px-Croatia_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1078" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Continent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_8_30_N_16_13_45_E_region:HR_type:country_scale:500000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°8′30″N</span> <span class="longitude">16°13′45″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.14167°N 16.22917°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.14167; 16.22917</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">Ranked 127th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">56,594 km<sup>2</sup> (21,851 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">99%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coastline</th><td class="infobox-data">5,835.1 km (3,625.8 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders</th><td class="infobox-data">2,237 km (1,390 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dinara" title="Dinara">Dinara</a><br />1,831 m (6,007 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest river</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a><br />562 km (349 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest lake</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lake_Vrana_(Dalmatia)" title="Lake Vrana (Dalmatia)">Lake Vrana</a><br />30.7 km<sup>2</sup> (11.9 sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>geography of Croatia</b> is defined by its location—it is described as located at the crossroads of <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>, or within the wider region of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>. Croatia's territory covers 56,594 km<sup>2</sup> (21,851 sq mi), making it the 127th largest country in the world. Bordered by <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> in the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> in the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in the east, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> in the southeast and the Adriatic Sea in the south, it lies mostly between latitudes <a href="/wiki/42nd_parallel_north" title="42nd parallel north">42°</a> and <a href="/wiki/47th_parallel_north" title="47th parallel north">47° N</a> and longitudes <a href="/wiki/13th_meridian_east" title="13th meridian east">13°</a> and <a href="/wiki/20th_meridian_east" title="20th meridian east">20° E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a> encompass 18,981 square kilometres (7,329 sq mi) in a 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) wide zone, and its <a href="/wiki/Internal_waters" title="Internal waters">internal waters</a> located within the <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(sea)" title="Baseline (sea)">baseline</a> cover an additional 12,498 square kilometres (4,826 sq mi). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Pannonian Plain">Pannonian Plain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a>, along with the Adriatic Basin, represent major <a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">geomorphological</a> parts of Croatia. Lowlands make up the bulk of Croatia, with elevations of less than 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level recorded in 53.42% of the country. Most of the lowlands are found in the northern regions, especially in <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>, itself a part of the Pannonian Basin plain. The plains are interspersed with <a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">horst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">graben</a> structures, believed to have broken the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Sea" title="Pannonian Sea">Pannonian Sea</a>'s surface as <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_island_mountains" title="Pannonian island mountains">islands</a>. The greatest concentration of ground at relatively high elevations is found in the <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorski_Kotar" title="Gorski Kotar">Gorski Kotar</a> areas in the Dinaric Alps, but high areas are found in all regions of Croatia to some extent. The Dinaric Alps contain the highest mountain in Croatia—1,831-metre (6,007 ft) Dinara—as well as all other mountains in Croatia higher than 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). Croatia's Adriatic Sea mainland coast is 1,777.3 kilometres (1,104.4 mi) long, while its <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">1,246 islands</a> and islets encompass a further 4,058 kilometres (2,522 mi) of coastline—the most indented coastline in the Mediterranean. <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">Karst topography</a> makes up <a href="/wiki/List_of_notable_karst_areas#Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of notable karst areas">about half of Croatia</a> and is especially prominent in the Dinaric Alps, as well as throughout the coastal areas and the islands. </p><p>62% of Croatia's territory is encompassed by the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. The area includes the largest rivers flowing in the country: the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, Sava, <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mur_(river)" title="Mur (river)">Mur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kupa" title="Kupa">Kupa</a>. The remainder belongs to the Adriatic Sea drainage basin, where the largest river by far is the <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a>. Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. The mean monthly temperature ranges between −3 °C (27 °F) and 18 °C (64 °F). Croatia has a number of <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a> because of its climate and geomorphology, and the country is consequently among the most biodiverse in Europe. There are four types of <a href="/wiki/Biogeographical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biogeographical">biogeographical</a> regions in Croatia: Mediterranean along the coast and in its immediate hinterland; Alpine in the <a href="/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation" title="Altitudinal zonation">elevated</a> Lika and Gorski Kotar; Pannonian along the Drava and Danube; and Continental in the remaining areas. There are 444 <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Croatia">protected natural areas in Croatia</a>, encompassing 8.5% of the country; there are about 37,000 known species in Croatia, and the total number of species is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000. </p><p>The permanent population of Croatia by the 2011 census reached 4.29 million. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 75.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">life expectancy in Croatia</a> at birth was 75.7 years. The country is inhabited mostly by <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> (89.6%), while <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minorities in Croatia">minorities</a> include <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> (4.5%), and 21 other ethnicities (less than 1% each) recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">constitution</a>. Since the counties were re-established in 1992, Croatia is divided into 20 <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">counties</a> and the capital <a href="/wiki/City_of_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Zagreb">city of Zagreb</a>. The counties subdivide into 127 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Croatia">cities</a> and 429 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia" title="Municipalities of Croatia">municipalities</a>. The average <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a> rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with a growing urban population and shrinking rural population. The largest city and the nation's <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> is <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, with an urban population of 797,952 in the city itself and a <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> population of 978,161. The populations of <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> exceed 100,000, and five more cities in Croatia have populations over 50,000. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Area_and_borders">Area and borders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Area and borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Croatia's territory covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles),<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the 127th largest country in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The physical geography of Croatia is defined by its location—it is described as a part of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia borders <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia–Herzegovina</a> (for 1,009.1 km), <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> for 667.8 km in the northwest, in the east, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> for 355.5 km in the north, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (for 317.6 km) in the east, <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> (for 22.6 km) in the southeast and the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> in the west, south and southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lies mostly between latitudes <a href="/wiki/42nd_parallel_north" title="42nd parallel north">42°</a> and <a href="/wiki/47th_parallel_north" title="47th parallel north">47° N</a> and longitudes <a href="/wiki/13th_meridian_east" title="13th meridian east">13°</a> and <a href="/wiki/20th_meridian_east" title="20th meridian east">20° E</a>. Part of the extreme south of Croatia is separated from the rest of the mainland by a short coastline strip around <a href="/wiki/Neum" title="Neum">Neum</a> belonging to Bosnia–Herzegovina.<sup id="cite_ref-DZS-Stat2010_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DZS-Stat2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country's shape is described as a '<a href="/wiki/Horseshoe_shape" title="Horseshoe shape">horseshoe</a>' (<span title="Croatian-language text"><i lang="hr">potkova</i></span>), and it arose as a result of <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> geopolitics.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Croatia's 348-kilometre (216 mi) border with Hungary was inherited from <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>. Much of the border with Hungary follows the <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a> River or its former river bed; that part of the border dates from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>. The border in <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje" class="mw-redirect" title="Međimurje">Međimurje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranya</a> was defined as a border between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Kingdom of Hungary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats,_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes</a>, later renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon#Borders_of_Hungary" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a> of 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-Columbia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encyclopedia_of_ww1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopedia_of_ww1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The present outline of the 956-kilometre (594 mi) border with Bosnia–Herzegovina and 19-kilometre (12 mi) border with Montenegro is largely the result of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War" title="Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War">Ottoman conquest</a> and subsequent recapture of territories in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> of 1667–1698 formally ending with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Karlowitz" title="Treaty of Karlowitz">Treaty of Karlowitz</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Fifth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1714%E2%80%931718)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)">Seventh Ottoman–Venetian Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bare_url_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bare_url-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This border had minor modifications in 1947 when all borders of the former Yugoslav constituent republics were defined by demarcation commissions implementing the <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a> decisions of 1943 and 1945 regarding the federal organisation of Yugoslavia. The commissions also defined Baranya and Međimurje as Croatian territories, and moreover set up the present-day 314-kilometre (195 mi) border between Serbia and Croatia in <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> and along the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> River between <a href="/wiki/Ilok" title="Ilok">Ilok</a> and the Drava river's mouth and further north to the Hungarian border; the Ilok/Drava section matched the border between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1cs-Bodrog_County" title="Bács-Bodrog County">Bács-Bodrog County</a> that existed until 1918 (the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>). Most of the 600-kilometre (370 mi) border with Slovenia was also defined by the commissions, matching the northwestern border of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and establishing a new section of Croatian border north of the <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istrian</a> peninsula according to the ethnic composition of the territory previously belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kraljević-Razgraničenje-1947_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraljević-Razgraničenje-1947-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pursuant to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">1947 Treaty of Peace with Italy</a> the islands of <a href="/wiki/Cres#History" title="Cres">Cres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lastovo" title="Lastovo">Lastovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palagru%C5%BEa" title="Palagruža">Palagruža</a> and the cities of <a href="/wiki/Zadar#History" title="Zadar">Zadar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> and most of Istria went to <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">communist Yugoslavia</a> and Croatia, while carving out the <a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> (FTT) as a city-state.<sup id="cite_ref-Klemenčič_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klemenčič-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The FTT was partitioned in 1954 as <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a> itself and the area to the north of it were placed under Italian control, and the rest under Yugoslav control. The arrangement was made permanent by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Osimo" title="Treaty of Osimo">Treaty of Osimo</a> in 1975. The former FTT's Yugoslav part was partitioned between Croatia and Slovenia, largely conforming to the area population's ethnic composition.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 19th century, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Geodetic_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Geodetic network">geodetic network</a>, for which the <a href="/wiki/Metres_above_the_Adriatic" title="Metres above the Adriatic">elevation benchmark</a> was determined by the Adriatic Sea's average level at the Sartorio pier in Trieste. This benchmark was subsequently retained by <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, adopted by <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>, and kept by the states that emerged after its dissolution, including Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Length of land borders of Croatia (including rivers)<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Length </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Slovenia</td> <td>670 km (420 mi) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Hungary</td> <td>348 km (216 mi) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Serbia</td> <td>314 km (195 mi) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Bosnia–Herzegovina</td> <td>956 km (594 mi) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Montenegro</td> <td>19 km (12 mi) </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <th>Total</th> <th>2,237 km (1,390 mi) </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extreme_points">Extreme points</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Extreme points"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Croatia">Extreme points of Croatia</a></div> <p>The geographical extreme points of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> are <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDabnik,_Me%C4%91imurje_County" title="Žabnik, Međimurje County">Žabnik</a> in <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_County" title="Međimurje County">Međimurje County</a> as the northernmost point, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ra%C4%91evac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rađevac (page does not exist)">Rađevac</a> near Ilok in <a href="/wiki/Vukovar-Syrmia_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Vukovar-Syrmia County">Vukovar-Syrmia County</a> as the easternmost point, Cape Lako near <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1anija" title="Bašanija">Bašanija</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria County</a> as the westernmost point and the islet of <a href="/wiki/Galijula" title="Galijula">Galijula</a> in Palagruža archipelago in <a href="/wiki/Split-Dalmatia_County" title="Split-Dalmatia County">Split-Dalmatia County</a> as the southernmost point. On the mainland, Cape Oštra of the <a href="/wiki/Prevlaka" title="Prevlaka">Prevlaka</a> peninsula in <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik-Neretva_County" title="Dubrovnik-Neretva County">Dubrovnik-Neretva County</a> is the southernmost point.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Extreme points of Croatia<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Point </th> <th>Name </th> <th>Part of </th> <th>County </th> <th>Note </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Northernmost</td> <td>Žabnik</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sveti_Martin_na_Muri" title="Sveti Martin na Muri">Sveti Martin na Muri</a></td> <td>Međimurje</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=46_33_N_16_22_E_region:HR_type:landmark&title=%C5%BDabnik+%28Northernmost+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°33′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°22′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.550°N 16.367°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.550; 16.367</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Žabnik (Northernmost point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td rowspan="2">Southernmost*</td> <td>Galijula</td> <td>Palagruža archipelago</td> <td>Split-Dalmatia</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=42_23_N_16_21_E_region:HR_type:isle&title=Galijula+%28Southernmost+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°23′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°21′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.383°N 16.350°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.383; 16.350</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Galijula (Southernmost point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Cape Oštra</td> <td>Prevlaka peninsula</td> <td>Dubrovnik-Neretva</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=42_24_N_18_32_E_region:HR_type:landmark&title=Rt+O%C5%A1tra+%28Southernmost+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°24′N</span> <span class="longitude">18°32′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.400°N 18.533°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.400; 18.533</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Rt Oštra (Southernmost point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Easternmost</td> <td>Rađevac</td> <td>Ilok</td> <td>Vukovar-Syrmia</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_12_N_19_27_E_region:HR_type:landmark&title=Ra%C4%91evac+%28Easternmost+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°12′N</span> <span class="longitude">19°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.200°N 19.450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.200; 19.450</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Rađevac (Easternmost point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Westernmost</td> <td>Cape Lako</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Umag" title="Umag">Umag</a></td> <td>Istria</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_29_N_13_30_E_region:HR_type:landmark&title=Cape+Lako+%28Westernmost+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°29′N</span> <span class="longitude">13°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.483°N 13.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.483; 13.500</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Cape Lako (Westernmost point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Highest</td> <td>Dinara peak</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dinara" title="Dinara">Dinara</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik-Knin_County" title="Šibenik-Knin County">Šibenik-Knin</a></td> <td>1,831 m (6,007 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>,<br /><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=44_3_N_16_23_E_region:HR_type:landmark&title=Dinara+%28Highest+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°3′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.050°N 16.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.050; 16.383</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Dinara (Highest point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Lowest</td> <td>Adriatic Sea</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">—</td> <td>sea level, <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=43_N_15_E_region:HR_type:landmark&title=Adriatic+Sea+%28Lowest+point%29"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°N</span> <span class="longitude">15°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43°N 15°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43; 15</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Adriatic Sea (Lowest point)</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5"><small>*Cape Oštra is the southernmost point of the mainland, while Galijula is the southernmost point of Croatian territory.</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maritime_claims">Maritime claims</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Maritime claims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZERP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map with water in the center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ZERP.jpg/220px-ZERP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ZERP.jpg/330px-ZERP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/ZERP.jpg/440px-ZERP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="526" /></a><figcaption>Croatian Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone of the Adriatic Sea<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ecological_and_Fisheries_Protection_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone">Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone</a></div> <p>Italy and Yugoslavia defined their delineation of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">continental shelf</a> in the Adriatic Sea in 1968,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlakeTopalovićSchofield199611–13_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlakeTopalovićSchofield199611–13-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an additional agreement on the boundary in the Gulf of Trieste signed in 1975 in accordance with the Treaty of Osimo. All the successor states of former Yugoslavia accepted the agreements. Prior to Yugoslavia's break-up, Albania, Italy and Yugoslavia initially proclaimed 15-nautical-mile (28 km; 17 mi) <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>, subsequently reduced to the international-standard 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi); all sides adopted <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(sea)" title="Baseline (sea)">baseline</a> systems. Croatia also declared its <a href="/wiki/Ecological_and_Fisheries_Protection_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone">Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone</a> (ZERP)—a part of its <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive Economic Zone">Exclusive Economic Zone</a>—as extending to the continental shelf boundary. Croatia's territorial waters encompass 18,981 square kilometres (7,329 sq mi); its <a href="/wiki/Internal_waters" title="Internal waters">internal waters</a> located within the baseline cover an additional 12,498 square kilometres (4,826 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Land-Use_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Land-Use-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_disputes">Border disputes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Border disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Slovenia_border_disputes" title="Croatia–Slovenia border disputes">Croatia–Slovenia border disputes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Island_of_%C5%A0arengrad" title="Island of Šarengrad">Island of Šarengrad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Vukovar" title="Island of Vukovar">Island of Vukovar</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maritime_border_disputes">Maritime border disputes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Maritime border disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Croatia and Slovenia started negotiations to define maritime borders in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Piran" title="Gulf of Piran">Gulf of Piran</a> in 1992 but failed to agree, resulting in a dispute. Both countries also declared their economic zones, which partially overlap.<sup id="cite_ref-Geoadria-Borders_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoadria-Borders-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia's application to become an <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU member state</a> was initially suspended pending resolution of its border disputes with Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-Geoadria-Borders_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoadria-Borders-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were eventually settled with an agreement to accept the decision of an <a href="/wiki/International_arbitration" title="International arbitration">international arbitration</a> commission set up via the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>, enabling Croatia to <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Croatia_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Croatia to the European Union">progress towards EU membership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC2010_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2010-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durham_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durham-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dispute has caused no major practical problems in areas other than the EU membership negotiations progress, even before the arbitration agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Geoadria-Borders_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoadria-Borders-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The maritime boundary between Bosnia–Herzegovina and Croatia was formally settled in 1999, but a few issues are still contested—the <a href="/wiki/Klek_(peninsula)" title="Klek (peninsula)">Klek peninsula</a> and two islets in the border area. The Croatia–Montenegro maritime boundary is disputed in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kotor" title="Bay of Kotor">Bay of Kotor</a>, at the Prevlaka peninsula. The situation was exacerbated by the peninsula's occupation by the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> and later by the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Serbia and Montenegro">Serbian-Montenegrin army</a>, which in turn was replaced by a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_of_Observers_in_Prevlaka" title="United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka">United Nations observer mission</a> that lasted until 2002. Croatia took over the area with an agreement that allowed Montenegrin presence in Croatian waters in the bay, and the dispute has become far less contentious since the independence of Montenegro in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Geoadria-Borders_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geoadria-Borders-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Land_border_disputes">Land border disputes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Land border disputes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The land border disputes pertain to comparatively small strips of land. The <a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Slovenia_border_disputes" title="Croatia–Slovenia border disputes">Croatia–Slovenia border disputes</a> are: along the <a href="/wiki/Dragonja" title="Dragonja">Dragonja</a> River's lower course where Slovenia claims three <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(place)" title="Hamlet (place)">hamlets</a> on the river's left bank; the <a href="/wiki/Sveta_Gera" title="Sveta Gera">Sveta Gera</a> peak of Žumberak where exact territorial claims were never made and appear to be limited to a military barracks on the peak itself; and along the <a href="/wiki/Mur_(river)" title="Mur (river)">Mura River</a> where Slovenia wants the border to be along the current river bed instead of along a former one and claims a (largely if not completely uninhabited) piece of land near <a href="/wiki/Hotiza" title="Hotiza">Hotiza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These claims are likewise in the process of being settled by binding arbitration.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC2009_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC2010_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC2010-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Durham_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durham-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also land <a href="/wiki/Croatia-Serbia_border_dispute" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia-Serbia border dispute">border disputes between Croatia and Serbia</a>. The two countries presently control one bank of the present-day river each, but Croatia claims that the border line should follow the <a href="/wiki/Cadastral" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadastral">cadastral</a> borders between the former municipalities of <a href="/wiki/SR_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Croatia">SR Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/SR_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Serbia">SR Serbia</a> along the Danube, as defined by a Yugoslav commission in 1947 (effectively following a former river bed); borders claimed by Croatia also include the <a href="/wiki/Island_of_Vukovar" title="Island of Vukovar">Vukovar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Island_of_%C5%A0arengrad" title="Island of Šarengrad">Šarengrad</a> islands in the Danube as its territory.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a border dispute with Bosnia–Herzegovina,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> specifically Croatia claims Unčica <a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">channel</a> on the right bank of <a href="/wiki/Una_(Sava)" title="Una (Sava)">Una</a> as the border at <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_Kostajnica" title="Hrvatska Kostajnica">Hrvatska Kostajnica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while Bosnia and Herzegovina claims Una River course as the border there.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_geography">Physical geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physical geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Croatia" title="Geology of Croatia">Geology of Croatia</a></div> <p>The geology of <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> has some Precambrian rocks mostly covered by younger sedimentary rocks and deformed or superimposed by tectonic activity.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country is split into two main onshore provinces, a smaller part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a> and the larger <a href="/wiki/Dinarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinarides">Dinarides</a>. These areas are very different. </p><p>The carbonate platform karst landscape of Croatia helped to create the weathering conditions to form <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>, clay, <a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">amphibolite</a>, granite, <a href="/wiki/Spilite" title="Spilite">spilite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro">gabbro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">diabase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMooresFairbridge1997159_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMooresFairbridge1997159-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Topography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography of Croatia</a></div> <p>Most of Croatia is lowlands, with elevations of less than 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level recorded in 53.42% of the country. Most of the lowlands are found in the country's northern regions, especially in <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>, representing a part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a>. Areas with elevations of 200 to 500 metres (660 to 1,640 ft) above sea level encompass 25.61% of Croatia's territory, and the areas between 500 and 1,000 metres (1,600 and 3,300 ft) above sea level cover 17.11% of the country. A further 3.71% of the land is 1,000 to 1,500 metres (3,300 to 4,900 ft) above sea level, and only 0.15% of Croatia's territory is elevated greater than 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The greatest concentration of ground at relatively high elevations is found in the <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorski_Kotar" title="Gorski Kotar">Gorski Kotar</a> areas in the <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a>, but such areas are found in all regions of Croatia to some extent.<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Land-Use_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Land-Use-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pannonian Basin and the Dinaric Alps, along with the Adriatic Basin, represent major <a href="/wiki/Geomorphology" title="Geomorphology">geomorphological</a> parts of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adriatic_Basin">Adriatic Basin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Adriatic Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kornati_islands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coastline with rocky shore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kornati_islands.jpg/220px-Kornati_islands.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kornati_islands.jpg/330px-Kornati_islands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Kornati_islands.jpg/440px-Kornati_islands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kornati" title="Kornati">Kornati</a> national park</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">List of islands of Croatia</a></div> <p>Croatia's Adriatic Sea mainland coast is 1,777.3 kilometres (1,104.4 mi) long, while its <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">1,246 islands</a> and islets have a further 4,058 kilometres (2,522 mi) of coastline. The distance between the extreme points of Croatia's coastline is 526 kilometres (327 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlakeTopalovićSchofield19961–5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlakeTopalovićSchofield19961–5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of islands includes all islands, islets, and rocks of all sizes, including ones emerging only at <a href="/wiki/Low_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Low tide">low tide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest islands in the Adriatic are <a href="/wiki/Cres" title="Cres">Cres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Krk</a>, each covering 405.78 square kilometres (156.67 sq mi); the tallest is <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%8D" title="Brač">Brač</a>, reaching 780 metres (2,560 ft) above sea level. The islands include 47 <a href="/wiki/List_of_inhabited_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of inhabited islands of Croatia">permanently inhabited ones</a>, the most populous among them being Krk and <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%8Dula" title="Korčula">Korčula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2013_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2013-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shore is the most indented coastline in the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the coast is characterised by a <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">karst topography</a>, developed from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adriatic_Carbonate_Platform&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adriatic Carbonate Platform (page does not exist)">Adriatic Carbonate Platform</a>. Karstification there largely began after the final raising of the <a href="/wiki/Dinarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinarides">Dinarides</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Oligocene" title="Oligocene">Oligocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Epoch_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epoch (geology)">epochs</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Carbonate_rock" title="Carbonate rock">carbonate rock</a> was exposed to atmospheric effects such as rain; this extended to 120 metres (390 ft) below the present sea level, exposed during the <a href="/wiki/Last_Glacial_Maximum" title="Last Glacial Maximum">Last Glacial Maximum</a>'s sea level drop. It is estimated that some karst formations are related to earlier drops of sea level, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Messinian_salinity_crisis" title="Messinian salinity crisis">Messinian salinity crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Surić_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Surić-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern coast's largest part consists of carbonate rocks, while <a href="/wiki/Flysch" title="Flysch">flysch</a> rock is significantly represented in the Gulf of Trieste coast, on the <a href="/wiki/Kvarner_Gulf" title="Kvarner Gulf">Kvarner Gulf</a> coast opposite Krk, and in Dalmatia north of Split.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are comparably small <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> areas of the Adriatic coast in Croatia—most notably the <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a> <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">river delta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western <a href="/wiki/Istria#Geography" title="Istria">Istria</a> is gradually subsiding, having sunk about 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) in the past 2,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Middle Adriatic Basin, there is evidence of <a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">Permian</a> volcanism in the area of <a href="/wiki/Komi%C5%BEa" title="Komiža">Komiža</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a>, in addition to the volcanic islands of <a href="/wiki/Jabuka_(island)" title="Jabuka (island)">Jabuka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brusnik_(island)" title="Brusnik (island)">Brusnik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earthquakes are frequent in the area around the Adriatic Sea, although most are too faint to be felt; an earthquake doing significant damage happens every few decades, with major earthquakes every few centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dinaric_Alps">Dinaric Alps</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Dinaric Alps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a></div> <p>The Dinaric Alps are linked to a Late <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> to recent times <a href="/wiki/Fold_and_thrust_belt" title="Fold and thrust belt">fold and thrust belt</a>, itself part of the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine orogeny</a>, extending southeast from the southern <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EGU_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGU-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dinaric Alps in Croatia encompass the entire Gorski Kotar and Lika regions, as well as considerable parts of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, with their northeastern edge running from 1,181-metre (3,875 ft) <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDumberak" class="mw-redirect" title="Žumberak">Žumberak</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Banovina_(region)" title="Banovina (region)">Banovina region</a>, along the Sava River,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their westernmost landforms being 1,272-metre (4,173 ft) <a href="/wiki/%C4%86i%C4%87arija" title="Ćićarija">Ćićarija</a> and 1,396-metre (4,580 ft) <a href="/wiki/U%C4%8Dka" title="Učka">Učka</a> mountains in Istria. The Dinaric Alps contain the highest mountain in Croatia—1,831-metre (6,007 ft) <a href="/wiki/Dinara" title="Dinara">Dinara</a>—as well as all other mountains in Croatia higher than 1,500 metres (4,900 feet): <a href="/wiki/Biokovo" title="Biokovo">Biokovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velebit" title="Velebit">Velebit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plje%C5%A1ivica" class="mw-redirect" title="Plješivica">Plješivica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Velika_Kapela" title="Velika Kapela">Velika Kapela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Risnjak" title="Risnjak">Risnjak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svilaja" title="Svilaja">Svilaja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snje%C5%BEnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Snježnik">Snježnik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karst topography makes up about <a href="/wiki/List_of_karst_areas" title="List of karst areas">half of Croatia</a> and is especially prominent in the Dinaric Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Croatia" title="List of caves in Croatia">numerous caves in Croatia</a>, 49 of which are deeper than 250 metres (820.21 ft), 14 deeper than 500 metres (1,640.42 ft) and 3 deeper than 1,000 metres (3,280.84 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Plitvice_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Plitvice-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest cave in Croatia, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kita_Ga%C4%87e%C5%A1ina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kita Gaćešina (page does not exist)">Kita Gaćešina</a>, is at the same time the longest cave in the Dinaric Alps at 20,656 metres (67,769 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Picture of large mountain with about 30-degree sloped sides" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg/220px-Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg/330px-Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg/440px-Dinara_Knin_Croatia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="788" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dinara" title="Dinara">Dinara</a> seen from <a href="/wiki/Knin" title="Knin">Knin</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Highest mountain peaks of Croatia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Mountain </th> <th>Peak </th> <th>Elevation </th> <th>Coordinates </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Dinara</td> <td>Dinara</td> <td>1,831 m (6,007 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=44_3_N_16_23_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°3′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°23′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.050°N 16.383°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.050; 16.383</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Biokovo</td> <td>Sveti Jure</td> <td>1,762 m (5,781 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=43_20_N_17_03_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°20′N</span> <span class="longitude">17°03′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.333°N 17.050°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.333; 17.050</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Velebit</td> <td>Vaganski Peak</td> <td>1,757 m (5,764 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=44_32_N_15_14_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°32′N</span> <span class="longitude">15°14′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.533°N 15.233°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.533; 15.233</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Plješivica</td> <td>Ozeblin</td> <td>1,657 m (5,436 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=44_47_N_15_45_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">44°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">15°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">44.783°N 15.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">44.783; 15.750</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Velika Kapela</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bjelolasica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bjelolasica">Bjelolasica</a>-Kula</td> <td>1,533 m (5,030 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_16_N_14_58_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.267°N 14.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.267; 14.967</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Risnjak</td> <td>Risnjak</td> <td>1,528 m (5,013 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_25_N_14_45_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°25′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°45′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.417°N 14.750°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.417; 14.750</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Svilaja</td> <td>Svilaja</td> <td>1,508 m (4,948 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=43_49_N_16_27_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">43°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">16°27′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">43.817°N 16.450°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">43.817; 16.450</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Snježnik</td> <td>Snježnik</td> <td>1,506 m (4,941 ft)</td> <td><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Croatia&params=45_26_N_14_35_E_region:HR_type:mountain"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">14°35′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.433°N 14.583°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.433; 14.583</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pannonian_Basin">Pannonian Basin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pannonian Basin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tree_in_the_sun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Plain with a tree in the middle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tree_in_the_sun.jpg/220px-Tree_in_the_sun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tree_in_the_sun.jpg/330px-Tree_in_the_sun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Tree_in_the_sun.jpg/440px-Tree_in_the_sun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1535" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>A plain in <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a></div> <p>The Pannonian Basin took shape through Miocenian thinning and <a href="/wiki/Subsidence" title="Subsidence">subsidence</a> of crust structures formed during the Late <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Variscan_orogeny" title="Variscan orogeny">Variscan orogeny</a>. The Paleozoic and <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> structures are visible in <a href="/wiki/Papuk" title="Papuk">Papuk</a> and other Slavonian mountains. The processes also led to the formation of a <a href="/wiki/Stratovolcano" title="Stratovolcano">stratovolcanic</a> chain in the basin 12–17 <a href="/wiki/Mya_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mya (unit)">Mya</a>; intensified subsidence was observed until 5 Mya as well as <a href="/wiki/Flood_basalt" title="Flood basalt">flood basalts</a> at about 7.5 Mya. The contemporary <a href="/wiki/Tectonic_uplift" title="Tectonic uplift">tectonic uplift</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Mountains" title="Carpathian Mountains">Carpathian Mountains</a> severed water flow to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Sea" title="Pannonian Sea">Pannonian Sea</a> formed in the basin. <a href="/wiki/Sedimentation#Geology" title="Sedimentation">Sediments</a> were transported to the basin from the uplifting Carpathian and Dinaric mountains, with particularly deep <a href="/wiki/Fluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvial">fluvial</a> sediments being deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> epoch during the <a href="/wiki/Transdanubian_Mountains" title="Transdanubian Mountains">Transdanubian Mountains</a>' formation.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) of sediment was deposited in the basin, and the sea eventually drained through the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_(Danube)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron Gate (Danube)">Iron Gate</a> gorge.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The results are large plains in eastern Slavonia's <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)#Geography" title="Baranya (region)">Baranya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syrmia#Geography" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> regions, as well as in river valleys, especially along the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a>, Drava and <a href="/wiki/Kupa" title="Kupa">Kupa</a>. The plains are interspersed by <a href="/wiki/Horst_(geology)" title="Horst (geology)">horst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">graben</a> structures, believed to have broken the Pannonian Sea's surface as <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_island_mountains" title="Pannonian island mountains">islands</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="removed citation to predatory publisher content (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The tallest among such landforms are 1,059-metre (3,474 ft) <a href="/wiki/Ivan%C5%A1%C4%87ica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivanšćica">Ivanšćica</a> and 1,035-metre (3,396 ft) <a href="/wiki/Medvednica" title="Medvednica">Medvednica</a> north of <a href="/wiki/Zagreb#Surroundings" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>—both are also at least partially in <a href="/wiki/Hrvatsko_Zagorje" title="Hrvatsko Zagorje">Hrvatsko Zagorje</a>—as well as 984-metre (3,228 ft) <a href="/wiki/Psunj" title="Psunj">Psunj</a> and 953-metre (3,127 ft) Papuk that are the tallest among the Slavonian mountains surrounding <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega,_Croatia" title="Požega, Croatia">Požega</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Psunj, Papuk and adjacent <a href="/wiki/Krndija" title="Krndija">Krndija</a> consist mostly of Paleozoic rocks from 300 to 350 Mya. <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEe%C5%A1ka_gora" title="Požeška gora">Požeška gora</a>, adjacent to Psunj, consists of much more recent <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a> rocks, but there are also Upper <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> sediments and <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Igneous rocks">igneous rocks</a> forming the main, 30-kilometre (19 mi) <a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">ridge</a> of the hill; these represent the largest igneous <a href="/wiki/Landform" title="Landform">landform</a> in Croatia. A smaller piece of igneous terrain is also present on Papuk, near <a href="/wiki/Vo%C4%87in" title="Voćin">Voćin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Moslava%C4%8Dka_gora" title="Moslavačka gora">Moslavačka gora</a> mountains, are possibly remnants of a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_arc" title="Volcanic arc">volcanic arc</a> from the same <a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">tectonic plate</a> collision that caused the Dinaric Alps.<sup id="cite_ref-EGU_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EGU-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Hydrography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="River under bridge with city in background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg/220px-%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg/330px-%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg/440px-%C5%BDeljezni%C4%8Dki_most_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1543" data-file-height="1023" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a>, the longest river in Croatia</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">List of rivers of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of lakes in Croatia">List of lakes in Croatia</a></div> <p>The largest part of Croatia—62% of its territory—is encompassed by the Black Sea <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">drainage basin</a>. The area includes the largest rivers flowing in the country: the <a href="/wiki/Danube#Geology" title="Danube">Danube</a>, Sava, Drava, <a href="/wiki/Mur_(river)#River_course" title="Mur (river)">Mura</a> and Kupa. The rest belongs to the Adriatic Sea drainage basin, where the largest river by far is the Neretva.<sup id="cite_ref-WFD_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFD-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The longest rivers in Croatia are the 562-kilometre (349 mi) Sava, 505-kilometre (314 mi) Drava, 296-kilometre (184 mi) Kupa and a 188-kilometre (117 mi) section of the Danube. The longest rivers emptying into the Adriatic Sea are the 101-kilometre (63 mi) <a href="/wiki/Cetina" title="Cetina">Cetina</a> and an only 20-kilometre (12 mi) section of the Neretva.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest lakes in Croatia are 30.7-square-kilometre (11.9 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Lake_Vrana_(Dalmatia)" title="Lake Vrana (Dalmatia)">Lake Vrana</a> located in the northern Dalmatia, 17.1-square-kilometre (6.6 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Lake_Dubrava" title="Lake Dubrava">Lake Dubrava</a> near <a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a>, 13.0-square-kilometre (5.0 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Peru%C4%87a_Lake" title="Peruća Lake">Peruća Lake</a> (<a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoir</a>) on the Cetina River, 11.1-square-kilometre (4.3 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Lake_Prokljan" title="Lake Prokljan">Lake Prokljan</a> near <a href="/wiki/Skradin" title="Skradin">Skradin</a> and 10.1-square-kilometre (3.9 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/Lake_Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Lake Varaždin">Lake Varaždin</a> reservoir through which the Drava River flows near Varaždin.<sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia's most famous lakes are the <a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park" title="Plitvice Lakes National Park">Plitvice lakes</a>, a system of 16 lakes with waterfalls connecting them over <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> cascades. The lakes are renowned for their distinctive colours, ranging from turquoise to mint green, grey or blue.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC-Plitvice_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Plitvice-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia has a remarkable wealth in terms of wetlands. Four of those are included in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetlands_of_international_importance" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ramsar wetlands of international importance">Ramsar list of internationally important wetlands</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lonjsko_Polje" title="Lonjsko Polje">Lonjsko Polje</a> along the Sava and <a href="/wiki/Lonja" title="Lonja">Lonja</a> rivers near <a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kopa%C4%8Dki_Rit" title="Kopački Rit">Kopački Rit</a> at the confluence of the Drava and Danube, the <a href="/wiki/Neretva_Delta" title="Neretva Delta">Neretva Delta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crna_Mlaka" title="Crna Mlaka">Crna Mlaka</a> near <a href="/wiki/Jastrebarsko" title="Jastrebarsko">Jastrebarsko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WFD_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WFD-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Average annual precipitation and evaporation rates are 1,162 millimetres (45.7 in) and 700 millimetres (28 in), respectively. Taking into consideration the overall water balance, the total Croatian water resources amount to 25,163 cubic metres (888,600 cu ft) per year per capita, including 5,877 cubic metres (207,500 cu ft) per year per capita from sources inside Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Freshwater-HR_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Freshwater-HR-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plitvice-2003.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two greenish-blue lakes in a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Plitvice-2003.JPG/220px-Plitvice-2003.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Plitvice-2003.JPG/330px-Plitvice-2003.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Plitvice-2003.JPG/440px-Plitvice-2003.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park" title="Plitvice Lakes National Park">Plitvice Lakes National Park</a>, a UNESCO <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_HRV_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Köppen climate types of Croatia</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate (Cfb)</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. Mean monthly temperatures range between −3 °C (27 °F) (in January) and 18 °C (64 °F) (in July). The coldest parts of the country are Lika and Gorski Kotar where a snowy forested climate is found at elevations above 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). The warmest areas of Croatia are at the Adriatic coast and especially in its immediate hinterland, which are characterised by a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a> since temperatures are moderated by the sea. Consequently, temperature peaks are more pronounced in the continental areas: the lowest temperature of −36.0 °C (−32.8 °F) was recorded on 4 February 1929 in <a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87" title="Gospić">Gospić</a>, and the highest temperature of 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) was recorded on 5 August 1981 in <a href="/wiki/Plo%C4%8De" title="Ploče">Ploče</a>. </p><p>The mean annual precipitation is 600 to 3,500 millimetres (24 to 138 in) depending on the geographic region and prevailing climate type. The least precipitation is recorded in the outer islands (Vis, <a href="/wiki/Lastovo#Climate" title="Lastovo">Lastovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bi%C5%A1evo" title="Biševo">Biševo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Svetac" title="Svetac">Svetac</a>) and in the eastern parts of Slavonia; however, in the latter case it is mostly during the <a href="/wiki/Growing_season" title="Growing season">growing season</a>. The most precipitation is observed on the Dinara mountain range and in Gorski Kotar, where some of the highest annual precipitation totals in Europe occur. </p><p>The prevailing winds in the interior are light to moderate northeast or southwest; in the coastal area, the prevailing winds are determined by local area features. Higher wind velocities are more often recorded in cooler months along the coast, generally as cool northeasterly <a href="/wiki/Bora_(wind)" title="Bora (wind)">buras</a> or, less frequently, as warm southerly <a href="/wiki/Jugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jugo">jugos</a>. The sunniest parts of the country are the outer islands, Hvar and Korčula, where more than 2,700 hours of sunshine are recorded per year, followed by the southern Adriatic Sea area in general, northern Adriatic coast, and Slavonia, all with more than 2,000 hours of sunshine per year.<sup id="cite_ref-DZS-Stat2010_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DZS-Stat2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="11">Climate characteristics in major cities in Croatia </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">City </th> <th colspan="4">Mean temperature (daily high) </th> <th colspan="6">Mean total rainfall </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">January </th> <th colspan="2">July </th> <th colspan="3">January </th> <th colspan="3">July </th></tr> <tr> <th>°C </th> <th>°F </th> <th>°C </th> <th>°F </th> <th>mm </th> <th>in </th> <th>days </th> <th>mm </th> <th>in </th> <th>days </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.75 </td> <td>11.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.95 </td> <td>4.4 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">28.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">45.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.79 </td> <td>12.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">60.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.39 </td> <td>10.2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">81.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">134.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5.31 </td> <td>11.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">82.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.23 </td> <td>9.1 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">50.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">85.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">77.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.07 </td> <td>11.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.09 </td> <td>5.6 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>Zagreb </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">80.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.91 </td> <td>10.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">81.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.19 </td> <td>10.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="11">Source:<a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Europe#Croatia" title="Climate change in Europe">Climate change in Europe § Croatia</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_change_in_Europe&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Croatia aims to reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO<sub style="font-size: 80%;vertical-align: -0.35em">2</sub> emissions</a> by 45% by 2030 and phase out coal by 2033. However, the shift to a <a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">low-carbon economy</a> will necessitate significant expenditures in new <a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">energy infrastructure</a> and additional renewable energy resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Europe_:05_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Europe_:05-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Croatia established a 2030 National Energy and Climate Plan to attain its aim. The national policy targets for a 36.4% renewable energy share by 2030, as well as major investment in the energy industry, including hydropower, wind farms, solar photovoltaic facilities, and hydrogen energy.<sup id="cite_ref-Climate_change_in_Europe_:05_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Climate_change_in_Europe_:05-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kopacki_rit2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Trees over water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kopacki_rit2.JPG/220px-Kopacki_rit2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kopacki_rit2.JPG/330px-Kopacki_rit2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Kopacki_rit2.JPG/440px-Kopacki_rit2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kopa%C4%8Dki_Rit" title="Kopački Rit">Kopački Rit</a> nature park, one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Wetlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Wetlands">wetlands</a> in Europe</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas of Croatia</a></div> <p>Croatia can be subdivided between a number of <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a> because of its climate and geomorphology, and the country is consequently one of the richest in Europe in terms of biodiversity. There are four types of <a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">biogeographical</a> regions in Croatia: Mediterranean along the coast and in its immediate hinterland, Alpine in most of Lika and Gorski Kotar, Pannonian along the Drava and Danube, and continental in the remaining areas.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among the most significant are <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> habitats; these include submerged karst, such as <a href="/wiki/Zrmanja" title="Zrmanja">Zrmanja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krka_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Krka (Croatia)">Krka</a> canyons and <a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">tufa</a> barriers, as well as underground habitats. The karst geology has produced approximately 7,000 caves and pits, many of which are inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Troglobite" class="mw-redirect" title="Troglobite">troglobitic</a> (exclusively cave-dwelling) animals such as the <a href="/wiki/Olm" title="Olm">olm</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cave_salamander" title="Cave salamander">cave salamander</a> and the only European troglobitic <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Forests are also significant in the country, as they cover 26,487.6 square kilometres (10,226.9 sq mi) representing 46.8% of Croatia's land surface.<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Land-Use_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Land-Use-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other habitat types include wetlands, grasslands, bogs, fens, scrub habitats, coastal and marine habitats.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of <a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">phytogeography</a>, Croatia is part of the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal Kingdom">Boreal Kingdom</a>; specifically, it is part of the Illyrian and Central European provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Circumboreal_Region" title="Circumboreal Region">Circumboreal Region</a> and the Adriatic province of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region">Mediterranean Region</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Biome#WWF_system" title="Biome">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> divides land in Croatia into three ecoregions—<a href="/wiki/Pannonian_mixed_forests" title="Pannonian mixed forests">Pannonian mixed forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Dinaric Mountains mixed forests">Dinaric Mountains mixed forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_deciduous_forests" title="Illyrian deciduous forests">Illyrian deciduous forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DU-Sustdev_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DU-Sustdev-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Biome" title="Biome">Biomes</a> in Croatia include <a href="/wiki/Temperate_broadleaf_and_mixed_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest">temperate broadleaf/mixed forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrub</a>; all are in the <a href="/wiki/Palearctic_realm" title="Palearctic realm">Palearctic realm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Vertically cracked grey rock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG/220px-Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG/330px-Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG/440px-Karstformationen_Nationalpark-Nord-Velebit.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Karst in <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Sjeverni_Velebit" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Sjeverni Velebit">National Park Sjeverni Velebit</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Croatia has 38,226 known <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a>, 2.8% of which are <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a>; the actual number (including undiscovered <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>) is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The estimate is supported by nearly 400 new taxa of <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a> discovered in Croatia in 2000–2005 alone.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are more than a thousand endemic species, especially in the Velebit and Biokovo mountains, Adriatic islands and karst rivers. Legislation protects 1,131 species.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of plants and <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breeds</a> of domesticated animals are also numerous; they include five breeds of horses, five breeds of cattle, eight breeds of sheep, two breeds of pigs and a poultry breed. Even the indigenous breeds include nine endangered or critically endangered ones.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">Known and endemic taxa in Croatia<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:center;">Name</th> <th style="text-align:center;">Known taxa</th> <th style="text-align:center;">Endemic taxa</th> <th style="text-align:center;">Endemic taxa, % </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plants</a></td> <td>8,871</td> <td>523</td> <td>5.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></td> <td>4,500</td> <td>0</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">Lichens</a></td> <td>1,019</td> <td>0</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammals</a></td> <td>101</td> <td>5</td> <td>4.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Birds</a></td> <td>387</td> <td>0</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptiles</a></td> <td>41</td> <td>9</td> <td>21.95% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">Amphibians</a></td> <td>20</td> <td>7</td> <td>35.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">Freshwater fish</a></td> <td>152</td> <td>17</td> <td>12.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Marine_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine fish">Marine fish</a></td> <td>442</td> <td>6</td> <td>1.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Terrestrial <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a></td> <td>15,228</td> <td>350</td> <td>2.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Freshwater invertebrates</td> <td>1,850</td> <td>171</td> <td>9.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left">Marine invertebrates</td> <td>5,655</td> <td>0</td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th align="left">TOTAL</th> <th style="text-align:right;">38,266</th> <th style="text-align:right;">1,088</th> <th style="text-align:right;">2.84% </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>There are 444 <a href="/wiki/Croatian_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian protected areas">Croatian protected areas</a>, encompassing 8.5% of the country. These include 8 <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks of Croatia">national parks</a>, 2 strict <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">reserves</a> and 11 <a href="/wiki/Nature_park" title="Nature park">nature parks</a>, accounting for 78% of the total protected area.<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Land-Use_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Land-Use-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most famous protected area and the oldest <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in Croatia is the Plitvice Lakes National Park, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>. Velebit Nature Park is a part of the UNESCO <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">Man and the Biosphere Programme</a>. The strict and special reserves, as well as the national and nature parks, are managed and protected by the central government, while other protected areas are managed by counties. In 2005, the National Ecological Network was set up as the first step in preparation for EU membership and joining the <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> network.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">Habitat destruction</a> represents a threat to biodiversity in Croatia, as developed and agricultural land is expanded into previous natural <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a>, while <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a> occurs as roads are created or expanded. A further threat to biodiversity is the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>, with <i><a href="/wiki/Caulerpa_racemosa" title="Caulerpa racemosa">Caulerpa racemosa</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Caulerpa_taxifolia" title="Caulerpa taxifolia">C. taxifolia</a></i> identified as especially problematic ones.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2008_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invasive algae are monitored and regularly removed to protect the <a href="/wiki/Benthic_zone" title="Benthic zone">benthic habitat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MCult-Biodiversity_62-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agricultural <a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">monocultures</a> have also been identified as a threat to biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG/220px-Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG/330px-Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG/440px-Jaku%C5%A1evec_landfill_20090627_0123.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jaku%C5%A1evec" title="Jakuševec">Jakuševec</a> landfill, used for <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>'s solid waste disposal<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ecological_footprint" title="Ecological footprint">ecological footprint</a> of Croatia's population and industry varies significantly between the country's regions since 50% of the population resides in 26.8% of the nation's territory, with a particularly high impact made by the city of Zagreb and Zagreb County areas—their combined area comprises 6.6% of Croatia's territory while encompassing 25% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2007_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2007-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ecological footprint is most notably from the increased development of settlements and the sea coast leading to <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a>. Between 1998 and 2008, the greatest changes of <a href="/wiki/Land_use" title="Land use">land use</a> pertained to artificially developed areas, but the scale of development is negligible compared to EU member states.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2008_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Croatian Environment Agency (CEA), a public institution established by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government of Croatia</a> to collect and analyse information on the environment,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has identified further ecological problems as well as various degrees of progress in terms of curbing their environmental impact. These problems include inadequate legal <a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">landfills</a> as well as the presence of illegal landfills; between 2005 and 2008, 62 authorised and 423 illegal landfills were <a href="/wiki/Land_rehabilitation" title="Land rehabilitation">rehabilitated</a>. In the same period, the number of issued <a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">waste management</a> licences doubled, while the annual <a href="/wiki/Municipal_solid_waste" title="Municipal solid waste">municipal solid waste</a> volume increased by 23%, reaching 403 kilograms (888 pounds) per capita. The processes of <a href="/wiki/Soil_acidification" title="Soil acidification">soil acidification</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soil_organic_matter" title="Soil organic matter">organic matter</a> degradation are present throughout Croatia, with increasing <a href="/wiki/Soil_salinity" title="Soil salinity">soil salinity</a> levels in the <a href="/wiki/Neretva" title="Neretva">Neretva</a> river plain and spreading areas of <a href="/wiki/Alkali_soil" title="Alkali soil">alkali soil</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2008_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Croatian <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> levels reflect the drop in industrial production recorded in 1991 at the onset of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>—pre-war emission levels were only reached in 1997. The use of <a href="/wiki/Hydrodesulfurization" title="Hydrodesulfurization">desulfurised</a> fuels has led to a 25% reduction of <a href="/wiki/Sulphur_dioxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulphur dioxide">sulphur dioxide</a> emissions between 1997 and 2004, and a further 7.2% drop by 2007. The rise in <a href="/wiki/NOx" title="NOx">NO<sub>x</sub></a> emissions halted in 2007 and reversed in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2008_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of <a href="/wiki/Unleaded_petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Unleaded petrol">unleaded petrol</a> reduced emissions of <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> into the atmosphere by 91.5% between 1997 and 2004. <a href="/wiki/Air_quality" class="mw-redirect" title="Air quality">Air quality</a> measurements indicate that the air in rural areas is essentially clean, and in urban centres it generally complies with legal requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2007_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2007-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant sources of <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions</a> in Croatia are <a href="/wiki/Energy_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy production">energy production</a> (72%), industry (13%) and agriculture (11%). The average annual increase of GHG emissions is 3%, remaining within the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a> limits. Between 1990 and 2007, the use of <a href="/wiki/Ozone_depletion" title="Ozone depletion">ozone depleting substances</a> was reduced by 92%; their use is expected to be abolished by 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2008_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though Croatia has sufficient <a href="/wiki/Water_resources" title="Water resources">water resources</a> at its disposal, these are not uniformly distributed and public <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">water supply network</a> losses remain high—estimated at 44%. Between 2004 and 2008, the number of stations monitoring surface <a href="/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> increased by 20%; the CEA reported 476 cases of water pollution in this period. At the same time <a href="/wiki/Organic_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic waste">organic waste</a> pollution levels decreased slightly, which is attributed to the completion of new <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">sewage treatment</a> plants; their number increased 20%, reaching a total of 101. Nearly all of Croatia's <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a> are top <a href="/wiki/Water_quality" title="Water quality">quality</a>, unlike the available surface water; the latter's quality varies in terms of <a href="/wiki/Biochemical_oxygen_demand" title="Biochemical oxygen demand">biochemical oxygen demand</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacteriological_water_analysis" title="Bacteriological water analysis">bacteriological water analysis</a> results. As of 2008, 80% of the Croatian population are served by the public <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">water supply</a> system, but only 44% of the population have access to the public <a href="/wiki/Sewerage" title="Sewerage">sewerage</a> network, with <a href="/wiki/Septic_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Septic system">septic systems</a> in use. Adriatic Sea water quality monitoring between 2004 and 2008 indicated very good, <a href="/wiki/Oligotroph" title="Oligotroph">oligotrophic</a> conditions along most of the coast, while areas of increased <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">eutrophication</a> were identified in the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bakar" title="Bay of Bakar">Bay of Bakar</a>, the Bay of <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%A1tela" title="Kaštela">Kaštela</a>, the Port of <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a> and near <a href="/wiki/Plo%C4%8De" title="Ploče">Ploče</a>; other areas of localised pollution were identified near the larger coastal cities. In the period between 2004 and 2008, the CEA identified 283 cases of <a href="/wiki/Marine_pollution" title="Marine pollution">marine pollution</a> (including 128 <a href="/wiki/Ship_pollution" class="mw-redirect" title="Ship pollution">from vessels</a>), which was a drop of 15% relative to the period encompassed by the previous report,<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2008_65-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2008-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1997 to August 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-EnvRep2007_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnvRep2007-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_use">Land use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Land use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Papuk_from_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View from the air of a forest-covered mountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Papuk_from_air.jpg/220px-Papuk_from_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Papuk_from_air.jpg/330px-Papuk_from_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Papuk_from_air.jpg/440px-Papuk_from_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2137" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>Forest-covered <a href="/wiki/Papuk" title="Papuk">Papuk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2006, 46.8% of Croatia was occupied by 26,487.6 square kilometres (10,226.9 sq mi) of forest and shrub, while a further 22,841 square kilometres (8,819 sq mi) or 40.4% of the land was used for diverse agricultural uses including 4,389.1 square kilometres (1,694.6 sq mi), or 7.8% of the total, for <a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">permanent crops</a>. Bush and grass cover was present on 4,742.1 square kilometres (1,830.9 sq mi) or 8.4% of the territory, inland waters took up 539.3 square kilometres (208.2 sq mi) or 1.0% and marshes covered 200 square kilometres (77 sq mi) or 0.4% of the country. Artificial surfaces (primarily consisting of urban areas, roads, non-agricultural vegetation, sports areas and other recreational facilities) took up 1,774.5 square kilometres (685.1 sq mi) or 3.1% of the country's area. The greatest impetus for <a href="/wiki/Land_use_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Land use change">land use changes</a> is the expansion of settlements and road construction.<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Land-Use_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Land-Use-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>, there are numerous leftover <a href="/wiki/Minefields_in_Croatia" title="Minefields in Croatia">minefields in Croatia</a>, largely tracing former front lines. As of 2006, suspected minefields covered 954.5 square kilometres (368.5 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-EEA-Land-Use_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EEA-Land-Use-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2012, 62% of the remaining minefields are situated in forests, 26% of them are found in agricultural land, and 12% are found in other land; it is expected that <a href="/wiki/Demining" title="Demining">mine clearance</a> will be complete by 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regions">Regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions of Croatia">List of regions of Croatia</a></div> <p>Croatia is traditionally divided into numerous, often overlapping geographic regions, whose borders are not always clearly defined. The largest and most readily recognisable ones throughout the country are <a href="/wiki/Central_Croatia" title="Central Croatia">Central Croatia</a> (also described as the Zagreb macro-region), Eastern Croatia (largely corresponding with Slavonia), and <a href="/wiki/Mountainous_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountainous Croatia">Mountainous Croatia</a> (Lika and Gorski Kotar; to the west of Central Croatia). These three comprise the inland or continental part of Croatia. Coastal Croatia consists of a further two regions: Dalmatia or the southern littoral, between the general area of the city of <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a> and the southernmost tip of the country; and the northern littoral located north of Dalmatia, encompassing the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Littoral" title="Croatian Littoral">Croatian Littoral</a> and Istria. The geographical regions generally do not conform to county boundaries or other administrative divisions, and all of them encompass further, more specific, geographic regions.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_geography">Human geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Human geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map with red spot in upper center reflecting Zagreb's population density of over 1200 people per square kilometre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg/220px-Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg/330px-Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg/440px-Croatia_population_density_map_2011_by_county.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="1063" /></a><figcaption>2011 Croatian <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> by county in persons per km<sup>2</sup>:<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <30</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> 30-49</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:teal; color:white;"> </span> 50-69</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:olive; color:black;"> </span> 70-89</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:navy; color:white;"> </span> 90-119</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:purple; color:white;"> </span> 120-200</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> >1200</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">demographic features of the Croatian population</a> are known through censuses, normally conducted in ten-year intervals and analysed by various statistical bureaus since the 1850s. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a> has performed this task since the 1990s. The latest census in Croatia was performed in April 2011. The permanent population of Croatia at the 2011 census had reached 4.29 million. The <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> was 75.8 inhabitants per square kilometre, and the overall <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">life expectancy in Croatia</a> at birth is 75.7 years. The population rose steadily (with the exception of censuses taken following the two world wars) from 2.1 million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7 million. Since 1991, Croatia's <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> has continuously exceeded its <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a>; the natural growth rate of the population is thus currently negative.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia is currently in the <a href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">demographic transition</a>'s fourth or fifth stage.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In terms of age structure, the population is dominated by the 15‑ to 64‑year‑old segment. The median age of the population is 41.4, and the gender ratio of the total population is 0.93 males per 1 female.<sup id="cite_ref-DZS-Stat2010_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DZS-Stat2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbs-2011-settle_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-2011-settle-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Croatia is inhabited mostly by <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> (89.6%), while <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minorities in Croatia">minorities</a> include <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a> (4.5%) and 21 other ethnicities (less than 1% each) recognised by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution of Croatia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-DZS-Stat2010_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DZS-Stat2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ustav-RH_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ustav-RH-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demographic history of Croatia is marked by significant migrations, including: the Croats' arrival in the area;<sup id="cite_ref-Mužić-249-293_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mužić-249-293-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the growth of the Hungarian and German speaking population after the <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">personal union of Croatia and Hungary</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-HR-HU-Heka_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HR-HU-Heka-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> joining of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Empire</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Povijest-saborovanja_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Povijest-saborovanja-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> migrations set off by the <a href="/wiki/Growth_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Growth of the Ottoman Empire">Ottoman conquests</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the growth of the Italian-speaking population in <a href="/wiki/Istria#History" title="Istria">Istria</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Dalmatia" title="History of Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Republic">Venetian</a> rule there.<sup id="cite_ref-bare_url_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bare_url-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary#Dissolution" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary's collapse</a>, the Hungarian population declined,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the German-speaking population was forced out or fled during the last part of and after World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a <a href="/wiki/Istrian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian exodus">similar fate</a> was suffered by the Italian population.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The late 19th century and the 20th century were marked by large scale economic migrations abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Geografija-migrations_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geografija-migrations-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MVPEI-Canada_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MVPEI-Canada-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1940s and the 1950s in <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of SFR Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> were marked by internal migrations in Yugoslavia, as well as by <a href="/wiki/Urbanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanisation">urbanisation</a>. The most recent significant migrations came as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> when hundreds of thousands were displaced.<sup id="cite_ref-OSCE-Reform_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSCE-Reform-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Index-Cro-Refugees_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Index-Cro-Refugees-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PresidentRH-refugees_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PresidentRH-refugees-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a> is Croatia's official language, but the languages of constitutionally-recognised minorities are officially used in some local government units.<sup id="cite_ref-Ustav-RH_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ustav-RH-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatian is the native language identified by 96% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-Census-2011_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census-2011-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2009 survey revealed that 78% of Croatians claim knowledge of at least one foreign language—most often <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Index-lang_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Index-lang-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest religions of Croatia are <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholicism</a> (86.3%), <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christianity</a> (4.4%) and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1.5%).<sup id="cite_ref-Census2011-religion_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census2011-religion-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literacy in Croatia stands at 98.1%.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proportion of the population aged 15 and over attaining <a href="/wiki/Academic_degree" title="Academic degree">academic degrees</a> has grown rapidly since 2001, doubling and reaching 16.7% by 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 4.5% of GDP is spent for education.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary and secondary education are available in Croatian and in the languages of recognised minorities. Croatia has a <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> system and in 2010, the nation spent 6.9% of its GDP on healthcare.<sup id="cite_ref-WB-Health_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB-Health-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The net monthly income in September 2011 averaged 5,397 <a href="/wiki/Croatian_kuna" title="Croatian kuna">kuna</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>729</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most significant sources of employment in 2008 were wholesale and retail trade, the manufacturing industry and construction. In October 2011, the unemployment rate was 17.4%.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Croatia's median equivalent household income tops the average <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_Power_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing Power Standard">Purchasing Power Standard</a> of <a href="/wiki/2004_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2004 enlargement of the European Union">the ten countries which joined the EU in 2004</a>, while trailing the EU average.<sup id="cite_ref-UNDP-HR_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNDP-HR-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2011 census recorded a total of 1.5 million private households; most owned their own housing.<sup id="cite_ref-DZS-Stat2010_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DZS-Stat2010-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbs-2011-settle_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-2011-settle-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_geography">Political geography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Political geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">Counties of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/NUTS_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS of Croatia">NUTS of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Division of Croatia into 3 sections, one coastal, one upper left, and one with the rest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG/220px-NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG/330px-NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG/440px-NUTS_of_Croatia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1288" data-file-height="1231" /></a><figcaption>NUTS of Croatia: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF8000; color:black;"> </span> Northwest Croatia</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#0080FF; color:black;"> </span> Adriatic Croatia</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Croatia was first subdivided into counties in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(medieval)#Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)">Middle Ages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Medieval-Counties_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medieval-Counties-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The divisions changed over time to reflect losses of territory to Ottoman conquest and subsequent liberation of the same territory, in addition to changes in the political status of Dalmatia, Dubrovnik and Istria. The traditional division of the country into counties was abolished in the 1920s, when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the subsequent Kingdom of Yugoslavia introduced <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">banovinas</a> respectively. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005429–429_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005429–429-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Communist-ruled Croatia, as a constituent part of post-WWII Yugoslavia, abolished earlier divisions and introduced (mostly rural) <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia" title="Municipalities of Croatia">municipalities</a>, subdividing Croatia into approximately one hundred municipalities. Counties were reintroduced in 1992 by legislation, significantly altered in terms of territory relative to the pre-1920s subdivisions—for instance, in 1918 the <a href="/wiki/Transleithania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transleithania">Transleithanian</a> part of Croatia was divided into eight counties with their seats in Bjelovar, Gospić, Ogulin, Požega, Vukovar, Varaždin, Osijek and Zagreb, while the 1992 legislation established 14 counties in the same territory. Međimurje County was established in the <a href="/wiki/Eponymous" class="mw-redirect" title="Eponymous">eponymous</a> region acquired through the 1920 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBiondich200011_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiondich200011-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CountiesAct1992_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CountiesAct1992-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The 1990 Croatian Constitution provided for a <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Croatia#Chamber_of_Counties" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Croatia">Chamber of the Counties</a> as part of the government, and for counties themselves without specifying their names or number.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the counties were not actually re-established until 1992,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first Chamber of the Counties was elected in 1993.)<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the counties were re-established in 1992, Croatia has been divided into 20 counties and the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, the latter having the authority and legal status of a county and a city at the same time (<a href="/wiki/Zagreb_County" title="Zagreb County">Zagreb County</a> outside the city is administratively separate as of 1997).<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The county borders have changed in some instances since (for reasons such as historical ties and requests by cities), with the latest revision taking place in 2006. The counties subdivide into 127 <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Croatia">cities</a> and 429 municipalities.<sup id="cite_ref-CountiesAct2006_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CountiesAct2006-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The EU <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics</a> (NUTS) <a href="/wiki/NUTS_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS of Croatia">division of Croatia</a> is performed in several tiers. NUTS 1 level places the entire country in a single unit, while there are three NUTS 2 regions; these are Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia, Northwest Croatia and Adriatic Croatia. The last encompasses all counties along the Adriatic coast. Northwest Croatia includes the city of Zagreb and Krapina-Zagorje, Varaždin, Koprivnica-Križevci, Međimurje and Zagreb counties, and the Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia includes the remaining areas—Bjelovar-Bilogora, Virovitica-Podravina, Požega-Slavonia, Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, Vukovar-Syrmia, Karlovac and Sisak-Moslavina counties.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Individual counties and the city of Zagreb represent NUTS 3 level subdivision units in Croatia. The NUTS <a href="/wiki/Local_administrative_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Local administrative unit">Local administrative unit</a> divisions are two-tiered. The LAU 1 divisions match the counties and the city of Zagreb—in effect making these the same as NUTS 3 units—while the LAU 2 subdivisions correspond to the cities and municipalities of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="position: relative; ;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:502px"><div style="position:relative;width:500px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Counties_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Croatian counties and county capitals. Zagreb is capital of the Zagreb County enveloping the city of Zagreb"><img alt="Map of Croatian counties and county capitals. Zagreb is capital of the Zagreb County enveloping the city of Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Counties_of_Croatia.svg/500px-Counties_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="484" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Counties_of_Croatia.svg/750px-Counties_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Counties_of_Croatia.svg/1000px-Counties_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1062" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.206%;left:67.402%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Požega"><img alt="Požega" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega,_Croatia" title="Požega, Croatia">Požega</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.567%;left:62.99%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Virovitica"><img alt="Virovitica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a 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title="Koprivnica"><img alt="Koprivnica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Koprivnica" title="Koprivnica">Koprivnica</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.812%;left:49.02%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Čakovec"><img alt="Čakovec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.638%;left:47.549%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Varaždin"><img alt="Varaždin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" 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style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Pazin"><img alt="Pazin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.56%;left:19.363%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Rijeka"><img alt="Rijeka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.939%;left:42.327%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zagreb"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div 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typeof="mw:File"><span title="Vukovar"><img alt="Vukovar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.02%;left:72.274%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Slavonski Brod"><img alt="Slavonski Brod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Slavonski_Brod" title="Slavonski Brod">Slavonski Brod</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.893%;left:36.046%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Karlovac"><img alt="Karlovac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.495%;left:73.668%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dubrovnik"><img alt="Dubrovnik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.022%;left:49.077%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Split"><img alt="Split" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.263%;left:41.171%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Šibenik"><img alt="Šibenik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.066%;left:31.366%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Zadar"><img alt="Zadar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.965%;left:48.121%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sisak"><img alt="Sisak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a></b></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.922%;left:33.426%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gospić"><img alt="Gospić" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87" title="Gospić">Gospić</a></b></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Counties_of_Croatia.svg" title="File:Counties of Croatia.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Counties of Croatia</div></div></div> </div> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="margin-top:7px; margin-right:0px; text-align:left; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">County</a></th> <th>Seat</th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bjelovar-Bilogora_County" title="Bjelovar-Bilogora County">Bjelovar-Bilogora</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bjelovar" title="Bjelovar">Bjelovar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">2,652</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">119,743 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brod-Posavina_County" title="Brod-Posavina County">Brod-Posavina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Slavonski_Brod" title="Slavonski Brod">Slavonski Brod</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">2,043</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">158,559 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik-Neretva_County" title="Dubrovnik-Neretva County">Dubrovnik-Neretva</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">1,783</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">122,783 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">2,820</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">208,440 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlovac_County" title="Karlovac County">Karlovac</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">3,622</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">128,749 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koprivnica-Kri%C5%BEevci_County" title="Koprivnica-Križevci County">Koprivnica-Križevci</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koprivnica" title="Koprivnica">Koprivnica</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">1,746</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">115,582 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krapina-Zagorje_County" title="Krapina-Zagorje County">Krapina-Zagorje</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Krapina" title="Krapina">Krapina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">1,224</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">133,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lika-Senj_County" title="Lika-Senj County">Lika-Senj</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87" title="Gospić">Gospić</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">5,350</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">51,022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_County" title="Međimurje County">Međimurje</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">730</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">114,414 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Osijek-Baranja_County" title="Osijek-Baranja County">Osijek-Baranja</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">4,152</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">304,899 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega-Slavonia_County" title="Požega-Slavonia County">Požega-Slavonia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega,_Croatia" title="Požega, Croatia">Požega</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">1,845</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">78,031 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Primorje-Gorski_Kotar_County" title="Primorje-Gorski Kotar County">Primorje-Gorski Kotar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">3,582</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">296,123 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik-Knin_County" title="Šibenik-Knin County">Šibenik-Knin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">2,939</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">109,320 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisak-Moslavina_County" title="Sisak-Moslavina County">Sisak-Moslavina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">4,463</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">172,977 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Split-Dalmatia_County" title="Split-Dalmatia County">Split-Dalmatia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">4,534</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">455,242 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin_County" title="Varaždin County">Varaždin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">1,261</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">176,046 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Virovitica-Podravina_County" title="Virovitica-Podravina County">Virovitica-Podravina</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virovitica" title="Virovitica">Virovitica</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">2,068</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">84,586 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vukovar-Srijem_County" title="Vukovar-Srijem County">Vukovar-Srijem</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">2,448</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">180,117 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zadar_County" title="Zadar County">Zadar</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">3,642</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">170,398 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_County" title="Zagreb County">Zagreb County</a></td> <td>Zagreb</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">3,078</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">317,642 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/City_of_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="City of Zagreb">City of Zagreb</a></td> <td>Zagreb</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">641</td> <td style="text-align:right;padding-right:2px">792,875 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urbanisation">Urbanisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Urbanisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Croatia">List of cities in Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_inhabited_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of inhabited islands of Croatia">List of inhabited islands of Croatia</a></div> <p>The average urbanisation rate in Croatia stands at 56%, with a growing urban population and shrinking rural population. The largest city and the nation's capital is Zagreb, with an urban population of 686,568 in the city itself. Zagreb's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> encompasses 341 additional settlements and, by the year 2001, the population of the area had reached 978,161; approximately 60% of Zagreb County's residents live in Zagreb's metropolitan area, as does about 41% of Croatia's urban population.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cities of Split and Rijeka are the largest settlements on the Croatian Adriatic coast, with each city's population being over 100,000. There are four other Croatian cities exceeding 50,000 people: Osijek, Zadar, <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a> and Slavonski Brod; the Zagreb <a href="/wiki/Zagreb#City_districts" title="Zagreb">district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sesvete" title="Sesvete">Sesvete</a>, which has the status of a <a href="/wiki/Naselje" class="mw-redirect" title="Naselje">standalone settlement</a> but not a city, also has such a large population. A further eleven cities are populated by more than 20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-cbs-2011-settle_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-2011-settle-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Croatia" title="Template:Largest cities of Croatia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Croatia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Croatia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Croatia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Croatia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Croatia</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">(2011 Census by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Croatia">Name</a> </th> <th>Counties </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zagreb_(30594984567).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zagreb"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg/120px-Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg/180px-Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg/240px-Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Split"><img alt="Split" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg/120px-Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg/180px-Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg/240px-Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">790,017 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijeka_riva_city.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rijeka"><img alt="Rijeka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rijeka_riva_city.png/120px-Rijeka_riva_city.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rijeka_riva_city.png/180px-Rijeka_riva_city.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rijeka_riva_city.png/240px-Rijeka_riva_city.png 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1160" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osijek_(29263092303).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Osijek"><img alt="Osijek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg/120px-Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg/180px-Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg/240px-Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Split-Dalmatia_County" title="Split-Dalmatia County">Split-Dalmatia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">178,102 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Primorje-Gorski_Kotar_County" title="Primorje-Gorski Kotar County">Primorje-Gorski Kotar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,624 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osijek-Baranja_County" title="Osijek-Baranja County">Osijek-Baranja</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">108,048 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zadar_County" title="Zadar County">Zadar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,062 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57,460 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slavonski_Brod" title="Slavonski Brod">Slavonski Brod</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brod-Posavina_County" title="Brod-Posavina County">Brod-Posavina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlovac_County" title="Karlovac County">Karlovac</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">55,705 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin_County" title="Varaždin County">Varaždin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,946 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik-Knin_County" title="Šibenik-Knin County">Šibenik-Knin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,332 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Europe" title="Geography of Europe">Geography of Europe</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Yearbook-2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yearbook-2011_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2011/SLJH2011.pdf">"Geographical and Meteorological Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia</i>. <b>43</b>. Croatian Bureau of Statistics: 41. December 2011. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1333-3305">1333-3305</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2011/SLJH2011.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Yearbook+of+the+Republic+of+Croatia&rft.atitle=Geographical+and+Meteorological+Data&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=41&rft.date=2011-12&rft.issn=1333-3305&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzs.hr%2FHrv_Eng%2Fljetopis%2F2011%2FSLJH2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/croatia">"Croatia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i> (2024 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ABC-CLIO. p. 1183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-420-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-420-2</bdi></a>. <q>Virtually the entire population of what remained of Hungary regarded the Treaty of Trianon as manifestly unfair, and agitation for revision began immediately.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+World+War+I&rft.pages=1183&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-420-2&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2YqjfHLyyj8C%26pg%3DPA1183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrucht2005">Frucht 2005</a>, p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bare_url-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bare_url_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bare_url_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1973" class="citation book cs1">Lane, Frederic Chapin (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC"><i>Venice, a Maritime Republic</i></a>. 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University of Zadar – Croatian Geographic Society: 187–224. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15291%2Fgeoadria.549">10.15291/geoadria.549</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1331-2294">1331-2294</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ABC-CLIO. pp. 198–202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-294-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-294-3"><bdi>978-1-57607-294-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GG833+Geography%3A+2002+External+Examination+Report&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Tasmainian+Secondary+Assessment+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tqa.tas.gov.au%2F4DCGI%2F_WWW_doc%2F006107%2FRND01%2FGG833_report_02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbs-2011-settle-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cbs-2011-settle_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs-2011-settle_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cbs-2011-settle_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuršićLasanStolnikMiler2011" class="citation journal cs1">Buršić, Ivana; Lasan, Ivana; Stolnik, Grozdana; Miler, Vlasta; Miloš, Ksenija; Škrebenc, Jadranka (2011). Ostroški, Ljiljana (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2011/SI-1441.pdf">"Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011, First Results by Settlements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Statistical Reports</i> (1441). Croatian Bureau of Statistics. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1333-1876">1333-1876</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/publication/2011/SI-1441.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Naklada Bošković. pp. 249–293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-263-034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-263-034-3"><bdi>978-953-263-034-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzic-ivan.info/hrvatska_povijest.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 8 August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sabor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202061135/http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?sec=404">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Croatian Geographic Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geografija.hr/clanci/1225/iseljavanje-hrvata-u-amerike-te-juznu-afriku">the original</a> on 25 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mvpei.hr/hmiu/tekst.asp?q=02hi-hi11">the original</a> on 13 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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University of Ljubljana. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/wwwrepe/20th/Migrations%20in%20the%20territory.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Index.hr. 28 June 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savez+udruga+Hrvata+iz+BiH+izabrao+novo+%C4%8Delni%C5%A1tvo&rft.pub=Index.hr&rft.date=2003-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.index.hr%2Fvijesti%2Fclanak%2Fsavez-udruga-hrvataiz-bih-izabrao-novo-celnistvo%2F145769.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PresidentRH-refugees-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PresidentRH-refugees_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101127220818/http://predsjednik.hr/29062010">"Benkovac"</a> (in Croatian). Office of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President of Croatia</a>. 29 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.predsjednik.hr/29062010">the original</a> on 27 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benkovac&rft.pub=Office+of+the+President+of+Croatia&rft.date=2010-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.predsjednik.hr%2F29062010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509061001/http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=23872">"Izviješće o provođenju ustavnog zakona o pravima nacionalnih manjina i utrošku sredstava osiguranih u državnom proračunu Republike Hrvatske za 2007. godinu za potrebe nacionalnih manjina"</a> [Report on Implementation of Constitutional Act on National Minority Rights and Expenditure of Funds Appropriated by the 2007 State Budget for Use by the National Minorities] (in Croatian). Sabor. 28 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=23872">the original</a> on 9 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Izvije%C5%A1%C4%87e+o+provo%C4%91enju+ustavnog+zakona+o+pravima+nacionalnih+manjina+i+utro%C5%A1ku+sredstava+osiguranih+u+dr%C5%BEavnom+prora%C4%8Dunu+Republike+Hrvatske+za+2007.+godinu+za+potrebe+nacionalnih+manjina&rft.pub=Sabor&rft.date=2008-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabor.hr%2FDefault.aspx%3Fart%3D23872&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census-2011-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census-2011_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_08/e01_01_08_RH.html">"Population by Mother Tongue, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census"</a>. <i>Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011</i>. 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Index.hr. 5 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istra%C5%BEivanje%3A+Tri+posto+visokoobrazovanih+ne+zna+niti+jedan+strani+jezik%2C+Hrvati+uglavnom+znaju+engleski&rft.pub=Index.hr&rft.date=2011-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.index.hr%2Fvijesti%2Fclanak%2Fistrazivanje-tri-posto-visokoobrazovanih-ne-zna-niti-jedan-strani-jezik-hrvati-uglavnom-znaju-engleski%2F545687.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2011-religion-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census2011-religion_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/E01_01_10/e01_01_10_RH.html">"Population by Religion, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census"</a>. <i>Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011</i>. 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Croatian Bureau of Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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World Bank. 10 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://go.worldbank.org/R62VSWTTU0">the original</a> on 16 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Poslovni dnevnik. 22 November 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/prosjecna-neto-placa-za-rujan-5397-kuna-191051.aspx">the original</a> on 27 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Croatian Geographic Society: 63–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21861%2FHGG.2005.67.01.04">10.21861/HGG.2005.67.01.04</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1331-5854">1331-5854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hrvatski+Geografski+Glasnik&rft.atitle=Apsolutna+decentralizacija+u+populacijskom+razvoju+Zagreba%C4%8Dke+aglomeracije&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-80&rft.date=2005-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21861%2FHGG.2005.67.01.04&rft.issn=1331-5854&rft.aulast=Ba%C5%A1i%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ksenija&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21861%252FHGG.2005.67.01.04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_06_01/E01_06_01.html">"Population in major towns and municipalities, 2018 census"</a>. <i>Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011</i>. Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>. December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+Population%2C+Households+and+Dwellings+2011&rft.atitle=Population+in+major+towns+and+municipalities%2C+2018+census&rft.date=2012-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzs.hr%2FEng%2Fcensuses%2Fcensus2011%2Fresults%2Fhtm%2Fe01_06_01%2FE01_06_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiondich2000" class="citation book cs1">Biondich, Mark (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZBgIIZ18WMC"><i>Stjepan Radić, the Croat Peasant Party, and the politics of mass mobilization, 1904–1928</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8294-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8294-7"><bdi>978-0-8020-8294-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stjepan+Radi%C4%87%2C+the+Croat+Peasant+Party%2C+and+the+politics+of+mass+mobilization%2C+1904%E2%80%931928&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8294-7&rft.aulast=Biondich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdZBgIIZ18WMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlakeTopalovićSchofield1996" class="citation book cs1">Blake, Gerald Henry; Topalović, Duško; Schofield, Clive H (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lLVFW0an7NUC"><i>The maritime boundaries of the Adriatic Sea</i></a>. IBRU. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-897643-22-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-897643-22-8"><bdi>978-1-897643-22-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+maritime+boundaries+of+the+Adriatic+Sea&rft.pub=IBRU&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-897643-22-8&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Gerald+Henry&rft.au=Topalovi%C4%87%2C+Du%C5%A1ko&rft.au=Schofield%2C+Clive+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlLVFW0an7NUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrucht2005" class="citation book cs1">Frucht, Richard C (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C"><i>Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6"><bdi>978-1-57607-800-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-800-6&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlVBB1a0rC70C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Croatia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Croatia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/214885">Croatia</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Croatia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatia_topics" title="Template talk:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origins of Croats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Medieval duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_city-states" title="Dalmatian city-states">Dalmatian city-states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Lower Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Croatia" title="Red Croatia">Red Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Medieval kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Slavonia" title="Ban of Slavonia">Ban of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Personal union with Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Venetian Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Habsburg kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Austrio-Hungarian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">'Independent State'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_(1995%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Croatia (1995–present)">Croatia since 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Croatia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Climate">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Croatia" title="List of extreme points of Croatia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Croatia" title="List of lakes of Croatia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Croatia" title="List of mammals of Croatia">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Croatia" title="List of protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Croatia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Croatia" title="List of political parties in Croatia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_brands" title="Croatian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_counties_by_GDP" title="List of Croatian counties by GDP">Gross domestic product (GDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Croatia" title="Industry of Croatia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatian_currency" title="History of Croatian currency">History of currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Bank" title="Croatian National Bank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_and_the_euro" title="Croatia and the euro">The euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Croatia" title="Privatization in Croatia">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Stock_Exchange" title="Zagreb Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Croatia" title="Category:Society of Croatia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Croatia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Croatia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats" title="Genetic studies on Croats">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages" title="Demographics of Croatia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Croatia" title="Women in Croatia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Croatia" title="National symbols of Croatia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_checkerboard" title="Croatian checkerboard">Checkerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Zvonimir" title="Crown of Zvonimir">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Croatia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Croatia">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_interlace" title="Croatian interlace">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_mottos" title="List of Croatian mottos">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Croatia" title="Outline of Croatia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Croatia" title="Category:Croatia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Europe" title="Template:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Europe" title="Geography of Europe">Geography of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Albania" title="Geography of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Andorra" title="Geography of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia" title="Geography of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belarus" title="Geography of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Belgium" title="Geography of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Geography of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Denmark" title="Geography of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia" title="Geography of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Finland" title="Geography of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece" title="Geography of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Italy" title="Geography of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Latvia" title="Geography of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Liechtenstein" title="Geography of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lithuania" title="Geography of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Luxembourg" title="Geography of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malta" title="Geography of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Montenegro" title="Geography of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Netherlands" title="Geography of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Macedonia" title="Geography of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Norway" title="Geography of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Poland" title="Geography of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Portugal" title="Geography of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_San_Marino" title="Geography of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovenia" title="Geography of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Spain" title="Geography of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden" title="Geography of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Switzerland" title="Geography of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Geography of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vatican_City" title="Geography of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Abkhazia" title="Geography of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kosovo" title="Geography of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_%C3%85land" title="Geography of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Geography of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Geography of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jersey" title="Geography of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Svalbard" title="Geography of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_European_Union" title="Geography of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climate_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Climate_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Europe" title="Climate of Europe">Climate of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Albania" title="Climate of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Armenia" title="Climate of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Estonia" title="Climate of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Finland" title="Climate of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_France" title="Climate of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Greece" title="Climate of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Hungary" title="Climate of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Iceland" title="Climate of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Italy" title="Climate of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Malta" title="Climate of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Norway" title="Climate of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Serbia" title="Climate of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Spain" title="Climate of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Sweden" title="Climate of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Climate of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Vatican_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Vatican City">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Kosovo" title="Climate of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Åland">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Gibraltar" title="Climate of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Guernsey" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Isle_of_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Svalbard" title="Climate of Svalbard">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_European_Union" title="Climate of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Danube" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Danube" title="Template:Danube"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Danube" title="Template talk:Danube"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Danube" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Danube"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Danube" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">The Danube</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Germany" title="Geography of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Austria" title="Geography of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Slovakia" title="Geography of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hungary" title="Geography of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Serbia" title="Geography of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bulgaria" title="Geography of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Moldova" title="Geography of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Ukraine" title="Geography of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Danubemap.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating the Danube"><img alt="Map indicating the Danube" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/120px-Danubemap.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/180px-Danubemap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Danubemap.png/240px-Danubemap.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulm" title="Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingolstadt" title="Ingolstadt">Ingolstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passau" title="Passau">Passau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%91r" title="Győr">Győr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smederevo" title="Smederevo">Smederevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruse,_Bulgaria" title="Ruse, Bulgaria">Ruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silistra" title="Silistra">Silistra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala%C8%9Bi" title="Galați">Galați</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reni,_Ukraine" title="Reni, Ukraine">Reni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izmail" title="Izmail">Izmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiliia" title="Kiliia">Kiliia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulcea" title="Tulcea">Tulcea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tributaries_of_the_Danube" title="List of tributaries of the Danube">Tributaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iller" title="Iller">Iller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_(river)" title="Lech (river)">Lech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regen_(river)" title="Regen (river)">Regen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isar" title="Isar">Isar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inn_(river)" title="Inn (river)">Inn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morava_(river)" title="Morava (river)">Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1h" title="Váh">Váh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hron" title="Hron">Hron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipe%C4%BE" title="Ipeľ">Ipeľ/Ipoly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisza" title="Tisza">Tisza/Tisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timiș (river)">Timiș/Tamiš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Morava" title="Great Morava">Great Morava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timok" title="Timok">Timok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiu_(river)" title="Jiu (river)">Jiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskar_(river)" title="Iskar (river)">Iskar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit_(river)" title="Vit (river)">Vit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olt_(river)" title="Olt (river)">Olt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osam" title="Osam">Osam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_(river)" title="Yantra (river)">Yantra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedea" title="Vedea">Vedea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge%C8%99_(river)" title="Argeș (river)">Argeș</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ialomi%C8%9Ba_(river)" title="Ialomița (river)">Ialomița</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siret_(river)" title="Siret (river)">Siret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prut" title="Prut">Prut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhine%E2%80%93Main%E2%80%93Danube_Canal" title="Rhine–Main–Danube Canal">Rhine–Main–Danube Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Black_Sea_Canal" title="Danube–Black Sea Canal">Danube–Black Sea Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breg_(river)" title="Breg (river)">Breg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigach" title="Brigach">Brigach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_of_the_Danube" title="Source of the Danube">Source</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Bend" title="Danube Bend">Danube Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube_Delta" title="Danube Delta">Danube Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Danube" title="List of islands in the Danube">List of islands in the Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the_Danube" title="List of crossings of the Danube">List of crossings of the Danube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_of_the_Danube_River" title="Internationalization of the Danube River">Internationalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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[\"CITEREFFrucht2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeka2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilbers2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngraoSzabo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvezićRaspudić2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJurković2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlemenčićTopalović2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraljević2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLampeJackson1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLončar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandić1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarkham1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMate_Matas2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMayer1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMooresFairbridge1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMrđenFriganović1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMužinić2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMužić2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNavone1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNejašmićToskić2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPamićRadonićPavić\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPavić2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPinterGrenerczyWeber2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlavac2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadovićČivićTopić2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiegesmund2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStankovianskyKotarba2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSurić2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSvjetlana_Tadić2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTari-Kovačić2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTasmainian_Secondary_Assessment_Board2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTutićLapaine2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVukosav2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhiteCulver2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZnaorPrettyMorrisonTodorović2005\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite CIA World Factbook\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 22,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 38,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 118,\n [\"Coord\"] = 16,\n [\"Country geography\"] = 1,\n [\"Croatia Yearbook 2013\"] = 1,\n [\"Croatia topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Croatian Census 2011\"] = 2,\n [\"Croatian counties\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Geography of Croatia\"] = 1,\n [\"Danube\"] = 1,\n [\"Euro\"] = 1,\n [\"Europe topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Excerpt\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Geography of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Largest cities of Croatia\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 3,\n [\"Legend inline\"] = 7,\n [\"Main\"] = 8,\n [\"N/a\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Update\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","560","31.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","13.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","160","8.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","6.7"],["dataWrapper 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