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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Santa Maria della Scala – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala_(Rom)" title="Santa Maria della Scala (Rom) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala (Rom)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Église Santa Maria della Scala – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Église Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_(Roma)" title="Chiesa di Santa Maria della Scala (Roma) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chiesa di Santa Maria della Scala (Roma)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Santa Maria della Scala – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Црква Санта Марија дела Скала – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Црква Санта Марија дела Скала" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="كنيسه سانتا ماريا ديلا سكالا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كنيسه سانتا ماريا ديلا سكالا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Santa Maria della Scala – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bci%C3%B3%C5%82_Matki_Bo%C5%BCej_ze_Schod%C3%B3w" title="Kościół Matki Bożej ze Schodów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kościół Matki Bożej ze Schodów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Santa Maria della Scala – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Санта-Мария-делла-Скала (Рим) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Санта-Мария-делла-Скала (Рим)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Santa Maria della Scala – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala" title="Santa Maria della Scala – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Santa Maria della Scala" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%B6%E6%A2%AF%E5%9C%A3%E6%AF%8D%E5%A0%82" title="阶梯圣母堂 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&params=41_53_28_N_12_28_04_E_scale:1000_type:landmark_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°53′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.89111°N 12.46778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.89111; 12.46778</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the hospital and museum in Siena, see <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Scala_(Siena)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria della Scala (Siena)">Santa Maria della Scala (Siena)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Church in Rome, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Santa Maria della Scala</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold">Church of Saint Mary of the Stairs</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold"><div class="nickname" lang="it">Chiesa di Santa Maria della Scala</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG/220px-Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG/330px-Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG/440px-Trastevere_-_santa_maria_della_scala_01586-9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Facade</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:1px #aaa solid"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_5b32e37e1b08630cd4abb850d32f8c8763c2f4e1"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&revid=1240891960&groups=_5b32e37e1b08630cd4abb850d32f8c8763c2f4e1" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&revid=1240891960&groups=_5b32e37e1b08630cd4abb850d32f8c8763c2f4e1 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Click on the map for a fullscreen view</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&params=41_53_28_N_12_28_04_E_scale:1000_type:landmark_region:IT"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°53′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">12°28′04″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.89111°N 12.46778°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.89111; 12.46778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Piazza della Scala 23, <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language(s)</th><td class="infobox-data language(s)">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Denomination</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Christian_tradition" title="Christian tradition">Tradition</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order#Christianity" title="Religious order">Religious order</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelites" title="Discalced Carmelites">Discalced Carmelites</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">History</th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1593</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dedication_of_churches" title="Dedication of churches">Dedication</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary, mother of Jesus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Architecture</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">1610</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:black; background-color:#FFCC99">Administration</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">Diocese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Rome" title="Diocese of Rome">Rome</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Santa Maria della Scala</b> (English: Mary of the Staircase) is a <a href="/wiki/Titular_church" title="Titular church">titular</a> <a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Rome" title="Churches of Rome">church in</a> <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy, located in the <a href="/wiki/Trastevere" title="Trastevere">Trastevere</a> rione. It is served by <a href="/wiki/Friars" class="mw-redirect" title="Friars">friars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Discalced_Carmelite_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Discalced Carmelite Order">Discalced Carmelite Order</a>. Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Simoni" title="Ernest Simoni">Ernest Simoni</a> took possession of the titular church on 11 February 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_(Rome).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_%28Rome%29.jpg/220px-Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_%28Rome%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_%28Rome%29.jpg/330px-Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_%28Rome%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_%28Rome%29.jpg/440px-Madonna_with_child_on_Santa_Maria_della_Scala_%28Rome%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="4768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Madonna_and_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna and Child">Madonna and Child</a> set into the wall</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The church Santa Maria della Scala is located on the square of the same name. It was built under the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_VIII" title="Pope Clement VIII">Pope Clement VIII</a> between 1593 and 1610 to house a miraculous icon of the Madonna. Tradition holds that a midwife with a dying child in her arms prayed under the stairs of a house where the image of the Madonna was present, and the child was immediately revived.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consecrated to Mary, mother of Jesus, the church enshrines that icon in the north transept, alongside a baroque statue of St <a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a>. The church was built on the site of a house once bequeathed to a <i>Casa Pia</i> founded by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> in 1563 for reformed prostitutes. In 1597, the church was granted to the Discalced Carmelites.<sup id="cite_ref-turismo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turismo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bronze statues of the Twelve Apostles were stolen from the sacristy during the Napoleonic era, and subsequently replaced by papier-mâché. </p><p>In 1849, during the last stages of the revolutionary <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(19th_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Republic (19th century)">Roman Republic</a>'s resistance to the invading French forces, Santa Maria della Scala was used as a hospital where <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a>'s soldiers, who were wounded fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Trastevere" title="Trastevere">Trastevere</a>, were treated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cardinal_protectors">Cardinal protectors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cardinal protectors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Paolo Savelli (February 1664 – January 1669)<sup id="cite_ref-gcath_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcath-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Buonaccorso Buonaccorsi (May 1670 – April 1678)<sup id="cite_ref-gcath_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcath-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Ginetti" title="Giovanni Francesco Ginetti">Giovanni Francesco Ginetti</a> (September 1681 – January 1682)<sup id="cite_ref-gcath_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gcath-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Johannes Walter Sluse (September 1686 Installed – †Jul 1687)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Colonna" title="Carlo Colonna">Carlo Colonna</a> (June 1706 – May 1715)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Falconieri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Falconieri (page does not exist)">Alessandro Falconieri</a> (1724–1734)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis of Spain">Luis Antonio Jaime de Borbón y Farnesio</a> (December 1735 - 18 December 1754)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Salviati" title="Gregorio Salviati">Gregorio Salviati</a> (Jul 1777 – September 1780)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospero_Caterini" title="Prospero Caterini">Prospero Caterini</a> (March 1853 – †October 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Theodoli" title="Augusto Theodoli">Augusto Theodoli</a> (June 1886 – †June 1892)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Maria_Gotti" title="Girolamo Maria Gotti">Girolamo Maria Gotti</a>, OCD (December 1895 – †March 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Laurenti" title="Camillo Laurenti">Camillo Laurenti</a> (June 1921 – †September 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Caro_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="José María Caro Rodríguez">José María Caro Rodríguez</a> (May 1946 – †December 1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_August_D%C3%B6pfner" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius August Döpfner">Julius August Döpfner</a> (December 1958 - †Jul 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Oviedo_Cavada" title="Carlos Oviedo Cavada">Carlos Oviedo Cavada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercedarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedarians">OdeM</a> (November 1994 – †December 1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thu%E1%BA%ADn" title="Nguyễn Văn Thuận">Nguyễn Văn Thuận</a> (February 2001 – September 2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Nagy" title="Stanisław Nagy">Stanisław Nagy</a> (October 2003 – June 2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Simoni" title="Ernest Simoni">Ernest Simoni</a> (November 2016 – )</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg/220px-Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg/330px-Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg/440px-Falda_-_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>Engraving of the church from c. 1670 (by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Falda" title="Giovanni Battista Falda">Giovanni Battista Falda</a>, who is buried in the church)</figcaption></figure> <p>The two-story <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> facade was completed in 1624. The Baroque Madonna and Child in the niche over the entrance was sculpted by Francesco di Cusart in 1633. In 1650, nearly fifty years after the buildings completion, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rainaldi" title="Carlo Rainaldi">Carlo Rainaldi</a> designed for the church a tempietto-shaped <a href="/wiki/Baldachino" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldachino">baldachino</a> with 16 slender <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jasper</a> <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian column">Corinthian columns</a> and a high altar.<sup id="cite_ref-turismo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turismo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four statues of the Evangelists were looted in 1849 and replaced by terracotta ones. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_maria_scala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Santa_maria_scala.jpg/260px-Santa_maria_scala.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Santa_maria_scala.jpg/390px-Santa_maria_scala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Santa_maria_scala.jpg/520px-Santa_maria_scala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Interior</figcaption></figure> <p>The interior has a nave with three chapels on each side. Its <a href="/wiki/Choir_(architecture)" title="Choir (architecture)">choir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nave_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nave (architecture)">nave</a> and north <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a>'s vaults are decorated with paintings intended to resemble moldings, whilst the south transept has actual <a href="/wiki/Stucco" title="Stucco">stucco</a> relief moldings. </p><p>Following a commission by <a href="/wiki/Infante_Luis_of_Spain" title="Infante Luis of Spain">Cardinal Luigi Antonio di Borbone Spagna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Pannini" title="Giuseppe Pannini">Giuseppe Pannini</a>, the son of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Panini" title="Giovanni Paolo Panini">Giovanni Paolo Pannini</a>, executed the ornately carved and gilded wooden two-tiered gallery for musicians or <i>cantoria</i> (ca. 1756) above the entrance of the church.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower gallery houses the <a href="/wiki/Pipe_organ" title="Pipe organ">pipe organ</a>, built by Carlo Vegezzi Bossi in 1908 (<i>opus 1282</i>) and equipped with 11 <a href="/wiki/Register_(organ)" class="mw-redirect" title="Register (organ)">registers</a> on a single manual and pedal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chapels">Chapels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Chapels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Chapel of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</i> – the first chapel on the left has a painting of the Carmelite <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stock" title="Simon Stock">Simon Stock</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cristoforo_Roncalli" title="Cristoforo Roncalli">Cristoforo Roncalli</a>.</li> <li><i>Chapel of the Assumption</i> – lawyer <a href="/wiki/Laerzio_Cherubini" title="Laerzio Cherubini">Laerzio Cherubini</a> had commissioned a painting from <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> suitable as an altarpiece for the second chapel on the left.<sup id="cite_ref-Langdon_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langdon-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hibbard_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbard-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_the_Virgin_(Caravaggio)" title="Death of the Virgin (Caravaggio)">Death of the Virgin</a>. Rumors held that Caravaggio had used a prostitute as a model for the dead virgin. The Carmelites rejected the painting, which was then purchased by <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_I_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua" title="Vincenzo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua">Vincenzo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua</a>. When Caravaggio's "Death of the Virgin" was rejected in 1606, it was <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Saraceni" title="Carlo Saraceni">Carlo Saraceni</a> who provided an acceptable substitute, which remains <i>in situ</i>. Above the altar is a statue of the <a href="/wiki/Infant_Jesus_of_Prague" title="Infant Jesus of Prague">Infant Jesus of Prague</a>.</li> <li><i>Chapel of the Crucifixion</i></li> <li><i>Chapel of St John the Baptist</i> – the first chapel on the right is dedicated to St John the Baptist. The altarpiece, the "Beheading of St. John the Baptist", is by <a href="/wiki/Gerrit_van_Honthorst" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrit van Honthorst">Gerrit van Honthorst</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-turismo_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-turismo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Chapel of St Hyacinth</i> – the second chapel on the right is dedicated to St Hyacinth; the altarpiece of "Our Lady with SS Hyacinth and Catherine of Siena" is by <a href="/wiki/Antiveduto_Grammatica" title="Antiveduto Grammatica">Antiveduto Grammatica</a>.</li> <li><i>Chapel of St Joseph</i> – the third chapel on the right contains <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Odazzi" title="Giovanni Odazzi">Giovanni Odazzi</a>'s <i>Dream of Joseph</i>.</li> <li><i>Chapel of Our Lady of the Stairs</i> – the left side transept holds the original miraculous icon.</li> <li><i>Chapel of the Relic</i> - left of the sanctuary, this chapel contains a <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a> of St <a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_Avila" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresa of Avila">Teresa of Avila</a>.</li> <li><i>Chapel of St Teresa of Jesus</i> – the right transept altar is dedicated to St Teresa of Avila.</li></ul> <p>San Giuseppe Hall houses a collection by <a href="/wiki/Tito_Sarrocchi" title="Tito Sarrocchi">Tito Sarrocchi</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa,_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The miraculous image of Madonna della Scala, Crowned by the Vatican Chapter in 1646 with decree from Pope Innocent X"><img alt="The miraculous image of Madonna della Scala, Crowned by the Vatican Chapter in 1646 with decree from Pope Innocent X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa%2C_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg/76px-Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa%2C_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa%2C_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg/115px-Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa%2C_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa%2C_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg/153px-Chiesa_di_Santa_Maria_della_Scala._Icona_Miracolosa%2C_Madonna_con_Bambino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="873" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The miraculous image of Madonna della Scala, Crowned by the Vatican Chapter in 1646 with decree from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Death of the Virgin, Carlo Saraceni"><img alt="Death of the Virgin, Carlo Saraceni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg/75px-Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg/112px-Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg/150px-Carlo_Saraceni_-_Mort_de_la_Vierge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="2543" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Death of the Virgin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Saraceni" title="Carlo Saraceni">Carlo Saraceni</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerrit_van_Hothorst,_Decollazione_del_Battista,_Roma,_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Decollazione del Battista, Gerrit van Hothorst"><img alt="Decollazione del Battista, Gerrit van Hothorst" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gerrit_van_Hothorst%2C_Decollazione_del_Battista%2C_Roma%2C_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg/74px-Gerrit_van_Hothorst%2C_Decollazione_del_Battista%2C_Roma%2C_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg" decoding="async" width="74" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gerrit_van_Hothorst%2C_Decollazione_del_Battista%2C_Roma%2C_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg/110px-Gerrit_van_Hothorst%2C_Decollazione_del_Battista%2C_Roma%2C_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Gerrit_van_Hothorst%2C_Decollazione_del_Battista%2C_Roma%2C_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg/147px-Gerrit_van_Hothorst%2C_Decollazione_del_Battista%2C_Roma%2C_Santa_Maria_della_Scala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Decollazione del Battista, Gerrit van Hothorst</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burials">Burials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Burials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Guadagni" title="Giovanni Antonio Guadagni">Giovanni Antonio Guadagni</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thu%E1%BA%ADn" title="Nguyễn Văn Thuận">Nguyễn Văn Thuận</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pharmacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 1600, the friars built a monastery next door famous for containing the Papal court's 17th century <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a> <i>(Antica Spezieria di Santa Maria della Scala)</i> on the second floor. The friars prepared their medicines with herbs from the attached garden. In the 18th century, the apothecary also began to train future pharmacists. In 1873 the convent and garden was confiscated by the government and the convent turned into a police station; the Carmelites retained the church. </p><p>The former pharmacy now houses a museum, containing the herbarium, and the original scales for weighing medicines, the machines for making pills, oil mills, mortars, and alembic stills.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The furnishings, shelves, showcases and counter are from the eighteenth century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Santa_Maria_della_Scala&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sapere.it&rft.atitle=Pannini%2C+Gius%C3%A9ppe+su+Enciclopedia+%7C+Sapere.it&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sapere.it%2Fenciclopedia%2FPannini%252C%2BGius%25C3%25A9ppe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+della+Scala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.beniculturali.it/detail/HistoricOrArtisticProperty/1200224933">"cantoria di Pannini Giuseppe (sec XVIII) cantoria, 1756 - 1756"</a>. <i>catalogo.beniculturali.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catalogo.beniculturali.it&rft.atitle=cantoria+di+Pannini+Giuseppe+%28sec+XVIII%29+cantoria%2C+1756+-+1756&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatalogo.beniculturali.it%2Fdetail%2FHistoricOrArtisticProperty%2F1200224933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+della+Scala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langdon-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Langdon_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangdon2000" class="citation book cs1">Langdon, Helen (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PHwNAAAACAAJ"><i>Caravaggio: A Life</i></a>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813337944" title="Special:BookSources/9780813337944"><bdi>9780813337944</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravaggio%3A+A+Life&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780813337944&rft.aulast=Langdon&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPHwNAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+della+Scala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hibbard-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hibbard_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHibbard1983" class="citation book cs1">Hibbard, Howard (1983). <i>Caravaggio</i> (1985 ed.). Oxford: Westview Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780064301282" title="Special:BookSources/9780064301282"><bdi>9780064301282</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Caravaggio&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=198&rft.edition=1985&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780064301282&rft.aulast=Hibbard&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+della+Scala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.postocd.org/biografia-giovanni-antonio-guadagni-cardinale">"Giovanni Antonio Guadagni (cardinal)"</a>. Postulazione Generale della Cause dei Santi Ordine Dei Carmelitani Scalzi.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giovanni+Antonio+Guadagni+%28cardinal%29&rft.pub=Postulazione+Generale+della+Cause+dei+Santi+Ordine+Dei+Carmelitani+Scalzi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.postocd.org%2Fbiografia-giovanni-antonio-guadagni-cardinale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASanta+Maria+della+Scala" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.italymagazine.com/dual-language/hidden-gems-italy-ancient-pharmacy-santa-maria-della-scala-rome">"Hidden gems of Italy: The Ancient Pharmacy of Santa Maria della Scala in Rome". <i>Italy Magazine</i></a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span 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