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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Soevereiniteit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soevereiniteit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slavernij" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slavernij"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Slavernij</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slavernij-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publicaties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publicaties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Publicaties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publicaties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Noten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Noten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Noten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Noten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jean Bodin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 52 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان بودان – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان بودان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان بودان – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان بودان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Boden" title="Jan Boden – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jan Boden" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Жан Бадэн – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жан Бадэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Жан Бадэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жан Бадэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Боден – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан Боден" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Ζαν Μποντέν – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν Μποντέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%86" title="ژان بودن – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان بودن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9F" title="ז'אן בודן – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן בודן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Ժան Բոդեն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժան Բոդեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3" title="ジャン・ボダン – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン・ボダン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჟან ბოდენი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟან ბოდენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Боден – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жан Боден" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B3%B4%EB%8C%95" title="장 보댕 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장 보댕" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Боден Жан – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Боден Жан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Bodinus" title="Ioannes Bodinus – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Bodinus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Боден, Жан – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Боден, Жан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Боден – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жан Боден" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Saterfries" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jin_Bodin" title="Jin Bodin – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Jin Bodin" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Bodin" title="Jean Bodin – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean Bodin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Жан Боден – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Jean_Bodin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jean_Bodin.jpg/260px-Jean_Bodin.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Jean_Bodin.jpg/390px-Jean_Bodin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Jean_Bodin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Portretgravure van Jean Bodin</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jean Bodin</b> (<a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, ca. 1530 – <a href="/wiki/Laon" title="Laon">Laon</a>, <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frans</a> <a href="/wiki/Politiek_filosoof" class="mw-redirect" title="Politiek filosoof">politiek filosoof</a> en magistraat. Hij introduceerde het begrip <a href="/wiki/Soevereiniteit" title="Soevereiniteit">soevereiniteit</a> als onderdeel van zijn theorie over <a href="/wiki/Absolutisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolutisme">absolute koningsmacht</a>. Ook schreef hij over <a href="/wiki/Economie" title="Economie">economie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Demonologie" title="Demonologie">demonologie</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soevereiniteit">Soevereiniteit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Soevereiniteit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Soevereiniteit"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In zijn belangrijkste werk, <i>Les six livres de la république</i> (1576), introduceerde Bodin het moderne <a href="/wiki/Soevereiniteit" title="Soevereiniteit">soevereiniteitsbegrip</a>. Hiermee legde hij de basis voor de theoretische grondslag van het <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchie" title="Absolute monarchie">absolutisme</a> en het moderne staatsgezag, wat mee de overgang van de <a href="/wiki/Middeleeuwen" title="Middeleeuwen">Middeleeuwen</a> naar de <a href="/wiki/Moderne_Tijd" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderne Tijd">Moderne Tijd</a> markeerde. De essentie van soevereiniteit was voor Bodin de <a href="/wiki/Wetgevende_macht" title="Wetgevende macht">macht om wetten te maken</a>, en niet zoals voorheen om recht te spreken.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daarmee trok hij een kwalitatief onderscheid tussen de koning en de feodale heren, die immers in hun <a href="/wiki/Heerlijkheid_(bestuursvorm)" title="Heerlijkheid (bestuursvorm)">heerlijkheden</a> ook over jurisdictie beschikten. </p><p>De uitwerking van het begrip soevereiniteit door Bodin moet begrepen worden tegen de achtergrond van de <a href="/wiki/Hugenotenoorlogen" title="Hugenotenoorlogen">Hugenotenoorlogen</a>. Om vrede en rust terug te brengen in de samenleving, meende Bodin net als <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Machiavelli</a> dat een sterk gezag nodig was. Voor Bodin was het de Franse koning die daartoe de absolute macht moest hebben, analoog aan de pauselijke <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plenitudo_potestatis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plenitudo potestatis (de pagina bestaat niet)">plenitudo potestatis</a></i>. Hij ging daarom in tegen de beperking van de koninklijke macht die de <a href="/wiki/Monarchomachen" title="Monarchomachen">monarchomachen</a> voor ogen hadden. Bodin stelde daar tegenover dat <i>soevereiniteit de absolute en eeuwige kracht van een staat is</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Absoluut stond hier voor de ondeelbare macht, niet beperkt door een extern hoger <a href="/wiki/Gezag" title="Gezag">gezag</a> of gedeeld met interne lagere instellingen. Eeuwig of onvervreemdbaar hield in dat lagere instellingen wel uitvoering konden geven aan zijn macht – door recht te spreken, ambtenaren te benoemen en belastingen te heffen –, maar dat hun bevoegdheden steeds herroepbaar waren. </p><p>Opmerkelijk is dat Bodin de soevereiniteit niet probeerde te <a href="/wiki/Legitimiteit_(politiek)" title="Legitimiteit (politiek)">legitimeren</a> met verdragen of principes als het <i><a href="/wiki/Droit_divin" title="Droit divin">droit divin</a></i>, het goddelijk recht dat vorsten zouden hebben. Het nam niet weg dat hij de soeverein onderworpen achtte aan het goddelijk en <a href="/wiki/Natuurrecht" title="Natuurrecht">natuurrecht</a>. Ook maakte hij binnen de monarchieën een onderscheid tussen het heerlijke type en het koninklijke type. In tegenstelling tot heerlijke monarchieën, die slechts door de <a href="/wiki/Hunnen" title="Hunnen">Hunnen</a> voet aan de grond hadden gekregen in Europa, respecteerden koninklijke monarchieën het <a href="/wiki/Eigendomsrecht" title="Eigendomsrecht">eigendomsrecht</a> en dus de vrijheid van de onderdanen. Het onderscheid tussen soevereine macht en eigendom was voor Bodin zo belangrijk, dat hij – niettegenstaande zijn absolutisme – stelde dat de koning geen <a href="/wiki/Belastingen" class="mw-redirect" title="Belastingen">belastingen</a> kon opleggen zonder instemming.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Slavernij">Slavernij</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Slavernij" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Slavernij"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jean Bodin was een van de eersten in Europa die zich actief tegen de <a href="/wiki/Slavernij" title="Slavernij">slavernij</a> verzette en uitliet. <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Condorcet" title="Nicolas de Condorcet">De Condorcet</a> zou dat later tijdens de <a href="/wiki/Verlichting_(stroming)" title="Verlichting (stroming)">Verlichting</a> verder concretiseren. Bodin reageerde op een situatie rond <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, waar het voor ondernemers moeilijk was te concurreren met bedrijven die produceerden met behulp van slaven. Dit was volgens hem niet goed voor de Franse natie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publicaties">Publicaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Publicaties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Publicaties"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg/260px-D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg/390px-D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg/520px-D%C3%A9monomanie_des_sorciers_Bodin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1298" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption>Titelpagina van <i>De la démonomanie des sorciers</i> (1580)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Oppiani de Venatione libri IIII</i> (1555)</li> <li><i>Oratio de instituenda in repub. juventute ad senatum populumque Tolosatem</i> (1559)</li> <li><i>Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem</i> (1566)</li> <li><i>Paradoxes de M. de Malestroit touchant le fait des monnaies et l'enrichissement de toutes choses</i> (<a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><i>Les six livres de la République</i> (6 boeken, Parijs, <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>)</li> <li><i>Iuris universi distibutio</i> (<a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>), systematisering van het <a href="/wiki/Romeins_recht" title="Romeins recht">Romeins recht</a> en reflextie op de essentie van het recht</li> <li><i>Réponse aux paradoxes de M. de Malestroict touchant l'enrichissement de toutes choses et le moyen d'y remédier</i>, (<a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>), waarin hij een verband vaststelt tussen de <a href="/wiki/Inflatie" title="Inflatie">stijging van de prijzen</a> in de <a href="/wiki/16e_eeuw" title="16e eeuw">16e eeuw</a> en de aanvoer van <a href="/wiki/Edelmetaal" title="Edelmetaal">edelmetaal</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Amerika_(werelddelen)" title="Amerika (werelddelen)">Amerika</a>, een werk dat van Bodin een van de eerste verdedigers van de theorie van <a href="/wiki/Mercantilisme" title="Mercantilisme">mercantilisme</a> maakte in <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a>.</li> <li><i>Démonomanie des sorciers</i> (<a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>, in het Frans), waarin hij het bestaan van tovenaars steunt.</li> <li><i>Apologie ou réponse pour la République de Bodin</i>, (Parijs, <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><i>Amphithéâtre de la nature</i> (<a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><i>Universae naturae theatrum</i> (<a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><i>Colloquium heptaplomeres</i>, werk geschreven in <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>, maar lange tijd slechts een manuscript gebleven, een dialoog waarin hij de verschillende religies bespreekt en lijkt de voorkeur te geven aan het <a href="/wiki/De%C3%AFsme" title="Deïsme">deïsme</a> ; dit werk werd pas in <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a> gepubliceerd, te <a href="/wiki/Leipzig" title="Leipzig">Leipzig</a>, door <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludwig_Noack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludwig Noack (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ludwig Noack</a>.</li></ul> <p>De <i>Œuvres</i> van Jean Bodin werden door de autoriteiten van het <a href="/wiki/Vaticaanstad" title="Vaticaanstad">Vaticaan</a> te <a href="/wiki/Rome_(stad)" title="Rome (stad)">Rome</a> in de <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Index Librorum Prohibitorum">Index Librorum Prohibitorum</a></i> opgenomen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Julian H. Franklin, <i>Jean Bodin and the Rise of Absolutist Theory</i>, 1973. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0521200008" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0521200008</a></li> <li>Yves Charles Zarka, <i>Jean Bodin. Nature, histoire, droit et politique</i>, 1996. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/2130673732" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 2130673732</a></li> <li>Howell A. Lloyd, <i>Jean Bodin. This Pre-Eminent Man of France. An Intellectual Biography</i>, 2017. <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9780198800149" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780198800149</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Noten">Noten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Noten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bodin&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Noten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rafe Blaufarb, <i>The Great Demarcation. The French Revolution and the Invention of Modern Property</i>, 2019, p. 21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>La souveraineté est la puissance absolue et perpétuelle d'une République.</i> Republiek is hier te begrijpen als het moderne begrip '<a href="/wiki/Staat_(politiek)" title="Staat (politiek)">staat</a>'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rafe Blaufarb, <i>The Great Demarcation. The French Revolution and the Invention of Modern Property</i>, 2019, p. 22</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie 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href="/wiki/Historisch_woordenboek_van_Zwitserland" title="Historisch woordenboek van Zwitserland">Historisch woordenboek van Zwitserland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/018707">018707</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/000000012134824X">0000 0001 2134 824X</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50010058">n50010058</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000043653&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000043653</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620385">00620385</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20010525095&CON_LNG=ENG">jn20010525095</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000054935&local_base=nsk10">000054935</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p318678977">318678977</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000021063">02-A000021063</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=CFIV038689">CFIV038689</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" 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class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59092656">59092656</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/59092656">59092656</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean_Bodin#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jean Bodin">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" 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