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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-MPs_retiring_in_1978" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MPs_retiring_in_1978"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>MPs retiring in 1978</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MPs_retiring_in_1978-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opinion_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Opinion polling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Electoral changes</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Summary of results</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Detailed_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Detailed_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Detailed results</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Detailed_results-sublist" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_electorate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Results by electorate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results_by_electorate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Results by electorate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Results_by_electorate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Map" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Map"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Map</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Map-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Summary_of_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary_of_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Summary of changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary_of_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">General election in New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:350px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1978 New Zealand general election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/50px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/75px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/100px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1975_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1975 New Zealand general election">1975</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>25 November 1978<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1978-11-25</span>)</span></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1981_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1981 New Zealand general election">1981</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/38th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="38th New Zealand Parliament">outgoing members</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/39th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="39th New Zealand Parliament">members</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />92 seats in the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">Parliament</a><br />47 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #00529F;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Muldoon_(blue_background).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Robert_Muldoon_%28blue_background%29.jpg/112px-Robert_Muldoon_%28blue_background%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Robert_Muldoon_%28blue_background%29.jpg/169px-Robert_Muldoon_%28blue_background%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Robert_Muldoon_%28blue_background%29.jpg/225px-Robert_Muldoon_%28blue_background%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="743" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #D82A20;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Rowling_1975_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Bill_Rowling_1975_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="82" data-file-height="109" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #CBE800;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruce_Craig_Beetham_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bruce_Craig_Beetham_%28cropped%29.jpg/112px-Bruce_Craig_Beetham_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bruce_Craig_Beetham_%28cropped%29.jpg/168px-Bruce_Craig_Beetham_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Bruce_Craig_Beetham_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Bruce_Craig_Beetham_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="439" data-file-height="586" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beetham" title="Bruce Beetham">Bruce Beetham</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_National_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand National Party leadership election">9 July 1974</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/1974_New_Zealand_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election">6 September 1974</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">14 May 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/T%C4%81maki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tāmaki (New Zealand electorate)">Tamaki</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tasman_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tasman (New Zealand electorate)">Tasman</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%ABkei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangitīkei (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitīkei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">55 seats, 47.6% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">32 seats, 39.6% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">0 seats, 7.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats before </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">54 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">32 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>51</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">40 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">680,991 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>691,076</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">274,756 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">39.8% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>40.4%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">16.1% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7.8% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.8% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8.7% </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg/350px-1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="505" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg/525px-1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg/700px-1978_New_Zealand_general_election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="2055" /></a></span><div>Results by electorate, shaded by winning margin</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Subsequent Prime Minister</b> <br /> <p>Robert Muldoon<br /> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1978 New Zealand general election</b> was a nationwide vote to elect the <a href="/wiki/39th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="39th New Zealand Parliament">39th New Zealand Parliament</a>. It saw the governing <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a>, retain office, but the opposition <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a> won the largest share of the vote. Reorganisation of the enrolment system caused major problems with the electoral rolls, which left a legacy of unreliable information about voting levels in this election. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a> had won a resounding victory in the <a href="/wiki/1975_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1975 New Zealand general election">1975 elections</a>, taking fifty-five of the eighty-seven seats and ousting the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour Party</a> from government. Labour had been led by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a>, who had assumed the post of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a> on the death in office of the popular <a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Norman Kirk</a>. Labour won the remaining thirty-two seats in that election, with no other parties gaining entry to Parliament. </p><p>Labour's Rowling had been criticised by many for inadequately countering Muldoon's confrontational style, and was widely perceived as "weak". Following Labour's defeat, there had been speculation about replacing Rowling as leader of the party, but Rowling retained his position. Gradually, as some people wearied of Muldoon's style, Rowling's more reserved manner was held up as an asset rather than a weakness, and Labour began to gain a certain amount of traction again. Economic troubles hurt the government, and its reputation had fallen. Muldoon remained a powerful opponent, however, and was regarded as a strong campaigner. </p><p>Not long before the 1978 election, a <a href="/wiki/1978_Rangitikei_by-election" title="1978 Rangitikei by-election">by-election in Rangitikei</a> caused considerable comment when it introduced a third party to Parliament: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beetham" title="Bruce Beetham">Bruce Beetham</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit Party</a>. Although other parties dismissed Social Credit's success as a fluke, Beetham predicted a great future for the party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MPs_retiring_in_1978">MPs retiring in 1978</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: MPs retiring in 1978"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five National MPs and three Labour MPs intended to retire at the end of the 38th Parliament. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Party</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Electorate</th> <th>Term of office</th> <th>Date announced </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color: #00529F"> </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gordon_(politician)" title="Peter Gordon (politician)">Peter Gordon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Clutha_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Clutha (New Zealand electorate)">Clutha</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1960–78</div></td> <td>28 October 1977<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Allan_McCready" title="Allan McCready">Allan McCready</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manawatu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manawatu (New Zealand electorate)">Manawatu</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1960–78</div></td> <td>8 August 1977<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ed_Latter" title="Ed Latter">Ed Latter</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Marlborough (New Zealand electorate)">Marlborough</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1975–78</div></td> <td>18 August 1978<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lapwood" title="Harry Lapwood">Harry Lapwood</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rotorua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rotorua (New Zealand electorate)">Rotorua</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1960–78</div></td> <td>18 August 1977<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ray_La_Varis" title="Ray La Varis">Ray La Varis</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taup%C5%8D_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taupō (New Zealand electorate)">Taupo</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1975–78</div></td> <td>4 November 1977<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color: #D82A20"> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martyn_Finlay" title="Martyn Finlay">Martyn Finlay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Henderson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Henderson (New Zealand electorate)">Henderson</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1946–49<br />1963–78</div></td> <td>25 May 1977<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roger_Drayton" title="Roger Drayton">Roger Drayton</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="St Albans (New Zealand electorate)">St Albans</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1969–78</div></td> <td>8 September 1977<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Blanchfield" title="Paddy Blanchfield">Paddy Blanchfield</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="West Coast (New Zealand electorate)">West Coast</a></td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">1960–78</div></td> <td>16 July 1977<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Sir <a href="/wiki/Stan_Whitehead" title="Stan Whitehead">Stanley Whitehead</a> MP for <a href="/wiki/Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Nelson (New Zealand electorate)">Nelson</a> had announced he would retire at the end of the term in 1978, due to ill-health, but he died on 9 January 1976 triggering <a href="/wiki/1976_Nelson_by-election" title="1976 Nelson by-election">a by-election</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polling">Opinion polling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Opinion polling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opinion_Polling_for_the_1978_General_New_Zealand_Election.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Opinion_Polling_for_the_1978_General_New_Zealand_Election.png/520px-Opinion_Polling_for_the_1978_General_New_Zealand_Election.png" decoding="async" width="520" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Opinion_Polling_for_the_1978_General_New_Zealand_Election.png 1.5x" data-file-width="656" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><sup id="cite_ref-pollednz_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pollednz-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:750px;font-size:90%;line-height:14px;text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:270px;" rowspan="2">Poll </th> <th style="width:200px;" rowspan="2">Date<sup id="cite_ref-dates_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dates-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Values_Party" title="Values Party">Values</a> </th> <th data-sort-type="number" style="width:40px;">Lead </th></tr> <tr> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#00529F; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#D82A20; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#CBE800; width:60px;"> </th> <th class="unsortable" style="color:inherit;background:#4BB805; width:60px;"> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#EFEFEF; font-weight:italic;"> <td><b>1978 election result</b></td> <td data-sort-value="1975-11-29">25 Nov 1978 </td> <td>39.82</td> <td style="background:#FFB6B6"><b>40.41</b></td> <td>16.07</td> <td>2.41</td> <td style="background:#FFB6B6"><b>0.59</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">18 Nov 1978 </td> <td>38</td> <td style="background:#FFB6B6">39</td> <td>20</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:#FFB6B6"><b>1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 Nov 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>44</b></td> <td>35</td> <td>17</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">28 Oct 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>45</b></td> <td>38</td> <td>14</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">30 Sep 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>44</b></td> <td>36</td> <td>17</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 Sep 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>44</b></td> <td>35</td> <td>16</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Aug 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>46</b></td> <td>39</td> <td>11</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Jul 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>46</b></td> <td>39</td> <td>12</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 Jul 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>47</b></td> <td>36</td> <td>14</td> <td>3</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>11</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Jun 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>45</b></td> <td>37</td> <td>15</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 May 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>43</b></td> <td>38</td> <td>16</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 May 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>40</b></td> <td>37</td> <td>16</td> <td>4</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>3</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Apr 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>39</b></td> <td>38</td> <td>18</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>1</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Mar 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>43</b></td> <td>33</td> <td>18</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>10</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 Mar 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>41</b></td> <td>31</td> <td>22</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Feb 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>45</b></td> <td>35</td> <td>14</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 Jan 1978 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>45</b></td> <td>37</td> <td>13</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Dec 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>47</b></td> <td>39</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>8</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NBR</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">1 Nov 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>48</b></td> <td>37</td> <td>9</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>11</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Oct 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>47</b></td> <td>40</td> <td>8</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Sep 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>46</b></td> <td>41</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Aug 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>48</b></td> <td>38</td> <td>9</td> <td>6</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>10</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Jun 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>48</b></td> <td>43</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>5</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 May 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>47</b></td> <td>40</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Feb 1977 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>46</b></td> <td>37</td> <td>10</td> <td>8</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>9</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TVNZ Heylen</td> <td data-sort-value="1975-02-15">15 Jun 1976 </td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>48</b></td> <td>39</td> <td>8</td> <td>5</td> <td style="background:#CCDDFF"><b>9</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_changes">Electoral changes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Electoral changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Problems">Problems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975 several reforms had been made to the electoral system. These included combining the re-enrolment process with the taking of the 1976 <a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">census</a> and replacing existing Justice Department registrars with electorate officers appointed from Post Office Staff. They would work in conjunction with Statistics Department and Electoral Office staff, and at the same time, a switch would be made from a manual to a computerised system. </p><p>A report completed in 1979 found that there had been poor liaison between the various departments involved, staff shortages and problems with the computer system. However, the main problem arose from the decision to combine re-enrolment with the 1976 census. Many voters had been confused by the need to re-enrol only a year after the previous election, and many had not bothered to fill out their forms. Census staff had not been given the authority to insist on the card being completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To avoid disenfranchising a significant portion of the electorate, the Chief Electoral Officer decided just to carry forward many old voter registrations in the hope that duplications and outdated enrolments would be purged later. However, not enough staff were provided to complete that in time, and by the time that the rolls closed, 35,000 forms remained unprocessed. </p><p>It has been estimated that as many as 460,000 enrolments may have been outdated or duplicates. Many voters (even candidates) found themselves enrolled in the wrong electorate or off the roll completely, and others were enrolled in multiple electorates or several times in the same electorate. That means that accurate figures for electoral turnout are impossible to determine, and other figures may not be reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson2003187–188,_191–193_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson2003187–188,_191–193-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_redistribution">Electoral redistribution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electoral redistribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1977 electoral redistribution was the most overtly political since the Representation Commission had been established by an amendment to the <i>Representation Act</i> in 1886, initiated by Muldoon's <a href="/wiki/Third_National_Government_of_New_Zealand" title="Third National Government of New Zealand">National Government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie19898–9,_51,_119_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie19898–9,_51,_119-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That a large number of people failed to fill out an electoral re-registration card had little practical effect for the electoral redistribution for people on the general roll, but it transferred <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> to the general roll if the card was not handed in. Together with a northward shift of New Zealand's population, that resulted in five new electorates having to be created in the upper part of the <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The electoral redistribution was very disruptive, and 22 electorates were abolished (see list below), and 27 electorates were newly created or re-established. In the North Island, fifteen electorates were newly created (<a href="/wiki/Albany_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Albany (New Zealand electorate)">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Cape_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Cape (New Zealand electorate)">East Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Eastern Hutt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helensville_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Helensville (New Zealand electorate)">Helensville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Horowhenua (New Zealand electorate)">Horowhenua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hunua (New Zealand electorate)">Hunua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaimai_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaimai (New Zealand electorate)">Kaimai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matamata_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Matamata (New Zealand electorate)">Matamata</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C4%81riu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōhāriu (New Zealand electorate)">Ōhāriu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papakura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papakura (New Zealand electorate)">Papakura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papatoetoe_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papatoetoe (New Zealand electorate)">Papatoetoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pencarrow_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pencarrow (New Zealand electorate)">Pencarrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangiriri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangiriri (New Zealand electorate)">Rangiriri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarawera_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tarawera (New Zealand electorate)">Tarawera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Te_Atat%C5%AB_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Te Atatū (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatū</a>) and six electorates were re-created (<a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaipara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)">Kaipara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taranaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taranaki (New Zealand electorate)">Taranaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waipa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waipa (New Zealand electorate)">Waipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitakere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitakere (New Zealand electorate)">Waitakere</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waitotara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitotara (New Zealand electorate)">Waitotara</a>). In the South Island, two electorates were newly created (<a href="/wiki/Otago_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Otago (New Zealand electorate)">Otago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yaldhurst_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Yaldhurst (New Zealand electorate)">Yaldhurst</a>) and four electorates were re-created (<a href="/wiki/Ashburton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ashburton (New Zealand electorate)">Ashburton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Fendalton (New Zealand electorate)">Fendalton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a>). The changes came into effect for the 1978 election.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989115–120_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989115–120-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_election">The election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The election was held on 25 November. There were 2,489,510 people officially registered to vote in the elections, making the election the first one in which there were more than two million registered voters. However, the electoral roll in 1978 was significantly out of date and contained numerous duplicate entries. The cause of this confusion was a major redistribution of electoral boundaries, which had been implemented the year before. The actual number of potential voters is estimated to have been about 2,100,000, and actual turnout is estimated to have been about 80% (as compared to the official turnout of only 68.70%), slightly lower than the turnout for the previous election. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Summary_of_results">Summary of results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Summary of results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1978 election saw the National Party win fifty-one seats in parliament, a majority of several seats. This allowed it to retain power. The Labour Party won forty seats. The Social Credit Party retained the Rangitikei seat, which it had won in a by-election shortly before the election. No other parties won seats, and there were no successful independent candidates. </p><p>While National won a majority of seats in parliament, it did not actually win a majority of the vote. Labour received the highest number of votes, winning slightly more than forty percent. National, by contrast, won slightly less than forty percent. Social Credit, despite winning only one seat, actually received around sixteen percent of the vote. The election night result had National with more seats, but many seats had small majorities and it was conceivable that if special votes overturned enough electorates Labour could form a government.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately this did not eventuate however. </p><p>While the <a href="/wiki/Hunua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hunua (New Zealand electorate)">Hunua</a> electorate was initially won by <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Douglas_(politician)" title="Malcolm Douglas (politician)">Malcolm Douglas</a> (Labour), the result was overturned by the High Court and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a> (National) became the MP for Hunua.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985193,_226_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985193,_226-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detailed_results">Detailed results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Detailed results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NewZealandElectorates1978.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/NewZealandElectorates1978.png/400px-NewZealandElectorates1978.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="391" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/NewZealandElectorates1978.png/600px-NewZealandElectorates1978.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/NewZealandElectorates1978.png 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Party_totals">Party totals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Party totals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1978_nz_parliament.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1978_nz_parliament.svg/360px-1978_nz_parliament.svg.png" decoding="async" width="360" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1978_nz_parliament.svg/540px-1978_nz_parliament.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/1978_nz_parliament.svg/720px-1978_nz_parliament.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th align="center">Candidates </th> <th align="right">Total votes </th> <th align="right">Percentage </th> <th align="center">Seats won </th> <th align="center">Change </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #00529F;" data-sort-value="New Zealand National Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a> </td> <td align="center">92 </td> <td align="center">680,991 </td> <td align="center">39.82 </td> <td align="center"><b>51</b> </td> <td align="center">-4 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #D82A20;" data-sort-value="New Zealand Labour Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a> </td> <td align="center">92 </td> <td align="center">691,076 </td> <td align="center">40.41 </td> <td align="center"><b>40</b> </td> <td align="center">+8 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #CBE800;" data-sort-value="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit</a> </td> <td align="center">92 </td> <td align="center">274,756 </td> <td align="center">16.07 </td> <td align="center"><b>1</b> </td> <td align="center">+1 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #4BB805;" data-sort-value="Values Party"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Values_Party" title="Values Party">Values</a> </td> <td align="center">92 </td> <td align="center">41,220 </td> <td align="center">2.41 </td> <td align="center"><b>0</b> </td> <td align="center">±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #964B00;" data-sort-value="National Socialist Party of New Zealand"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_New_Zealand" title="National Socialist Party of New Zealand">National Socialist</a> </td> <td align="center">1 </td> <td align="center">22 </td> <td align="center">0.00 </td> <td align="center"><b>-</b> </td> <td align="center">±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 2px; color:inherit; background-color: #DCDCDC;" data-sort-value="Independent politician"> </td> <td scope="row" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td align="center">53 </td> <td align="center">22,130 </td> <td align="center">1.29 </td> <td align="center"><b>0</b> </td> <td align="center">±0 </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>Total </td> <td align="center">421 </td> <td align="center">1,710,173 </td> <td align="center"> </td> <td align="center"><b>92</b> </td> <td align="center">+5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Votes_summary">Votes summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Votes summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular Vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>Labour</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#D82A20; width:40.41%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">40.41%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">National</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#00529F; width:39.82%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">39.82%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Social Credit</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CBE800; width:16.07%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.07%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Values</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#4BB805; width:2.41%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.41%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Independents</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DCDCDC; width:1.29%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.29%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Parliament seats</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><b>National</b></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#00529F; width:55.43%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">55.43%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Labour</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#D82A20; width:43.48%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">43.48%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Social Credit</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#CBE800; width:1.09%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.09%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results_by_electorate">Results by electorate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Results by electorate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tables below shows the results of the 1978 general election: </p><p><b>Key</b> </p><p><span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#00529F"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National</a></span> <span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#D82A20"> </span> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Labour_Party" title="New Zealand Labour Party">Labour</a></span> <span class="legend nowrap" style="page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;border:1px solid black;background-color:#CBE800"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(New_Zealand)" title="Social Credit Party (New Zealand)">Social Credit</a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Electorate results for the 1978 New Zealand general election </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <th>Electorate </th> <th colspan="2">Incumbent </th> <th colspan="2">Winner </th> <th>Majority </th> <th colspan="2">Runner up </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><b>General electorates</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Albany_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Albany (New Zealand electorate)">Albany</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Don_McKinnon" title="Don McKinnon">Don McKinnon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,159 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">David Rankin </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ashburton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ashburton (New Zealand electorate)">Ashburton</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Rob_Talbot" title="Rob Talbot">Rob Talbot</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3.005 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">John Srhoy </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)">Auckland Central</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Prebble" title="Richard Prebble">Richard Prebble</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,284 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Maire Cole </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Avon_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Avon (New Zealand electorate)">Avon</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Batchelor" title="Mary Batchelor">Mary Batchelor</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">8,215 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Tom George </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Awarua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Awarua (New Zealand electorate)">Awarua</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Rex_Austin" title="Rex Austin">Rex Austin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,450 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Bill Devine </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Islands</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Neill_Austin" title="Neill Austin">Neill Austin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,682 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">William Guy McPherson </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birkenhead_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Birkenhead (New Zealand electorate)">Birkenhead</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Jim_McLay" title="Jim McLay">Jim McLay</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,534 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Rex Stanton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christchurch Central (New Zealand electorate)">Christchurch Central</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Barclay" title="Bruce Barclay">Bruce Barclay</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,947 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Gwen Clucas </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clutha_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Clutha (New Zealand electorate)">Clutha</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gordon_(politician)" title="Peter Gordon (politician)">Peter Gordon</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Gray_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Robin Gray (New Zealand politician)">Robin Gray</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,427 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">F A O'Connell </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunedin Central (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin Central</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Brian_MacDonell" title="Brian MacDonell">Brian MacDonell</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,413 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">M B Ablett </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dunedin_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin North (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin North</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walls" title="Richard Walls">Richard Walls</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Rodger" title="Stan Rodger">Stan Rodger</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,850 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Walls" title="Richard Walls">Richard Walls</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Cape_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Cape (New Zealand electorate)">East Cape</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_MacIntyre_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Duncan MacIntyre (New Zealand politician)">Duncan MacIntyre</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,533 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">O P Drabble </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Bays_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Coast Bays (New Zealand electorate)">East Coast Bays</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gill_(politician)" title="Frank Gill (politician)">Frank Gill</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,566 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Colleen Hicks </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Eastern Hutt</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#FFBAA8;"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_Young" title="Trevor Young">Trevor Young</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,373 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Young" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosemary Young">Rosemary Young</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eden_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Eden (New Zealand electorate)">Eden</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Aussie_Malcolm" title="Aussie Malcolm">Aussie Malcolm</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">648 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/John_Hinchcliff" title="John Hinchcliff">John Hinchcliff</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Fendalton (New Zealand electorate)">Fendalton</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holland" title="Eric Holland">Eric Holland</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,956 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">David Close<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohan200467_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohan200467-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Gisborne (New Zealand electorate)">Gisborne</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bell_(politician)" title="Bob Bell (politician)">Bob Bell</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">213 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Wallbank" title="Allan Wallbank">Allan Wallbank</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_East_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton East (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton East</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Shearer" title="Ian Shearer">Ian Shearer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,361 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Lois Welch </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hamilton West (New Zealand electorate)">Hamilton West</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Minogue" title="Mike Minogue">Mike Minogue</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,006 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Jelicich" title="Dorothy Jelicich">Dorothy Jelicich</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hastings_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hastings (New Zealand electorate)">Hastings</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fenton" title="Bob Fenton">Bob Fenton</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/David_Butcher" title="David Butcher">David Butcher</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">334 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Bob Fenton </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hauraki_(New_Zealand_general_electorate)" title="Hauraki (New Zealand general electorate)">Hauraki</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ececec;">New electorate </td> <td style="background-color:#00529F;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCDDFF;"><b><a href="/wiki/Leo_Schultz" title="Leo Schultz">Leo Schultz</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,019 </td> <td style="background-color:#CBE800;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">Gordon Miller </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hawkes_Bay_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate)">Hawkes Bay</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Harrison_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Richard Harrison (New Zealand politician)">Richard Harrison</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,908 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Mike Cullen </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Helensville_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Helensville (New Zealand electorate)">Helensville</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Dail_Jones" title="Dail Jones">Dail Jones</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,199 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Elder_(politician)" title="Jack Elder (politician)">Jack Elder</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Heretaunga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Heretaunga (New Zealand electorate)">Heretaunga</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Bailey_(politician)" title="Ron Bailey (politician)">Ron Bailey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,744 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">John Ward </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Horowhenua (New Zealand electorate)">Horowhenua</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Thompson_(politician)" title="Geoff Thompson (politician)">Geoff Thompson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">744 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Alan Charles Eyles </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hunua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hunua (New Zealand electorate)">Hunua</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Peters" title="Winston Peters">Winston Peters</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">192 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Douglas_(politician)" title="Malcolm Douglas (politician)">Malcolm Douglas</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Invercargill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)">Invercargill</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Jones_(politician)" title="Norman Jones (politician)">Norman Jones</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">256 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Begg" title="Aubrey Begg">Aubrey Begg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Island_Bay_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Island Bay (New Zealand electorate)">Island Bay</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_O%27Brien" title="Gerald O'Brien">Gerald O'Brien</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Frank_O%27Flynn" title="Frank O'Flynn">Frank O'Flynn</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">650 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Bill Nathan<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaimai_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaimai (New Zealand electorate)">Kaimai</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Townshend" title="Bruce Townshend">Bruce Townshend</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,476 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Douglas Conway </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaipara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)">Kaipara</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Wilkinson_(politician)" title="Peter Wilkinson (politician)">Peter Wilkinson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">520 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Nevern McConachy<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1999208_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1999208-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kapiti_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kapiti (New Zealand electorate)">Kapiti</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Brill" title="Barry Brill">Barry Brill</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">23 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Shields" title="Margaret Shields">Margaret Shields</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/King_Country_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="King Country (New Zealand electorate)">King Country</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bolger" title="Jim Bolger">Jim Bolger</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,770 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Leo Menefy </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyttelton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Lyttelton (New Zealand electorate)">Lyttelton</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Dewe" title="Colleen Dewe">Colleen Dewe</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Hercus" title="Ann Hercus">Ann Hercus</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,423 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Colleen Dewe </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manawatu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manawatu (New Zealand electorate)">Manawatu</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Allan_McCready" title="Allan McCready">Allan McCready</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cox_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Michael Cox (New Zealand politician)">Michael Cox</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,913 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Trevor_de_Cleene" title="Trevor de Cleene">Trevor de Cleene</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mangere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangere (New Zealand electorate)">Mangere</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/David_Lange" title="David Lange">David Lange</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">6,263 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Peter Saunders </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manurewa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manurewa (New Zealand electorate)">Manurewa</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Merv_Wellington" title="Merv Wellington">Merv Wellington</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Douglas" title="Roger Douglas">Roger Douglas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,467 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Peter O'Brien </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Marlborough (New Zealand electorate)">Marlborough</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Latter" title="Ed Latter">Ed Latter</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Kidd" title="Doug Kidd">Doug Kidd</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">323 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Brooks" title="Ian Brooks">Ian Brooks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Matamata_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Matamata (New Zealand electorate)">Matamata</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Luxton" title="Jack Luxton">Jack Luxton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,407 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">David Mawdsley </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Miramar_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Miramar (New Zealand electorate)">Miramar</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Bill Young (New Zealand politician)">Bill Young</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">315 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Jeffries" title="Bill Jeffries">Bill Jeffries</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mt_Albert_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mt Albert (New Zealand electorate)">Mt Albert</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Freer" title="Warren Freer">Warren Freer</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,861 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ryan_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Ryan (mayor)">Frank Ryan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Napier_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Napier (New Zealand electorate)">Napier</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Christie" title="Gordon Christie">Gordon Christie</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,927 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Kevin Rose </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Nelson (New Zealand electorate)">Nelson</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Mel_Courtney" title="Mel Courtney">Mel Courtney</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,239 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Malone_(mayor)" title="Peter Malone (mayor)">Peter Malone</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Lynn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Lynn (New Zealand electorate)">New Lynn</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hunt_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Jonathan Hunt (New Zealand politician)">Jonathan Hunt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,390 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Jacky Bridges </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Plymouth_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="New Plymouth (New Zealand electorate)">New Plymouth</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Friedlander" title="Tony Friedlander">Tony Friedlander</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">112 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Dennis Duggan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="North Shore (New Zealand electorate)">North Shore</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/George_Gair" title="George Gair">George Gair</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,650 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Gene Leckey </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Onehunga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Onehunga (New Zealand electorate)">Onehunga</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Rogers_(politician)" title="Frank Rogers (politician)">Frank Rogers</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,417 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Barrie_Hutchinson" title="Barrie Hutchinson">Barrie Hutchinson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ohariu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohariu (New Zealand electorate)">Ohariu</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Templeton" title="Hugh Templeton">Hugh Templeton</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,958 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Helene_Ritchie" title="Helene Ritchie">Helene Ritchie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otago_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Otago (New Zealand electorate)">Otago</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Cooper" title="Warren Cooper">Warren Cooper</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,722 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">R J Rutherford </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otahuhu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Otahuhu (New Zealand electorate)">Otahuhu</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Tizard" title="Bob Tizard">Bob Tizard</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,762 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Ray Ah Chee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pahiatua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pahiatua (New Zealand electorate)">Pahiatua</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/John_Falloon" title="John Falloon">John Falloon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">6,675 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">P M A Hills </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pakuranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pakuranga (New Zealand electorate)">Pakuranga</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#DCDCDC"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Downie" title="Gavin Downie">Gavin Downie</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Pat_Hunt" title="Pat Hunt">Pat Hunt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,111 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Elsa Smith </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palmerston_North_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)">Palmerston North</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/John_Lithgow_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Lithgow (New Zealand politician)">John Lithgow</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walding" title="Joe Walding">Joe Walding</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,736 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/John_Lithgow_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Lithgow (New Zealand politician)">John Lithgow</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papakura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papakura (New Zealand electorate)">Papakura</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Merv_Wellington" title="Merv Wellington">Merv Wellington</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,622 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Braybrooke" title="Geoff Braybrooke">Geoff Braybrooke</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papanui_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papanui (New Zealand electorate)">Papanui</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Walker_(politician)" title="Bert Walker (politician)">Bert Walker</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Moore_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Mike Moore (New Zealand politician)">Mike Moore</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,289 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Bert Walker </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Papatoetoe_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papatoetoe (New Zealand electorate)">Papatoetoe</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#FFBAA8;"><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Isbey" title="Eddie Isbey">Eddie Isbey</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,511 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Colin Bidois </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pencarrow_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pencarrow (New Zealand electorate)">Pencarrow</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#FFBAA8;"><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Colman" title="Fraser Colman">Fraser Colman</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,649 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Brett Newell </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Porirua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Porirua (New Zealand electorate)">Porirua</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Wall" title="Gerry Wall">Gerry Wall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,657 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Alan Perry </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rangiora_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangiora (New Zealand electorate)">Rangiora</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Quigley" title="Derek Quigley">Derek Quigley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,145 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Don McKenzie </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rangiriri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangiriri (New Zealand electorate)">Rangiriri</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Birch" title="Bill Birch">Bill Birch</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,276 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Robert Frederick McKee </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rangitikei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangitikei (New Zealand electorate)">Rangitikei</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#F2FFCC"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beetham" title="Bruce Beetham">Bruce Beetham</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,853 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Les_Gandar" title="Les Gandar">Les Gandar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Remuera_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Remuera (New Zealand electorate)">Remuera</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Allan_Highet" title="Allan Highet">Allan Highet</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,771 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Lee Goffin </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roskill_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Roskill (New Zealand electorate)">Roskill</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Faulkner" title="Arthur Faulkner">Arthur Faulkner</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,671 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/John_Banks_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Banks (New Zealand politician)">John Banks</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rotorua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rotorua (New Zealand electorate)">Rotorua</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lapwood" title="Harry Lapwood">Harry Lapwood</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Paul_East" title="Paul East">Paul East</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,020 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tapsell_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Peter Tapsell (New Zealand politician)">Peter Tapsell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Albans_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="St Albans (New Zealand electorate)">St Albans</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Drayton" title="Roger Drayton">Roger Drayton</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/David_Caygill" title="David Caygill">David Caygill</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,679 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Neil Russell </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="St Kilda (New Zealand electorate)">St Kilda</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Fraser_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Bill Fraser (New Zealand politician)">Bill Fraser</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,959 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Graeme Laing </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Colin_McLachlan" title="Colin McLachlan">Colin McLachlan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,232 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Woods_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Woods (mayor)">Bill Woods</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sydenham_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Sydenham (New Zealand electorate)">Sydenham</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/John_Kirk_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Kirk (New Zealand politician)">John Kirk</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">7,040 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Ian Wilson </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamaki (New Zealand electorate)">Tamaki</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Muldoon" title="Robert Muldoon">Robert Muldoon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">6,310 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Audie Cooke-Pennefather </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taranaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taranaki (New Zealand electorate)">Taranaki</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/David_Thomson_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Thomson (New Zealand politician)">David Thomson</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,573 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">K A Tracey </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarawera_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tarawera (New Zealand electorate)">Tarawera</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McLean_(politician)" title="Ian McLean (politician)">Ian Mclean</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,022 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/JJ_Stewart" title="JJ Stewart">JJ Stewart</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tasman_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tasman (New Zealand electorate)">Tasman</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowling" title="Bill Rowling">Bill Rowling</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,794 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Richardson" title="Ruth Richardson">Ruth Richardson</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taupo_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taupo (New Zealand electorate)">Taupo</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Ray_La_Varis" title="Ray La Varis">Ray La Varis</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Ridley_(engineer)" title="Jack Ridley (engineer)">Jack Ridley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">609 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Lesley A. Miller<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986284_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986284-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tauranga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)">Tauranga</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Keith_Allen_(politician)" title="Keith Allen (politician)">Keith Allen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,318 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Paul Hills </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Te_Atatu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Atatu (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatu</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bassett" title="Michael Bassett">Michael Bassett</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,819 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">W R Cross </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Timaru_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Timaru (New Zealand electorate)">Timaru</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8">Sir <a href="/wiki/Basil_Arthur" title="Basil Arthur">Basil Arthur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,183 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Bill Penno </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waikato_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waikato (New Zealand electorate)">Waikato</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Lance_Adams-Schneider" title="Lance Adams-Schneider">Lance Adams-Schneider</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,063 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Brian West<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton1988368_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton1988368-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waipa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waipa (New Zealand electorate)">Waipa</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Waring" title="Marilyn Waring">Marilyn Waring</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,906 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">John Kilbride </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wairarapa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wairarapa (New Zealand electorate)">Wairarapa</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Couch" title="Ben Couch">Ben Couch</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">837 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Allan Levett </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waitakere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitakere (New Zealand electorate)">Waitakere</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#FFBAA8;"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Maxwell_(politician)" title="Ralph Maxwell (politician)">Ralph Maxwell</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">2,016 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Haresnape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Haresnape (page does not exist)">Bill Haresnape</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Elworthy" title="Jonathan Elworthy">Jonathan Elworthy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,315 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Laney" title="Bill Laney">Bill Laney</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waitotara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitotara (New Zealand electorate)">Waitotara</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#CCDDFF;"><a href="/wiki/Venn_Young" title="Venn Young">Venn Young</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,109 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Edith Charteris </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wallace_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wallace (New Zealand electorate)">Wallace</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Talboys" title="Brian Talboys">Brian Talboys</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,324 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Jim Thomson </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wanganui_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanganui (New Zealand electorate)">Wanganui</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Russell_Marshall" title="Russell Marshall">Russell Marshall</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">3,102 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">John Rowan </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Central_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wellington Central (New Zealand electorate)">Wellington Central</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Comber" title="Ken Comber">Ken Comber</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">916 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Neville_Pickering" title="Neville Pickering">Neville Pickering</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="West Coast (New Zealand electorate)">West Coast</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Blanchfield" title="Paddy Blanchfield">Paddy Blanchfield</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Burke" title="Kerry Burke">Kerry Burke</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">5,647 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">George Ferguson </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Western Hutt</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lambert_(politician)" title="Bill Lambert (politician)">Bill Lambert</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/John_Terris" title="John Terris">John Terris</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">168 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Bill Lambert </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Whangarei_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whangarei (New Zealand electorate)">Whangarei</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#CCDDFF"><a href="/wiki/John_Elliott_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="John Elliott (New Zealand politician)">John Elliott</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,176 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Moyle" title="Colin Moyle">Colin Moyle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yaldhurst_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Yaldhurst (New Zealand electorate)">Yaldhurst</a> </td> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">New electorate </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold;background:#FFBAA8;"><a href="/wiki/Mick_Connelly" title="Mick Connelly">Mick Connelly</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">1,638 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">David Watson </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"><b><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Maori_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Maori (New Zealand electorate)">Eastern Maori</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Paraone_Reweti" title="Paraone Reweti">Paraone Reweti</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">7,400 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Monty Searancke </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northern_Maori_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Maori (New Zealand electorate)">Northern Maori</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Matiu_Rata" title="Matiu Rata">Matiu Rata</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">4,844 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Joe Toia </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Maori_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Maori (New Zealand electorate)">Southern Maori</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Whetu_Tirikatene-Sullivan" title="Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan">Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">9,180 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#00529F"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Charles Piharo Maitai </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Maori_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Maori (New Zealand electorate)">Western Maori</a> </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#D82A20"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:bold; background:#FFBAA8"><a href="/wiki/Koro_W%C4%93tere" title="Koro Wētere">Koro Wētere</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right">9,719 </td> <td style="width:5px; background:#CBE800"> </td> <td style="text-align:center">Gordon Pihema </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Table footnotes: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dates-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dates_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These are the survey dates of the poll, or if the survey dates are not stated, the date the poll was released.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The election of <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Douglas_(politician)" title="Malcolm Douglas (politician)">Malcolm Douglas</a> in Hunua was overturned by the Electoral Court on 24 May 1979</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gerald_O%27Brien" title="Gerald O'Brien">Gerald O'Brien</a> came third standing as <i>Independent Labour</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Shields" title="Margaret Shields">Margaret Shields</a> had initially been declared the winner but she lost 83 votes in a magisterial recount</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Map">Map</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Map"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewZealandElectorates1978-Labeled.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/NewZealandElectorates1978-Labeled.png" decoding="async" width="678" height="604" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="604" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary_of_changes">Summary of changes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Summary of changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For details about the winners of each individual electorate, see the article on the <a href="/wiki/39th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="39th New Zealand Parliament">39th Parliament</a>. </p> <ul><li><b>Electoral redistributions:</b> <ul><li>A major reconfiguration of electorates and their boundaries occurred in 1977. This resulted in twenty-two electorates being dissolved and twenty-seven new electorates being formed (a net gain of five electorates).</li> <li>The seats of <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Plenty (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Plenty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coromandel_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Coromandel (New Zealand electorate)">Coromandel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egmont_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Egmont (New Zealand electorate)">Egmont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Franklin (New Zealand electorate)">Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_Lynn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grey Lynn (New Zealand electorate)">Grey Lynn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henderson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Henderson (New Zealand electorate)">Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobson_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hobson (New Zealand electorate)">Hobson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Hutt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karori_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Karori (New Zealand electorate)">Karori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manukau_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Manukau (New Zealand electorate)">Manukau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oamaru_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Oamaru (New Zealand electorate)">Oamaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petone_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Petone (New Zealand electorate)">Petone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piako_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Piako (New Zealand electorate)">Piako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raglan_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Raglan (New Zealand electorate)">Raglan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rakaia_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rakaia (New Zealand electorate)">Rakaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccarton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Riccarton (New Zealand electorate)">Riccarton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodney_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rodney (New Zealand electorate)">Rodney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruahine_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ruahine (New Zealand electorate)">Ruahine</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Canterbury_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="South Canterbury (New Zealand electorate)">South Canterbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stratford_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Stratford (New Zealand electorate)">Stratford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitemata_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitemata (New Zealand electorate)">Waitemata</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wigram_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Wigram (New Zealand electorate)">Wigram</a> ceased to exist.</li> <li>The seats of <a href="/wiki/Albany_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Albany (New Zealand electorate)">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashburton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ashburton (New Zealand electorate)">Ashburton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Islands_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Bay of Islands (New Zealand electorate)">Bay of Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Cape_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="East Cape (New Zealand electorate)">East Cape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hutt_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Hutt (New Zealand electorate)">Eastern Hutt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fendalton_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Fendalton (New Zealand electorate)">Fendalton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_(New_Zealand_general_electorate)" title="Hauraki (New Zealand general electorate)">Hauraki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helensville_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Helensville (New Zealand electorate)">Helensville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horowhenua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Horowhenua (New Zealand electorate)">Horowhenua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunua_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Hunua (New Zealand electorate)">Hunua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaimai_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaimai (New Zealand electorate)">Kaimai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaipara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Kaipara (New Zealand electorate)">Kaipara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matamata_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Matamata (New Zealand electorate)">Matamata</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C4%81riu_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Ōhāriu (New Zealand electorate)">Ohariu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papakura_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papakura (New Zealand electorate)">Papakura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papatoetoe_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Papatoetoe (New Zealand electorate)">Papatoetoe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pencarrow_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Pencarrow (New Zealand electorate)">Pencarrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangiriri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Rangiriri (New Zealand electorate)">Rangiriri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selwyn_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Selwyn (New Zealand electorate)">Selwyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taranaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taranaki (New Zealand electorate)">Taranaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarawera_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tarawera (New Zealand electorate)">Tarawera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarawera_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Tarawera (New Zealand electorate)">Te Atatu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waipa_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waipa (New Zealand electorate)">Waipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitakere_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitakere (New Zealand electorate)">Waitakere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waitotara_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitotara (New Zealand electorate)">Waitotara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yaldhurst_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Yaldhurst (New Zealand electorate)">Yaldhurst</a> came into being.</li></ul></li> <li><b>Seats captured:</b> <ul><li>By Labour: <i>Hastings</i>, <i>Lyttelton</i>, <i>Manurewa</i>, <i>Palmerston North</i>, <i>Papanui</i>, <i>Taupo</i>, and <i>Western Hutt</i> were captured from National.</li> <li>By National: None</li> <li>By Social Credit: None</li></ul></li> <li><b>Seats transferred from departing MPs to new MPs:</b> <ul><li>The seats of <i>Clutha</i>, <i>Manawatu</i>, <i>Marlborough</i>, <i>Pakuranga</i>, and <i>Rotorua</i>, all held by departing National MPs, were won by new National candidates.</li> <li>The seats of <i>Dunedin North</i>, <i>Island Bay</i>, <i>St Albans</i>, and <i>West Coast</i>, all held by departing Labour MPs, were won by new Labour candidates.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19771029.2.10">"Mr Gordon to call it a day"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 29 October 1977. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Mr+Gordon+to+call+it+a+day&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1977-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19771029.2.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19770809.2.10">"Minister of Defence to retire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 9 August 1977. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Minister+of+Defence+to+retire&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1977-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19770809.2.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19780819.2.25">"Marlborough's M.P. not standing again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 19 August 1978. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Marlborough%E2%80%99s+M.P.+not+standing+again&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1978-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19780819.2.25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19770819.2.4">"Tourism Minister to retire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 19 August 1977. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Tourism+Minister+to+retire&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1977-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19770819.2.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19771104.2.86.9">"Taupo M.P. to go"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 4 November 1977. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Taupo+M.P.+to+go&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1977-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19771104.2.86.9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMentiplay1977" class="citation news cs1">Mentiplay, Cedric (25 May 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19770525.2.11">"Dr Finlay to end long stint in Parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Dr+Finlay+to+end+long+stint+in+Parliament&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1977-05-25&rft.aulast=Mentiplay&rft.aufirst=Cedric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19770525.2.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19770909.2.17">"Tribute paid to retiring M.P."</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 9 September 1977. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Tribute+paid+to+retiring+M.P.&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1977-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19770909.2.17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19770716.2.124">"The man who works for the West"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 16 July 1977. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=The+man+who+works+for+the+West&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1977-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19770716.2.124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Former Speaker of House is Dead". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Evening_Post_(New_Zealand)" title="The Evening Post (New Zealand)">The Evening Post</a></i>. 9 January 1976. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Evening+Post&rft.atitle=Former+Speaker+of+House+is+Dead&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1976-01-09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pollednz-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pollednz_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polled.co.nz/historicalpollingdata.php">"Historical Pollling Data 1974–2021"</a>. Patrick Leyland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Pollling+Data+1974%E2%80%932021&rft.pub=Patrick+Leyland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polled.co.nz%2Fhistoricalpollingdata.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989119_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcRobie1989">McRobie 1989</a>, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAtkinson2003187–188,_191–193-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAtkinson2003187–188,_191–193_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAtkinson2003">Atkinson 2003</a>, pp. 187–188, 191–193.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie19898–9,_51,_119-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie19898–9,_51,_119_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcRobie1989">McRobie 1989</a>, pp. 8–9, 51, 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989115–120-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcRobie1989115–120_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcRobie1989">McRobie 1989</a>, pp. 115–120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Labour's Hopes Get New Boost". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a></i>. 5 December 1978. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Labour%27s+Hopes+Get+New+Boost&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1978-12-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson1985193,_226-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson1985193,_226_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson1985">Wilson 1985</a>, pp. 193, 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBohan200467-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBohan200467_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBohan2004">Bohan 2004</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChapman1999208-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChapman1999208_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChapman1999">Chapman 1999</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986284-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGustafson1986284_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGustafson1986">Gustafson 1986</a>, p. 284.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENorton1988368-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENorton1988368_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNorton1988">Norton 1988</a>, p. 368.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1978_New_Zealand_general_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2003" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Neill (2003). <i>Adventures in Democracy: A History of the Vote in New Zealand</i>. Dunedin: University of Otago Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventures+in+Democracy%3A+A+History+of+the+Vote+in+New+Zealand&rft.place=Dunedin&rft.pub=University+of+Otago+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Neill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBohan2004" class="citation book cs1">Bohan, Edmund (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ijCGmSeVp6AC"><i>Burdon: a man of our time</i></a>. Hazard Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877270-90-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877270-90-1"><bdi>978-1-877270-90-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62718931">62718931</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burdon%3A+a+man+of+our+time&rft.pub=Hazard+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62718931&rft.isbn=978-1-877270-90-1&rft.aulast=Bohan&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DijCGmSeVp6AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Chapman_(academic)" title="Robert Chapman (academic)">Chapman, Robert</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ePH7cF14-nUC"><i>New Zealand Politics and Social Patterns: Selected Works</i></a>. Victoria University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780864733610" title="Special:BookSources/9780864733610"><bdi>9780864733610</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Politics+and+Social+Patterns%3A+Selected+Works&rft.pub=Victoria+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780864733610&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DePH7cF14-nUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChapman1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Chapman_(party_president)" title="George Chapman (party president)">Chapman, George</a> (1980). <i>The Years of Lightning</i>. Wellington: AH & AW Reed. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-589-01346-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-589-01346-7"><bdi>0-589-01346-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Years+of+Lightning&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=AH+%26+AW+Reed&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-589-01346-7&rft.aulast=Chapman&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGustafson1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Gustafson" title="Barry Gustafson">Gustafson, Barry</a> (1986). <i>The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party</i>. Auckland: Reed Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-474-00177-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-474-00177-6"><bdi>0-474-00177-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+50+Years+%3A+A+History+of+the+New+Zealand+National+Party&rft.place=Auckland&rft.pub=Reed+Methuen&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-474-00177-6&rft.aulast=Gustafson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRobie1989" class="citation book cs1">McRobie, Alan (1989). <i>Electoral Atlas of New Zealand</i>. Wellington: GP Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-477-01384-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-477-01384-8"><bdi>0-477-01384-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Electoral+Atlas+of+New+Zealand&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=GP+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-477-01384-8&rft.aulast=McRobie&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorton1988" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Clifford (1988). <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science</i>. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-475-11200-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-475-11200-8"><bdi>0-475-11200-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Election+Results+1946%E2%80%931987%3A+Occasional+Publications+No+1%2C+Department+of+Political+Science&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Victoria+University+of+Wellington&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-475-11200-8&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1985" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. <i>New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984</i> (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/154283103">154283103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Parliamentary+Record%2C+1840%E2%80%931984&rft.place=Wellington&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=V.R.+Ward%2C+Govt.+Printer&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F154283103&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=James+Oakley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1978+New+Zealand+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Elections in New Zealand">Elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand" title="Referendums in New Zealand">referendums in New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_New_Zealand" title="List of parliaments of New Zealand">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1853 New Zealand general election">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1855 New Zealand general election">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860%E2%80%931861_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1860–1861 New Zealand general election">1860–1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1866 New Zealand general election">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_M%C4%81ori_elections" title="First Māori elections">1868</a> <small>(First Māori elections)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1871 New Zealand general election">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875%E2%80%931876_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1875–1876 New Zealand general election">1875–1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1879 New Zealand general election">1879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1881 New Zealand general election">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1884 New Zealand general election">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1887 New Zealand general election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1890 New Zealand general election">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1893 New Zealand general election">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1896 New Zealand general election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1899 New Zealand general election">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1902 New Zealand general election">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1905 New Zealand general election">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1908 New Zealand general election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1911 New Zealand general election">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1914 New Zealand general election">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1919 New Zealand general election">1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1922 New Zealand general election">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1925 New Zealand general election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1928 New Zealand general election">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1931 New Zealand general election">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1935 New Zealand general election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1938 New Zealand general election">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1943 New Zealand general election">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1946 New Zealand general election">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1949 New Zealand general election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1951 New Zealand general election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1954 New Zealand general election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1957 New Zealand general election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1960 New Zealand general election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1963 New Zealand general election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1966 New Zealand general election">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1969 New Zealand general election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1972 New Zealand general election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1975 New Zealand general election">1975</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1981 New Zealand general election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1984 New Zealand general election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1987 New Zealand general election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1990 New Zealand general election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1993 New Zealand general election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1996 New Zealand general election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_general_election" title="1999 New Zealand general election">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2002 New Zealand general election">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2005 New Zealand general election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2008 New Zealand general election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2011 New Zealand general election">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2014 New Zealand general election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2017 New Zealand general election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2020 New Zealand general election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_general_election" title="2023 New Zealand general election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_New_Zealand_general_election" title="Next New Zealand general election"><i>Next</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_elections_in_New_Zealand" title="Local elections in New Zealand">Local elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1853_New_Zealand_provincial_elections" title="1853 New Zealand provincial elections">1853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2001 New Zealand local elections">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2004 New Zealand local elections">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2007 New Zealand local elections">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2010 New Zealand local elections">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2013 New Zealand local elections">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2016 New Zealand local elections">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2019 New Zealand local elections">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2022 New Zealand local elections">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_New_Zealand_local_elections" title="2025 New Zealand local elections">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_New_Zealand" title="Referendums in New Zealand">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliament-initiated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1894%E2%80%931987_New_Zealand_alcohol_licensing_referendums" title="1894–1987 New Zealand alcohol licensing referendums">1894–1987 (alcohol licensing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_gambling_referendum" title="1949 New Zealand gambling referendum">1949 (gambling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_military_training_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1949 New Zealand military training referendum">1949 (military training)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_New_Zealand_licensing_hours_referendum" title="1949 New Zealand licensing hours referendum">1949 (licensing hours)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_New_Zealand_parliamentary_term_referendum" title="1967 New Zealand parliamentary term referendum">1967 (parliamentary term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_New_Zealand_licensing_hours_referendum" title="1967 New Zealand licensing hours referendum">1967 (licensing hours)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_New_Zealand_parliamentary_term_referendum" title="1990 New Zealand parliamentary term referendum">1990 (parliamentary term)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_New_Zealand_voting_method_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1992 New Zealand voting method referendum">1992 (voting method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_New_Zealand_voting_method_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 New Zealand voting method referendum">1993 (voting method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_New_Zealand_pensions_referendum" title="1997 New Zealand pensions referendum">1997 (pension)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_New_Zealand_voting_system_referendum" title="2011 New Zealand voting system referendum">2011 (voting method)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_New_Zealand_flag_referendums" title="2015–2016 New Zealand flag referendums">2015–2016 (flag)</a></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_cannabis_referendum" title="2020 New Zealand cannabis referendum">cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_New_Zealand_euthanasia_referendum" title="2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum">euthanasia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Citizens-initiated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1995_New_Zealand_firefighter_referendum" title="1995 New Zealand firefighter referendum">1995 (firefighters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_justice_referendum" title="1999 New Zealand justice referendum">1999 (justice)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_New_Zealand_MP_reduction_referendum" title="1999 New Zealand MP reduction referendum">1999 (MP reduction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_New_Zealand_citizens-initiated_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 New Zealand citizens-initiated referendum">2009 (corporal punishment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_asset_sales_referendum" title="2013 New Zealand asset sales referendum">2013 (asset sales)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parliaments_of_New_Zealand" title="List of parliaments of New Zealand">Parliamentary makeups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Zealand_by-elections" title="List of New Zealand by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_supplementary_elections" title="New Zealand supplementary elections">Supplementary elections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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