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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-외부_링크" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#외부_링크"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>외부 링크</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-외부_링크-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="목차" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">광업</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 86개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynbou" title="Mynbou – 아프리칸스어" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mynbou" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="아프리칸스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau – 독일어(스위스)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="독일어(스위스)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería – 아라곤어" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="아라곤어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86" title="تعدين – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تعدين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="تامنجميت – 모로코 아랍어" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="تامنجميت" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="모로코 아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería – 아스투리아어" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="아스투리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99d%C9%99n" title="Mədən – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mədən" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%8D%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Тау эше – 바슈키르어" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау эше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="바슈키르어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горная справа – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Горная справа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горная справа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A8" title="খনন – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খনন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengleuz" title="Mengleuz – 브르타뉴어" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mengleuz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="브르타뉴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 보스니아어" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="보스니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineria" title="Mineria – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mineria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8F%99_%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%B4%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ – 체로키어" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᏙ ᎦᎴᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="체로키어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%9B%C5%BEba" title="Těžba – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Těžba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwyngloddio" title="Mwyngloddio – 웨일스어" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mwyngloddio" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="웨일스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minedrift" title="Minedrift – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Minedrift" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergbau" title="Bergbau – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bergbau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Μεταλλευτική – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεταλλευτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minado" title="Minado – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Minado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%C3%ADa" title="Minería – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Minería" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaevandamine" title="Kaevandamine – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaevandamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meatzaritza" title="Meatzaritza – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meatzaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="معدن‌کاری – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="معدن‌کاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaivannaistoiminta" title="Kaivannaistoiminta – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaivannaistoiminta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploitation_mini%C3%A8re" title="Exploitation minière – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Exploitation minière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mianad%C3%B3ireacht" title="Mianadóireacht – 아일랜드어" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mianadóireacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="아일랜드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_(jizman)" title="Min (jizman) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Min (jizman)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minar%C3%ADa" title="Minaría – 갈리시아어" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Minaría" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="갈리시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakar_ma%27adinai" title="Hakar ma'adinai – 하우사어" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hakar ma'adinai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="하우사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="כרייה – 히브리어" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כרייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="히브리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="खनन – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 크로아티아어" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1ny%C3%A1szat" title="Bányászat – 헝가리어" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bányászat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="헝가리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE" title="Հանքային գործ – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հանքային գործ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1mavinnsla" title="Námavinnsla – 아이슬란드어" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Námavinnsla" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="아이슬란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrazione_mineraria" title="Estrazione mineraria – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Estrazione mineraria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%89%B1%E6%A5%AD" title="鉱業 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鉱業" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainin" title="Mainin – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Mainin" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86" title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ – 칸나다어" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="칸나다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balweyth" title="Balweyth – 콘월어" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Balweyth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="콘월어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalleutice" title="Metalleutice – 라틴어" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Metalleutice" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="라틴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biergbau" title="Biergbau – 룩셈부르크어" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Biergbau" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="룩셈부르크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mienboew" title="Mienboew – 림버거어" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mienboew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="림버거어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnakasyba" title="Kalnakasyba – 리투아니아어" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalnakasyba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="리투아니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnr%C5%ABpniec%C4%ABba" title="Kalnrūpniecība – 라트비아어" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalnrūpniecība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="라트비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рударство – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ഖനനം – 말라얄람어" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഖനനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="말라얄람어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlombongan" title="Perlombongan – 말레이어" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perlombongan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="말레이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း – 버마어" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သတ္တုတွင်းလုပ်ငန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="버마어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mijnbouw" title="Mijnbouw – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mijnbouw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift – 노르웨이어(니노르스크)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(니노르스크)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvedrift" title="Gruvedrift – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gruvedrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ – 펀잡어" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖਾਣਕਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="펀잡어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3rnictwo" title="Górnictwo – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Górnictwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="د کانونو استخراج – 파슈토어" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د کانونو استخراج" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="파슈토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minera%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Mineração – 포르투갈어" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mineração" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="포르투갈어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerit" title="Minerit – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Minerit" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Горное дело – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горное дело" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 세르비아-크로아티아어" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="세르비아-크로아티아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining" title="Mining – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mining" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C3%ADctvo" title="Baníctvo – 슬로바키아어" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Baníctvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="슬로바키아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudarstvo" title="Rudarstvo – 슬로베니아어" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rudarstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="슬로베니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xehetaria" title="Xehetaria – 알바니아어" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xehetaria" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="알바니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Рударство – 세르비아어" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рударство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="세르비아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertambangan" title="Pertambangan – 순다어" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Pertambangan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="순다어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruvdrift" title="Gruvdrift – 스웨덴어" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gruvdrift" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="스웨덴어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchimbaji_madini" title="Uchimbaji madini – 스와힐리어" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchimbaji madini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="스와힐리어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="சுரங்கத் தொழில் – 타밀어" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுரங்கத் தொழில்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="타밀어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88" title="การทำเหมืองแร่ – 태국어" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การทำเหมืองแร่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="태국어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina – 타갈로그어" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="타갈로그어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madencilik" title="Madencilik – 튀르키예어" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Madencilik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="튀르키예어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Гірнича справа – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірнича справа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کان کنی – 우르두어" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کان کنی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="우르두어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon_sanoati" title="Kon sanoati – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kon sanoati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khai_th%C3%A1c_m%E1%BB%8F" title="Khai thác mỏ – 베트남어" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khai thác mỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="베트남어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagmimina" title="Pagmimina – 와라이어" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pagmimina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="와라이어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" title="采矿业 – 우어" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="采矿业" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="우어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMayini" title="IMayini – 코사어" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMayini" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="코사어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%87%E7%9F%BF%E4%B8%9A" 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href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>채광</b>은 여기로 연결됩니다. 채광(採光)에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B1%84%EA%B4%91_(%EC%A1%B0%EB%AA%85)" title="채광 (조명)">채광 (조명)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <div class="dablink hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EB%8F%99%EC%9D%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%98%EC%96%B4_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="위키백과:동음이의어 문서"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/23px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/35px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/46px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <b>채굴</b>은 여기로 연결됩니다. 암호화폐 용어에 대해서는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B1%84%EA%B5%B4_(%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90)" title="채굴 (암호화폐)">채굴 (암호화폐)</a> 문서를 참고하십시오.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Chuquicamata-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chuquicamata-002.jpg/300px-Chuquicamata-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chuquicamata-002.jpg/450px-Chuquicamata-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Chuquicamata-002.jpg/600px-Chuquicamata-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1369" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%A0%EB%A0%88" title="칠레">칠레</a>에 위치한 세계에서 두 번째로 큰 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="구리">구리</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%85%B8%EC%B2%9C%EC%B1%84%EA%B5%B4%EC%9E%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="노천채굴장 (없는 문서)">노천채굴장</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B6%94%ED%82%A4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A7%88%ED%83%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="추키카마타 (없는 문서)">추키카마타</a>(Chuquicamata)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg/220px-%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg/330px-%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg/440px-%EC%9E%91%EC%97%85_%EB%8C%80%EA%B8%B0_%EC%A4%91%EC%9D%B8_%EA%B0%95%EC%9B%90%EB%8F%84_%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91%EC%A7%80%EB%8C%80%EC%9D%98_%EA%B4%91%EC%9B%90%EB%93%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>작업 대기 중인 강원도 탄광지대의 광원들(1976)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r38501082">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AC%B8%ED%97%8C" title="위키문헌">위키문헌</a></b>에 이 글과<br />관련된 원문이 있습니다. <div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a href="https://ko.wikisource.org/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85%EB%B2%95_(%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD)" class="extiw" title="s:광업법 (대한민국)">광업법 (대한민국)</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p><b>광업</b>(鑛業, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">mining</span>)은 지하 또는 지표 상의 원석, 광맥, 광맥층으로부터 가치있는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC" title="광물">광물</a>을 캐고, 고르고 만드는 모든 산업 활동을 말한다. 대한민국 광업법 제4조에는 '광물의 탐광(探鑛) 및 채굴(採掘)과 이에 부속되는 선광(選鑛), 제련(製鍊), 기타의 사업을 말한다.'라고 정의하고 있다. 채굴을 통해 얻어지는 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B4%91%EB%AC%BC" title="광물">광물</a>에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="보크사이트">보크사이트</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%83%84" title="석탄">석탄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%A0" title="철">철</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B7%80%EA%B8%88%EC%86%8D" title="귀금속">귀금속</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A9" title="납">납</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9D%ED%9A%8C%EC%84%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="석회석">석회석</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8B%88%EC%BC%88" title="니켈">니켈</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%82%B0%EC%97%BC" title="인산염">인산염</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%94%EC%97%BC" title="암염">암염</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%84%9D_(%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C)" title="주석 (원소)">주석</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9A%B0%EB%9D%BC%EB%8A%84" title="우라늄">우라늄</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%B0%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C%EB%8D%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="몰리브덴">몰리브덴</a> 등등이 있다. 넓은 의미에서의 광업에는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%9C%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="원유">원유</a>나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0_%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="천연 가스">천연 가스</a>는 물론이고, 심지어 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물">물</a>의 채취까지도 포함된다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>고고학상 가장 오래된 광산은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="아프리카">아프리카</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%97%90%EC%8A%A4%EC%99%80%ED%8B%B0%EB%8B%88" title="에스와티니">에스와티니</a>에 있는 <b>라이언 케이브</b>(Lion Cave)로 알려져 있다. 이 곳은 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EC%82%AC%EC%84%B1%ED%83%84%EC%86%8C%EC%97%B0%EB%8C%80%EC%B8%A1%EC%A0%95%EB%B2%95" class="mw-redirect" title="방사성탄소연대측정법">방사성탄소연대측정법</a> 분석을 통해 약 43,000년 전의 것으로 밝혀졌다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EC%84%9D%EA%B8%B0_%EC%8B%9C%EB%8C%80" title="구석기 시대">구석기</a>인들은 이 곳에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EC%B2%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="주철">주철</a>이 함유된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%B2%A0%EA%B4%91" class="mw-redirect" title="적철광">적철광</a>을 채굴해 붉은색 황토원료를 만들어 냈다. 비슷한 시기에 <a href="/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%95%88%EB%8D%B0%EB%A5%B4%ED%83%88%EC%9D%B8" title="네안데르탈인">네안데르탈인</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%97%9D%EA%B0%80%EB%A6%AC" title="헝가리">헝가리</a> 지역에서 무기와 도구를 생산하기 위한 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%80%EC%8B%AF%EB%8F%8C" title="부싯돌">부싯돌</a>을 채굴하는 광산이 있었다. </p><p>또 다른 고대 채굴장으로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" title="시나이반도">시나이반도</a>를 들 수 있다. 이 곳의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EB%8C%80_%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%91%ED%8A%B8" title="고대 이집트">고대 이집트</a>인들은 Wady maghareh에서 <a href="/wiki/%ED%84%B0%ED%82%A4%EC%98%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="터키옥">터키옥</a>을 채굴하기도 했고, 지금의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a> <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%EB%A9%95%EC%8B%9C%EC%BD%94%EC%A3%BC" title="뉴멕시코주">뉴멕시코주</a>의 세릴로스 광산 지역(Cerillos Mining District)에서도 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4_%ED%86%A0%EC%B0%A9%EB%AF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="아메리카 토착민">아메리카 토착민</a>들이 <a href="/wiki/%ED%84%B0%ED%82%A4%EC%98%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="터키옥">터키옥</a>을 채굴한 역사가 있다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1627%EB%85%84" title="1627년">1627년</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="슬로바키아">슬로바키아</a> 중부의 광업도시인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%8B%88%EC%B0%A8" title="반스카슈티아브니차">반스카슈티아브니차</a>(<span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%AC%EB%A1%9C%EB%B0%94%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="슬로바키아어">슬로바키아어</a>: </span><span lang="sk">Banská Štiavnica</span>)에서는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%91%EC%83%89_%ED%99%94%EC%95%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="흑색 화약">흑색 화약</a>을 채굴하기 위해 최초로 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%B1%EB%8F%84" title="갱도">갱도</a>(坑道)를 이용했다. 독일에서는 세계 최초의 광산학교가 <a href="/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC" title="프라이베르크">프라이베르크</a>에 세워졌다. 독일의 베르크 아카데미(Bergakademie:광산학교)는 18세기 독일 지역 여러 곳(클라우슈탈-첼러펠트, 베를린 등)에 세워졌다. 이중 프라이베르크와 클라우슈탈-첼러펠트에 있는 것만 현재 계속 남아 있다. 이곳 출신의 많은 엔지니어들이 특히 러시아에 많이 초빙되어 가서 일했다. 프랑스에서도 독일의 베르크 아카데미를 모범으로 하여 1783년에 국립광산학교(École des Mines) 가 문을 열었다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%AD_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%8D%B8" title="페르낭 브로델">페르낭 브로델</a> (1995). 〈제6장 기술의 보급: 혁명과 지체〉. 《물질문명과 자본주의Ⅰ-2 일상생활의 구조 下》. 주경철 옮김. 서울: 까치. 618~619쪽. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/89-7291-084-8" title="특수:책찾기/89-7291-084-8"><bdi>89-7291-084-8</bdi></a>. <q>… 1783년에 문을 연 국립광산학교(École des Mines)는 베르크 아카데미(Bergakademie:광산학교)*의 모범을 따른 것으로서, 이 학교는 작센의 오래된 광업 중심지인 프라이베르크에 1765년에 만들어졌고, 이곳 출신의 많은 엔지니어들이 특히 러시아에 많이 초빙되어가서 일했다. … * 독일의 광업학교(Hochschule). 18세기 독일 지역 여러 곳(클라우슈탈-첼러펠트, 베를린 등)에 세워졌다. 이중 클라우슈탈-첼러펠트와 프라이베르크에 있는 것만 현재 계속 남아 있다. 1756년에 프라이베르크에 세워진 것은 세계 최초의 광산학교이다.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%EC%A0%9C6%EC%9E%A5+%EA%B8%B0%EC%88%A0%EC%9D%98+%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%89%3A+%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%BC+%EC%A7%80%EC%B2%B4&rft.btitle=%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%88%EB%AC%B8%EB%AA%85%EA%B3%BC+%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%E2%85%A0-2+%EC%9D%BC%EC%83%81%EC%83%9D%ED%99%9C%EC%9D%98+%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0+%E4%B8%8B&rft.place=%EC%84%9C%EC%9A%B8&rft.pages=618~619&rft.pub=%EA%B9%8C%EC%B9%98&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=89-7291-084-8&rft.au=%ED%8E%98%EB%A5%B4%EB%82%AD+%EB%B8%8C%EB%A1%9C%EB%8D%B8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fko.wikipedia.org%3A%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%83%90%EA%B4%91" title="탐광">탐광</a></li> <li><span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8F%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B7%B8%EB%A3%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="포레스트 그룹 (없는 문서)">포레스트 그룹</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest_Group" class="extiw" title="en:Forrest Group">영어판</a>)</span></span> <ul><li><span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%ED%8F%AC%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="조지 아서 포레스트 (없는 문서)">조지 아서 포레스트</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Arthur_Forrest" class="extiw" title="en:George Arthur Forrest">영어판</a>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%86%8C_%EB%8B%A4%EB%A1%9C" title="아소 다로">아소 다로</a> <ul><li><span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EC%86%8C%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아소탄광 (없는 문서)">아소탄광</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E7%94%9F%E9%89%B1%E6%A5%AD" class="extiw" title="ja:麻生鉱業">일본어판</a>)</span></span></li> <li><span title="대상 항목은 아직 없습니다. 신규 작성, 또는 다른 언어로부터의 번역이 필요합니다.]"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%95%84%EC%86%8C%ED%83%84%EA%B4%91_%EA%B0%95%EC%A0%9C%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99_%EB%85%BC%EB%9E%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="아소탄광 강제노동 논란 (없는 문서)">아소탄광 강제노동 논란</a><span style="font-size: 0.77em; font-weight: normal;" class="noprint">(<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aso_Mining_forced_labor_controversy" class="extiw" title="en:Aso Mining forced labor controversy">영어판</a>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="외부_링크"><span id=".EC.99.B8.EB.B6.80_.EB.A7.81.ED.81.AC"></span>외부 링크</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%91%EC%97%85&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 외부 링크"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r38501082" /><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r36480595" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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