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href="/VimalaRamachandran/mentions"><div class="stat-container"><p class="label">Mentions</p><p class="data">876</p></div></a><span><div class="stat-container"><p class="label"><span class="js-profile-total-view-text">Public Views</span></p><p class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="user-bio-container"><div class="profile-bio fake-truncate js-profile-about" style="margin: 0px;">Advocate and qualitative researcher in elementary education, girls education and adult women's empowerment.<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5458017" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95558450/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92589314/Formative_study_to_enhance_the_understanding_about_reasons_for_smooth_transition_among_boys_and_girls_to_secondary_schools">Formative study to enhance the understanding about reasons for smooth transition among boys and girls to secondary schools</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VimalaRamachandran">Vimala Ramachandran</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KameshwariJandhyala">Kameshwari Jandhyala</a></span></div><div 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Tribal Development Report</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523799"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523799"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523799; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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})(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523799]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523799,"title":"Educational Situation of Scheduled Tribes in India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Routledge India","publication_name":"Tribal Development 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92523798/The_position_of_teachers_in_our_education_system_1">The position of teachers in our education system 1</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. Unfortunately the debat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. Unfortunately the debate on teachers and their centrality to the public education system is highly polarised. There is a large community of administrators, researchers and writers who have taken to regular ‘teacher- bashing’ and there are an equally vocal community that takes a contrary view. The purpose of this short article is to try and understand the way teachers are positioned in our system and why and how this is an important cause for concern.Approximately 42 per cent of government elementary schools have only one or two teachers for the elementary grades. However, the teachers are not equipped to effectively conduct multi- grade teaching despite clear policy directives at the national level. The NCF 2005 suggests considerable planning is required on the part of teachers to address multi-grade situations — however, the teacher education process still treats multi-grade situation as an anomaly</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="372aa6af381f8b43f5455be58aae8357" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95510502,"asset_id":92523798,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95510502/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523798"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523798]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92523798']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 92523798, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "372aa6af381f8b43f5455be58aae8357" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523798]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523798,"title":"The position of teachers in our education system 1","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. 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The NCF 2005 suggests considerable planning is required on the part of teachers to address multi-grade situations — however, the teacher education process still treats multi-grade situation as an anomaly","publisher":"Azim Premji University","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. Unfortunately the debate on teachers and their centrality to the public education system is highly polarised. There is a large community of administrators, researchers and writers who have taken to regular ‘teacher- bashing’ and there are an equally vocal community that takes a contrary view. The purpose of this short article is to try and understand the way teachers are positioned in our system and why and how this is an important cause for concern.Approximately 42 per cent of government elementary schools have only one or two teachers for the elementary grades. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92523797"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92523797/What_awaits_our_teachers_when_schools_reopen"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What awaits our teachers when schools reopen" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95510500/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92523797/What_awaits_our_teachers_when_schools_reopen">What awaits our teachers when schools reopen</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It has been almost two years since schools closed. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disastrous imp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It has been almost two years since schools closed. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disastrous impact on children and teachers. The governments, state and central, have started waking up to the enormous damage done by school closures. While there is some discussion on the inherent inequality of online schooling, what is missing is a serious discussion on what awaits our teachers when they return to school. In an earlier essay on the reopening of schools after the pandemic (Learning Curve, December 2020), I outlined some of the challenges that teachers and educational administrators face. We now have a lot more information on the impact of school closures on children, the precarious existence of contract teachers, job losses in private schools and the immense pressure on teachers to teach online or through WhatsApp, distributing worksheets, running mohalla classes and contacting children at home</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e0746014a11100a15aa148e70dd8a6a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95510500,"asset_id":92523797,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95510500/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523797"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523797; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523797]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523797; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92523797']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 92523797, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e0746014a11100a15aa148e70dd8a6a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523797]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523797,"title":"What awaits our teachers when schools reopen","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It has been almost two years since schools closed. 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We now have a lot more information on the impact of school closures on children, the precarious existence of contract teachers, job losses in private schools and the immense pressure on teachers to teach online or through WhatsApp, distributing worksheets, running mohalla classes and contacting children at home","publisher":"Azim Premji University","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":12,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"It has been almost two years since schools closed. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disastrous impact on children and teachers. The governments, state and central, have started waking up to the enormous damage done by school closures. While there is some discussion on the inherent inequality of online schooling, what is missing is a serious discussion on what awaits our teachers when they return to school. In an earlier essay on the reopening of schools after the pandemic (Learning Curve, December 2020), I outlined some of the challenges that teachers and educational administrators face. 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This phenomenon dates back to the DPEP days (1994 onwards) when there was a massive push through of the project to strengthen in-service teacher training. As a result, state project offices hired experts to design training modules for teachers. What was interesting is that even during the DPEP days no one really cared to find out what is it that teachers need, what is it that they want and what is the best method to deliver it</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="675f43787adcd7b3e2f672d736fe5724" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95510499,"asset_id":92523796,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95510499/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523796"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523796; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523796]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523796]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523796; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92523796']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 92523796, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "675f43787adcd7b3e2f672d736fe5724" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523796]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523796,"title":"The elephant in the room that we refuse to acknowledge","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"For several decades now most in-service teacher training initiatives have focused on subject-knowledge – euphemistically called hard spots. 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Here are a few that has been reiterated in almost every policy statement:Introduce flexible school timings and region- specific school calendar –– especially in tribal areas. Create a pool of teachers from the tribal communities and encourage more people to become teachers... (Kothari Commission 1968, NPE 1986, Bhuria 1 and Debar Commissions 2 on Tribal areas); in particular tribal commissions specifically recommended that the government “pay special attention to pedagogical and linguistic aspects of tribal education, focused programme to develop and train teachers in the tribal areas, provide mid-day meals, clothing and books and most importantly calibrate the school calendar to suit the social rhythm of tribal communities... 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78285435"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78285435/The_Right_to_Education_Bill_and_Its_Implications_for_Elementary_Education"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Right to Education Bill and Its Implications for Elementary Education" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78285435/The_Right_to_Education_Bill_and_Its_Implications_for_Elementary_Education">The Right to Education Bill and Its Implications for Elementary Education</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Education can act as a powerful tool for reducing poverty and unemployment, improving health and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Education can act as a powerful tool for reducing poverty and unemployment, improving health and nutritional standards, and achieving a sustained human development-led growth1. Within the purview of overall education, primary education is recognized as a basic human right, vital both to the development of individuals and societies2. In India, since independence, more importance has been given to higher education. According to the Indian Constitution, education has been a state subject and, therefore, for many years, provision for education in the Union Budget has been minimal. Within the overall amount allocated for education, spending on primary education has been much lower as compared to higher and technical education. However, around the seventies, importance attached to primary education started to increase. This got reflected in constitutional reforms, policy initiatives, and allocation of funds in the Union Budget. 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class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95558450/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92589314/Formative_study_to_enhance_the_understanding_about_reasons_for_smooth_transition_among_boys_and_girls_to_secondary_schools">Formative study to enhance the understanding about reasons for smooth transition among boys and girls to secondary schools</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VimalaRamachandran">Vimala Ramachandran</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KameshwariJandhyala">Kameshwari Jandhyala</a></span></div><div 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Tribal Development Report</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523799"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523799"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523799; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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})(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523799]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523799,"title":"Educational Situation of Scheduled Tribes in India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Routledge India","publication_name":"Tribal Development 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92523798/The_position_of_teachers_in_our_education_system_1">The position of teachers in our education system 1</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. Unfortunately the debat...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. Unfortunately the debate on teachers and their centrality to the public education system is highly polarised. There is a large community of administrators, researchers and writers who have taken to regular ‘teacher- bashing’ and there are an equally vocal community that takes a contrary view. The purpose of this short article is to try and understand the way teachers are positioned in our system and why and how this is an important cause for concern.Approximately 42 per cent of government elementary schools have only one or two teachers for the elementary grades. However, the teachers are not equipped to effectively conduct multi- grade teaching despite clear policy directives at the national level. The NCF 2005 suggests considerable planning is required on the part of teachers to address multi-grade situations — however, the teacher education process still treats multi-grade situation as an anomaly</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="372aa6af381f8b43f5455be58aae8357" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95510502,"asset_id":92523798,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95510502/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523798"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523798"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523798; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523798]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523798]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523798; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92523798']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 92523798, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "372aa6af381f8b43f5455be58aae8357" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523798]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523798,"title":"The position of teachers in our education system 1","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"I have been wrestling with the ‘teacher’ question for over fifteen years. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="92523797"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/92523797/What_awaits_our_teachers_when_schools_reopen"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of What awaits our teachers when schools reopen" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/95510500/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/92523797/What_awaits_our_teachers_when_schools_reopen">What awaits our teachers when schools reopen</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It has been almost two years since schools closed. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disastrous imp...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It has been almost two years since schools closed. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disastrous impact on children and teachers. The governments, state and central, have started waking up to the enormous damage done by school closures. While there is some discussion on the inherent inequality of online schooling, what is missing is a serious discussion on what awaits our teachers when they return to school. In an earlier essay on the reopening of schools after the pandemic (Learning Curve, December 2020), I outlined some of the challenges that teachers and educational administrators face. We now have a lot more information on the impact of school closures on children, the precarious existence of contract teachers, job losses in private schools and the immense pressure on teachers to teach online or through WhatsApp, distributing worksheets, running mohalla classes and contacting children at home</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e0746014a11100a15aa148e70dd8a6a5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95510500,"asset_id":92523797,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95510500/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523797"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523797"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523797; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523797]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523797]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523797; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92523797']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 92523797, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e0746014a11100a15aa148e70dd8a6a5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523797]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523797,"title":"What awaits our teachers when schools reopen","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"It has been almost two years since schools closed. 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We now have a lot more information on the impact of school closures on children, the precarious existence of contract teachers, job losses in private schools and the immense pressure on teachers to teach online or through WhatsApp, distributing worksheets, running mohalla classes and contacting children at home","publisher":"Azim Premji University","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":12,"year":2021,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"It has been almost two years since schools closed. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disastrous impact on children and teachers. The governments, state and central, have started waking up to the enormous damage done by school closures. While there is some discussion on the inherent inequality of online schooling, what is missing is a serious discussion on what awaits our teachers when they return to school. In an earlier essay on the reopening of schools after the pandemic (Learning Curve, December 2020), I outlined some of the challenges that teachers and educational administrators face. 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This phenomenon dates back to the DPEP days (1994 onwards) when there was a massive push through of the project to strengthen in-service teacher training. As a result, state project offices hired experts to design training modules for teachers. What was interesting is that even during the DPEP days no one really cared to find out what is it that teachers need, what is it that they want and what is the best method to deliver it</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="675f43787adcd7b3e2f672d736fe5724" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":95510499,"asset_id":92523796,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/95510499/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="92523796"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="92523796"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523796; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523796]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=92523796]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 92523796; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='92523796']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 92523796, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "675f43787adcd7b3e2f672d736fe5724" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=92523796]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":92523796,"title":"The elephant in the room that we refuse to acknowledge","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"For several decades now most in-service teacher training initiatives have focused on subject-knowledge – euphemistically called hard spots. 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Here are a few that has been reiterated in almost every policy statement:Introduce flexible school timings and region- specific school calendar –– especially in tribal areas. Create a pool of teachers from the tribal communities and encourage more people to become teachers... (Kothari Commission 1968, NPE 1986, Bhuria 1 and Debar Commissions 2 on Tribal areas); in particular tribal commissions specifically recommended that the government “pay special attention to pedagogical and linguistic aspects of tribal education, focused programme to develop and train teachers in the tribal areas, provide mid-day meals, clothing and books and most importantly calibrate the school calendar to suit the social rhythm of tribal communities... 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="78285435"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78285435/The_Right_to_Education_Bill_and_Its_Implications_for_Elementary_Education"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Right to Education Bill and Its Implications for Elementary Education" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78285435/The_Right_to_Education_Bill_and_Its_Implications_for_Elementary_Education">The Right to Education Bill and Its Implications for Elementary Education</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Education can act as a powerful tool for reducing poverty and unemployment, improving health and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Education can act as a powerful tool for reducing poverty and unemployment, improving health and nutritional standards, and achieving a sustained human development-led growth1. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43240104"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43240104/Getting_ready_to_open_schools_after_lockdown_what_we_need_to_do_in_India"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Getting ready to open schools after lockdown -what we need to do in India" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63509841/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43240104/Getting_ready_to_open_schools_after_lockdown_what_we_need_to_do_in_India">Getting ready to open schools after lockdown -what we need to do in India</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">India announced a complete lockdown in the end of March 2020 in response to the global Corona Vir...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">India announced a complete lockdown in the end of March 2020 in response to the global Corona Virus Pandemic. This was done with just 4-hour notice. Schools across the country were closed. While we still do not know when school will reopen, there are several notifications and guidelines from the authorities regarding developing a truncated syllabus and instructing children in primary classes to stay home for a few more months. The children of all social groups and classes are bombarded with messages about the danger of the virus and, how they should remain indoors-even as we have been witnessing thousands of families walking home in the hot summer sun, crowded trains and buses and the most heart wrenching of all-hunger and hopelessness. Families thrown out by landlords because they cannot pay rent, employers firing their workers and domestic workers being treated as untouchables by the same people who depended on them for housework and child care. Teachers in small private schools have lost their jobs and contract teachers in government are afraid of being thrown out. Many of them have not been paid for several months. There have been reports of former teachers lining up for MNREGA work. India has not seen this kind of trauma since the painful cross-migration during Partition in 1947. Children are traumatised, confused and not able to understand what is happening around them. Those from very poor families in both rural and urban areas have not only been cut off from learning processes, but have been deprived of the midday meal which sustained many of them. While the rich and the middle classes with access to computers and smart phones have access to online teaching from their schools-the vast majority of children, especially those studying in government schools and low cost private schools, have no such opportunities. Therefore, it is quite ironic that a lot of the discussions on education today are on online learning and the pros and cons of it.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="699f5dcb627e3d61054b14ca5521d8d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63509841,"asset_id":43240104,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63509841/download_file?st=MTczMjM3MTUxNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43240104"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43240104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43240104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43240104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43240104]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43240104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43240104']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43240104, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "699f5dcb627e3d61054b14ca5521d8d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43240104]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43240104,"title":"Getting ready to open schools after lockdown -what we need to do in India","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"India announced a complete lockdown in the end of March 2020 in response to the global Corona Virus Pandemic. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="40802870"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/40802870/Quality_and_Systemic_Functioning_in_Secondary_Education_in_India_A_study_in_Uttar_Pradesh_and_Rajasthan"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quality and Systemic Functioning in Secondary Education in India: A study in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/61085927/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/40802870/Quality_and_Systemic_Functioning_in_Secondary_Education_in_India_A_study_in_Uttar_Pradesh_and_Rajasthan">Quality and Systemic Functioning in Secondary Education in India: A study in Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VimalaRamachandran">Vimala Ramachandran</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NitiSaxena">Niti Saxena</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Draft</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Explores the secondary education scenario in Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand. This study was support ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Explores the secondary education scenario in Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand. 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