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科学网—NASA图片记录中国雾霾15年变化 - 宁利中的博文

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xg1">15年大陆雾霾变化, 美国卫星图片记录</span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p style="text-align:left;margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:auto;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;"></span><strong><span style="font-family:宋体,simsun;font-size:24px;">NASA图片记录中国雾霾15年</span><span style="font-family:宋体,simsun;font-size:24px;">变化</span></strong><br /></p><p style="text-align:left;margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:auto;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;"></span></p><p style="text-align:left;margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:auto;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">美国太空</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">总</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">署通</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">过卫</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">星</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">传输出来</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;"></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">中国大</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">陆</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2001~2016年雾霾分布及程度</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片。<br /></span></p><p style="text-align:left;margin-top:auto;margin-bottom:auto;"><br /><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;"></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/163700pgt0z3uae3a5xauk.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">NASA</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的中解析度成像光</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">谱仪</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(MODIS)自1999年随</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">卫</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">星Terra</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">发</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">射以来,一直致力于</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">观测</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">地球表面情况,科学家据此了解全球气候和</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">环</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">境如何相互作用。中国</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北地区的雾霾多次被MODIS捕捉,从2001年的气溶胶</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染,到2008年奥运年空气</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染的改善,及之后越来越厚重的灰霾,都在太空中被看得清清楚楚。</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">这</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">是2001年7月12日,在中国</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">东</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">部</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">观</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">察到一大批气溶胶</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染(灰色</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">带</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">),向</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">东</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">延伸到渤海湾。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/163727i3pq4qqsma3pmaaq.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2002</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年1月11日。雾霾覆盖下,</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">东</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">部大部分地区</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">变</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">成不透明的灰色,几乎掩盖了地面的</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">细节</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。北京是气溶胶</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染最</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">严</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">重的地方。气溶胶在</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">环</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">境保</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">护</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">学科中的定</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">义为悬</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">浮在空气中的固</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">态</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">粒子或液</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">态</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">小滴物</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">质</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">统</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">称。气溶胶粒子能通</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">过</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">呼吸道</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">进</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">入人体,附着在呼吸道上,甚至</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">进</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">入肺部沉</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">积</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">下来,危害人的健康。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/104031q24gi9wt15m4gyl4.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2003</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年12月7日。2003年12月,中国遭受一</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">场严</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">重的大气</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染。厚重的雾霾</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">带</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">从北京延伸到上海,距离</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">约</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">1200</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">公里,</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染的空气呈灰色。</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">虽</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">然中国</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北、</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">东</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北地区</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">经</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">常面</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">临</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">极端雾霾的爆</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">发</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,但</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">扩</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">散到南方却不太常</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">见</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。</span></p><p><br /></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/104231xrbr5nekfxpaeecz.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2004</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年10月3日。在2004年11月2日下午至11月3日下午,靠近渤海的</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">中地区上空形成一</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">层</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">霾。由于北京等大城市</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">车辆污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染日益</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">严</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">重,加上燃煤</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">电</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">厂、家庭供暖和烹</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">饪</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的影响,</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北平原常常面</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">临</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">空气</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">质</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">量差的困</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">扰</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">该</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">区域地形不利于</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染物</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">扩</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">散,西</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">边</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的太行山脉在平原上阻</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">挡</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">了霾。而</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">该</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">地区常常</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">产</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">生“温度反演”,地表附近比高空更冷(通常空气温度随高度而降低),由于</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">较</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">冷的空气具有</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">较</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">小的上升</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">趋势</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,所以</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">雾</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">气可以</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">维</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">持在地表附近,直到天气</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">转变</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/163812300s0e3yjafc6yle.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2005</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年2月28日。耕地流失和水</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">资</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">源短缺,是13</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">亿</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">人口的中国所面</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">临</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的粮食安全挑</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">战</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。而</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">这张图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">揭示了</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北地区</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">农业</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">生</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">产</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的另一大威</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">胁</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">:区域霾。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/163909z9yd9tevte3kvtva.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2006</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年9月20日。中国</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">东</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">部的天空更加混</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">浊</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,霾与云</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">层</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">混合,而黄海附近的海岸相</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">对</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">清澈。<br /></span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/1642269hvtncmjjvw4jnno.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2007</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年7月27日。在</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">这</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">幅</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">像中,霾与云</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">层</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">混合,</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">颜</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">色更深,呈弥漫状,厚得足以完全遮</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">挡</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北京,低</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">处</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的霾附着在北京城北的地</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">势</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">低洼</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">处</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。2007年,BBC新</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">闻报导</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">了一个国</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">际</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">科学家</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">团队发现</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">了中国空气</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染增加</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">导</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">致部分地区降雨量减少。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/135754abobiaz5hir72sjz.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2008</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年7月21日。随着2008年8月8日至24日的北京奥运会和9月6日至17日的残奥会即将</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">举办</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,北京</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">实</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">施了新的措施减少</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染。到2008年7月20日,</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">污</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">染控制措施生效。除了出租</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">车</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">和奥运</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">车辆</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,汽</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">车单</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">双号限行;大多数建筑工程停止施工,北京周</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">边</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">天津和唐山的工厂关</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">闭</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/164116f3f3lxttzp3l3xeo.jpg" /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2009</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年10月28日。最厚重的灰棕色霾集中在了低洼的黄河谷地和</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北平原西部靠近</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">吕</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">梁山的地区。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/105343obt5vf1t1ez1f1vo.jpg" /></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2010</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年6月25日。平滑的灰色霾沿着</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">陆</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">地低</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">处</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">蔓延,渗入平原西</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">侧</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">和北</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">侧</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">吕</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">梁山的山谷。黄河</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">隐</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">藏在不透明的空气之下,分散的白云在一大片霾中</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">隐约</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">可</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">见</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/1643402a702axjh7a2wwia.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2011</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年2月20日。上午11:35拍</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">摄</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,部分区域灰棕色的霾太厚了。当</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">时</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,北京机</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">场</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">的一个气象站</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">报</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">告了3.1公里的可</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">见</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">度,下午晚些</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">时</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">候下降到1.8公里。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/104350t9xol6988ohzujdw.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2012</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年1月10日。霾覆盖了</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北平原,使得交通困</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">难</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">。根据新</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">闻报导</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">,北京机</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">场</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">在上午</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">时间</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">取消了43次航班,延</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">误</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">了80次,可</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">见</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">度降至200米。整个平原地区省份均</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">报</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">告低能</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">见</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">度。</span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/201701/08/072421lmll1rqyocxr38lr.jpg" /></p><p style="text-align:left;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">(网</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">络图</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">片)</span></span></p><p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:&#39;ms pゴシック&#39;"><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">2014</span></span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">年10月9日。厚厚的霾覆盖了</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">华</span><span style="font-family:楷体,楷体_gb2312,simkai;font-size:20px;">北平原,</span><span 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