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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Carbine_arquebus_and_musket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbine_arquebus_and_musket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Carbine arquebus and musket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbine_arquebus_and_musket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carbine_rifle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carbine_rifle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Carbine rifle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carbine_rifle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>World Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Post World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_military_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_military_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Contemporary military forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_military_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Special forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pistol-caliber_carbines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pistol-caliber_carbines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Pistol-caliber carbines</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pistol-caliber_carbines-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pistol-caliber carbines subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pistol-caliber_carbines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_defence_pistol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_defence_pistol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Land defence pistol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_defence_pistol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shoulder-stocked_handgun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shoulder-stocked_handgun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Shoulder-stocked handgun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shoulder-stocked_handgun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Carbine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabyn" title="Karabyn – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karabyn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="بندقية قصيرة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بندقية قصيرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabina" title="Carabina – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carabina" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Карабін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карабін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Карабін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Карабін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Карабина – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карабина" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabinenn" title="Karabinenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karabinenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrabina" title="Carrabina – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carrabina" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabina_(zbra%C5%88)" title="Karabina (zbraň) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karabina (zbraň)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabiner" title="Karabiner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karabiner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabiin" title="Karabiin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karabiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Καραμπίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καραμπίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabina" title="Carabina – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carabina" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabeno" title="Karabeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karabeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabina" title="Karabina – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karabina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD)" title="کارباین (سلاح) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارباین (سلاح)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabine_militaire" title="Carabine militaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carabine militaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabyn" title="Karabyn – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Karabyn" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B4%9D" title="기총 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기총" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կարաբին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարաբին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabino" title="Karabino – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Karabino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabina" title="Carabina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carabina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קרבין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרבין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Карабин – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карабин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabina" title="Carabina – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carabina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabinas" title="Karabinas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karabinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabina" title="Carabina – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Carabina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karab%C3%A9ly" title="Karabély – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karabély" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Карабин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Карабин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbin" title="Karbin – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karbin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ကာဘိုင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကာဘိုင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabijn" title="Karabijn – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karabijn" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%93%E3%83%B3" title="カービン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カービン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کاربین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاربین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabinek_(bro%C5%84)" title="Karabinek (broń) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karabinek (broń)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabina" title="Carabina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carabina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carabin%C4%83" title="Carabină – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carabină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD_(%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Карабин (оружие) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карабин (оружие)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabina" title="Karabina – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karabina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carbine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabinka" title="Karabinka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karabinka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Карабин – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Карабин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabin" title="Karabin – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karabin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbiini" title="Karbiini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karbiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbin" title="Karbin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Karbin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="குறும்மசுகெத்து – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குறும்மசுகெத்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabina_(t%C3%BCfek)" title="Karabina (tüfek) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karabina (tüfek)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD_(%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F)" title="Карабін (зброя) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карабін (зброя)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="قرابین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قرابین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAng_carbine" title="Súng carbine – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Súng carbine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%AE%BE%E6%9E%AA" title="卡宾枪 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡宾枪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krab%C3%A8n" title="Krabèn – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Krabèn" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span>For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Carbine_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Carbine (disambiguation)">Carbine (disambiguation)</a>.</span> <span>Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Carbyne" title="Carbyne">Carbyne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbene" title="Carbene">Carbene</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Carabiner" title="Carabiner">Carabiner</a>.</span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coltm4a1.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coltm4a1.jpeg/220px-Coltm4a1.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coltm4a1.jpeg/330px-Coltm4a1.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Coltm4a1.jpeg/440px-Coltm4a1.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="1434" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a>, a common <a href="/wiki/AR-15%E2%80%93style_rifle" title="AR-15–style rifle">AR-15–style</a> carbine. The M4 is the shorter, lighter carbine variant of the <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>carbine</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAR</span>-been</i></a> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAR</span>-byn</i></a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">long gun</a> that has a <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrel</a> shortened from its original length.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most modern carbines are <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifles</a> that are compact versions of a longer rifle or are rifles chambered for less powerful <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a>. </p><p>The smaller size and lighter weight of carbines make them easier to handle.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are typically issued to high-mobility troops such as <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">special operations soldiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paratrooper" title="Paratrooper">paratroopers</a>, as well as to mounted, <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">artillery</a>, logistics, or other non-<a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> personnel whose roles do not require full-sized rifles, although there is a growing tendency for carbines to be issued to front-line soldiers to offset the increasing weight of other issued equipment. An example of this is the <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a>, the standard issue carbine of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">United States Armed Forces</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name comes from its first users — cavalry troopers called "<a href="/wiki/Carabinier" title="Carabinier">carabiniers</a>", from the French <i>carabine</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from Old French <i>carabin</i> (soldier armed with a musket), whose origin is unclear. One theory connects it to an "ancient engine of war" called a <i>calabre</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-oed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another connects it to Medieval Latin <i>Calabrinus</i> 'Calabrian';<sup id="cite_ref-oed_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> yet another, less likely, to <i>escarrabin</i>, gravedigger, from the <a href="/wiki/Scarabaeidae" title="Scarabaeidae">scarab beetle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carbine_arquebus_and_musket">Carbine arquebus and musket</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carbine arquebus and musket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reitar_XVII_(left,_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Reitar_XVII_%28left%2C_cropped%29.jpg/170px-Reitar_XVII_%28left%2C_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Reitar_XVII_%28left%2C_cropped%29.jpg/255px-Reitar_XVII_%28left%2C_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Reitar_XVII_%28left%2C_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="474" /></a><figcaption>Harquebusier, carbine-armed cavalry, 17th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg/170px-Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg/255px-Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg/340px-Carbine_mod_1793-IMG_4737-white.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Carbine model 1793, used by the French Army during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The carbine was originally developed for <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a>. The start of <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">early modern warfare</a> about the 16th century had infantry armed with <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a>, prompting cavalry to do the same, even though reloading <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzle loading</a> firearms while moving mounted was highly impractical.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some cavalry, such as the German <a href="/wiki/Reiter" title="Reiter">Reiters</a>, added one or more pistols, while other cavalry, such as <a href="/wiki/Harquebusier" title="Harquebusier">harquebusiers</a>, tried various shorter, lightened versions of the infantry <a href="/wiki/Arquebus" title="Arquebus">arquebus</a> weapons – the first carbines. But these weapons were still difficult to reload while mounted, and the <a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">saber</a> often remained main weapon of such cavalry. <a href="/wiki/Dragoon" title="Dragoon">Dragoons</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mounted_infantry" title="Mounted infantry">mounted infantry</a> that dismounted for battles usually adopted standard infantry firearms, though some favored versions that were less encumbering when riding – something that could be arranged to hang clear of the rider's elbows and horse's legs. </p><p>While more portable, carbines had the general disadvantages of less accuracy and power than the longer guns of the infantry. During <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic warfare</a>, pistol and carbine-armed cavalry generally transitioned into traditional melee cavalry or dragoons. Carbines found increased use outside of standard cavalry and infantry, such as support and artillery troops, who might need to defend themselves from attack but would be hindered by keeping full-sized weapons with them continuously; a common title for many short rifles in the late 19th century was <i>artillery carbine</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carbine_rifle">Carbine rifle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Carbine rifle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">rifled musket</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> firearms for infantry in the mid 19th century, carbine versions were also developed; this was often developed separately from the infantry rifles and, in many cases, did not even use the same ammunition, which made for supply difficulties. </p><p>A notable weapon developed towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Spencer_repeating_rifle" title="Spencer repeating rifle">Spencer carbine</a>, one of the first <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">breechloading</a>, <a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">repeating</a> weapons.<sup id="cite_ref-Pritchard2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pritchard2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It had a spring-powered, removable <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">tube magazine</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">buttstock</a> which held seven rounds and could be reloaded by inserting spare tubes. It was intended to give the cavalry a replacement weapon which could be fired from horseback without the need for awkward reloading after each shot – although it saw service mostly with dismounted troopers, as was typical of cavalry weapons during that war. </p><p>In the late 19th century, it became common for a number of nations to make <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">bolt-action</a> rifles in both full-length and carbine versions. One of the most popular and recognizable carbines were the <a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">lever-action</a> <a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester carbines</a>, with several versions available firing <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolver</a> cartridges. This made it an ideal choice for <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboys</a> and explorers, as well as other inhabitants of the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">American West</a>, who could carry a revolver and a carbine, both using the same ammunition. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield#Magazine_Lee–Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield cavalry carbine</a>, a shortened version of the standard <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> infantry rifle was introduced in 1896, although it did not become the standard British cavalry weapon until 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_Wars">World Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg/250px-Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg/330px-Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg/500px-Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun" title="Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun">Chauchat-Ribeyrolles</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In late 1918, France developed the <a href="/wiki/Chauchat-Ribeyrolles_1918_submachine_gun" title="Chauchat-Ribeyrolles 1918 submachine gun">Chauchat-Ribeyrolles</a> for tank crews to defend themselves. Developed from the <a href="/wiki/Fusil_Automatique_Mod%C3%A8le_1917" title="Fusil Automatique Modèle 1917">Fusil Automatique Modèle 1917</a>, the stock was replaced with a pistol grip, and the barrel is significantly shorter at 340 mm (13 in) resulting in an overall length of 575 mm (22.6 in).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garandcar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Garandcar.jpg/250px-Garandcar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Garandcar.jpg/330px-Garandcar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Garandcar.jpg/500px-Garandcar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="626" /></a><figcaption>M1 Garand and M1 carbine</figcaption></figure> <p>In the decades following World War I, the standard battle rifle used by armies around the world had been growing shorter, either by redesign or by the general issue of carbine versions instead of full-length rifles. This move was initiated by the U.S. <a href="/wiki/M1903_Springfield" title="M1903 Springfield">Model 1903 Springfield</a>, which was originally produced in 1907 with a short 610 mm (24 in) barrel, providing a short rifle that was longer than a carbine but shorter than a typical rifle, so it could be issued to all troops without need for separate versions.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other nations followed suit after World War I, when they learned that their traditional long-barreled rifles provided little benefit in the trenches and merely proved a hindrance to the soldiers. Examples include the Russian <a href="/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant" title="Mosin–Nagant">Model 1891 rifle</a>, originally with an 800 mm (31 in) barrel, later shortened to 730 mm (29 in) in 1930, and to 510 mm (20 in) in 1938, the German <a href="/wiki/Mauser" title="Mauser">Mauser</a> <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98" title="Gewehr 98">Gewehr 98</a> rifles went from 740 mm (29 in) in 1898 to 600 mm (24 in) in 1935 as the <i><a href="/wiki/Karabiner_98k" title="Karabiner 98k">Karabiner 98k</a></i> (K98k or Kar98k), or "short carbine". </p><p>The barrel lengths in rifles used by the United States did not change between the bolt-action M1903 rifle of World War I and the World War II <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a> rifle, because the 610 mm (24 in) barrel on the M1903 was still shorter than even the shortened versions of the Model 1891 and Gewehr 98. The U.S. <a href="/wiki/M1_carbine" title="M1 carbine">M1 carbine</a> was more of a traditional carbine in that it was significantly shorter and lighter, with a 450.9 mm (17.75 in) barrel, than the M1 Garand rifle, and that it was intended for rear-area troops who could not be hindered with full-sized rifles but needed something more powerful and accurate than a <a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">Model 1911 pistol</a> (although this did not stop soldiers from using them on the front line). Contrary to popular belief, and even what some books claim, in spite of both being designated "M1", the M1 carbine was <i>not</i> a shorter version of the <a href="/wiki/.30-06_Springfield" title=".30-06 Springfield">.30-06</a> M1 Garand, as is typical for most rifles and carbines, but it was a wholly different design, firing <a href="/wiki/.30_carbine" title=".30 carbine">a smaller, less-powerful cartridge</a>. The "M1" designates each as the first model in the new U.S. designation system, which no longer used the year of introduction but a sequential series of numbers starting at "1": the M1 <i>carbine</i> and M1 <i>rifle</i>. </p><p>The United Kingdom developed a "<a href="/wiki/Jungle_carbine" title="Jungle carbine">jungle carbine</a>" version of their Lee–Enfield service rifle, featuring a shorter barrel, flash suppressor, and manufacturing modifications designed to decrease the rifle's weight<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Officially titled <i>Rifle, No. 5 Mk I</i>, it was introduced in the closing months of World War II, but it did not see widespread service until the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Mau Mau Uprising">Mau Mau Uprising</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_World_War_II">Post World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Post World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAL_IMG_1528.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FAL_IMG_1528.jpg/170px-FAL_IMG_1528.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FAL_IMG_1528.jpg/255px-FAL_IMG_1528.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FAL_IMG_1528.jpg/340px-FAL_IMG_1528.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2428" data-file-height="3640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a> rifle – (left) full size, (right) carbine/paratrooper variant with a folding stock and shortened barrel</figcaption></figure> <p>A shorter weapon was more convenient when riding in a truck, <a href="/wiki/Armored_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Armored personnel carrier">armored personnel carrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a>, or aircraft, and also when engaged in close-range combat. Based on the combat experience of World War II, the criteria used for selecting infantry weapons began to change. Unlike previous wars, which were often fought mainly from fixed lines and trenches, World War II was a highly mobile war, often fought in cities, forests, or other areas where mobility and visibility were restricted. In addition, improvements in artillery made moving infantry in open areas even less practical than it had been. </p><p>The majority of enemy contacts were at ranges of less than 300 metres (330 yards), and the enemy was exposed to fire for only short periods of time as they moved from cover to cover. Most rounds fired were not aimed at an enemy combatant but instead fired in the enemy's direction <a href="/wiki/Suppressive_fire" title="Suppressive fire">to keep them from moving and from firing back</a>. These situations did not require a heavy rifle, firing full-power rifle bullets with long-range accuracy. A less-powerful weapon would still produce casualties at the shorter ranges encountered in actual combat, and the reduced <a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">recoil</a> would allow more shots to be fired in the short amount of time an enemy was visible. The lower-powered round would also weigh less, allowing a soldier to carry more ammunition. With no need of a long barrel to fire full-power ammunition, a shorter barrel could be used. A shorter barrel made the weapon weigh less, was easier to handle in tight spaces, and was easier to shoulder quickly to fire a shot at an unexpected target. <a href="/wiki/Automatic_firearm" title="Automatic firearm">Full-automatic</a> fire was also considered a desirable feature, allowing the soldier to fire short bursts of three to five rounds, increasing the probability of a hit on a moving target. </p><p>The Germans had experimented with <a href="/wiki/Selective-fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Selective-fire">selective-fire</a> carbines firing rifle cartridges during the early years of World War II. These were determined to be less than ideal, as the recoil of full-power rifle cartridges caused the weapon to be uncontrollable in full-automatic fire. They then developed an intermediate-power cartridge round, which was accomplished by reducing the power and the length of the standard <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9757mm_Mauser" title="7.92×57mm Mauser">7.92×57mm Mauser</a> rifle cartridge to create the <a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9733mm" class="mw-redirect" title="7.92×33mm">7.92×33mm</a> <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">kurz</i></span> (short) cartridge. A selective-fire weapon was developed to fire this shorter cartridge, eventually resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Sturmgewehr_44" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturmgewehr 44">Sturmgewehr 44</a>, later translated as "<a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifle</a>" (also frequently called "machine carbines" by Allied intelligence, a quite accurate assessment, in fact). Very shortly after World War II, the USSR adopted a similar weapon, the ubiquitous <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a>, the first model in the famed <a href="/wiki/Kalashnikov_rifle" title="Kalashnikov rifle">Kalashnikov</a> series, which became the standard Soviet infantry weapon and which has been produced and exported in extremely large numbers up through the present day. </p><p>Although the United States had developed the M2 carbine, a selective-fire version of the M1 carbine during WW2, the .30 carbine cartridge was closer to a pistol round in power, making it more of a <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine gun</a> than an assault rifle. It was also adopted only in very small numbers and issued to few troops (the semi-automatic M1 carbine was produced in a 10-to-1 ratio to the M2), while the AK47 was produced by the millions and was standard-issue to all Soviet troops, as well as those of many other nations. The U.S. was slow to follow suit, insisting on retaining a full-power, <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> rifle, the <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14</a> (although this <i>was</i> selective fire). </p><p>In the 1950s, the British developed the <a href="/wiki/.280_British" title=".280 British">.280 British</a>, an intermediate cartridge, and a select-fire <a href="/wiki/Bullpup" title="Bullpup">bullpup</a> assault rifle to fire it, the <a href="/wiki/EM-2_rifle" title="EM-2 rifle">EM-2</a>. They pressed for the U.S. to adopt it so it could become a NATO-standard round, but the U.S. insisted on retaining a full-power, .30 caliber round. This forced NATO to adopt the <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9751mm_NATO" title="7.62×51mm NATO">7.62×51mm NATO</a> round (which in reality is only slightly different ballistically from the .308 Winchester), to maintain commonality. The British eventually adopted the 7.62mm <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a>, and the U.S. adopted the 7.62mm <a href="/wiki/M14_rifle" title="M14 rifle">M14 rifle</a>. These rifles are both what is known as <i><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">battle rifles</a></i> and were a few inches shorter than the standard-issue rifles they replaced (22-inch (560 mm) barrel as opposed to 24 inches (610 mm) for the M1 Garand), although they were still full-powered rifles, with selective fire capability. These can be compared to the even shorter, less-powerful assault rifle, which might be considered the "carbine branch of weapons development", although indeed, there are now carbine variants of many of the assault rifles which had themselves seemed quite small and light when adopted. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg/220px-M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg/330px-M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg/440px-M855_drop_during_25-meter_zeroing_trajectory_M16A2_M4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="332" /></a><figcaption>Bullet drop of the M16A2 rifle (yellow) vs M4 carbine (red)</figcaption></figure> <p>By the 1960s, after becoming involved in war in Vietnam, the U.S. did an abrupt about-face and decided to standardize on the intermediate <a href="/wiki/5.56%C3%9745mm_NATO" title="5.56×45mm NATO">5.56×45mm</a> round (based on the <a href="/wiki/.223_Remington" title=".223 Remington">.223 Remington</a> <a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">varmint cartridge</a>) fired from the new, lightweight <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16 rifle</a>, leaving NATO to hurry and catch up. Many of the NATO countries could not afford to re-equip so soon after the recent 7.62mm standardization, leaving them armed with full-power 7.62mm battle rifles for some decades afterwards, although by this point, the 5.56mm has been adopted by almost all NATO countries and many non-NATO nations as well. This 5.56mm NATO round was even lighter and smaller than the Soviet <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9739mm" title="7.62×39mm">7.62×39mm</a> AK-47 cartridge but possessed higher velocity. In U.S. service, the M16 assault rifle replaced the M14 as the standard infantry weapon, although the M14 continued to be used by <a href="/wiki/Designated_marksmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Designated marksmen">designated marksmen</a>. Although at 20 inches (510 mm), the barrel of the M16 was shorter than that of the M14, it was still designated a "rifle" rather than a "carbine", and it was still longer than the AK-47, which used a 16-inch (410 mm) barrel. (The <a href="/wiki/SKS" title="SKS">SKS</a> – an interim, semi-automatic, weapon adopted a few years before the AK-47 was put into service – was designated a carbine, even though its 20-inch (510 mm) barrel was significantly longer than the AK series' 16.3 inches (410 mm). This is because of the Kalashnikov's revolutionary nature, which altered the old paradigm. Compared to previous rifles, particularly the Soviets' initial attempts at semi-automatic rifles, such as the 24-inch (610 mm) <a href="/wiki/SVT-40" title="SVT-40">SVT-40</a>, the SKS was significantly shorter. The Kalashnikov altered traditional notions and ushered in a change in what was considered a "rifle" in military circles.) </p><p>In 1974, shortly after the introduction of the 5.56mm NATO, the USSR began to issue a new Kalashnikov variant, the <a href="/wiki/AK-74" title="AK-74">AK-74</a>, chambered in the small-bore <a href="/wiki/5.45%C3%9739mm" title="5.45×39mm">5.45×39mm</a> cartridge, which was a standard 7.62×39mm necked down to take a smaller, lighter, faster bullet. It soon became standard issue in Soviet nations, although many of the nations with export Kalashnikovs retained the larger 7.62×39mm round. In 1995, the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> adopted a new <a href="/wiki/5.8%C3%9742mm" title="5.8×42mm">5.8×42mm</a> cartridge to match the modern trend in military ammunition, replacing the previous 7.62×39mm and 5.45×39mm round as standard. </p><p>Later, even lighter carbine variants of many of these short-barreled assault rifles came to be adopted as the standard infantry weapon. In much modern tactical thinking, only a certain number of soldiers need to retain longer-range weapons, serving as designated marksmen. The rest can carry lighter, shorter-ranged weapons for <a href="/wiki/Close_quarters_combat" class="mw-redirect" title="Close quarters combat">close quarters combat</a> and suppressive fire. This is basically a more extreme extension of the idea that brought the original assault rifle. Another factor is that with the increasing weight of technology, sighting systems, <a href="/wiki/Armour" title="Armour">ballistic armor</a>, etc., the only way to reduce the burden on the modern soldier was to equip them with a smaller, lighter weapon. Also, modern soldiers rely a great deal on vehicles and helicopters to transport them around the battle area, and a longer weapon can be a serious hindrance to entering and exiting these vehicles. Development of lighter assault rifles continued, matched by developments in even lighter carbines. In spite of the short barrels of the new assault rifles, carbine variants like the <a href="/wiki/5.45%C3%9739mm" title="5.45×39mm">5.45×39mm</a> <a href="/wiki/AKS-74U" class="mw-redirect" title="AKS-74U">AKS-74U</a> and <a href="/wiki/CAR-15" title="CAR-15">Colt Commando</a> were being developed for use when mobility was essential and a submachine gun was not sufficiently powerful. The AKS-74U featured an extremely short 8.1-inch (210 mm) barrel which necessitated redesigning and shortening the <a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">gas-piston</a> and integrating front sights onto the gas tube; the Colt Commando was a bit longer, at 11.5 inches (290 mm). Neither was adopted as standard issue, although the U.S. did later adopt the somewhat longer M4 carbine, with a 14.5-inch (370 mm) barrel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_military_forces">Contemporary military forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Contemporary military forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg/250px-AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg/330px-AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg/500px-AUG_A1_508mm_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="217" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Steyr_AUG" title="Steyr AUG">Steyr AUG</a> <i>rifle</i> (508 mm (20.0 in) barrel)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg/250px-AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="176" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg/330px-AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg/500px-AUG_A1_407mm_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="224" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Steyr AUG <i>carbine</i> (407 mm (16.0 in) barrel). Carbine conversion is achieved by changing to a shorter barrel.</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OH-58D_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/OH-58D_2.jpg/220px-OH-58D_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/OH-58D_2.jpg/330px-OH-58D_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/OH-58D_2.jpg/440px-OH-58D_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2346" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption>Two M4 carbines stowed ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Flight_instrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight instrument">flight instrument</a> panel of a US Army <a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">OH-58D</a> reconnaissance helicopter, over Iraq in 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1994, the U.S. had adopted the <a href="/wiki/M4_carbine" title="M4 carbine">M4 carbine</a>, a derivative of the M16 family which fired the same 5.56mm cartridge but was lighter and shorter (in overall length and barrel length), resulting in marginally reduced range and power, although offering better mobility and lighter weight to offset the weight of equipment and armor that a modern soldier has to carry. </p><p>In spite of the benefits of the modern carbine, many armies are experiencing a certain backlash against the universal equipping of soldiers with carbines and lighter rifles in general, and are equipping selected soldiers, usually designated marksmen, with higher-powered rifles. Another problem comes from the loss of muzzle velocity caused by the shorter barrel, which when coupled with the typical small, lightweight bullets, causes effectiveness to be diminished; a 5.56mm gets its lethality from its high velocity, and when fired from the 14.5-inch (370 mm) M4 carbine, its power, penetration, and range are diminished. Thus, there has been a move towards adopting a slightly more powerful cartridge tailored for high performance from both long and short barrels. The U.S. has experimented with a new, slightly larger and heavier caliber such as the <a href="/wiki/6.5mm_Grendel" title="6.5mm Grendel">6.5mm Grendel</a> or <a href="/wiki/6.8mm_Remington_SPC" title="6.8mm Remington SPC">6.8mm Remington SPC</a>, which are heavier and thus retain more effectiveness at lower muzzle velocities. </p><p>While the U.S. Army adopted the M4 carbine in 1994, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> retained their 20-inch (510 mm) barrel M16A4 rifles long afterwards, citing the increased range and effectiveness over the carbine version; officers were required to carry an M4 carbine rather than an M9 pistol, as Army officers do. Because the Marine Corps emphasizes "every Marine a rifleman", the lighter carbine was considered a suitable compromise between a rifle and a pistol. Marines with restricted mobility such as vehicle operators, or a greater need for mobility such as squad leaders, were issued M4 carbines. In 2015, the Marine Corps approved the M4 carbine for standard issue to front-line Marines, replacing the M16A4 rifle. The rifles are issued to support troops while the carbines go to the front-line Marines, in a reversal of the traditional roles of "rifles for the front line, carbines for the rear". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_forces">Special forces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Special forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a> need to perform fast, decisive operations, frequently airborne or boat-mounted. A pistol, though light and quick to operate, is viewed as not having enough power, firepower, or range. A submachine gun has selective fire, but firing a pistol cartridge and having a short barrel and sight radius, it is not accurate or powerful enough at longer ranges. Submachine guns also tend to have poorer armor and cover penetration than rifles and carbines firing rifle ammunition. Consequently, carbines have gained wide acceptance among <a href="/wiki/United_States_Special_Operations_Command" title="United States Special Operations Command">United States Special Operations Command</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Special_Forces" title="United Kingdom Special Forces">United Kingdom Special Forces</a>, and other communities, having relatively light weight, large magazine capacity, selective fire, and much better range and penetration than a submachine gun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The smaller size and relative lighter weight of carbines makes them easier to handle in close-quarter situations such as <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban</a> engagements, when deploying from military vehicles, or in any situation where space is confined. The disadvantages of carbines relative to rifles include inferior long-range accuracy and a shorter effective range. These comparisons refer to carbines (short-barreled rifles) of the same power and class as the regular full-sized rifles. </p><p>Compared to submachine guns, carbines have a greater effective range and are capable of penetrating <a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">helmets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Personal_armor" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal armor">body armor</a> when used with <a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_ammunition" class="mw-redirect" title="Armor-piercing ammunition">armor-piercing ammunition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-defensereview.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defensereview.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, submachine guns are still used by <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">military special forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">police SWAT teams</a> for close quarters battle because they are "a pistol caliber weapon that's easy to control, and less likely to over-penetrate the target."<sup id="cite_ref-defensereview.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-defensereview.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, carbines are harder to maneuver in tight encounters where superior range and <a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">stopping power</a> at distance are not great considerations. </p><p>Firing the same ammunition as standard-issue rifles or pistols gives carbines the advantage of standardization over those <a href="/wiki/Personal_defense_weapon" title="Personal defense weapon">personal defense weapons</a> that require proprietary <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a>. </p><p>The modern usage of the term carbine covers much the same scope as it always had, namely lighter weapons (generally rifles) with barrels up to 20 inches (510 mm) in length. These weapons can be considered carbines, while rifles with barrels longer than 20 inches (510 mm) are generally not considered carbines unless specifically named so. Conversely, many rifles have barrels <i>shorter</i> than 20 inches, yet are not considered carbines. The AK series rifles has an almost universal barrel length of 16.3 inches (410 mm), well within carbine territory, yet has always been considered a rifle, perhaps because it was designed as such and not shortened from a longer weapon. Modern carbines use ammunition ranging from that used in light pistols up to powerful rifle cartridges, with the usual exception of high-velocity magnum cartridges. In the more powerful cartridges, the short barrel of a carbine has significant disadvantages in velocity, and the high residual pressure, and frequently still-burning powder and gases, when the bullet exits the barrel results in substantially greater <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_flash" title="Muzzle flash">muzzle blast</a>. <a href="/wiki/Flash_suppressor" title="Flash suppressor">Flash suppressors</a> are a common, partial solution to this problem, although even the best flash suppressors are hard put to deal with the excess flash from the still-burning powder leaving the short barrel (and they also add several inches to the length of the barrel, diminishing the purpose of having a short barrel in the first place). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pistol-caliber_carbines">Pistol-caliber carbines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pistol-caliber carbines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg/300px-Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg/450px-Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg/600px-Marlin_Model_1894C_.357_Magnum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marlin_Model_1894" title="Marlin Model 1894">Marlin 1894C</a> .357 Magnum carbine</figcaption></figure> <p>The typical carbine is the pistol-caliber carbine. These first appeared soon after metallic cartridges became common. These were developed as "companions" to the popular <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolvers</a> of the day, firing the same cartridge but allowing more velocity and accuracy than the revolver. These were carried by <a href="/wiki/Cowboy" title="Cowboy">cowboys</a>, lawmen, and others in the <a href="/wiki/Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Old West">Old West</a>. The classic combination would be a <a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester</a> lever-action carbine and a <a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Single Action Army</a> revolver in <a href="/wiki/.44-40_Winchester" title=".44-40 Winchester">.44-40</a> or <a href="/wiki/.38-40_Winchester" title=".38-40 Winchester">.38-40</a>. During the 20th century, this trend continued with more modern and powerful smokeless revolver cartridges, in the form of <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1894" title="Winchester Model 1894">Winchester</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marlin_Model_1894" title="Marlin Model 1894">Marlin</a> lever action carbines <a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">chambered</a> in <a href="/wiki/.38_Special" title=".38 Special">.38 Special</a>/<a href="/wiki/.357_Magnum" title=".357 Magnum">.357 Magnum</a> and <a href="/wiki/.44_Special" title=".44 Special">.44 Special</a>/<a href="/wiki/.44_Magnum" title=".44 Magnum">.44 Magnum</a>. </p><p>Modern equivalents include the <a href="/wiki/Ruger_PC_carbine" title="Ruger PC carbine">Ruger PC carbine</a>, which uses the same magazine as the Ruger <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistols</a> of the same caliber, and the (discontinued) <a href="/wiki/Marlin_Camp_carbine" title="Marlin Camp carbine">Marlin Camp carbine</a>, which, in <a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a>, used M1911 magazines. The <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Model_44" title="Ruger Model 44">Ruger Model 44</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruger_Deerfield_carbine" title="Ruger Deerfield carbine">Ruger Deerfield carbine</a> were both carbines chambered in .44 Magnum. The <a href="/wiki/Beretta_Cx4_Storm" title="Beretta Cx4 Storm">Beretta Cx4 Storm</a> shares magazines with many <a href="/wiki/Beretta" title="Beretta">Beretta</a> pistols and is designed to be complementary to the <a href="/wiki/Beretta_Px4_Storm" title="Beretta Px4 Storm">Beretta Px4 Storm</a> pistol. The <a href="/wiki/Hi-Point_carbine" title="Hi-Point carbine">Hi-Point 995TS</a> are popular, economical and reliable alternatives to other pistol caliber carbines in the United States, and their magazines can be used in the <a href="/wiki/Hi-Point_C-9_and_C-9_Comp" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi-Point C-9 and C-9 Comp">Hi-Point C-9</a> pistol. Another example is the <a href="/wiki/Kel-Tec_SUB-2000" title="Kel-Tec SUB-2000">Kel-Tec SUB-2000</a> series chambered in either <a href="/wiki/9mm_Parabellum" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm Parabellum">9mm Parabellum</a> or <a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&W">.40 S&W</a>, which can be configured to accept Glock, Beretta, S&W, or SIG pistol magazines. The SUB-2000 also has the somewhat unusual (although not unique) ability to fold in half. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg/300px-Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg/450px-Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg/600px-Ruger-PC-Carbine-9mm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Ruger PC carbine in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg/300px-Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg/450px-Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg/600px-Kel-Tec-Sub-2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kel-Tec_SUB-2000" title="Kel-Tec SUB-2000">Kel-Tec SUB-2000</a> carbine in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The primary advantage of a carbine over a pistol using the same ammunition is controllability. The combination of firing from the shoulder, longer sight-radius, three points of contact (firing hand, support hand, and shoulder), and precision offer a significantly more user-friendly platform. Many carbines have the ability to mount optics, lights and lasers to accessory rails, which make target acquisition and engagement much easier. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg/300px-JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg/450px-JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg/600px-JR-Carbine-9mm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Just Right Carbines (JC carbine) in <a href="/wiki/9%C3%9719mm_Parabellum" title="9×19mm Parabellum">9×19mm Parabellum</a> with 3-9 X 42mm scope and red dot sight</figcaption></figure> <p>The longer barrel can offer increased velocity and, with it, greater energy and effective range due to the propellant having more time to burn. However, loss in bullet velocity can happen where the propellant is utilised before the bullet reaches the muzzle, combined with the friction from the barrel on the bullet. As long guns, pistol-caliber carbines may be less legally restricted than handguns in some jurisdictions. Compared to carbines chambered in <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">intermediate</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rifle_cartridge" title="Rifle cartridge">rifle</a> calibers, such as <a href="/wiki/.223_Remington" title=".223 Remington">.223 Remington</a> and <a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9754mmR" title="7.62×54mmR">7.62×54mmR</a>, pistol-caliber carbines generally experience less of an increase in <a href="/wiki/External_ballistics" title="External ballistics">external ballistic</a> properties as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder#Physical_variations" title="Smokeless powder">propellant</a>. The drawback is that one loses the primary benefits of a handgun, i.e. portability and concealability, resulting in a weapon almost the size of, but less accurate than, a long-gun, but not much more powerful than a pistol. </p><p>Also widely produced are semi-automatic and typically longer-barreled derivatives of select-fire <a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">submachine guns</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/FN_P90#Semi-automatic_models" title="FN P90">FN PS90</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_UMP#Variants" title="Heckler & Koch UMP">HK USC</a>, <a href="/wiki/KRISS_Vector" title="KRISS Vector">KRISS Vector</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson carbine</a>, <a href="/wiki/CZ_Scorpion_Evo_3" title="CZ Scorpion Evo 3">CZ Scorpion S1 carbine</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Uzi#Civilian_variants" title="Uzi">Uzi carbine</a>. In order to be sold legally in many countries, the barrel must meet a minimum length (16 inches (410 mm) in the United States). So the original submachine gun is given a legal-length barrel and made into a semi-automatic firearm, transforming it into a carbine. Though less common, pistol-caliber conversions of <a href="/wiki/Centerfire_ammunition" title="Centerfire ammunition">centerfire</a> rifles like the <a href="/wiki/AR-15" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-15">AR-15</a> are commercially available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_defence_pistol">Land defence pistol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Land defence pistol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a> era of South Africa and the <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian_Bush_War" title="Rhodesian Bush War">Rhodesian Bush War</a>/<a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a>, a semi-automatic-only pistol-calibre carbine based on submachine guns existed for civilian personal protection as <i>land defence pistol</i>s (LDP).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known examples were the Bell & White 84,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> BHS Rhogun, <a href="/wiki/MAC-10#Cobra_carbine" title="MAC-10">Cobra Mk1</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GM-16, Kommando LDP,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Northwood R-76,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paramax, <a href="/wiki/Sanna_77" title="Sanna 77">Sanna 77</a> and TS III. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shoulder-stocked_handgun">Shoulder-stocked handgun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shoulder-stocked handgun"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG/300px-Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG/450px-Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG/600px-Mauser_C96_M1916_Red_9_7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mauser_C96" title="Mauser C96">Mauser C96</a> "Red 9" variant with attached <a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">shoulder-stock</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some handguns used to come from the factory with mounting lugs for a shoulder stock, notably including the "Broomhandle" <a href="/wiki/Mauser_C96" title="Mauser C96">Mauser C96</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luger_pistol" title="Luger pistol">Luger P.08</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning Hi-Power</a>. In the case of the first two, the pistol could come with a hollow wooden stock that doubled as a holster. </p><p>Carbine conversion kits are commercially available for many other pistols, including <a href="/wiki/M1911_pistol" title="M1911 pistol">M1911</a>, and most <a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glocks</a>. These can either be simple shoulder stocks fitted to a pistol or full carbine conversion kits, which are at least 26 in (660 mm) long and replace the pistol's barrel with one at least 16 in (410 mm) long for compliance with the United States law. In the United States, fitting a shoulder stock to a handgun with a barrel less than 16 inches (410 mm) long possibly turns said firearm into a <a href="/wiki/Short-barreled_rifle" title="Short-barreled rifle">short-barreled rifle</a>, which may be in violation of the <a href="/wiki/National_Firearms_Act" title="National Firearms Act">National Firearms Act</a>; this is currently being adjudicated by the courts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the National Firearms Act, firearms with shoulder stocks or originally manufactured as a rifle and barrels less than 16 in (410 mm) in length are classified as short-barreled rifles. Short-barreled rifles are restricted similarly to <a href="/wiki/Sawed-off_shotgun#United_States" title="Sawed-off shotgun">short-barreled shotguns</a>, requiring a $200 tax paid prior to manufacture or transfer – a process which can take several months. Because of this, firearms with barrels of less than 16 in (410 mm) and a shoulder stock are uncommon. A list of firearms not covered by the NFA due to their antique status may be found here<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or due to their <i>Curio and Relic</i> status may be found here;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these lists includes a number of carbines with barrels less than the minimum legal length and firearms that are "primarily collector's items and are not likely to be used as weapons and, therefore, are excluded from the provisions of the National Firearms Act." <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a>, as their own class of firearm, are not subject to requirements of other class firearms. </p><p>Distinct from simple shoulder stock kits, full carbine conversion kits are not classified as short-barreled rifles. By replacing the pistol barrel with one at least 16 in (410 mm) in length and having an overall length of at least 26 in (660 mm), a carbine converted pistol may be treated as a standard rifle under Title I of the <a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Act_of_1968" title="Gun Control Act of 1968">Gun Control Act of 1968</a> (GCA).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, certain "Broomhandle" Mauser C96, Luger, and Browning Hi-Power Curio & Relic pistols with their originally issued stock attached only may retain their pistol classification. </p><p>Carbines without a stock and not originally manufactured as a rifle are not classified as rifles or short barreled rifles. A carbine manufactured under 26 in (660 mm) in length <a href="/wiki/Foregrip#Legality_on_pistols_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Foregrip">without a forward vertical grip</a> will be a pistol and, state law notwithstanding, can be carried concealed without creating an unregistered <a href="/wiki/Title_II_weapons#Any_other_weapon" title="Title II weapons">Any Other Weapon</a>. A nearly identical carbine with an overall length of 26 in (660 mm) or greater is simply an unclassified firearm under Title I of the Gun Control Act of 1968, as the Any Other Weapon catch-all only applies to firearms under 26 in (660 mm) or that have been concealed. However, a modification intending to fire from the shoulder and bypass the regulation of short-barreled rifles is considered the unlawful possession and manufacture of an unregistered short-barreled rifle. </p><p>In some historical cases, the term <i>machine carbine</i> was the official title for submachine guns, such as the British <a href="/wiki/Sten" title="Sten">Sten</a> and Australian <a href="/wiki/Owen_gun" title="Owen gun">Owen guns</a>. The semiautomatic-only version of the <a href="/wiki/Sterling_submachine_gun" title="Sterling submachine gun">Sterling submachine gun</a> was also officially called a carbine. The original Sterling semi-auto would be classed a short-barrel rifle under the U.S. National Firearms Act, but fully legal long-barrel versions of the Sterling have been made for the U.S. collector market.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/carbine" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/carbine">carbine</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carbines" title="List of carbines">List of carbines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dual-purpose_handgun/rifle_cartridges" title="Category:Dual-purpose handgun/rifle cartridges">Dual-purpose handgun/rifle cartridges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=carbine">"Carbine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Carbine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcarbine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carbine" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Carbine">Carbine</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carbine&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US3611872A/en">"Lightweight compact rifle"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lightweight+compact+rifle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatents.google.com%2Fpatent%2FUS3611872A%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/carbine">"Carbine"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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SOF Weapons, Bell & White 84, South Africa's New Machine Pistol. Text & Photos by Brady Ridgeway. February 86, Page 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30029445">"Cobra Mk1 pistol-carbine"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cobra+Mk1+pistol-carbine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwm.org.uk%2Fcollections%2Fitem%2Fobject%2F30029445&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=2071">"THE KOMMANDO L.D.P. - Small Arms Review"</a>. February 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+KOMMANDO+L.D.P.+-+Small+Arms+Review&rft.date=2004-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallarmsreview.com%2Fdisplay.article.cfm%3Fidarticles%3D2071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historicalfirearms.info/post/136070368069/northwood-r-76-the-northwood-r-76-was-9mm/embed">"Tumblr"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tumblr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicalfirearms.info%2Fpost%2F136070368069%2Fnorthwood-r-76-the-northwood-r-76-was-9mm%2Fembed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atf.gov/file/84401/download">"Curios or Relics List — Update March 2001 through May 2005"</a>. <i>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Alcohol%2C+Tobacco%2C+Firearms+and+Explosives&rft.atitle=Curios+or+Relics+List+%E2%80%94+Update+March+2001+through+May+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Ffile%2F84401%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atf.gov/file/84376/download">"Curios or Relics List — Update January 2009 through June 2010"</a>. <i>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bureau+of+Alcohol%2C+Tobacco%2C+Firearms+and+Explosives&rft.atitle=ATF+Rule+2011-4+pertaining+to+Carbine+Conversion+Units&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atf.gov%2Ffile%2F55526%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACarbine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbine&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Beard, Ross E. <i>Carbine : the story of David Marshall Williams</i>. Williamstown, New Jersey: Phillips, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-932572-26-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-932572-26-X">0-932572-26-X</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/757855022">757855022</a></li> <li><i>Carbines : cal. .30 carbines M1, M1A1, M2 and M3</i>. Washington, D.C.: Headquarters, Departments of the Army and the Air Force, 1953.</li> <li>McAulay, John D. <i>Carbines of the Civil War, 1861–1865</i>. Union City, Tennessee: Pioneer Press, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913159-45-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913159-45-3">978-0-913159-45-3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8111324">8111324</a></li> <li>McAulay, John D. <i>Carbines of the U.S. Cavalry, 1861–1905</i>. Lincoln, Rhode Island: Andrew Mowbray Publishers, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-917218-70-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-917218-70-1">0-917218-70-1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36087526">36087526</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Carbine_cartridges" title="Template:Carbine cartridges"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Carbine_cartridges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Carbine cartridges (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Carbine_cartridges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Carbine cartridges"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Carbine_cartridges1204" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Carbine cartridges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Carbine cartridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.30_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title=".30 Carbine">.30 Carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7%C3%9733mm_Sako" title="7×33mm Sako">7×33mm Sako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7.92%C3%9733mm_Kurz" title="7.92×33mm Kurz">7.92×33mm Kurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.35_Remington" title=".35 Remington">.35 Remington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.351_Winchester_Self-Loading" title=".351 Winchester Self-Loading">.351 Winchester Self-Loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.345_Winchester_Self-Loading" title=".345 Winchester Self-Loading">.345 Winchester Self-Loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.401_Winchester_Self-Loading" title=".401 Winchester Self-Loading">.401 Winchester Self-Loading</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg/85px-.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg/128px-.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg/170px-.30_Carbine_Ball_Mk1_Great_Britain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="1525" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Carbine capable handgun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7.62%C3%9738mmR" title="7.62×38mmR">7.62×38mmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9721mm_Gyurza" title="9×21mm Gyurza">9×21mm Gyurza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9730mm_Grom" title="9×30mm Grom">9×30mm Grom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9723mm_Largo" title="9×23mm Largo">9×23mm Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9%C3%9725mm_Dillon" title="9×25mm Dillon">9×25mm Dillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9mm_Major" title="9mm Major">9mm Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10mm_Auto" title="10mm Auto">10mm Auto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11.3%C3%9736mmR" title="11.3×36mmR">11.3×36mmR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.22_Remington_Jet" title=".22 Remington Jet">.22 Remington Jet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.220_Rook" title=".220 Rook">.220 Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.221_Remington_Fireball" title=".221 Remington Fireball">.221 Remington Fireball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.297/250_Rook" title=".297/250 Rook">.297/250 Rook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38/.45_Clerke" title=".38/.45 Clerke">.38/.45 Clerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38_Super" title=".38 Super">.38 Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.380_Long" title=".380 Long">.380 Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.356_TSW" title=".356 TSW">.356 TSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.357_SIG" title=".357 SIG">.357 SIG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.32-20_Winchester" title=".32-20 Winchester">.32-20 Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.38-40_Winchester" title=".38-40 Winchester">.38-40 Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.44-40_Winchester" title=".44-40 Winchester">.44-40 Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.40_S%26W" title=".40 S&W">.40 S&W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.40_Super" title=".40 Super">.40 Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.400_Cor-Bon" title=".400 Cor-Bon">.400 Cor-Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.41_AE" class="mw-redirect" title=".41 AE">.41 AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.429_DE" title=".429 DE">.429 DE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_NAACO" class="mw-redirect" title=".45 NAACO">.45 NAACO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_Remington%E2%80%93Thompson" title=".45 Remington–Thompson">.45 Remington–Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.45_Super" title=".45 Super">.45 Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.454_Casull" title=".454 Casull">.454 Casull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.460_Rowland" title=".460 Rowland">.460 Rowland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.475_Linebaugh" title=".475 Linebaugh">.475 Linebaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.480_Ruger" title=".480 Ruger">.480 Ruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.50_AE" class="mw-redirect" title=".50 AE">.50 AE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.500_Bushwhacker" title=".500 Bushwhacker">.500 Bushwhacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.500_Linebaugh" title=".500 Linebaugh">.500 Linebaugh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overpressure_ammunition" title="Overpressure ammunition">Overpressure ammunition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_defense_weapon#PDW_cartridges" title="Personal defense weapon">PDW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbine&oldid=1281852870#Carbine_rifle">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbine&oldid=1281852870#Carbine_rifle</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Carbines" title="Category:Carbines">Carbines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_weapons" title="Category:18th-century weapons">18th-century 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