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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melchior_(Heiliger)" title="Melchior (Heiliger) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Melchior (Heiliger)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rey_Melchor" title="Rey Melchor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rey Melchor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltxor_erregea" title="Meltxor erregea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meltxor erregea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkior_(mag)" title="Melkior (mag) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Melkior (mag)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melkior" title="Melkior – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Melkior" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Мелхиор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мелхиор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">One of the Biblical Magi</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Melchior</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_(cropped)3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%293.jpg/250px-Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%293.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%293.jpg/375px-Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%293.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%293.jpg/500px-Gerard_David_-_Adoration_of_the_Kings_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%293.jpg 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="753" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail of Melchior in <a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Kings_(David,_London)" title="Adoration of the Kings (David, London)"><i>Adoration of the Kings</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_David" title="Gerard David">Gerard David</a>, c. 1515</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Three Magi, Three Kings, Three Wise Men</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Congregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Congregation">Pre-Congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Three_Kings" title="Shrine of the Three Kings">Shrine of the Three Kings</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January (Date of his Death) <br /> 6 January (<a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">King bearing <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">gifts</a>, king on a <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camel</a>, three <a href="/wiki/Crown_(headgear)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown (headgear)">crowns</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Epilepsy" title="Epilepsy">Epilepsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder" title="Thunder">thunder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorists" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorists">motorists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrims">pilgrims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">playing card manufacturers</a>, sawmen, <a href="/wiki/Sawyer_(occupation)" title="Sawyer (occupation)">sawyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travel" title="Travel">travellers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merchants" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchants">travelling merchants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Melchior</b>, or <b> Melichior</b>, was purportedly one of the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> (along with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Caspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Caspar">Caspar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balthazar_(Magus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Balthazar (Magus)">Balthazar</a>) who visited the infant <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> after he was <a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">born</a>. Melchior was often referred to as the oldest member of the Magi. He was traditionally called the King of Persia and brought the gift of gold to Jesus. In the <a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christian</a> church, he is regarded as a saint (as are the other two Magi). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tradition">Tradition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchior_(magus)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_%282%29.jpg/220px-Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_%282%29.jpg/330px-Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_%282%29.jpg/440px-Girolamo_da_Santacroce_-_The_Adoration_of_the_Three_Kings_-_Walters_37261_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption><i>The Adoration of the Three Kings</i> by <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_da_Santacroce" title="Girolamo da Santacroce">Girolamo da Santacroce</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Gospels in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a> do not give the names of the Magi, or even their number; however, their traditional names are ascribed to a Greek manuscript from 500 AD translated into Latin and commonly accepted as the source of the names.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melchior was described by <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> in the 8th century as being "an old man, with white hair and long beard."<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melchior is also commonly referred to as the King of Persia.<sup id="cite_ref-cnn_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnn-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a>, the Magi first travelled to the palace of <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, who then asked for the Magi to find the <a href="/wiki/Child_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Child Jesus">Child Jesus</a> and report back to him. Upon arriving at the house,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Magi worshipped him and opened their gifts, with Melchior giving the gift of gold to signify Jesus' kingship over the world.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a medieval saints calendar, following his return to Persia, Melchior met up with the other Magi again in 54 AD in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Armenia_(antiquity)" title="Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)">Kingdom of Armenia</a> to celebrate Christmas before dying aged 116 on 1 January 55 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-cath_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cath-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commemoration">Commemoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchior_(magus)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Commemoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Melchior, along with the other Magi, is purported to be buried in the <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_the_Three_Kings" title="Shrine of the Three Kings">Shrine of the Three Kings</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a> following his remains being moved from <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> by <a href="/wiki/Eustorgius_I" title="Eustorgius I">Eustorgius I</a> in 314 AD to <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. In 1164, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor">Fredrick Barbarossa</a> moved them to Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Melchior is commemorated on the Feast of <a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a> along with the other members of the Magi<sup id="cite_ref-cath_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cath-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but is also commemorated in <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> with his feast day, 6 January.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melchior_(magus)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Metzger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Metzger">Metzger, Bruce</a>, <i>New Testament Studies: Philological, Versional, and Patristic, Volume 10</i>, 1980, BRILL, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004061630" title="Special:BookSources/9004061630">9004061630</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130108091511/http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-906514">"Three Kings Balthazar, Gaspar, Melchior"</a>. CNN. 6 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-906514">the original</a> on 8 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Kings+Balthazar%2C+Gaspar%2C+Melchior.&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fireport.cnn.com%2Fdocs%2FDOC-906514&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchior+%28magus%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%202:11&version=nrsv">Matthew 2:11</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/people-cultures-in-the-bible/jesus-historical-jesus/why-did-the-magi-bring-gold-frankincense-and-myrrh/">"Why Did the Magi Bring Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh?"</a>. Biblical Archaeology Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Did+the+Magi+Bring+Gold%2C+Frankincense+and+Myrrh%3F&rft.pub=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fpeople-cultures-in-the-bible%2Fjesus-historical-jesus%2Fwhy-did-the-magi-bring-gold-frankincense-and-myrrh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchior+%28magus%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman1978" class="citation book cs1">Freeman, Margaret (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofthreeking0000joan/page/67"><i>The story of the Three Kings: Melchior, Balthasar and Jaspar</i></a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storyofthreeking0000joan/page/67">67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870991806" title="Special:BookSources/9780870991806"><bdi>9780870991806</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+story+of+the+Three+Kings%3A+Melchior%2C+Balthasar+and+Jaspar&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780870991806&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofthreeking0000joan%2Fpage%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchior+%28magus%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cath-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cath_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cath_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/the-magi.html">"The Magi"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Magi&rft.pub=Catholic+Education&rft.date=2000-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholiceducation.org%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fcatholic-contributions%2Fthe-magi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMelchior+%28magus%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Lowenthal, <i>The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History</i> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), xvi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09527a.htm">"Magi"</a>. Catholic Encyclopedia. 1 October 1910<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Template:Nativity of Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Template talk:Nativity of Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nativity of Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nativity_of_Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Nativity of Jesus">Nativity of Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Magi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melchior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_(magus)" title="Caspar (magus)">Caspar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthazar_(magus)" title="Balthazar (magus)">Balthazar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Shepherds" title="Adoration of the Shepherds">Shepherds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_(1622).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/220px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/330px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg/440px-Gerard_van_Honthorst_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_%281622%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1690" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Place</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi#Gifts" title="Biblical Magi">Gifts of the Magi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrh" title="Myrrh">Myrrh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Narratives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1" title="Matthew 1">Matthew 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:18" title="Matthew 1:18">Matthew 1:18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:19" title="Matthew 1:19">Matthew 1:19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:20" title="Matthew 1:20">Matthew 1:20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:21" title="Matthew 1:21">Matthew 1:21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:22" title="Matthew 1:22">Matthew 1:22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:23" title="Matthew 1:23">Matthew 1:23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:24" title="Matthew 1:24">Matthew 1:24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_1:25" title="Matthew 1:25">Matthew 1:25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_2:11" title="Matthew 2:11">Matthew 2:11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Adoration_of_the_Magi_in_art" title="Category:Adoration of the Magi in art">In art</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luke_2" title="Luke 2">Luke 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_to_the_shepherds" title="Annunciation to the shepherds">Annunciation to the shepherds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manger" title="Manger">Manger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">Virgin birth of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph%27s_dreams" title="Saint Joseph's dreams">Saint Joseph's dreams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_later_culture" title="Nativity of Jesus in later culture">In culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Nativity of Jesus in art">In art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_the_Nativity_of_Jesus" title="Category:Films about the Nativity of Jesus">In film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batlejka" title="Batlejka">Batlejka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_village" title="Christmas village">Christmas village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_szopka" title="Kraków szopka">Szopka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Jesus_theft" title="Baby Jesus theft">theft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_play" title="Nativity play">Nativity play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertep" title="Vertep">Vertep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vertep_(Serbian)" title="Vertep (Serbian)">Serbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nativity_of_Jesus_in_art" title="Category:Nativity of Jesus in art">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remembrances</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent" title="Advent">Advent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_Fast" title="Nativity Fast">Nativity Fast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Epiphany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Epiphany" title="Template:Epiphany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Epiphany" title="Template talk:Epiphany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Epiphany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Epiphany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Epiphany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Calendar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_(holiday)" title="Epiphany (holiday)">Epiphany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epiphany_season" title="Epiphany season">Epiphany season</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_Time" title="Ordinary Time">Ordinary Time</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Week_of_Prayer_for_Christian_Unity" title="Week of Prayer for Christian Unity">Week of Prayer for Christian Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presentation_of_Jesus_at_the_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Presentation of Jesus at the Temple">Presentation of Jesus at the Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_water_in_Eastern_Christianity#Great_Blessing_of_Waters_at_Theophany" title="Holy water in Eastern Christianity">Great Blessing of Waters at Theophany</a> (Eastern Orthodox)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_year#Epiphany_(Denha)" title="Liturgical year">Epiphany feast days</a> (East Syriac Rite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timkat" title="Timkat">Timkat</a> (Ethiopian Orthodox Church)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Christmas" title="Little Christmas">Little Christmas</a> (Julian Calendar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_the_Transfiguration" title="Feast of the Transfiguration">Feast of the Transfiguration</a> (Certain Protestants)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_of_Bethlehem" title="Star of Bethlehem">Star of Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adoration_of_the_Magi" title="Adoration of the Magi">Adoration of the Magi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balthazar_(magus)" title="Balthazar (magus)">Balthazar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/San_Baltasar" title="San Baltasar">San Baltasar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_(magus)" title="Caspar (magus)">Caspar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Melchior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptism of the Lord">Baptism of the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_at_Cana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marriage at Cana">Marriage at Cana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_cake" title="King cake">King cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Night_(holiday)" title="Twelfth Night (holiday)">Epiphany Eve</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_of_Magi" title="Cavalcade of Magi">Cavalcade of Magi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalking_the_door" title="Chalking the door">Chalking the door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maghtas#Rediscovery_after_1994_and_tourism" title="Al-Maghtas">Pilgrimage to Al-Maghtas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badalisc" title="Badalisc">Badalisc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Befana" title="Befana">La Befana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_star" title="Moravian star">Moravian star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Knut%27s_Day" title="Saint Knut's Day">Saint Knut's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_singers" title="Star singers">Star singers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hymns<br />and carols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As_with_Gladness_Men_of_Old" title="As with Gladness Men of Old">As with Gladness Men of Old</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brightest_and_Best" title="Brightest and Best">Brightest and Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stern_%C3%BCber_Bethlehem" title="Stern über Bethlehem">Stern über Bethlehem</a> (Star above Bethlehem)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Kings" title="The Three Kings">The Three Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Three_Kings" title="We Three Kings">We Three Kings of Orient Are</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wie_sch%C3%B6n_leuchtet_der_Morgenstern" title="Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern">Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern</a> (How Lovely Shines the Morning Star)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Noted works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_church_cantatas_by_liturgical_occasion#Epiphany_(6_January)" title="List of church cantatas by liturgical occasion">Church cantatas for the Feast of Epiphany</a> (and following)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgelb%C3%BCchlein#Epiphany_BWV_616–617" title="Orgelbüchlein"><i>Orgelbüchlein</i> § Epiphany BWV 616–617</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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