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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>字母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>发音</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-发音-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关发音子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-发音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-辅音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辅音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>辅音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辅音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>元音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-使用情況" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#使用情況"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>使用情況</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-使用情況-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-方言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>方言</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-方言-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关方言子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-方言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-方言語法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#方言語法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>方言語法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-方言語法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-未來式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#未來式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>未來式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-未來式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-句法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#句法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>句法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-句法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不同方言的人稱代名詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不同方言的人稱代名詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>不同方言的人稱代名詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不同方言的人稱代名詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-不同方言的所有格代名詞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#不同方言的所有格代名詞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.4</span> <span>不同方言的所有格代名詞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-不同方言的所有格代名詞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>文法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書寫語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書寫語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>書寫語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書寫語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-例子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#例子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>例子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-例子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">挪威语</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。164种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-164" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">164种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%88%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Анорвег бызшәа – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Анорвег бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noors" title="Noors – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Noors" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegische_Sprache" title="Norwegische Sprache – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Norwegische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%96%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%8C%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ኖርዌይኛ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኖርዌይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_noruego" title="Idioma noruego – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma noruego" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%B0isc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Norðisc sprǣc – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Norðisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नार्वेजियन भाषा – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नार्वेजियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة النرويجية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة النرويجية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="النورڤيجية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="النورڤيجية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%89" title="نرويجى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نرويجى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noruegu" title="Noruegu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Noruegu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norgava" title="Norgava – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Norgava" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C3%A7_dili" title="Norveç dili – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Norveç dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نوروژ دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نوروژ دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Норвег теле – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Норвег теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Norv%C3%A9gia" title="Basa Norvégia – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Norvégia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuorvegu_kalba" title="Nuorvegu kalba – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nuorvegu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нарвежская мова – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нарвежская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нарвэская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нарвэская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норвежки език – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Норвежки език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="নরওয়েজীয় ভাষা – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নরওয়েজীয় ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvegeg" title="Norvegeg – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Norvegeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Norveški jezik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Norveški jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Норвеги хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Норвеги хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noruec" title="Noruec – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Noruec" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2%CC%A4-%C5%ADi-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Nò̤-ŭi-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nò̤-ŭi-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Норвегийн мотт – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Норвегийн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinulongang_Norwego" title="Pinulongang Norwego – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinulongang Norwego" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%DB%8C" title="زمانی نەرویژی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی نەرویژی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C5%A1tina" title="Norština – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Norština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Норвег чĕлхи – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Норвег чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwyeg" title="Norwyeg – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Norwyeg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsk_(sprog)" title="Norsk (sprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Norsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegische_Sprache" title="Norwegische Sprache – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norwegische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwecki" title="Norwecki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Norwecki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegbe" title="Norwegbe – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Norwegbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Νορβηγική γλώσσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νορβηγική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Norwegian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvega_lingvo" title="Norvega lingvo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Norvega lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_noruego" title="Idioma noruego – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma noruego" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norra_keel" title="Norra keel – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Norra keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvegiera" title="Norvegiera – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Norvegiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="زبان نروژی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نروژی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norjan_kieli" title="Norjan kieli – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norjan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Norskt mál – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norv%C3%A9gien" title="Norvégien – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norvégien" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norv%C3%A8gien" title="Norvègien – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Norvègien" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norw%C3%A4isch" title="Norwäisch – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Norwäisch" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noarsk" title="Noarsk – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Noarsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ioruais" title="An Ioruais – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ioruais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirribhis" title="Nirribhis – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nirribhis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norueguesa" title="Lingua norueguesa – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua norueguesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noruega%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Noruegañe’ẽ – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Noruegañe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%89%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%A8_%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%BE" title="નૉર્વેજિયન ભાષા – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નૉર્વેજિયન ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norlynnish" title="Norlynnish – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Norlynnish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2-v%C3%AE-ng%C3%AE" title="Nò-vî-ngî – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nò-vî-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%AA" title="נורווגית – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורווגית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नॉर्वेजियाई भाषा – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नॉर्वेजियाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_bhasa" title="Norwegian bhasa – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Norwegian bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Norveški jezik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Norveški jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norv%C3%A9g_nyelv" title="Norvég nyelv – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Norvég nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Նորվեգերեն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նորվեգերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norvegian" title="Lingua norvegian – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua norvegian" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia" title="Bahasa Norwegia – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Norwegia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Norwego" title="Pagsasao a Norwego – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Norwego" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvegiana_linguo" title="Norvegiana linguo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Norvegiana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norska" title="Norska – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norvegese" title="Lingua norvegese – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua norvegese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="ノルウェー語 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノルウェー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Nurw%C3%A8gen" title="Basa Nurwègen – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Nurwègen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ნორვეგიული ენა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნორვეგიული ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Норуегэбзэ – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Норуегэбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia" title="Bahasa Norwegia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Norwegia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Норвег тілі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Норвег тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B4%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="노르웨이어 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노르웨이어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Норвег тил – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Норвег тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%86_%D8%B2%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ناروییَن زَبان – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ناروییَن زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_norw%C3%AAc%C3%AE" title="Zimanê norwêcî – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê norwêcî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Норвег кыв – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Норвег кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norgahek" title="Norgahek – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Norgahek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Норвег тили – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Норвег тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Norvegica" title="Lingua Norvegica – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Norvegica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegesch" title="Norwegesch – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Norwegesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsce_(lingua)" title="Norsce (lingua) – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Norsce (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noors" title="Noors – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Noors" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_norvegeise" title="Lengua norvegeise – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengua norvegeise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_nurvegesa" title="Lengua nurvegesa – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua nurvegesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norveg%C5%B3_kalba" title="Norvegų kalba – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Norvegų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norv%C4%93%C4%A3u_valoda" title="Norvēģu valoda – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Norvēģu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Норвегонь кяль – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Норвегонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_n%C3%B4rveziana" title="Fiteny nôrveziana – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny nôrveziana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Норвег йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Норвег йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Норвешки јазик – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Норвешки јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="നോർവീജിയൻ ഭാഷ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോർവീജിയൻ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Норвеги хэл – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Норвеги хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯣꯔꯋꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯣꯔꯋꯦꯖꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नॉर्वेजियन भाषा – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॉर्वेजियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Norway" title="Bahasa Norway – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Norway" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Норвегэнь кель – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Норвегэнь кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%98%DB%8C" title="نروژی – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نروژی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norweegsche_Spraak" title="Norweegsche Spraak – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Norweegsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noors" title="Noors – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Noors" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नर्वेली भाषा – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नर्वेली भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नर्वेजियन भाषा – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नर्वेजियन भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noors" title="Noors – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Noors" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Norsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsk" title="Norsk – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Norsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norv%C3%A9gien" title="Norvégien – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Norvégien" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvegian" title="Norvegian – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Norvegian" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norjan_kieli" title="Norjan kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Norjan kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Норвегиаг æвзаг – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Норвегиаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਨਾਰਵੇਜੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਰਵੇਜੀਆਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Noruegu" title="Amánung Noruegu – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Noruegu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwedji" title="Norwedji – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Norwedji" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_norweski" title="Język norweski – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język norweski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%90%DA%98%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="ناروېژي ژبه – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ناروېژي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_norueguesa" title="Língua norueguesa – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua norueguesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuriqi_simi" title="Nuriqi simi – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Nuriqi simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norvegiaisa" title="Lingua norvegiaisa – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua norvegiaisa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_norvegian%C4%83" title="Limba norvegiană – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba norvegiană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Норвежский язык – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норвежский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Норьскый язык – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Норьскый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_norvegesa" title="Limba norvegesa – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba norvegesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norviggisa" title="Lingua norviggisa – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua norviggisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_leid" title="Norse leid – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Norse leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1rogiella" title="Dárogiella – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Dárogiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Norveški jezik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Norveški jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Norwegian language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B3r%C4%8Dina" title="Nórčina – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nórčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Norveščina – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Norveščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%CA%BBa_Nouei" title="Faʻa Nouei – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Nouei" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1rukiel%C3%A2" title="Tárukielâ – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Tárukielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_norvegjeze" title="Gjuha norvegjeze – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha norvegjeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C5%A1ki_jezik" title="Norveški jezik – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Norveški jezik" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegisk" title="Norwegisk – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Norwegisk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norska" title="Norska – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinorwei" title="Kinorwei – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kinorwei" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwesko_godka" title="Norwesko godka – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Norwesko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="நோர்வே மொழி – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நோர்வே மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3%D3%A3" title="Забони норвегӣ – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони норвегӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษานอร์เวย์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษานอร์เวย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Noruwego" title="Wikang Noruwego – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Noruwego" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norveci_zyvon" title="Norveci zyvon – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Norveci zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tok_Nowe" title="Tok Nowe – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tok Nowe" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norve%C3%A7%C3%A7e" title="Norveççe – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Norveççe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Норвег теле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Норвег теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Норвег кыл – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Норвег кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8B%DB%90%DA%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95_%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="نورۋېگىيە تىلى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نورۋېگىيە تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Норвезька мова – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Норвезька мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DA%A9" title="نورشک – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نورشک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norveg_tili" title="Norveg tili – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Norveg tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvegijan_kel%27" title="Norvegijan kel' – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Norvegijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Na_Uy" title="Tiếng Na Uy – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Na Uy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noors" title="Noors – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Noors" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norg%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Norgänapük – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Norgänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norvedjin" title="Norvedjin – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Norvedjin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noruwego" title="Noruwego – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Noruwego" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="挪威语 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="挪威语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ნორვეგიული ნინა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნორვეგიული ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A9" title="נארוועגיש – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נארוועגיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_ar%C3%A1_N%E1%BB%8D%CC%81rw%C3%A8y" title="Èdè ará Nọ́rwèy – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè ará Nọ́rwèy" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B4ors" title="Nôors – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Nôors" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1-ui-g%C3%AD" title="Ná-ui-gí – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ná-ui-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%96%87" title="挪威文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="挪威文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9043#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%258C%25AA%25E5%25A8%2581%25E8%25AF%25AD"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%258C%25AA%25E5%25A8%2581%25E8%25AF%25AD"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" 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.infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84078810">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">挪威语</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight: bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="no">Norsk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">发音</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><small></small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:挪威語國際音標">[ˈnɔʂk]</a></span><small></small> (东部、中部及北部)<br /> <small></small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:挪威語國際音標">[ˈnɔʁsk]</a></span><small></small> (西部及南部)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">母语国家和地区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">母语使用人数</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5,320,000 （2020）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E7%B3%BB%E5%B1%9E%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="语言系属分类">語系</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li>西斯堪的纳维亚<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1em;padding-left:0"><li><b>挪威语</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">官方地位</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">作为官方语言</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/22px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/33px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/44px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%83" title="北歐理事會">北歐理事會</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">管理机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="挪威語言委員會">挪威語言委員會</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lawngreen;;">語言代碼</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?iso_639_1=no">no</a></span></code> — 挪威语<br /><code>nb</code> — 书面挪威语<br /><code>nn</code> — 新挪威语</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nor">nor</a></code> — 挪威语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nob" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nob">nob</a></code> — 书面挪威语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nno" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nno">nno</a></code> — 新挪威语</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">分別為：<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nor" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nor">nor</a></code> – 挪威语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nob" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nob">nob</a></code> – 书面挪威语<br /><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/nno" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:nno">nno</a></code> – 新挪威语</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwegian_Language.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Norwegian_Language.png/300px-Norwegian_Language.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Norwegian_Language.png/450px-Norwegian_Language.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Norwegian_Language.png/600px-Norwegian_Language.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>挪威語</b>（挪威語：<span lang="no">Norsk</span>）简称<b>挪語</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼語族">日耳曼語族</a>的一個分支，普遍通用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>，是挪威的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="官方語言">官方語言</a>。挪威語與<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a>十分相似，所以這三種語言的人可以互相溝通。由於丹麥語從十六世紀至十九世紀期間一直是挪威地區的標準<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="书面语言">書面語言</a>，以致近代的挪威語發展一直都受著<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="愛國主義">愛國主義</a>、城鄉隔閡以及<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="挪威文學史（页面不存在）">挪威文學史</a>的爭議所影響。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81" title="挪威語言衝突">根據挪威法律和政策</a>，現行的挪威語有兩套書寫形式，分別是<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a>（<span lang="no">bokmål</span>，又称音译<b>博克莫尔挪威语</b>）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a>（<span lang="no">nynorsk</span>，又音译<b>尼诺斯克挪威语</b>）。兩種書寫挪威語的形式分別溫和地代表著保守和激進的書寫表達方式。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a>還有他們非官方的版本，分別稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="國家挪威語">國家挪威語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="高地挪威語">高地挪威語</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>挪威語是從古諾爾斯語發展出來。它與丹麥及瑞典地區的語言分別不大。事實上，維京商人促使了古諾爾斯語在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>各地散佈。公元872年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" class="mw-disambig" title="哈拉尔一世">哈拉爾一世</a>統一了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>。當時開始使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%81%A9%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="盧恩字母">盧恩字母</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字母"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D"></span>字母</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：字母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>挪威语字母有29個。挪威语和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a>十分相似，而它们也使用相同的字母。 </p> <table style="margin:0.2em auto;padding:0;border:1px solid #ced8df;clear:both;width:36em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="30" style="background:#efefef;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a>和<a class="mw-selflink selflink">挪威语</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%92%8C%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="丹麦语和挪威语字母">字母</a> </th></tr> <tr lang="da"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a> </td></tr> <tr lang="da"> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">Æ</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">Ø</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a> </td> <td style="padding-left:0.15em;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">Å</a> </td> <td style="padding-right:0.15em;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a> </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发音"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E9.9F.B3"></span>发音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：发音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="挪威语音系学（页面不存在）">挪威语音系学</a></div> <p>尽管挪威语与瑞典语的语音系统十分相近，它们的方言之间仍然存在不少差异。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="辅音"><span id=".E8.BE.85.E9.9F.B3"></span>辅音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：辅音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>标准东部挪威语<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>音位 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" title="双唇音">双唇音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%BF%E9%BE%88%E9%9F%B3" title="齿龈音">齿龈音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%BE%8C%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦後音">颚龈音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B7%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="卷舌音">卷舌音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E8%85%AD%E9%9F%B3" title="软腭音">软腭音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E9%97%A8%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="声门音">声门音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">m</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">n</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɳ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ŋ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">p b</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">t d</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʈ ɖ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">k ɡ</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">f</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">s</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʃ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʂ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">h</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E9%9F%B3" title="边音">边音</a> </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ʋ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">l</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɭ</span> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">j</span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E9%9F%B3" title="闪音">闪音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɾ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>卷舌音只会在东部挪威方言的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="连音">连音</a>中出现：当/ɾ/连上/d/、/l/、/n/、/s/以及/t/时，会产生对应的卷舌音。 </p><p>音位<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɾ/</span>的实际音值取决于方言。在东部、中部以及北部的挪威语方言中，它是一个闪音<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɾ]</span>，但是在挪威的西部、南部的挪威语的使用者（以及部分东部的使用者）口中，它更多地以<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[χ]</span>或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʁ]</span>的形式出现，发音更加靠后。在挪威西北部的方言中，它以<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[r]</span>的形式出现，就像西班牙语的颤音r那样。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="元音"><span id=".E5.85.83.E9.9F.B3"></span>元音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：元音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>东部标准挪威语<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="元音">元音</a>音位 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="正写法">正写法</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:國際音標">国际音标</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>a </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɑ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ai </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɑɪ̯/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>au </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æʉ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e (短) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e (长) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/e/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e (弱) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ə/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ei </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æɪ/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i (短) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɪ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>i (长) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/i/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/u, o, ɔ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>oi </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɔʏ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>u </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʉ/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/u/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>y (短) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ʏ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>y (长) </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/y/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%86" title="Æ">æ</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/æ/</span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ø/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%98" title="Ø">ø</a>y </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/øʏ/</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%85" title="Å">å</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɔ/</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="使用情況"><span id=".E4.BD.BF.E7.94.A8.E6.83.85.E6.B3.81"></span>使用情況</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：使用情況"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在小學和初中裏，大約85.3%接受書面挪威語的教育，而14.5%則接受新挪威語的教育。而到了初二，學生則要同時學習兩種語言。在挪威的433個政區裏，161個宣佈他們希望使用書面挪威語與中央政府溝通，116個希望使用新挪威語，其餘的，即156個表示中立。在挪威的4549份刊物當中，92%使用書面挪威語，8%使用新挪威語。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="方言"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80"></span>方言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：方言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>挪威語方言通常被分為四塊方言區：北挪威方言（nordnorsk）、中部方言（trøndersk）、西部方言（vestlandsk）和東部方言（østnorsk）。有時候內地方言（midlandsmål）和南部方言（sørlandsk）會被視為第五和第六個方言區。這些方言的使用者通常能互相理解對方，但不同方言仍有獨特的口音、文法、單字和句法。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Norwegian_dialects.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Norwegian_dialects.PNG/220px-Norwegian_dialects.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Norwegian_dialects.PNG/330px-Norwegian_dialects.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Norwegian_dialects.PNG/440px-Norwegian_dialects.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1405" data-file-height="1856" /></a><figcaption>挪威方言分布圖</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="方言語法"><span id=".E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80.E8.AA.9E.E6.B3.95"></span>方言語法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：方言語法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="未來式"><span id=".E6.9C.AA.E4.BE.86.E5.BC.8F"></span>未來式</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：未來式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>未來式在不同地區有不同用法 "他要去旅行": </p> <dl><dd><i>Han kommer/kjem til å reise.</i></dd> <dd><i>Han blir å reise.</i></dd> <dd><i>Han blir reisan.</i></dd> <dd><i>Han skal reise.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="句法"><span id=".E5.8F.A5.E6.B3.95"></span>句法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：句法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不同方言有不同的句法。舉例來說，問句不一定要以「疑問詞」（如何、哪裡、甚麼、誰……）開頭。 </p><p><i>Hvor mye er klokken?</i>（書面挪威語） / <i>Kor mykje er klokka?</i>（新挪威語），直譯：時間多少？即為「幾點了？」可以用不同的形式表達： </p> <ul><li><i>E klokka mykje?</i>（直譯：時間很多嗎？）（強調「時間」）</li> <li><i>E a mytti, klokka?</i>（直譯：很多嗎，時間？）（強調係動詞「是」）</li> <li><i>Ka e klokka?</i> （直譯：時間是甚麼？）</li> <li><i>Ka klokka e?</i> （直譯：時間是甚麼？）（倒裝），「時間」可以用另外一個單字表達，<i>Ke ure' e?</i></li> <li><i>Å er 'o?</i> （直譯：她是甚麼？）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="不同方言的人稱代名詞"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E5.90.8C.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80.E7.9A.84.E4.BA.BA.E7.A8.B1.E4.BB.A3.E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E"></span>不同方言的人稱代名詞</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：不同方言的人稱代名詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>地區</th> <th>我</th> <th>你</th> <th>他</th> <th>她</th> <th>它</th> <th>我們</th> <th>你們</th> <th>他們 </th></tr> <tr> <td>書面挪威語</td> <td>Jeg</td> <td>Du</td> <td>Han</td> <td>Hun</td> <td>Det</td> <td>Vi</td> <td>Dere</td> <td>De, dem </td></tr> <tr> <td>新挪威語</td> <td>Eg</td> <td>Du</td> <td>Han</td> <td>Ho</td> <td>Det</td> <td>Vi, me</td> <td>De, dykk, dokker</td> <td>Dei </td></tr> <tr> <td>挪威東南部</td> <td>Jé, jè, jei</td> <td>Du, ru, u</td> <td>Hæn, hænnom (dative)</td> <td>Hun, ho, hu, ha, a, henner</td> <td>Det</td> <td>Vi, oss, øss, æss, vårs</td> <td>Dere, ere, døkk, dø</td> <td>Dem, rem, 'rdem, em, døm, dom </td></tr> <tr> <td>西部和南部</td> <td>Eg, e, æ, æg, æi, æig, jeg, ej, i</td> <td>Du, dø, døø, døh,</td> <td>Han, an, ha'an</td> <td>Hun, ho, hu, hau, hon, u</td> <td>Det, da, d'</td> <td>Vi, me, mi, mø</td> <td>Dere, då(k)ke, dåkkar, dåkk, de, derr, dåkki, dikko(n), deke, deko,</td> <td>De, dei, dæ, di, di'i </td></tr> <tr> <td>特倫德拉格和北部</td> <td>Æ, æg, i, eig, jæ, e, eg</td> <td>Du, dæ, dø, u, dæ'æ</td> <td>Han,Hanj, hin, hån</td> <td>Hun, hu, ho, a</td> <td>Det, da, dæ, e, denj, ta</td> <td>Vi, åss, oss, åkke, me, mi</td> <td>Dåkk, dåkke, dåkker, dåkkæ, dere, ere, dykk, di</td> <td>Dei, dem, dæm, 'em, di, r'ej </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="不同方言的所有格代名詞"><span id=".E4.B8.8D.E5.90.8C.E6.96.B9.E8.A8.80.E7.9A.84.E6.89.80.E6.9C.89.E6.A0.BC.E4.BB.A3.E5.90.8D.E8.A9.9E"></span>不同方言的所有格代名詞</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：不同方言的所有格代名詞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>地區</th> <th>我的</th> <th>你的</th> <th>他的</th> <th>她的</th> <th>它的</th> <th>我們的</th> <th>你們的</th> <th>他們的 </th></tr> <tr> <td>書面挪威語</td> <td>Min, mi, mitt</td> <td>Din, di, ditt</td> <td>Hans</td> <td>Hennes</td> <td>dens, dets</td> <td>Vår</td> <td>Deres</td> <td>Deres </td></tr> <tr> <td>新挪威語</td> <td>Min, mi, mitt</td> <td>Din, di, ditt</td> <td>Hans</td> <td>Hennar</td> <td>Rarely used. When used: dess</td> <td>Vår</td> <td>Dykkar</td> <td>Deira </td></tr> <tr> <td>挪威東南部</td> <td>Min, mi, mitt, mø</td> <td>Din, di, ditt</td> <td>Hans, hannes, hanns, hass</td> <td>Hennes, henners, hun sin, hos, hinnes</td> <td>Dets, det sitt</td> <td>Vårs, vørs, vår, 'år, våres</td> <td>Deres, døres,</td> <td>Dems, demmes, demma, demses, dem sitt, dommes </td></tr> <tr> <td>西部和南部</td> <td>Min, mi, mitt</td> <td>Din, di, ditt</td> <td>Hans, hannes,hannas, høns, hønnes</td> <td>Hennes,hons, hos, høvs, haus, hennar, hen(n)as</td> <td>nonexistent or dens, dets</td> <td>Vår, 'år, våres, våras, åkkas, åkka, aokan(s)</td> <td>Deres, dokkars, dokkar, dåkas, dekan, dekans</td> <td>Demmes, dies, dis, deisa, deis, daus, døvs, deira, <p>deira(n)s </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>特倫德拉格和北部</td> <td>Min, mi, mitt, mæjn mett</td> <td>Din, di, ditt, dij, dej'j</td> <td>Hans, Hannjes, hanses, hannes, hanner, hånner</td> <td>Hennes, hennjes, hunnes, henna, huns</td> <td>Dets, det sitt</td> <td>Vår, våkke, vår', våres, vårres</td> <td>Deres, dokkers, dokkes, 'eras</td> <td>Dems, demma, dæres, dæmmes, dæmmers </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文法"><span id=".E6.96.87.E6.B3.95"></span>文法</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：文法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="挪威語文法（页面不存在）">挪威語文法</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="書寫語言"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E5.AF.AB.E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>書寫語言</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：書寫語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a></div> <p>就像其他歐洲語言，挪威語有一個官方的諮詢的委員會——挪威語言會（<span lang="no">Språkrådet</span>）——挪威文化部決定和認可挪威語官方的文法、拼法和詞語。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="例子"><span id=".E4.BE.8B.E5.AD.90"></span>例子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：例子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>以下通過幾個例句來對比書面挪威語和新挪威語。列表中還加入了其他的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="北日耳曼語支">北日耳曼語支</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a>的例句。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="100px" rowspan="2">语言 </th> <th colspan="5">例句 </th></tr> <tr> <th>我來自挪威。</th> <th>他叫甚麼名字？</th> <th>這是一匹馬。</th> <th>彩虹有很多顏色。 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥語">丹麥語</a></td> <td rowspan="3">Jeg kommer fra Norge</td> <td>Hvad hedder han?</td> <td rowspan="3">Dette er en hest</td> <td rowspan="2">Regnbuen har mange farver </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="國家挪威語">國家挪威語</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Hva heter han? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a></td> <td>Regnbuen har mange farger </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Eg kjem frå Noreg</td> <td rowspan="2">Kva heiter han?</td> <td rowspan="2">Dette er ein hest</td> <td>Regnbogen har mange fargar/leter<br />Regnbogen er mangleta </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="高地挪威語">高地挪威語</a></td> <td>Regnbogen hev mange leter<br />Regnbogen er manglìta </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古諾爾斯語">古諾爾斯語</a></td> <td>Ek kem frá Noregi</td> <td>Hvat heitir hann?</td> <td>Þetta er hross/Þessi er hestr</td> <td>Regnboginn er marglitr </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島語">冰島語</a></td> <td>Ég kem frá Noregi</td> <td>Hvað heitir hann?</td> <td>Þetta er hestur/hross</td> <td>Regnboginn er marglitur </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BE%85%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="法羅語">法羅語</a></td> <td>Eg eri úr Noregi/Norra</td> <td>Hvussu eitur hann?</td> <td>Hetta er eitt ross/ein hestur</td> <td>Ælabogin hevur nógvar litir/ Ælabogin er marglittur </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a></td> <td>Jag kommer från Norge</td> <td>Vad heter han?</td> <td>Detta är en häst</td> <td>Regnbågen har många färger </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古英語">古英語</a></td> <td>Ic cume fram Norwegan</td> <td>Hwat hatþ he?</td> <td>Þis is hors</td> <td>Se regnboga hæfð manige hiw </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德語</a></td> <td>Ich komme aus Norwegen</td> <td>Wie heißt er?</td> <td>Dieses (Das) ist ein Pferd</td> <td>Der Regenbogen hat viele Farben </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a></td> <td>Ik kom uit Noorwegen</td> <td>Hoe heet hij?</td> <td>Dit is een paard</td> <td>De regenboog heeft veel (vele) kleuren </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="南非語">南非語</a></td> <td>Ek kom van Noorweë af</td> <td>Wat is sy naam? (Hoe heet hy? - more archaic and formal)</td> <td>Dit is 'n perd</td> <td>Die reënboog het baie kleure </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西弗里斯語">西弗里斯語</a></td> <td>Ik kom út Noarwegen</td> <td>Hoe hjit er?</td> <td>Dit is in hynder</td> <td>De reinbôge hat in protte kleuren </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div><div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95" title="挪威語語法">挪威語語法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="挪威文化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Culture of Norway"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="挪威文化（页面不存在）">挪威文化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Norway" class="extiw" title="en:Culture of Norway"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Culture of Norway</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="no:"> 書面挪威語維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">维基百科提供如下语言版本：<b><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="nn:"> 新挪威語維基百科</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntnu.edu/norwegiancourse%7C">挪威科技大學挪威語線上課程 (NTNU)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年8月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080218151543/http://translate.google.com/translate_t#auto%7Czh-CN%7C">使用Google自动将挪威语翻译成简体中文</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20080218151543/http://translate.google.com/translate_t#auto%7Czh-TW%7C">使用Google自动将挪威语翻译成繁体中文</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.ucl.ac.uk/display/ScanStuds/Norwegian+Grammar%7C">挪威語語法</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.101languages.net/norwegian/grammar.html%7C">挪威語字彙</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exploringnorwegiangrammar.cappelendamm.no/%7C">挪威語課程</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mylanguages.org/learn_norwegian.php%7C">挪威語單字</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%97%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:日耳曼語族"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="日耳曼语族语言" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a>语言</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>根据<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语语文学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic philology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语语文学（页面不存在）">日耳曼语语文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_philology" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic philology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic philology</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="西日耳曼語支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" title="盎格鲁-弗里斯兰语组">盎格鲁语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="英語方言列表">英語方言列表</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E6%88%88%E8%AF%AD" title="芬戈语">芬戈语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%8B%89%E8%AF%AD" title="约拉语">约拉语</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="低地蘇格蘭語">低地蘇格蘭語</a> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="上古低地蘇格蘭語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">上古低地蘇格蘭語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古低地蘇格蘭語" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地蘇格蘭語（页面不存在）">中古低地蘇格蘭語</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">古弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">中古弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东弗里斯兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Frisian language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗里斯兰语（页面不存在）">东弗里斯兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Frisian_language" class="extiw" title="en:East Frisian language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Frisian language</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>埃姆斯 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="萨特弗里斯兰语">萨特弗里斯兰语</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>威悉</i> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wangerooge_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wangerooge Frisian（页面不存在）">Wangerooge Frisian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wursten_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wursten Frisian（页面不存在）">Wursten Frisian</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="北弗里斯兰语">北弗里斯兰语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>海岛 <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eiderstedt_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eiderstedt Frisian（页面不存在）">Eiderstedt</a></i></li> <li>Föhr–Amrum <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B6hr_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Föhr North Frisian（页面不存在）">Föhr</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amrum_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amrum North Frisian（页面不存在）">Amrum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heligoland_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heligoland Frisian（页面不存在）">Heligolandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sylt_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sylt North Frisian（页面不存在）">Sylt</a></li></ul></li> <li>大陆 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%B6kingharde_North_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bökingharde North Frisian（页面不存在）">Bökingharde</a> <ul><li>Mooring</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halligen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halligen Frisian（页面不存在）">Halligen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goesharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goesharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Goesharde</a> <ul><li>Northern</li> <li>Central</li> <li><i>Southern</i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karrharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karrharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Karrharde</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strand_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strand Frisian（页面不存在）">Strand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wiedingharde_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiedingharde Frisian（页面不存在）">Wiedingharde</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西弗里斯兰诸语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="West Frisian languages"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗里斯兰诸语（页面不存在）">西弗里斯兰诸语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Frisian_languages" class="extiw" title="en:West Frisian languages"><span lang="en" dir="auto">West Frisian languages</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindeloopen_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindeloopen Frisian（页面不存在）">Hindeloopen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schiermonnikoog_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schiermonnikoog Frisian（页面不存在）">Schiermonnikoog</a></li> <li>Westlauwers–Terschellings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="西弗里斯兰语">西弗里斯兰语</a> <ul><li>Clay Frisian</li> <li>Wood Frisian <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Westereendersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westereendersk（页面不存在）">Westereendersk</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terschelling_Frisian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terschelling Frisian（页面不存在）">Terschelling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C%E8%AA%9E" title="古撒克遜語">古撒克遜語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中世纪低地德语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西低地德语">西低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%8B%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E8%AF%AD" title="荷兰下萨克森语">荷兰下萨克森语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯泰灵韦夫方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stellingwarfs dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E7%81%B5%E9%9F%A6%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯泰灵韦夫方言（页面不存在）">斯泰灵韦夫方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellingwarfs_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Stellingwarfs dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stellingwarfs dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="特文特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tweants dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特文特方言（页面不存在）">特文特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweants_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Tweants dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tweants dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="格羅寧根方言">格羅寧根方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德伦特方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drèents dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德伦特方言（页面不存在）">德伦特方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%A8ents_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Drèents dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drèents dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li>Gelders-Overijssels <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Achterhooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Achterhooks（页面不存在）">Achterhooks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sallaans_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sallaans dialect（页面不存在）">Sallaans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urkers_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urkers dialect（页面不存在）">Urkers</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veluws_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veluws dialect（页面不存在）">Veluws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Low Saxon（页面不存在）">Northern Low Saxon</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Frisian_Low_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Frisian Low Saxon（页面不存在）">East Frisian Low Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schleswigsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schleswigsch（页面不存在）">Schleswigsch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holsteinisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holsteinisch（页面不存在）">Holsteinisch</a></li> <li>Oldenburgish</li> <li>North Hanoveranian</li> <li>Dithmarsch</li> <li>Emsländisch</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastphalian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastphalian language（页面不存在）">Eastphalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%95%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="威斯特法伦方言">威斯特法伦方言</a> <ul><li>East Westphalian</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Westphalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Westphalian（页面不存在）">South Westphalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东低地德语">东低地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect（页面不存在）">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburgisch_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburgisch dialect（页面不存在）">Brandenburgisch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Markish（页面不存在）">North Markish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Markish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Markish（页面不存在）">Central Markish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Pomeranian（页面不存在）">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Pomeranian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Pomeranian（页面不存在）">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Low_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Low Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">Low Prussian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E8%AB%BE%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="門諾低地德語">門諾低地德語</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="低地法兰克语">低地法兰克语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古荷兰语</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿非利卡语">南非語</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaaps（页面不存在）">Kaaps</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Dutch_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Dutch dialects（页面不存在）">Central Dutch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollandic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollandic dialect（页面不存在）">Hollandic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kleverlandish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kleverlandish（页面不存在）">Kleverlandish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="西弗拉芒方言">西弗拉芒方言</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="法国弗拉芒方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="French Flemish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法国弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">法国弗拉芒方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:French Flemish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">French Flemish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泽兰语">泽兰语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东弗拉芒方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Flemish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东弗拉芒方言（页面不存在）">东弗拉芒方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Flemish" class="extiw" title="en:East Flemish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Flemish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="布拉班特方言">布拉班特方言</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏里南荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Surinamese Dutch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏里南荷兰语（页面不存在）">苏里南荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinamese_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Surinamese Dutch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Surinamese Dutch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="泽西荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jersey Dutch language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泽西荷兰语（页面不存在）">泽西荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey_Dutch_language" class="extiw" title="en:Jersey Dutch language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jersey Dutch language</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="莫霍克荷兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mohawk Dutch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E9%9C%8D%E5%85%8B%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫霍克荷兰语（页面不存在）">莫霍克荷兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_Dutch" class="extiw" title="en:Mohawk Dutch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mohawk Dutch</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsfries_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsfries dialects（页面不存在）">Stadsfries</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bildts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bildts（页面不存在）">Bildts</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Amelands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amelands（页面不存在）">Amelands</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Midslands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midslands（页面不存在）">Midslands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东低地法兰克语</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meuse-Rhenish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meuse-Rhenish（页面不存在）">Meuse-Rhenish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southeast_Limburgish_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southeast Limburgish dialect（页面不存在）">Southeast Limburgish</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Early_New_High_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Early New High German（页面不存在）">Early New High German</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="標準德語">標準德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="德國標準德語">德國標準德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利德语">奥地利德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞士標準德語">瑞士標準德語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="标准方言">标准语</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AA%9E" title="克里奧爾語">克里奧爾語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="纳米比亚德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Namibian German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%B3%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="纳米比亚德语（页面不存在）">纳米比亚德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibian_German" class="extiw" title="en:Namibian German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Namibian German</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E9%BB%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="納米比亞黑德語">納米比亞黑德語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berlin_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berlin German（页面不存在）">Berlinerisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%8C%85%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="拉包爾克里奧爾德語">拉包爾克里奧爾德語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E8%90%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="巴罗萨德语">巴罗萨德语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belgranodeutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Belgranodeutsch（页面不存在）">Belgranodeutsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paran%C3%A1-Wolga-Deutsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch（页面不存在）">Paraná-Wolga-Deutsch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rotwelsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rotwelsch（页面不存在）">Rotwelsch</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotegorisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotegorisch（页面不存在）">Lotegorisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yenish_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yenish language（页面不存在）">Yenish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%B7%92%E8%AA%9E" title="意第緒語">意第緒語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意第绪语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yiddish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">东部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yiddish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意第绪语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yiddish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E7%AC%AC%E7%BB%AA%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意第绪语方言（页面不存在）">西部方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Yiddish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yiddish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苏格兰犹太人历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Jews in Scotland"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏格兰犹太人历史（页面不存在）">苏格兰意第绪语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Scotland" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Jews in Scotland"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Jews in Scotland</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klezmer-loshn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klezmer-loshn（页面不存在）">Klezmer-loshn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lachoudisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lachoudisch（页面不存在）">Lachoudisch</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="西中部德语">西中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="中法兰克语">中法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="利普里安語">利普里安語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="科隆語">科隆語</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="摩泽尔法兰克语">摩泽尔法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="卢森堡语">卢森堡语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transylvanian_Saxon_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transylvanian Saxon dialect（页面不存在）">Transylvanian Saxon</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洪斯吕克方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hunsrückisch dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洪斯吕克方言（页面不存在）">洪斯吕克方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCckisch_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrückisch dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hunsrückisch dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hunsrik"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%AA%E6%96%AF%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语（页面不存在）">里奥格兰德洪斯吕克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsrik" class="extiw" title="en:Hunsrik"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hunsrik</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="莱茵法兰克语">莱茵法兰克语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="洛林法兰克语">洛林法兰克语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普法尔茨方言">普法尔茨方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="伏尔加德意志人">伏尔加德语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%93%E5%A4%95%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="賓夕法尼亞德語">賓夕法尼亞德語</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黑森方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hessian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑森方言（页面不存在）">黑森方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Hessian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hessian dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Hessian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Hessian（页面不存在）">Central Hessian</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿马纳德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amana German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿马纳德语（页面不存在）">阿马纳德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amana_German" class="extiw" title="en:Amana German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amana German</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="东中部德语">东中部德语</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuringian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuringian dialect（页面不存在）">Thuringian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上薩克森德語">上薩克森德語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=North_Upper_Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="North Upper Saxon（页面不存在）">North Upper Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Marchian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Marchian dialect（页面不存在）">South Marchian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erzgebirgisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erzgebirgisch（页面不存在）">Erzgebirgisch</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusatian_dialects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lusatian dialects（页面不存在）">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E_(%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80)" title="西里西亞語 (德語方言)">西里西亞語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Prussian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Prussian dialect（页面不存在）">High Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%AB%E7%B6%AD%E5%AE%89%E8%AA%9E" title="維拉莫維安語">維拉莫維安語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alzenau_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alzenau dialect（页面不存在）">Halcnovian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="上部德語">上部德語</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>广义上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="阿勒曼尼语">阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AF%AD" title="低地阿勒曼尼语">低地阿勒曼尼语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔萨斯语">阿尔萨斯语</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colonia_Tovar_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colonia Tovar dialect（页面不存在）">Coloniero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="高地阿勒曼尼語">高地阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="瑞士德语">瑞士德语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%AB%98%E9%98%BF%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%E5%B0%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="至高阿勒曼尼語">至高阿勒曼尼語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walser_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walser German（页面不存在）">Walser German</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%93%A6%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="施瓦本方言">施瓦本方言</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9-%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="奥地利-巴伐利亚语">奥地利-巴伐利亚语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Northern Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">北巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Northern Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Northern Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Central Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">中巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Central Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Central Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="维也纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Viennese German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%9F%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维也纳方言（页面不存在）">维也纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viennese_German" class="extiw" title="en:Viennese German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Viennese German</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南巴伐利亚方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Southern Bavarian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%90%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南巴伐利亚方言（页面不存在）">南巴伐利亚方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Bavarian" class="extiw" title="en:Southern Bavarian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Southern Bavarian</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南蒂罗尔方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Tyrolean dialect"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E8%92%82%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南蒂罗尔方言（页面不存在）">南蒂罗尔方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Tyrolean_dialect" class="extiw" title="en:South Tyrolean dialect"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Tyrolean dialect</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E8%AA%9E" title="辛布里語">辛布里語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B2cheno_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mòcheno language（页面不存在）">Mòcheno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hutterite_German&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hutterite German（页面不存在）">Hutterite German</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="南法兰克语">南法兰克语</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东法兰克语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Franconian German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东法兰克语（页面不存在）">东法兰克语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Franconian_German" class="extiw" title="en:East Franconian German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Franconian German</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vogtlandian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vogtlandian（页面不存在）">Vogtlandian</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombardic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombardic language（页面不存在）">Langobardic</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="北日耳曼语支与东日耳曼语支" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史形式</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始諾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></i> <ul><li><i>古西諾斯語</i></li> <li><i>古東諾斯語</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">西</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norwegian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norwegian language（页面不存在）">Norwegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergensk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergensk（页面不存在）">Bergensk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kebabnorsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kebabnorsk（页面不存在）">Kebabnorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sognam%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sognamål dialect（页面不存在）">Sognamål</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tr%C3%B8ndersk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trøndersk（页面不存在）">Trøndersk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallingm%C3%A5l-Valdris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallingmål-Valdris（页面不存在）">Valdris</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestlandsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestlandsk（页面不存在）">Vestlandsk</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">挪威语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B8%E9%9D%A2%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="書面挪威語">書面挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" title="新挪威語">新挪威語</a> (书面)</li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古挪威语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Norwegian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="古挪威語">古挪威语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Norwegian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Norwegian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古挪威语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Norwegian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古挪威语（页面不存在）">中古挪威语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Norwegian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Norwegian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Norwegian</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古諾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="冰岛语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Icelandic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冰岛语历史（页面不存在）">中古冰岛语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Icelandic" class="extiw" title="en:History of Icelandic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Icelandic</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E8%98%AD%E8%AB%BE%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="格陵蘭諾爾斯語">格陵蘭諾爾斯語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">諾恩語</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">东</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瑞典语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Swedish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞典语方言（页面不存在）">瑞典语方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Swedish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Swedish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Danish dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语方言（页面不存在）">丹麦语方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danish_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Danish dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Danish dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岛丹麦语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Insular Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛丹麦语（页面不存在）">海岛丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Insular Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="日德兰语">日德兰语</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="南日德兰方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="South Jutlandic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E6%97%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南日德兰方言（页面不存在）">南日德兰方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Jutlandic" class="extiw" title="en:South Jutlandic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">South Jutlandic</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=East_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="East Danish（页面不存在）">East Danish</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bornholm_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bornholm dialect（页面不存在）">Bornholmsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scanian_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scanian dialect（页面不存在）">Scanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Schleswig_Danish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Schleswig Danish（页面不存在）">Southern Schleswig Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B8tudanskt_accent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gøtudanskt accent（页面不存在）">Gøtudanskt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkerdansk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkerdansk（页面不存在）">Perkerdansk</a></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">古丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li> <li><i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丹麦语历史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of Danish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丹麦语历史（页面不存在）">中古丹麦语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Danish" class="extiw" title="en:History of Danish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of Danish</span></a></span>）</span></span></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalecarlian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalecarlian language（页面不存在）">Dalecarlian</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elfdalian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elfdalian（页面不存在）">Elfdalian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gutnish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥特蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A5r%C3%B6m%C3%A5l_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fårömål dialect（页面不存在）">Fårö Gutnish</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gothic_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gothic language（页面不存在）">Gothic</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a></i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第人</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";"><div id="语文学（英语：-&#123;Germanic_philology&#125;-）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语语文学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic philology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语语文学（页面不存在）">语文学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_philology" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic philology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic philology</span></a></span>）</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Friedrich Maurer (linguist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%AF%9B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="弗里德里希·毛雷尔 (语言学家)（页面不存在）">分支</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Maurer_(linguist)" class="extiw" title="en:Friedrich Maurer (linguist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Friedrich Maurer (linguist)</span></a></span>）</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语支</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼語支</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="易北日耳曼語">易北日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weser-Rhine_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weser-Rhine Germanic（页面不存在）">Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="英维奥尼克语">英维奥尼克语</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northwest Germanic（页面不存在）">Northwest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥德語</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Germanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Germanic（页面不存在）">South</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重构</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼語</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proto-Germanic_grammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proto-Germanic grammar（页面不存在）">Proto-Germanic grammar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_parent_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic parent language（页面不存在）">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancient_Belgian_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancient Belgian language（页面不存在）">Ancient Belgian language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="格林定律">格林定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%E7%B4%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="維爾納定律">維爾納定律</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="霍尔茨曼定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Holtzmann's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="霍尔茨曼定律（页面不存在）">霍尔茨曼定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtzmann%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Holtzmann's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Holtzmann's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西弗斯定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sievers's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西弗斯定律（页面不存在）">西弗斯定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sievers%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Sievers's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sievers's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克卢格定律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kluge's law"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克卢格定律（页面不存在）">克卢格定律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluge%27s_law" class="extiw" title="en:Kluge's law"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kluge's law</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_substrate_hypothesis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic substrate hypothesis（页面不存在）">Germanic substrate hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=West_Germanic_gemination&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="West Germanic gemination（页面不存在）">West Germanic gemination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%90%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="高地德語子音推移">高地德語子音推移</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Germanic_a-mutation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Germanic a-mutation（页面不存在）">Germanic a-mutation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="日耳曼語元音變音">日耳曼語元音變音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="日耳曼擦音定律">日耳曼擦音定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3%E6%B6%88%E5%A4%B1%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87" title="北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則">北海日耳曼語鼻音消失法則</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%8E%A8%E7%A7%BB" title="母音大推移">母音大推移</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共时特征</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E5%BC%B7%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96%E5%8B%95%E8%A9%9E" title="日耳曼語強變化動詞">日耳曼語強變化動詞</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语弱变化动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic weak verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%BC%B1%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语弱变化动词（页面不存在）">日耳曼语弱变化动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_weak_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic weak verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic weak verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日耳曼语动词" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Germanic verb"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日耳曼语动词（页面不存在）">过去现在时动词</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_verb" class="extiw" title="en:Germanic verb"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Germanic verb</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="語法相關發音變化" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Grammatischer Wechsel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%99%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語法相關發音變化（页面不存在）">語法相關發音變化</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatischer_Wechsel" class="extiw" title="en:Grammatischer Wechsel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Grammatischer Wechsel</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AD%90%E8%AA%9E%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%8F%9B" title="印歐語元音變換">印歐語元音變換</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><i>斜体</i>表示已<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%BB%85%E4%BA%A1" title="語言滅亡">灭亡</a>的语言</li><li>括号内的语言表示<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E9%AB%94_(%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8)" title="變體 (語言學)">變體</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="前罗马铁器时代" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Pre-Roman Iron Age"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%89%8D%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="前罗马铁器时代（页面不存在）">前罗马铁器时代</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="extiw" title="en:Pre-Roman Iron Age"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Pre-Roman Iron Age</span></a></span>）</span></span><br />前500年–前100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马铁器时代">罗马铁器时代</a>早期<br />前100年–100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%81%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马铁器时代">罗马铁器时代</a>晚期<br />100年–300年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%81%E5%BE%99" class="mw-redirect" title="欧洲民族大迁徙">迁徙时期</a><br />300年–600年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F" title="中世纪前期">中世纪前期</a><br />600年–1100年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中世纪</a><br />1100–1350年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪后期">中世纪后期</a><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup><br />1350年–1500年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="近世">近代早期</a><br />1500年–1700年 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="现代史">现代</a><br />1700年至今 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="22" style="background: #ccc"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="原始日耳曼語">原始日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AA%9E%E6%94%AF" title="西日耳曼語支">西日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E5%B0%94%E7%B1%B3%E8%AF%BA%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="厄尔米诺内人">厄尔米诺内语</a><br />（易北河日耳曼语） </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2">原始高地德语 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #cc5"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古高地德语</a>、<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伦巴底语 (早期)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lombardic language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%A6%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AF%AD_(%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伦巴底语 (早期)（页面不存在）">伦巴底语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombardic_language" class="extiw" title="en:Lombardic language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lombardic language</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ab5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古高地德語</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background: #9a5"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期现代高地德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early New High German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期现代高地德语（页面不存在）">早期现代高地德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_New_High_German" class="extiw" title="en:Early New High German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early New High German</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #895"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="高地德语">高地德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #995"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="标准德语">标准德语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%83%E5%86%85%E4%BA%BA" title="伊斯特沃内人">伊斯特沃内语</a><br />（威悉-莱茵日耳曼语） </td> <td rowspan="5">原始法兰克语 </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background: #ec7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="古法兰克语">古法兰克语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #dc7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="古高地德語">古中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #cb6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中古高地德語">中古中部德语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background: #ba5"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期现代高地德语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early New High German"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E9%AB%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期现代高地德语（页面不存在）">早期现代中部德语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_New_High_German" class="extiw" title="en:Early New High German"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early New High German</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #a95"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="中部德語">中部德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #db6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古荷兰语">古低地法兰克语</a><br />（古荷兰语） </td> <td style="background: #ca5">早期林堡语<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #ca5">晚期林堡语<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c95">早期<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c95"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="林堡语">林堡语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ea8">早期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #ea8">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="中古荷兰语">中古荷兰语</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #d98"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">早期<br />现代荷兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #d98"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #e99"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非语">南非语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%83%E5%86%85%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="因格沃内语">因格沃内语</a><br />（北海日耳曼语） </td> <td colspan="2">原始撒克逊语<br />（东南因格沃内语） </td> <td style="background: #d9b"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古撒克逊语">古撒克逊语</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #c8a"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="中世纪低地德语">中古低地德语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b79"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="低地德语">低地德语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="盎格鲁-弗里西语组">盎格鲁-弗里西语</a><br />（西北因格沃内语） </td> <td>原始弗里西语 </td> <td colspan="3" style="background: #d8d"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古弗里西语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古弗里西语（页面不存在）">古弗里西语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Old Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #c7c"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古弗里西语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Frisian"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古弗里西语（页面不存在）">中古弗里西语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frisian" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Frisian"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Frisian</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #b6b"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="弗里西语">弗里西语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">原始英语 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #e9f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="古英语">古英语</a><br />（盎格鲁-撒克逊） </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #d8f"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">早期<br />中古英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #c7f">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="中古英语">中古英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b6f"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="近代英语">近代英语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b6f"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #d7e"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="早期低地苏格兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Early Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="早期低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">早期苏格兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Early Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Early Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td> <td style="background: #e6e"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中古低地苏格兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Middle Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中古低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">中古苏格兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Middle Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Middle Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td style="background: #e6e"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="低地苏格兰语">苏格兰语各变种</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="北日耳曼语支">北日耳曼语</a> </td> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2" style="background: #aae"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="原始諾斯語">原始诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #b9f">卢恩<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E#地域分布" title="古諾斯語">古西诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b3f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古冰岛语</a> </td> <td style="background: #b39">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古冰岛语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #b59"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B%E8%AF%AD" title="冰岛语">冰岛语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #97f"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">古挪威语</a><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background: #a3a">古<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #b6a"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E8%AF%AD" title="法罗语">法罗语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #94b">古<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a> </td> <td style="background: #95a"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語">诺恩语</a> </td> <td>灭绝<sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background: #99f">卢恩<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E#地域分布" title="古諾斯語">古东诺尔斯语</a> </td> <td style="background: #76d"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="古諾斯語">中古挪威语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #85b"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">挪威语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #87f">早期<br />古<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td> <td style="background: #87d">晚期<br />古<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #76b"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="丹麦语">丹麦语</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #77f">早期<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古瑞典语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Swedish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Swedish</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #78d">晚期<br /><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古瑞典语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Old Swedish"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古瑞典语（页面不存在）">古瑞典语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Swedish" class="extiw" title="en:Old Swedish"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Old Swedish</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #67b"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background: #58b"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达拉纳方言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dalecarlian dialects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达拉纳方言（页面不存在）">达拉纳方言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalecarlian_dialects" class="extiw" title="en:Dalecarlian dialects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dalecarlian dialects</span></a></span>）</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #8dd">卢恩<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #7cd">早期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td style="background: #5cd">晚期<br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%97%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="古哥得兰语">古哥得兰语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #5ac"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="哥特蘭語">哥得兰语</a><sup><sup id="cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-5_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-5-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" title="东日耳曼语支">东日耳曼语</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background: #9fb"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="哥德語">哥特语</a> </td> <td colspan="2">（未证实哥特语方言） </td> <td style="background: #8da"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E8%AF%AD" title="克里米亚哥特语">克里米亚哥特语</a> </td> <td>灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #af9"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%AF%AD" title="汪达尔语">汪达尔语</a> </td> <td colspan="5">灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #cf7"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%BA" title="勃艮第人">勃艮第语</a> </td> <td colspan="5">灭绝 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" align="left" style="font-size:small"> <dl><dt>註解</dt></dl> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%90%8E%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="中世纪后期">中世纪后期</a>指<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%AD%BB%E7%97%85" title="黑死病">黑死病</a>时期之后。黑死病对当时挪威语言状况的影响尤甚。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E5%B7%B4%E5%BA%95%E8%AA%9E" title="倫巴底語">伦巴底语</a>的谱系学界分类存在争议。其亦被归类为同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="古撒克逊语">古撒克逊语</a>相近。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-3-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-3_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">自早期北部中古英语产生<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。麦克鲁尔认为应为诺森布里亚古英语<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>ii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《牛津简明英语语言词典》（第894页）中称苏格兰语的“来源”为“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="伯尼西亚王国">伯尼西亚王国</a>的古英语”和“12至13世纪来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="北英格蘭">北英格兰</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="英格兰中部地区">英格兰中部</a>移民受到斯堪的纳维亚影响的英语”。“早期-中古-现代苏格兰语”的阶段划分在《简明苏格兰语词典》<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iii<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>及《古苏格兰语辞典》<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>iv<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>中得到使用。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-6_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">大陆古挪威语为介于古西诺尔斯语和古东诺尔斯语之间的方言。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-4_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">诺恩语的使用者为现代苏格兰语所同化（<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岛低地苏格兰语" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Insular Scots"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%9B%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E8%8B%8F%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岛低地苏格兰语（页面不存在）">海岛苏格兰语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_Scots" class="extiw" title="en:Insular Scots"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Insular Scots</span></a></span>）</span></span>）。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Germanic-diachronic-5-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Germanic-diachronic-5_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">现代哥得兰语（Gutamål）为古哥得兰语（Gutniska）的直系继承，现已成为标准瑞典语的哥得兰岛方言（Gotländska）。</span> </li> </ol> </div> <dl><dt>參考資料</dt></dl> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-roman;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aitken, A. J. and McArthur, T. Eds. (1979) <i>Languages of Scotland</i>. Edinburgh,Chambers. p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McClure (1991) in <i>The Cambridge History of the English Language</i> Vol. 5. p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson M. (ed.) (1985) the "Concise Scots Dictionary, Chambers, Edinburgh. p. xiii</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dareau M., Pike l. and Watson, H (eds) (2002) "A Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue" Vol. XII, Oxford University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsl.ac.uk/dsl/SCOTSHIST/output4.php?file=NEW-Revised1Introduction.htm">p. xxxiv</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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