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Live television show </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploring_Psychic_Powers_..._Live_television_show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-James_Randi_Educational_Foundation_(JREF)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#James_Randi_Educational_Foundation_(JREF)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-James_Randi_Educational_Foundation_(JREF)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge </div> </a> <ul id="toc-One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Legal disputes </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_disputes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legal disputes subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Uri_Geller" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uri_Geller"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Uri Geller </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uri_Geller-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Other cases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Political views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Views on religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Personal life </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards and honors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 World records </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_film_appearances" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_film_appearances"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Television and film appearances </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Television_and_film_appearances-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Television and film appearances subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Television_and_film_appearances-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_an_actor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_an_actor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 As an actor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_an_actor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearing_as_himself" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearing_as_himself"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Appearing as himself </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearing_as_himself-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearances_in_other_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearances_in_other_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Appearances in other media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearances_in_other_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Listings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Listings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Listings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Listings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">James Randi</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="جيمس راندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيمس راندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B0%E2%80%8D%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF" title="জেমস র‍্যান্ডি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেমস র‍্যান্ডি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Джеймс Ранди – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеймс Ранди" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B2_%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="جیمز رندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جیمز رندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4_%EB%9E%9C%EB%94%94" title="제임스 랜디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제임스 랜디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B4%D5%BD_%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB" title="Ջեյմս Ռենդի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջեյմս Ռենդի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="जेम्स रैंडी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेम्स रैंडी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A1_%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="ג'יימס רנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'יימס רנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Randi" title="Iacobus Randi – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Randi" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEeimss_Randi" title="Džeimss Randi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džeimss Randi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF" title="ജെയിംസ് റാൻഡി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജെയിംസ് റാൻഡി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="جيمس راندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيمس راندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3" title="ジェームズ・ランディ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェームズ・ランディ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Рэнди, Джеймс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рэнди, Джеймс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Џејмс Ранди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џејмс Ранди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="யேம்சு ராண்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யேம்சு ராண்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%81_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96" title="Джеймс Ренді – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джеймс Ренді" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" title="James Randi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="James Randi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%BF%AA" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian-American magician and skeptic (1928–2020)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">James Randi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg/220px-Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg/330px-Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg/440px-Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1237" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Randi <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1990s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Randall James Hamilton Zwinge</div> (1928-08-07)August 7, 1928 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 20, 2020(2020-10-20) (aged 92) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Plantation,_Florida" title="Plantation, Florida">Plantation, Florida</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">The Amazing Randi</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Canada</li><li>United States</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stage_magician" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage magician">Stage magician</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skeptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific skeptic">scientific skeptic</a></li><li>author</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1946−2016</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">José Alvarez</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2013)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Audio_James_Randi.wav" title="File:Audio James Randi.wav">James Randi's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="41" data-mwtitle="Audio_James_Randi.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Audio_James_Randi.wav/Audio_James_Randi.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/32/Audio_James_Randi.wav/Audio_James_Randi.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Audio_James_Randi.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAudio_James_Randi.wav&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Recorded October 2016 at <a href="/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.randi.org/">web.randi.org</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:JamesRandiSignature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JamesRandiSignature.png/100px-JamesRandiSignature.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JamesRandiSignature.png/150px-JamesRandiSignature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/JamesRandiSignature.png/200px-JamesRandiSignature.png 2x" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="2296" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> James Randi (born Randall James Hamilton Zwinge; August 7, 1928 – October 20, 2020) was a Canadian-American <a href="/wiki/Stage_magician" class="mw-redirect" title="Stage magician">stage magician</a>, author, and <a href="/wiki/Scientific_skeptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific skeptic">scientific skeptic</a> who extensively challenged <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoscientific">pseudoscientific</a> claims.<a href="#cite_note-Rodrigues-1">[1]</a> He was the co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> (CSI), and founder of the <a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a> (JREF). Randi began his career as a magician under the stage name The Amazing Randi and later chose to devote most of his time to investigating paranormal, <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a> claims.<a href="#cite_note-Randiwoo-2">[2]</a> Randi retired from practicing magic at age 60, and from his foundation at 87. Although often referred to as a "<a href="/wiki/Debunker" title="Debunker">debunker</a>", Randi said he disliked the term's connotations and preferred to describe himself as an "investigator".<a href="#cite_note-westdefense-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-8cKrT-4">[4]</a> He wrote about paranormal phenomena, skepticism, and the <a href="/wiki/History_of_magic" title="History of magic">history of magic</a>. He was a frequent guest on <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a>, famously exposing fraudulent <a href="/wiki/Faith_healer" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith healer">faith healer</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Popoff" title="Peter Popoff">Peter Popoff</a>, and was occasionally featured on the television program <a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!" title="Penn & Teller: Bullshit!">Penn & Teller: Bullshit!</a> Before Randi's retirement, JREF sponsored the <a href="/wiki/One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge" title="One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge">One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge</a>, which offered a prize of $1 million to applicants who could demonstrate evidence of any paranormal, supernatural, or occult power or event under test conditions agreed to by both parties.<a href="#cite_note-1REBK-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>]</div> Randi was born on August 7, 1928, in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Canada.<a href="#cite_note-HWWilson-6">[6]</a> He was the son of Marie Alice (née Paradis; 1906–1987) and George Randall Zwinge (1903–1967), an executive at Bell Telephone Company. He was of French, Danish and Austrian descent.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-HWWilson-6">[6]</a> He had a younger brother and sister.<a href="#cite_note-YaeId-8">[8]</a> He took up <a href="/wiki/Magic_(illusion)" title="Magic (illusion)">magic</a> after seeing <a href="/wiki/Harry_Blackstone_Sr." title="Harry Blackstone Sr.">Harry Blackstone Sr.</a><a href="#cite_note-V9uXz-9">[9]</a> and reading conjuring books while spending 13 months in a <a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_cast" title="Orthopedic cast">body cast</a> following a bicycle accident. He confounded doctors, who expected he would never walk again.<a href="#cite_note-TorontoStar1986-10">[10]</a> He often skipped classes, and at 17, dropped out of high school to perform as a conjurer in a carnival roadshow.<a href="#cite_note-RrmIc-11">[11]</a> He practiced as a <a href="/wiki/Mentalism" title="Mentalism">mentalist</a> in local nightclubs and at Toronto's <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Exhibition" title="Canadian National Exhibition">Canadian National Exhibition</a> and wrote for <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>'s tabloid press.<a href="#cite_note-Colombo-12">[12]</a> As a teenager, he stumbled upon a church where the pastor claimed to read minds. When Randi interrupted the performance and showed the parishioners how the trick worked, the pastor's wife called the police and Randi spent four hours in a jail cell. This inspired his career as a scientific skeptic.<a href="#cite_note-nwfwV-13">[13]</a> In his 20s, Randi posed as an <a href="/wiki/Astrologer" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a>, and to establish that they merely were doing simple tricks, he briefly wrote an astrological column in the Canadian tabloid <a href="/wiki/Globe_(tabloid)" title="Globe (tabloid)">Midnight</a> under the name "Zo-ran" by simply shuffling up items from newspaper astrology columns and pasting them randomly into a column.<a href="#cite_note-ZlEwu-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-A1Uli-15">[15]</a> In his 30s, Randi worked in the UK, Europe, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> nightclubs, and Japan.<a href="#cite_note-bXdwL-16">[16]</a> He witnessed many tricks that were presented as being supernatural. One of his earliest reported experiences was that of seeing an <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelist</a> using a version of the "<a href="/wiki/Billet_reading" title="Billet reading">one-ahead</a>"<a href="#cite_note-Time01-17">[17]</a> technique to convince churchgoers of his <a href="/wiki/Divinity" title="Divinity">divine</a> powers.<a href="#cite_note-Taft-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magician">Magician</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Magician">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm/220px--James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="416" data-mwtitle="James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/81/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm/James_Randi_Submerged_Coffin.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Randi being submerged, 1956</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RandiFork.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RandiFork.jpg/170px-RandiFork.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RandiFork.jpg/255px-RandiFork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/RandiFork.jpg/340px-RandiFork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1172" data-file-height="1871" /></a><figcaption>A fork bent by Randi</figcaption></figure> Although defining himself as a conjuror, Randi began a career as a professional stage magician<a href="#cite_note-takedown-19">[19]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Escapologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Escapologist">escapologist</a> in 1946. He initially presented himself under his real name, Randall Zwinge, which he later dropped in favor of "The Amazing Randi". Early in his career, he performed numerous escape acts from jail cells and safes around the world. On February 7, 1956, he appeared live on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Today_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (U.S. TV program)">Today</a> show, where he remained for 104 minutes in a sealed metal coffin that had been submerged in a hotel swimming pool, breaking what was said to be <a href="/wiki/Harry_Houdini" title="Harry Houdini">Harry Houdini</a>'s record of 93 minutes, though Randi called attention to the fact that he was much younger than Houdini had been when he established the original record in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-Sinclair-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bryant-21">[21]</a> Randi was a frequent guest on the <a href="/wiki/Long_John_Nebel" title="Long John Nebel">Long John Nebel</a> program on New York City radio station <a href="/wiki/WOR_(AM)" title="WOR (AM)">WOR</a>, and did character voices for commercials.<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 31:00  After Nebel moved to <a href="/wiki/WFAN_(AM)" title="WFAN (AM)">WNBC</a> in 1964,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Randi was given Nebel's time slot on WOR, where he hosted The Amazing Randi Show until January 1966, and often had guests who defended paranormal claims, among them Randi's then-friend <a href="/wiki/James_W._Moseley" title="James W. Moseley">James W. Moseley</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Randi stated that he was fired from WOR over complaints from the archbishop of New York that Randi had said on-air that "Jesus Christ was a religious nut," a claim that Randi disputed.<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 34:00  Randi also hosted numerous television specials and went on several world tours. As "The Amazing Randi" he appeared regularly on the New York-based children's television series <a href="/wiki/Wonderama" title="Wonderama">Wonderama</a> from 1959 to 1967.<a href="#cite_note-Butler-26">[26]</a> In 1970, he auditioned for a revival of the 1950s children's show <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Clown" title="The Magic Clown">The Magic Clown</a>, which showed briefly in Detroit and in Kenya, but was never picked up.<a href="#cite_note-Butler_2-27">[27]</a> In the February 2, 1974, issue of the British conjuring magazine <a href="/wiki/Goodliffe%27s_Abracadabra" title="Goodliffe's Abracadabra">Abracadabra</a>, Randi, in defining the community of magicians, stated: "I know of no calling which depends so much upon mutual trust and faith as does ours." In the December 2003 issue of <a href="/wiki/The_Linking_Ring" title="The Linking Ring">The Linking Ring</a>, the monthly publication of the <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Magicians" title="International Brotherhood of Magicians">International Brotherhood of Magicians</a>, it is stated: "Perhaps Randi's ethics are what make him Amazing" and "The Amazing Randi not only talks the talk, he walks the walk."<a href="#cite_note-99JxU-28">[28]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>'s 1973–1974 <a href="/wiki/Billion_Dollar_Babies_tour" class="mw-redirect" title="Billion Dollar Babies tour">Billion Dollar Babies tour</a>, Randi performed on stage both as a mad dentist and as Cooper's executioner.<a href="#cite_note-o9b6K-29">[29]</a> He also built several of the stage props, including the <a href="/wiki/Guillotine_(magic_trick)" title="Guillotine (magic trick)">guillotine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-h6t5F-30">[30]</a> In a 1976 performance for the Canadian TV special World of Wizards, Randi escaped from a <a href="/wiki/Straitjacket" title="Straitjacket">straitjacket</a> while suspended upside-down over <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara Falls</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lgfSE-31">[31]</a> Randi has been accused of actually using "psychic powers" to perform acts such as <a href="/wiki/Spoon_bending" title="Spoon bending">spoon bending</a>. According to <a href="/wiki/James_Alcock" title="James Alcock">James Alcock</a>, at a meeting where Randi was duplicating the performances of <a href="/wiki/Uri_Geller" title="Uri Geller">Uri Geller</a>, a professor from the <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo,_The_State_University_of_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="University at Buffalo, The State University of New York">University at Buffalo</a> shouted out that Randi was a fraud. Randi said: "Yes, indeed, I'm a trickster, I'm a cheat, I'm a charlatan, that's what I do for a living. Everything I've done here was by trickery." The professor shouted back: "That's not what I mean. You're a fraud because you're pretending to do these things through trickery, but you're actually using psychic powers and misleading us by not admitting it."<a href="#cite_note-RpPRF-32">[32]</a> A similar event involved Senator <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Pell" title="Claiborne Pell">Claiborne Pell</a>, a confirmed believer in psychic phenomena. When Randi personally demonstrated to Pell that he could reveal—by simple trickery—a concealed drawing that had been secretly made by the senator, Pell refused to believe that it was a trick, saying: "I think Randi may be a psychic and doesn't realize it." Randi consistently denied having any paranormal powers or abilities.<a href="#cite_note-BprO1-33">[33]</a> Randi was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_American_Magicians" title="Society of American Magicians">Society of American Magicians</a> (SAM), the International Brotherhood of Magicians (IBM), and <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Circle_(organisation)" title="The Magic Circle (organisation)">The Magic Circle</a> in the UK, holding the rank of "Member of the Inner Magic Circle with Gold Star."<a href="#cite_note-34MHb-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Author">Author</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Author">edit</a>]</div> Randi wrote ten books, among them <a href="/wiki/Conjuring_(book)" title="Conjuring (book)">Conjuring</a> (1992), a biographical history of prominent magicians. The book is subtitled Being a Definitive History of the Venerable Arts of Sorcery, Prestidigitation, Wizardry, Deception, & Chicanery and of the Mountebanks & Scoundrels Who have Perpetrated these Subterfuges on a Bewildered Public, in short, MAGIC! The book's cover indicates it is by "James Randi, Esq., A Contrite Rascal Once Dedicated to these Wicked Practices but Now Almost Totally Reformed". The book features the most influential magicians and tells some of their history, often in the context of strange deaths and careers on the road. This work expanded on Randi's second book, Houdini, His Life and Art.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> This illustrated work was published in 1976 and was co-authored with <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sugar" title="Bert Sugar">Bert Sugar</a>. It focuses on the professional and private life of Houdini.<a href="#cite_note-Daniel-36">[36]</a> Randi's book, The Magic World of the Amazing Randi (1989), was intended as a children's introduction to magic tricks. In addition to his magic books, he wrote several educational works about paranormal and pseudoscientific claims. These include biographies of Uri Geller and <a href="/wiki/Nostradamus" title="Nostradamus">Nostradamus</a>, as well as reference material on other major paranormal figures. In 2011, he was working on A Magician in the Laboratory, which recounted his application of skepticism to science.<a href="#cite_note-BxJDd-37">[37]</a> He was a member of the all-male literary banqueting club the <a href="/wiki/Trap_Door_Spiders" title="Trap Door Spiders">Trap Door Spiders</a>, which served as the basis of his friend <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>'s fictional group of mystery solvers, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Widowers" title="Black Widowers">Black Widowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Asimov1994-120-38">[38]</a> Other books by Randi include <a href="/wiki/Flim-Flam!_Psychics,_ESP,_Unicorns,_and_Other_Delusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions">Flim-Flam!</a> (1982), <a href="/wiki/The_Faith_Healers" title="The Faith Healers">The Faith Healers</a> (1987), James Randi, Psychic Investigator (1991), Test Your ESP Potential (1982), and <a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a> (1995). Randi was a regular contributor to <a href="/wiki/Skeptic_(U.S._magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptic (U.S. magazine)">Skeptic</a> magazine, penning the "'Twas Brillig ..." column, and also served on its editorial board. He was a frequent contributor to <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a> magazine, published by the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a>, of which he was also a <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skeptic">Skeptic</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Skeptic">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi,_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/220px-James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/330px-James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/440px-James_Randi_demonstrating_%27psychic_surgery%27_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3693" data-file-height="4415" /></a><figcaption>Randi using sleight of hand to duplicate "<a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">psychic surgery</a>" on his <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> series for <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> in 1991</figcaption></figure> Randi gained the international spotlight in 1972 when he publicly challenged the claims of <a href="/wiki/Uri_Geller" title="Uri Geller">Uri Geller</a>. He accused Geller of being nothing more than a <a href="/wiki/Charlatan" title="Charlatan">charlatan</a> and a fraud who used standard magic tricks to accomplish his allegedly paranormal feats, and he presented his claims in the book <a href="/wiki/The_Truth_About_Uri_Geller" title="The Truth About Uri Geller">The Truth About Uri Geller</a> (1982).<a href="#cite_note-Taft-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rensberger-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-iYmd2-41">[41]</a> Believing that it was important to get columnists and TV personalities to challenge Geller and others like him, Randi and <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">CSICOP</a> reached out in an attempt to educate them. Randi said that CSICOP had a "very substantial influence on the printed media ... in those days."<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 20:05  During this effort, Randi made contact with <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Carson" title="Johnny Carson">Johnny Carson</a> and discovered that he was "very much on our side. He wasn't only a comedian ... he was a great thinker."<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 21:15  According to Randi, when he was on <a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show</a>, Carson broke his usual protocol of not talking with guests before their entrance on stage, but instead would ask what Randi wanted to be emphasized in the interview. "He wanted to be aware of how he could help me."<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 21:30  In 1973, Geller appeared on The Tonight Show, and this appearance is recounted in the <a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_program)" title="Nova (American TV program)">Nova</a> documentary "<a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Psychics">Secrets of the Psychics</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Secrets-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[b]</a> In the documentary, Randi says that Carson "had been a magician himself and was skeptical" of Geller's claimed <a href="/wiki/Paranormal" title="Paranormal">paranormal</a> powers, so before the date of taping, Randi was asked "to help prevent any trickery". Per Randi's advice, the show prepared its own props without informing Geller, and did not let Geller or his staff "anywhere near them". When Geller joined Carson on stage, he appeared surprised that he was not going to be interviewed, but instead was expected to display his abilities using the provided articles. Geller said "This scares me" and "I'm surprised because before this program your producer came and he read me at least 40 questions you were going to ask me." Geller was unable to display any paranormal abilities, saying "I don't feel strong" and expressing his displeasure at feeling like he was being "pressed" to perform by Carson.<a href="#cite_note-Secrets-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-6ZPaj-47">[45]</a> According to Adam Higginbotham's November 7, 2014, article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>:<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The result was a legendary immolation, in which Geller offered up flustered excuses to his host as his abilities failed him again and again. "I sat there for 22 minutes, humiliated," Geller told me, when I spoke to him in September. "I went back to my hotel, devastated. I was about to pack up the next day and go back to Tel Aviv. I thought, That's it—I'm destroyed."</blockquote> However, this appearance on The Tonight Show, which Carson and Randi had orchestrated to debunk Geller's claimed abilities, backfired. According to Higginbotham:<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">To Geller's astonishment, he was immediately booked on <a href="/wiki/The_Merv_Griffin_Show" title="The Merv Griffin Show">The Merv Griffin Show</a>. He was on his way to becoming a paranormal superstar. "That Johnny Carson show made Uri Geller," Geller said. To an enthusiastically trusting public, his failure only made his gifts seem more real: if he were performing magic tricks, they would surely work every time.</blockquote> According to Higginbotham, this result caused Randi to realize that much more must be done to stop Geller and those like him. So in 1976, Randi approached <a href="/wiki/Ray_Hyman" title="Ray Hyman">Ray Hyman</a>, a psychologist who had observed the tests of Geller's ability at Stanford and thought them slipshod, and suggested they create an organization dedicated to combating pseudoscience. Later that same year, together with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Martin Gardner</a>, a Scientific American columnist whose writing had helped hone Hyman's and Randi's skepticism, they formed the <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal</a> (CSICOP).<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> Using donations and sales of their magazine, <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>, they and secular humanist philosopher <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kurtz" title="Paul Kurtz">Paul Kurtz</a> took seats on the executive board, with <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> joining as founding members. Randi travelled the world on behalf of CSICOP, becoming its public face, and according to Hyman, the face of the skeptical movement.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> András G. Pintér, producer and co-host of the <a href="/wiki/European_Skeptics_Podcast" title="European Skeptics Podcast">European Skeptics Podcast</a>, called Randi the grandfather of European skepticism by virtue of Randi "playing a role in kickstarting several European organizations."<a href="#cite_note-theesp.eu-49">[47]</a> Geller sued Randi and CSICOP for $15 million in 1991 and lost.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Petit-50">[48]</a> Geller's suit against CSICOP was thrown out in 1995, and he was ordered to pay $120,000 for filing a frivolous lawsuit.<a href="#cite_note-Levy-51">[49]</a> The legal costs Randi incurred used almost all of a $272,000 <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a> grant awarded to Randi in 1986 for his work.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> Randi also dismissed Geller's claims that he was capable of the kind of <a href="/wiki/Nensha" class="mw-redirect" title="Nensha">psychic photography</a> associated with the case of <a href="/wiki/Ted_Serios" title="Ted Serios">Ted Serios</a>. It is a matter, Randi argued, of trick photography using a simple hand-held optical device.<a href="#cite_note-Carroll-52">[50]</a> During the period of Geller's legal dispute, CSICOP's leadership, wanting to avoid becoming a target of Geller's litigation, demanded that Randi refrain from commenting on Geller. Randi refused and resigned, though he maintained a respectful relationship with the group, which in 2006 changed its name to the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI). In 2010, Randi was one of 16 new CSI fellows elected by its board.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-SJUYS-53">[51]</a> Randi went on to write many articles criticizing beliefs and claims regarding the paranormal.<a href="#cite_note-jref-randi-bio-54">[52]</a> He also demonstrated flaws in studies suggesting the existence of paranormal phenomena; in his <a href="/wiki/Project_Alpha_(hoax)" title="Project Alpha (hoax)">Project Alpha</a> hoax, Randi successfully planted two fake psychics in a privately funded psychic research experiment.<a href="#cite_note-OdWU0-55">[53]</a> Randi appeared on numerous TV shows, sometimes to directly debunk the claimed abilities of fellow guests. In a 1981 appearance on <a href="/wiki/That%27s_My_Line" title="That's My Line">That's My Line</a>, Randi appeared opposite claimed psychic <a href="/wiki/James_Hydrick" title="James Hydrick">James Hydrick</a>, who said that he could move objects with his mind and appeared to demonstrate this claim on live television by turning a page in a telephone book without touching it.<a href="#cite_note-lookatpast-56">[54]</a> Randi, having determined that Hydrick was surreptitiously blowing on the book, arranged <a href="/wiki/Foam_peanut" title="Foam peanut">foam packaging peanuts</a> on the table in front of the telephone book for the demonstration. This prevented Hydrick from demonstrating his abilities, which would have been exposed when the blowing moved the packaging.<a href="#cite_note-Cmycr-57">[55]</a> Randi writes that, eventually, Hydrick "confessed everything".<a href="#cite_note-lookatpast-56">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Randi_1983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Randi_1983.jpg/170px-Randi_1983.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Randi_1983.jpg/255px-Randi_1983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Randi_1983.jpg/340px-Randi_1983.jpg 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Randi speaking at the first <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">CSICOP</a> Conference, in Buffalo, New York, 1983</figcaption></figure> Randi was awarded a <a href="/wiki/John_D._and_Catherine_T._MacArthur_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a> <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Fellows_Program" title="MacArthur Fellows Program">Fellowship</a> in 1986. The fellowship's five-year $272,000 grant helped support Randi's investigations of faith healers, including <a href="/wiki/W._V._Grant" title="W. V. Grant">W. V. Grant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Angley" title="Ernest Angley">Ernest Angley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Popoff" title="Peter Popoff">Peter Popoff</a>, whom Randi first exposed on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson in February 1986. Hearing about his investigation of Popoff, Carson invited Randi onto his show without seeing the evidence he was going to reveal. Carson appeared stunned after Randi showed a brief video segment from one of Popoff's broadcasts showing him calling out a woman in the audience, revealed personal information about her that he claimed came from God, and then performed a laying-on-of-hands healing to drive the devil from her body. Randi then replayed the video, but with some of the sound dubbed in that he and his investigating team captured during the event using a radio scanner and recorder. Their scanner had detected the radio frequency Popoff's wife Elizabeth was using backstage to broadcast directions and information to a miniature radio receiver hidden in Popoff's left ear. That information had been gathered by Popoff's assistants, who had handed out "prayer cards" to the audience before the show, instructing them to write down all the information Popoff would need to pray for them.<a href="#cite_note-Faith_Healers-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heavenly_Messages-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Randi_Debunks_Popoff-60">[58]</a> The news coverage generated by Randi's exposé on The Tonight Show led to many TV stations dropping Popoff's show, eventually forcing him into bankruptcy in September 1987.<a href="#cite_note-Bankruptcy-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-uUQxQ-62">[60]</a> However, the televangelist returned soon after with faith-healing infomercials that reportedly attracted more than $23 million in 2005 from viewers sending in money for promised healing and prosperity. The Canadian Centre for Inquiry's Think Again! TV documented one of Popoff's more recent performances before a large audience who gathered in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> on May 26, 2011, hoping to be saved from illness and poverty.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> In February 1988, Randi tested the gullibility of the media by perpetrating a hoax of his own. By teaming up with Australia's <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes_(Australian_TV_program)" title="60 Minutes (Australian TV program)">60 Minutes</a> program and by releasing a fake press package, he built up publicity for a "<a href="/wiki/Mediumship" title="Mediumship">spirit channeler</a>" named Carlos,<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> who was actually artist José Alvarez, Randi's partner. While performing as Carlos, Alvarez was prompted by Randi using sophisticated radio equipment. According to the 60 Minutes program on the Carlos hoax, "it was claimed that Alvarez would not have had the audience he did at the Opera House (and the resulting potential sales therefrom) had the media coverage been more aggressive (and factual)", though an analysis by <a href="/wiki/Australian_Skeptics" title="Australian Skeptics">The Skeptic</a>'s Tim Mendham concluded that, while the media coverage of Alvarez's appearances was not credulous, the hoax "at least showed that they could benefit by being a touch more sceptical".<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> The hoax was exposed on 60 Minutes Australia; "Carlos" and Randi explained how they had pulled it off.<a href="#cite_note-xsxlM-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-NEQPg-66">[64]</a> In his book The Faith Healers, Randi wrote that his anger and relentlessness arose from compassion for the victims of fraud. Randi was also critical of <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Deus_(medium)" class="mw-redirect" title="João de Deus (medium)">João de Deus</a>, a.k.a. "John of God", a self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">psychic surgeon</a> who had received international attention.<a href="#cite_note-JohnofGod-67">[65]</a> Randi observed, referring to psychic surgery, "To any experienced conjurer, the methods by which these seeming miracles are produced are very obvious."<a href="#cite_note-VH6f8-68">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg/280px-PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg/420px-PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg/560px-PipSmith_DickSmith_Klass_Sheaffer_JohnMerrell_Randi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1492" data-file-height="990" /></a><figcaption>Randi (far right) at 1983 CSICOP Conference in Buffalo, New York, with (from left) Pip Smith, <a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Klass" title="Philip J. Klass">Philip J. Klass</a> (standing), <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Smith (entrepreneur)">Dick Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sheaffer" title="Robert Sheaffer">Robert Sheaffer</a>, and John Merrell</figcaption></figure> In 1982, Randi verified the abilities of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Lintgen" title="Arthur Lintgen">Arthur Lintgen</a>, a Philadelphia doctor, who was able to identify the classical music recorded on a <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">vinyl LP</a> solely by examining the grooves on the record. However, Lintgen did not claim to have any paranormal ability, merely knowledge of the way that the groove forms patterns on particular recordings.<a href="#cite_note-Randi_2002-69">[67]</a> In 1988, <a href="/wiki/John_Maddox" title="John Maddox">John Maddox</a>, editor of the prominent science journal Nature, asked Randi to join the supervision and observation of the <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">homeopathy</a> experiments conducted by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Benveniste" title="Jacques Benveniste">Jacques Benveniste</a>'s team. Once Randi's stricter protocol for the experiment was in place, the positive results could not be reproduced.<a href="#cite_note-gLcUx-70">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg/280px-JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg/420px-JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg/560px-JREF_TAM9_Beard_Photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4815" data-file-height="2696" /></a><figcaption>The James Randi Beard Photo, taken at the JREF <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Meeting" title="The Amazing Meeting">Amaz!ng Meeting</a> 9 ("TAM 9 From Outer Space"), July 16, 2011</figcaption></figure> Randi stated that <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dunglas_Home" title="Daniel Dunglas Home">Daniel Dunglas Home</a>, who could allegedly play an accordion that was locked in a cage without touching it, was caught cheating on a few occasions, but the incidents were never made public. He also stated that the actual instrument in use was a <a href="/wiki/Harmonica" title="Harmonica">one-octave mouth organ</a> concealed under Home's large mustache and that other one-octave mouth organs were found in Home's belongings after his death.<a href="#cite_note-MGgXc-71">[69]</a> According to Randi, author <a href="/wiki/William_Lindsay_Gresham" title="William Lindsay Gresham">William Lindsay Gresham</a> told Randi "around 1960" that he had seen these mouth organs in the Home collection at the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Psychical_Research" title="Society for Psychical Research">Society for Psychical Research</a> (SPR). Eric J. Dingwall, who catalogued Home's collection on its arrival at the SPR does not record the presence of the mouth organs. According to Peter Lamont, the author of an extensive Home biography, "It is unlikely Dingwall would have missed these or did not make them public."<a href="#cite_note-Lamont302-72">[70]</a> The fraudulent medium <a href="/wiki/Henry_Slade_(medium)" title="Henry Slade (medium)">Henry Slade</a> also played an accordion while held with one hand under a table.<a href="#cite_note-ADVCX-73">[71]</a> Slade and Home played the same pieces. They had at one time lived near each other in the U.S. The magician <a href="/wiki/Chung_Ling_Soo" title="Chung Ling Soo">Chung Ling Soo</a> exposed how Slade had performed the trick.<a href="#cite_note-7HSBC-74">[72]</a> Randi distinguished between <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a> and "crackpot science". He regarded most of <a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">parapsychology</a> as pseudoscience because of the way in which it is approached and conducted, but nonetheless saw it as a legitimate subject that "should be pursued", and from which real scientific discoveries may develop.<a href="#cite_note-Terzian-Bilson-75">[73]</a> Randi regarded crackpot science as "equally wrong" as pseudoscience, but with no scientific pretensions.<a href="#cite_note-OzNtJ-76">[74]</a> Despite multiple debunkings, Randi did not like to be called a "debunker", preferring to call himself a "skeptic" or an "investigator":<a href="#cite_note-westdefense-3">[3]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">(...) if you go into a situation calling yourself a debunker then it is as if you have prejudged the topic. It's not neutral or scientific, and it can turn people against you.</blockquote> Skeptics and magicians <a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller" title="Penn & Teller">Penn & Teller</a> credit Randi and his career as a skeptic for their own careers. During an interview at <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Meeting" title="The Amazing Meeting">TAM! 2012</a>, Penn stated that <a href="/wiki/Flim-Flam!" title="Flim-Flam!">Flim-Flam!</a> was an early influence on him, and said "If not for Randi there would not be Penn & Teller as we are today."<a href="#cite_note-Penn-77">[75]</a>: 1:40  He went on to say "Outside of my family ... no one is more important in my life. Randi is everything to me."<a href="#cite_note-Penn-77">[75]</a>: 5:34  At the <a href="/wiki/NECSS" class="mw-redirect" title="NECSS">NECSS</a> skeptic conference in 2017, Randi was asked by <a href="/wiki/George_Hrab" title="George Hrab">George Hrab</a> what a "'skeptic coming of age ceremony' would look like" and Randi talked about what it was like as a child to learn about the speed of light and how that felt like he was looking into the past. Randi stated "More kids need to be stunned".<a href="#cite_note-p5aJV-78">[76]</a> At <a href="/wiki/The_Amaz!ng_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amaz!ng Meeting">The Amaz!ng Meeting</a> in 2011 (TAM 9) the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Investigations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Investigations Group">Independent Investigations Group</a> (IIG) organized a tribute to Randi. The group gathered together with other attendees, put on fake white beards, and posed for a large group photo with Randi. At the <a href="/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a> in 2017, in absence of Randi, the IIG organized another group photo with leftover beards from the 2011 photo. After Randi was sent the photo, he replied, "I'm always very touched by any such expression. This is certainly no exception. You have my sincere gratitude. I suspect, however that a couple of those beards were fake. But I'm in a forgiving mood at the moment. I'm frankly very touched. I'll see you at the next CSICon. Thank you all."<a href="#cite_note-AiEqM-79">[77]</a> In a 2019 <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a> magazine article, <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Hall" title="Harriet Hall">Harriet Hall</a>, a friend of Randi, compares him to the fictional <a href="/wiki/Albus_Dumbledore" title="Albus Dumbledore">Albus Dumbledore</a>. Hall describes their long white beards, flamboyant clothing, associated with a bird (Dumbledore with a phoenix and Randi with Pegasus). They both are caring and have "immense brainpower" and both "can perform impressive feats of magic". She states that Randi is one of "major inspirations for the skeptical work I do ... He's way better than Dumbledore!".<a href="#cite_note-Dumbledore-80">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploring_Psychic_Powers_..._Live_television_show">Exploring Psychic Powers ... Live television show</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Exploring Psychic Powers ... Live television show">edit</a>]</div> Exploring Psychic Powers ... Live was a two-hour television special aired live on June 7, 1989, wherein Randi examined several people claiming psychic powers. Hosted by actor <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bixby" title="Bill Bixby">Bill Bixby</a>, the program offered $100,000 (Randi's $10,000 prize plus $90,000 put up by the show's <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicator</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Broadcast_Services_Company" title="Lexington Broadcast Services Company">LBS Communications, Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-6jiX6-81">[79]</a>) to anyone who could demonstrate genuine psychic powers. <ul><li>An <a href="/wiki/Astrologer" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrologer">astrologer</a>, Joseph Meriwether, claimed that he was able to ascertain a person's <a href="/wiki/Astrological_sign" title="Astrological sign">astrological sign</a> after talking with them for a few minutes. He was presented with twelve people, one at a time, each with a different astrological sign. They could not tell Meriwether their astrological sign or birth date, nor could they wear anything that would indicate it. After Meriwether talked to them, he had them go and sit in front of the astrological sign that he thought was theirs. By agreement, Meriwether needed to get ten of the 12 correct, to win. He got none correct.<a href="#cite_note-Bauer-82">[80]</a></li> <li>The next psychic, Barbara Martin, claimed to be able to read <a href="/wiki/Aura_(paranormal)" title="Aura (paranormal)">auras</a> around people, claiming that auras were visible at least five inches above each person. She selected ten people from a group of volunteers who she said had clearly visible auras. On stage were erected ten screens, numbered 1 through 10, just tall enough to hide the volunteer while not hiding their aura. Unseen by Martin, some of the volunteers positioned themselves behind different screens, then she was invited to predict which screens hid volunteers by seeing their aura above. She stated that she saw an aura over all ten screens, but people were behind only four of the screens.<a href="#cite_note-Bau2020-83">[81]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Dowsing" title="Dowsing">dowser</a>, Forrest Bayes, claimed that he could detect water in a bottle inside a sealed cardboard box. He was shown twenty boxes and asked to indicate which boxes contained a water bottle. He selected eight of the boxes, which he said contained water, but it turned out that only five of the twenty contained water. Of the eight selected boxes, only one was revealed to contain water and one contained sand. It was not revealed whether any of the remaining six boxes contained water.<a href="#cite_note-Bauer-82">[80]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Psychometry_(paranormal)" title="Psychometry (paranormal)">psychometric psychic</a>, Sharon McLaren-Straz, claimed to be able to receive personal information about the owner of an object by handling the object itself. In order to avoid ambiguous statements, the psychic agreed to be presented with both a watch and a key from each of twelve different people. She was to match keys and watches to their owners. According to the prior agreement, she had to match at least nine out of the twelve sets, but she succeeded in only two.<a href="#cite_note-Bau2020-83">[81]</a></li> <li>Professional crystal healer Valerie Swan attempted to use <a href="/wiki/Extrasensory_perception" title="Extrasensory perception">ESP</a> to identify 250 <a href="/wiki/Zener_cards" title="Zener cards">Zener cards</a>, guessing which of the five symbols was on each one. Random guessing should have resulted in about fifty correct guesses, so it was agreed in advance that Swan had to be right on at least eighty-two cards in order to demonstrate an ability greater than chance. However, she was able to get only fifty predictions correct, which is no better than random guessing.<a href="#cite_note-eQBdU-84">[82]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="James_Randi_Educational_Foundation_(JREF)">James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF)">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a></div> In 1996, Randi established the James Randi Educational Foundation. Randi and his colleagues publish in JREF's blog, Swift. Topics have included the interesting mathematics of the <a href="/wiki/One-seventh_area_triangle" title="One-seventh area triangle">one-seventh area triangle</a>, a classic geometric puzzle. In his weekly commentary, Randi often gave examples of what he considered the nonsense that he dealt with every day.<a href="#cite_note-si-fakers-85">[83]</a> Beginning in 2003, the JREF annually hosted <a href="/wiki/The_Amaz!ng_Meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="The Amaz!ng Meeting">The Amaz!ng Meeting</a>, a gathering of scientists, <a href="/wiki/Skeptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptic">skeptics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a>. The last meeting was in 2015, coinciding with Randi's retirement from the JREF.<a href="#cite_note-frustrated-86">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-HallDyer-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-OcrCr-88">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2010s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg/180px-James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg/270px-James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg/360px-James_Randi_with_Skull_Cane_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Randi with skull cane, 2014</figcaption></figure> Randi began a series of conferences known as "The Amazing Meeting" (TAM) which quickly became the largest gathering of <a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">skeptics</a> in the world, drawing audiences from Asia, Europe, South America, and the UK. It also attracted a large percentage of younger attendees.<a href="#cite_note-wZWUl-89">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-XZLKX-90">[88]</a> Randi was regularly featured on many <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcasts</a>, including The Skeptics Society's official podcast <a href="/wiki/Skepticality" title="Skepticality">Skepticality</a><a href="#cite_note-skepticality10-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-skepticality67a-92">[90]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a>'s official podcast <a href="/wiki/Point_of_Inquiry" title="Point of Inquiry">Point of Inquiry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Point_of_Inquiry-93">[91]</a> From September 2006 onwards, he occasionally contributed to <a href="/wiki/The_Skeptics%27_Guide_to_the_Universe" title="The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe">The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe</a> podcast with a column called "Randi Speaks".<a href="#cite_note-sg2u-94">[92]</a> In addition, The Amazing Show was a podcast in which Randi shared various anecdotes in an interview format.<a href="#cite_note-AmazingShow-95">[93]</a> In 2014, Part2Filmworks released <a href="/wiki/An_Honest_Liar" title="An Honest Liar">An Honest Liar</a>, a feature film documentary, written by Tyler Measom and Greg O'Toole, and directed and produced by Measom and Justin Weinstein.<a href="#cite_note-YahooMovies-96">[94]</a> The film, which was funded through <a href="/wiki/Kickstarter" title="Kickstarter">Kickstarter</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kickstarter-97">[95]</a> focuses on Randi's life, his investigations, and his relationship with longtime partner José Alvarez (born Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga), to whom he was married in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-YahooMovies-96">[94]</a> The film was screened at the <a href="/wiki/Tribeca_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribeca Film Festival">Tribeca Film Festival</a>,<a href="#cite_note-sjlxI-98">[96]</a> at Toronto's Hot Docs film festival,<a href="#cite_note-mxGKP-99">[97]</a> and at the June 2014 <a href="/wiki/AFI_Docs_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="AFI Docs Festival">AFI Docs Festival</a> in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>, and Washington, D.C., where it won the Audience Award for Best Feature. It also received positive reviews from critics.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> The film was featured on the PBS <a href="/wiki/Independent_Lens" title="Independent Lens">Independent Lens</a> series, shown in the U.S. and Canada, on March 28, 2016.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> In December 2014, Randi flew to Australia to take part in "An Evening with James Randi" tour, organized by Think Inc. This tour included a screening of An Honest Liar followed by a "fireside chat" with Randi on stage. Cities visited were Adelaide, Perth, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Sydney. MC in Adelaide was <a href="/wiki/Paul_Willis_(science_communicator)" title="Paul Willis (science communicator)">Dr. Paul Willis</a> with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Saunders_(skeptic)" title="Richard Saunders (skeptic)">Richard Saunders</a> interviewing Randi. MC in Perth was Jake Farr-Wharton with Richard Saunders interviewing Randi. MC for Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney was Richard Saunders with <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Leung" title="Lawrence Leung">Lawrence Leung</a> interviewing Randi.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> In 2017, Randi appeared in animated form on the website Holy Koolaid, in which he discussed the challenge of finding the balance between connecting sincerely with his audience and at the same time tricking/fooling them with an artful ruse, and indicated that this is a balance with which many magicians struggle.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge">One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge" title="One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge">One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge</a></div> The James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) offered a prize of US$1,000,000 to anyone able to demonstrate a supernatural ability under <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> testing criteria agreed to by both sides. Based on the paranormal challenges of <a href="/wiki/John_Nevil_Maskelyne" title="John Nevil Maskelyne">John Nevil Maskelyne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Houdini" class="mw-redirect" title="Houdini">Houdini</a>, the foundation began in 1996, when Randi put up $1,000 of his own money payable to anyone who could provide objective proof of the paranormal.<a href="#cite_note-Poulsen-105">[103]</a> The prize money grew to $1,000,000, and had formal published rules. No one progressed past the preliminary test, which was set up with parameters agreed to by both Randi and the applicant. He refused to accept any challengers who might suffer serious injury or death as a result of the testing.<a href="#cite_note-AVvkL-106">[104]</a> On April 1, 2007, it was ruled that only persons with an established, nationally recognized media profile and the backing of a reputable academic were allowed to apply for the challenge, in order to avoid wasting JREF resources on frivolous claimants.<a href="#cite_note-Poulsen-105">[103]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a>, March 6, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Larry_King" title="Larry King">Larry King</a> asked claimed medium <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Browne" title="Sylvia Browne">Sylvia Browne</a> if she would take the challenge and she agreed.<a href="#cite_note-9UUXF-107">[105]</a> Randi appeared with Browne on Larry King Live six months later, and she again appeared to accept his challenge.<a href="#cite_note-CNN09032001-108">[106]</a> However, according to Randi, she ultimately refused to be tested, and the Randi Foundation kept a clock on its website recording the number of weeks since Browne allegedly accepted the challenge without following through, until Browne's death in November 2013.<a href="#cite_note-P4Fx6-109">[107]</a> During a subsequent appearance on Larry King Live on June 5, 2001, Randi challenged <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Altea" title="Rosemary Altea">Rosemary Altea</a>, another claimed medium, to undergo testing for the million dollars, but Altea refused to address the question.<a href="#cite_note-AlteaLarryKing-110">[108]</a> Instead Altea replied only, "I agree with what he says, that there are many, many people who claim to be spiritual mediums, they claim to talk to the dead. There are many people, we all know this. There are cheats and charlatans everywhere."<a href="#cite_note-AlteaLarryKing-110">[108]</a> On January 26, 2007, Altea and Randi again appeared on the show, and Altea again refused to answer whether or not she would take the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge.<a href="#cite_note-zbv5M-111">[109]</a> In October 2007, claimed psychic <a href="/wiki/John_Edward" title="John Edward">John Edward</a> appeared on Headline Prime, hosted by <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Glenn Beck</a>. When asked if he would take "the Amazing Randi's" challenge, Edward responded, "It's funny. I was on Larry King Live once, and they asked me the same question. And I made a joke [then], and I'll say the same thing here: why would I allow myself to be tested by somebody who's got an adjective as a first name?"<a href="#cite_note-Fmzt8-112">[110]</a> Beck simply allowed Edward to continue, ignoring the challenge. Randi asked British businessman Jim McCormick, the inventor of the bogus <a href="/wiki/ADE_651" title="ADE 651">ADE 651</a> bomb detector, to take the challenge in October 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Ylmyo-113">[111]</a> Randi called the ADE 651 "a useless quack device which cannot perform any other function than separating naive persons from their money. It's a fake, a scam, a swindle, and a blatant fraud. Prove me wrong and take the million dollars."<a href="#cite_note-Times-Iraqis_spent-114">[112]</a> There was no response from McCormick.<a href="#cite_note-nyt4nov09-115">[113]</a> According to Iraqi investigators, the ADE 651, which was corruptly sold to the Baghdad bomb squad, was responsible for the deaths of hundreds of civilians who died as a result of terrorist bombs which were not detected at checkpoints. On April 23, 2013, McCormick was convicted of three counts of fraud at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a> in London;<a href="#cite_note-FRyXE-116">[114]</a> he was subsequently sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for his part in the ADE 651 scandal, which Randi was the first to expose.<a href="#cite_note-HAvO5-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Booth-118">[116]</a> A public log of past participants in the Million Dollar Challenge exists.<a href="#cite_note-rhcEJ-119">[117]</a> In 2015, after Randi's retirement, his foundation said the Million Dollar Challenge would no longer consider applicants unless they meet a set of minimum protocols, to reduce the amount of frivolous claims.<a href="#cite_note-RefqC-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jcm9M-121">[119]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_disputes">Legal disputes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legal disputes">edit</a>]</div> Randi was involved in a variety of legal disputes, but said that he had "never paid even one dollar or even one cent to anyone who ever sued me."<a href="#cite_note-Randiwoo-2">[2]</a> However, he said, he had paid out large sums to defend himself in these suits. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uri_Geller">Uri Geller</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Uri Geller">edit</a>]</div> Randi met magician <a href="/wiki/Uri_Geller" title="Uri Geller">Uri Geller</a> in the early 1970s, and found Geller to be "Very charming. Likable, beautiful, affectionate, genuine, forward-going, handsome—everything!"<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> But Randi viewed Geller as a con-man, and began a long effort to expose him as a fraud.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> According to Randi, Geller tried to sue him several times, accusing him of libel. Geller never won, save for a ruling in a Japanese court that ordered Randi to pay Geller one-third of one per cent of what Geller had requested. This ruling was cancelled, and the matter dropped, when Geller decided to concentrate on another legal matter.<a href="#cite_note-Randiwoo-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-r8P1f-122">[120]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Geller_v._Randi" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Geller v. Randi">Geller v. Randi</a></div></div></div> </div> In May 1991, Geller sued Randi and CSICOP for $15 million on a charge of slander, after Randi told the <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_International_Edition" title="The New York Times International Edition">International Herald Tribune</a> that Geller had "tricked even reputable scientists" with stunts that "are the kind that used to be on the back of cereal boxes", referring to the old spoon-bending trick. The court dismissed the case and Geller had to settle at a cost to him of $120,000, after Randi produced a cereal box which bore instructions on how to do the spoon-bending trick. Geller's lawyer Don Katz was disbarred mid-way into this action and Geller ended up suing him. After failing to pay by the deadline imposed by the court, Geller was sanctioned an additional $20,000.<a href="#cite_note-lgKNL-123">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-xAZLD-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-MrUUs-125">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-csicop-suitdismissed-126">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-skepfiles-suitdismssed-127">[125]</a> Geller sued both Randi and <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">CSICOP</a> in the 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-Kur2010-128">[126]</a> CSICOP argued that the organization was not responsible for Randi's statements. The court agreed that including CSICOP was frivolous and dropped them from the action, leaving Randi to face the action alone, along with the legal costs. Geller was ordered to pay substantial damages, but only to CSICOP.<a href="#cite_note-Kur2010-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_cases">Other cases</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other cases">edit</a>]</div> In 1993, a jury in the U.S. District Court in Baltimore found Randi liable for defaming Eldon Byrd for calling him a child molester in a magazine story and a "shopping market molester" in a 1988 speech. However, the jury found that Byrd was not entitled to any monetary damages after hearing testimony that he had sexually molested and later married his sister-in-law. The jury also cleared the other defendant in the case, CSICOP.<a href="#cite_note-CfYHP-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-jIymw-130">[128]</a> Late in 1996, Randi launched a libel suit against a Toronto-area psychic named Earl Gordon Curley.<a href="#cite_note-jref-curley-131">[129]</a> Curley had made multiple objectionable comments about Randi on <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a>. Despite suggesting to Randi on Usenet that Randi should sue—Curley's comments implying that if Randi did not sue, then his allegations must be true—Curley seemed entirely surprised when Randi actually retained Toronto's largest law firm and initiated legal proceedings. The suit was eventually dropped in 1998 when Earl Curley died at the age of 51 of "alcohol toxicity".<a href="#cite_note-jref-curley2-132">[130]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] <a href="/wiki/Allison_DuBois" title="Allison DuBois">Allison DuBois</a>, on whose life the television series <a href="/wiki/Medium_(TV_series)" title="Medium (TV series)">Medium</a> was based, threatened Randi with legal action for using a photo of her from her website in his December 17, 2004, commentary without her permission.<a href="#cite_note-swift-medium-133">[131]</a> Randi removed the photo and subsequently used a <a href="/wiki/Caricature" title="Caricature">caricature</a> of DuBois when mentioning her on his site, beginning with his December 23, 2005, commentary.<a href="#cite_note-swift-medium2-134">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sniffex" title="Sniffex">Sniffex</a>, producer of a dowsing bomb detection device, sued Randi and the JREF in 2007, and lost.<a href="#cite_note-jref-Sniffex-135">[133]</a> Sniffex sued Randi for his comments regarding a government test in which the Sniffex device failed. The company was later investigated and charged with fraud.<a href="#cite_note-jref-Sniffex-135">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Views">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_views">Political views</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Political views">edit</a>]</div> Randi was a registered <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theesp.eu-49">[47]</a> In April 2009, he released a statement endorsing the <a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">legalization of most illegal drugs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-following_up-136">[134]</a> Randi had been reported as a believer in <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinist</a> theories,<a href="#cite_note-storr-137">[135]</a> although he would denounce the ideologies and movements that formed around the theories in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-4KvL3-138">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_religion">Views on religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Views on religion">edit</a>]</div> Randi's parents were members of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Canada" title="Anglican Church of Canada">Anglican Church</a> but rarely attended services.<a href="#cite_note-MTS-139">[137]</a> He attended <a href="/wiki/Sunday_school" title="Sunday school">Sunday school</a> at St. Cuthbert's Church in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a> a few times as a child, but he independently decided to stop going after receiving no answer to his request for proof of the teachings of the Church.<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 24:40 <a href="#cite_note-140">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-DKj3w-141">[138]</a> In his essay "Why I Deny Religion, How Silly and Fantastic It Is, and Why I'm a Dedicated and Vociferous <a href="/wiki/Brights_movement" title="Brights movement">Bright</a>", Randi, who identified himself as an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-No_Religion-142">[139]</a> opined that many accounts in religious texts, including the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus" title="Virgin birth of Jesus">virgin birth</a>, the miracles of Jesus Christ, and the <a href="/wiki/Parting_of_the_Red_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Parting of the Red Sea">parting of the Red Sea</a> by <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a>, are not believable. Randi refers to the <a href="/wiki/Mary_(mother_of_Jesus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary (mother of Jesus)">Virgin Mary</a> as being "impregnated by a ghost of some sort, and as a result produced a son who could walk on water, raise the dead, turn water into wine, and multiply loaves of bread and fishes" and questions how <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>'s family "managed to populate the Earth without committing incest". He wrote that, compared to the Bible, "<a href="/wiki/The_Wonderful_Wizard_Of_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz">The Wizard of Oz</a> is more believable. And much more fun."<a href="#cite_note-1SgLD-143">[140]</a> Clarifying his view of atheism, Randi wrote "I've said it before: there are two sorts of atheists. One sort claims that there is no deity, the other claims that there is no evidence that proves the existence of a deity; I belong to the latter group, because if I were to claim that no god exists, I would have to produce evidence to establish that claim, and I cannot. Religious persons have by far the easier position; they say they believe in a deity because that's their preference, and they've read it in a book. That's their right."<a href="#cite_note-No_Religion-142">[139]</a> In An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural (1995), he examines various spiritual practices skeptically. Of the meditation techniques of <a href="/wiki/Prem_Rawat" title="Prem Rawat">Guru Maharaj Ji</a>, he writes "Only the very naive were convinced that they had been let in on some sort of celestial secret."<a href="#cite_note-icZXA-144">[141]</a> In 2003, he was one of the signers of the <a href="/wiki/Humanism_and_Its_Aspirations" title="Humanism and Its Aspirations">Humanist Manifesto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vnKMs-145">[142]</a> Regarding his 2006 coronary artery bypass surgery, Randi was asked if he was tempted by religious ideas about an afterlife or if he went through it any differently than if he had been religious. Randi replied "I allowed <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a> to speak for me" referring to Dennett's essay 'Thank Goodness', which Dennett wrote after a serious surgery. Summing up the essay, Randi continued:<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">(...) when he was recovering in the hospital he had people coming in and saying “Oh, thank God, you’re doing this, that and the other”, and he wrote this little essay, he said “No, never mind ‘thank god’ but I’ll accept thank goodness. Thank the goodness of the anaesthesiologist. Thank the goodness of the nurses who empty my bedpan. Thank the goodness of the intern who sweeps the floor regularly so that I don’t have to breathe too much dust. Thank the designers and makers of Dacron.” All of these things, he said, “Yes, thank their goodness but don’t thank a mythical being.” And, essentially that’s a contraction of it, rather severely, but that’s the way I feel, yes.</blockquote> In a discussion with <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Kendrick Frazier</a> at <a href="/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a> 2016, Randi stated "I think that a belief in a deity is ... an unprovable claim ... and a rather ridiculous claim. It is an easy way out to explain things to which we have no answer."<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 7:05  He then summarized his current concern with religious belief as follows: "A belief in a god is one of the most damaging things that infests humanity at this particular moment in history. It may improve, and I see signs that it may be improving, and I'll leave it at that."<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 7:40  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> When Randi hosted his own radio show in the 1960s, he lived in a small house in <a href="/wiki/Rumson,_New_Jersey" title="Rumson, New Jersey">Rumson, New Jersey</a>, that featured a sign on the premises that read: "Randi—Charlatan".<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a> In the 1970s and 80s, Randi supported seven <a href="/wiki/Foster_child" class="mw-redirect" title="Foster child">foster children</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> In 1987, Randi became a <a href="/wiki/Naturalized_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalized citizen">naturalized citizen</a> of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-7deHF-148">[145]</a> Randi said that one reason he became an American citizen was an incident while he was on tour with Alice Cooper, during which the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> searched the band's lockers during a performance, completely ransacking the room, but finding nothing illegal.<a href="#cite_note-VALL5-149">[146]</a> In February 2006, Randi underwent <a href="/wiki/Coronary_artery_bypass_surgery" title="Coronary artery bypass surgery">coronary artery bypass surgery</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AZS9c-150">[147]</a> The weekly commentary updates to his Web site were made by guests while he was hospitalized.<a href="#cite_note-swift-guestauthor-151">[148]</a> Randi recovered after his surgery and was able to help organize and attend The Amaz!ng Meeting in 2007 in <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas, Nevada</a>, his annual convention of scientists, magicians, skeptics, atheists, and freethinkers.<a href="#cite_note-jNBpZ-152">[149]</a> Randi was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_cancer" title="Colorectal cancer">colorectal cancer</a> in June 2009.<a href="#cite_note-OnAndOffChemo-153">[150]</a> He had a series of small <a href="/wiki/Neoplasm" title="Neoplasm">tumors</a> removed from his <a href="/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Human gastrointestinal tract">intestines</a> during <a href="/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Laparoscopic surgery">laparoscopic surgery</a>. He announced the diagnosis a week later at The Amaz!ng Meeting 7, as well as the fact that he was scheduled to begin <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> in the following weeks.<a href="#cite_note-SF-Weekly-154">[151]</a> He also said at the conference: "One day, I'm gonna die. That's all there is to it. Hey, it's too bad, but I've got to make room. I'm using a lot of oxygen and such—I think it's good use of oxygen myself, but of course, I'm a little prejudiced on the matter."<a href="#cite_note-SF-Weekly-154">[151]</a> Randi underwent his final chemotherapy session in December 2009, an experience that he said was not as unpleasant as he had imagined it might be.<a href="#cite_note-OnAndOffChemo-153">[150]</a> In a video posted in April 2010, Randi stated that he had been given a clean bill of health.<a href="#cite_note-K9TAr-155">[152]</a> In a 2010 blog entry, Randi <a href="/wiki/Coming_out" title="Coming out">came out</a> as <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">gay</a>, a move he said was inspired by seeing the 2008 biographical drama film <a href="/wiki/Milk_(2008_American_film)" title="Milk (2008 American film)">Milk</a>.<a href="#cite_note-az5xi-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-FQ83a-157">[154]</a> Randi married <a href="/wiki/Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelan</a> artist José Alvarez (born Deyvi Orangel Peña Arteaga) on July 2, 2013, in Washington, D.C. In 1986, Randi met Alvarez in a Fort Lauderdale public library after he had recently moved to Florida. Alvarez, who was then known as Peña, had left his native land in fear of his life after being threatened for being homosexual. The alias Peña used, Jose Alvarez, was already an actual person in the United States. The identity confusion caused the real Alvarez some legal and financial difficulties. Peña was arrested for identity theft and faced deportation. They resided in <a href="/wiki/Plantation,_Florida" title="Plantation, Florida">Plantation, Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-9wS9S-158">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-mrpxq-159">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-vNju7-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-2enao-161">[158]</a> In the 1993 documentary <a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Psychics">Secrets of the Psychics</a>, Randi stated, "I've never involved myself in narcotics of any kind; I don't smoke; I don't drink, because that can easily just fuzz the edges of my rationality, fuzz the edges of my reasoning powers, and I want to be as aware as I possibly can. That means giving up a lot of fantasies that might be comforting in some ways, but I'm willing to give that up in order to live in an actually real world, as close as I can get to it".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Secrets_of_the_Psychics"10′45″-162">[159]</a> In a video released in October 2017, Randi revealed that he had recently suffered a minor stroke, and that he was under medical advice not to travel during his recovery, so would be unable to attend <a href="/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a> 2017 in Las Vegas later that month.<a href="#cite_note-IqT69-163">[160]</a> Randi died at his home on October 20, 2020, at the age of 92.<a href="#cite_note-LclJY-164">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_Obit-165">[162]</a> The James Randi Educational Foundation attributed his death to "age-related causes".<a href="#cite_note-JREFDeathNotice-166">[163]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a> said that Randi "was the public face of skeptical inquiry, bringing a sense of fun and mischievousness to a serious mission." <a href="/wiki/Kendrick_Frazier" title="Kendrick Frazier">Kendrick Frazier</a> said, as part of the statement, "Despite his ferocity in challenging all forms of nonsense, in person he was a kind and gentle man."<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Awards and honors">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Award or honor </th></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td>Visiting Magician of the Year, Academy of Magical Arts & Sciences at <a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Magic Castle">the Magic Castle</a> in Hollywood.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td>Garden State Magicians' award.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>Asteroid <a href="/wiki/3163_Randi" class="mw-redirect" title="3163 Randi">3163 Randi</a> was named after James Randi,<a href="#cite_note-KLxSN-169">[166]</a> who had always been an active <a href="/wiki/Amateur_astronomy" title="Amateur astronomy">amateur observer</a>. His friend <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> encouraged his interest.<a href="#cite_note-TorontoStar1986-10">[10]</a> Certificate of appreciation at the MIT Club of Boston.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> Designated Grand Master of Magic by Hocus Pocus Magazine.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983</td> <td>Blackstone Cup, International Platform Association as Outstanding Speaker (won again in 1987).<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td>Honorary membership, Bay Surgical Society of Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td>A $273,000 <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation_Fellowship" class="mw-redirect" title="MacArthur Foundation Fellowship">MacArthur Foundation Fellowship</a> was awarded to James Randi for his investigations of the claims of Uri Geller and TV "<a href="/wiki/Faith_healers" class="mw-redirect" title="Faith healers">faith healers</a>"<a href="#cite_note-macfound-170">[167]</a> Honorary membership, Israeli Society for Promoting the Art of Magic.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td>Special fellowship, Academy of Magical Arts & Sciences in Los Angeles.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> Certificate of Appreciation, Ring 254 of the International Brotherhood of Magicians.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> Award of Merit, Assembly 22 of the Society of American Magicians.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988</td> <td>National Consumer Service Award, <a href="/wiki/National_Council_Against_Health_Fraud" title="National Council Against Health Fraud">National Council Against Health Fraud</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> International Ambassador of Magic, Society of American Magicians.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>Joseph A. Burton Forum Award, <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lVscq-171">[168]</a> Gold Medal, University of Ghent.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>Humanist Distinguished Service Award, <a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> Thomas Paine Award, Baton Rouge Proponents of Rational Inquiry & Scientific Methods.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td>Commemorative Medal with Golden Wreath, Hungarian Society for the Dissemination of Scientific Knowledge.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996</td> <td>Distinguished Skeptic Award, <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> (CSICOP).<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-First_World_Congress_1996-172">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997</td> <td>Lifetime Achievement Award, <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Magicians" title="International Brotherhood of Magicians">International Brotherhood of Magicians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> "One of the 100 Best People in the World, people who make our lives richer or larger or happier," Esquire magazine.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> Award, Science & Engineering Society of the National Security Agency.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td>"In Defense of Reason" Special Lifetime Achievement Award, Comitato Italiano per il Controllo dell Affermazioni sui Paranormale.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>Distinguished Lecturer Award, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Southeastern_University" title="Nova Southeastern University">Nova Southeastern University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002</td> <td>Presidential Citation, <a href="/wiki/International_Brotherhood_of_Magicians" title="International Brotherhood of Magicians">International Brotherhood of Magicians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td>First <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins_Award" title="Richard Dawkins Award">Richard Dawkins Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Randiofficialbio-173">[170]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Klass#The_Philip_J._Klass_Award" title="Philip J. Klass">Philip J. Klass Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-M8OQ9-174">[171]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td>Lifetime Achievement Award, <a href="/wiki/Independent_Investigations_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Investigations Group">Independent Investigations Group</a> (IIG). Previous recipients Carl Sagan and Harry Houdini.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-jyWSC-175">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>In Praise of Reason Award, <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-aboutjr-168">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>Elected a <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a> Fellow.<a href="#cite_note-5FjBH-176">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td>Lifetime Achievement Fellowship, <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Magical_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Magical Arts">Academy of Magical Arts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-d3p7l-177">[174]</a> Lifetime Achievement Award, <a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a>.<a href="#cite_note-f9e6w-178">[175]</a> Lifetime Achievement Award, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Skeptics" title="Australian Skeptics">Australian Skeptics</a> Inc.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Oberhummer_Award_for_Science_Communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinz Oberhummer Award for Science Communication">Heinz Oberhummer Award for Science Communication</a>, 2016<a href="#cite_note-oYHN4-180">[177]</a> Lifetime Achievement Award, <a href="/wiki/Humanist_Canada" title="Humanist Canada">Humanist Association of Canada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vCB1s-181">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>James Randi was one of very few members of the UK Magic Circle to be granted their highest order: Member of the Inner Magic Circle With Gold Star (MIMC).<a href="#cite_note-THLQN-182">[179]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_records">World records</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: World records">edit</a>]</div> The following are <a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a>: <ul><li>Randi was in a sealed casket underwater for one hour and 44 minutes, breaking the previous record of one hour and 33 minutes set by Harry Houdini on August 5, 1926.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TorontoStar1986-10">[10]</a></li> <li>Randi was encased in a block of ice for 55 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-scientific_skeptic1-48">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-TorontoStar1986-10">[10]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="205" data-mwtitle="Audio_James_Randi_Long_Version.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Audio_James_Randi_Long_Version.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Audio_James_Randi_Long_Version.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/Audio_James_Randi_Long_Version.ogg/Audio_James_Randi_Long_Version.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AAudio_James_Randi_Long_Version.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption>Long version of Audio recorded at <a href="/wiki/CSICon" title="CSICon">CSICon</a> October 2016</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="Randi_&_Sugar" class="citation book cs1">Randi, James; <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sugar" title="Bert Sugar">Sugar, Bert Randolph</a> (1976). Houdini, His Life and Art. New York: <a href="/wiki/Grosset_%26_Dunlap" title="Grosset & Dunlap">Grosset & Dunlap</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0448125527" title="Special:BookSources/978-0448125527"><bdi>978-0448125527</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3017457">3017457</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houdini%2C+His+Life+and+Art&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grosset+%26+Dunlap&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3017457&rft.isbn=978-0448125527&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Sugar%2C+Bert+Randolph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1982a" class="citation book cs1">—— (1982). <a href="/wiki/Flim-Flam!_Psychics,_ESP,_Unicorns,_and_Other_Delusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Flim-Flam! Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions">Flim-Flam!: Psychics, ESP, Unicorns, and Other Delusions</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>. Buffalo, NY: <a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Books" title="Prometheus Books">Prometheus Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0879751982" title="Special:BookSources/978-0879751982"><bdi>978-0879751982</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/82060953">82060953</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9066769">9066769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flim-Flam%21%3A+Psychics%2C+ESP%2C+Unicorns%2C+and+Other+Delusions&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9066769&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F82060953&rft.isbn=978-0879751982&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1982b" class="citation book cs1">—— (1982). Test Your ESP Potential: A Complete Kit With Instructions, Scorecards, and Apparatus. New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0486242699" title="Special:BookSources/978-0486242699"><bdi>978-0486242699</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7924713">7924713</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Test+Your+ESP+Potential%3A+A+Complete+Kit+With+Instructions%2C+Scorecards%2C+and+Apparatus&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7924713&rft.isbn=978-0486242699&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1982c" class="citation book cs1">—— (1982) [Originally published 1975 as The Magic of Uri Geller; New York: <a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>]. <a href="/wiki/The_Truth_About_Uri_Geller" title="The Truth About Uri Geller">The Truth About Uri Geller</a>. New York: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0879751999" title="Special:BookSources/978-0879751999"><bdi>978-0879751999</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9164994">9164994</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Truth+About+Uri+Geller&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9164994&rft.isbn=978-0879751999&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1987" class="citation book cs1">—— (1987). <a href="/wiki/The_Faith_Healers" title="The Faith Healers">The Faith Healers</a>. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0879753696" title="Special:BookSources/978-0879753696"><bdi>978-0879753696</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16353426">16353426</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Faith+Healers&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16353426&rft.isbn=978-0879753696&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Randi_1989" class="citation book cs1">—— (1989). The Magic World of the Amazing Randi. Holbrook, MA: Adams Media Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1558509825" title="Special:BookSources/978-1558509825"><bdi>978-1558509825</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/21303371">21303371</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Magic+World+of+the+Amazing+Randi&rft.place=Holbrook%2C+MA&rft.pub=Adams+Media+Corporation&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F21303371&rft.isbn=978-1558509825&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Randi_1990" class="citation book cs1">—— (1990). <a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Nostradamus:_The_Prophecies_of_the_World%27s_Most_Famous_Seer" class="mw-redirect" title="The Mask of Nostradamus: The Prophecies of the World's Most Famous Seer">The Mask of Nostradamus: The Prophecies of the World's Most Famous Seer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons" title="Charles Scribner's Sons">Charles Scribner's Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684190563" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684190563"><bdi>978-0684190563</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/824193656">824193656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mask+of+Nostradamus%3A+The+Prophecies+of+the+World%27s+Most+Famous+Seer&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F824193656&rft.isbn=978-0684190563&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Randi_1991" class="citation book cs1">—— (1991). James Randi: Psychic Investigator. London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Boxtree Ltd</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1852831448" title="Special:BookSources/978-1852831448"><bdi>978-1852831448</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26359284">26359284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Randi%3A+Psychic+Investigator&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Boxtree+Ltd&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F26359284&rft.isbn=978-1852831448&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> Companion book to the <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a>/<a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">Granada Television</a> series.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Randi_1992" class="citation book cs1">—— (1992). <a href="/wiki/Conjuring_(book)" title="Conjuring (book)">Conjuring: Being a Definitive History of the Venerable Arts of Sorcery, Prestidigitation, Wizardry, Deception, & Chicanery and of the Mountebanks & Scoundrels Who have Perpetrated these Subterfuges on a Bewildered Public, in short, Magic!</a> (1st ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312097714" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312097714"><bdi>978-0312097714</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/640909937">640909937</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conjuring%3A+Being+a+Definitive+History+of+the+Venerable+Arts+of+Sorcery%2C+Prestidigitation%2C+Wizardry%2C+Deception%2C+%26+Chicanery+and+of+the+Mountebanks+%26+Scoundrels+Who+have+Perpetrated+these+Subterfuges+on+a+Bewildered+Public%2C+in+short%2C+Magic%21&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F640909937&rft.isbn=978-0312097714&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Randi_1995" class="citation book cs1">—— (1995). <a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> (1st ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312151195" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312151195"><bdi>978-0312151195</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35978760">35978760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopedia+of+Claims%2C+Frauds%2C+and+Hoaxes+of+the+Occult+and+Supernatural&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35978760&rft.isbn=978-0312151195&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.randi.org/encyclopedia-of-claims.html">Online version</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_and_film_appearances">Television and film appearances</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Television and film appearances">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi,_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/220px-Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/330px-Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/440px-Publicity_material_for_the_tv_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2433" data-file-height="3125" /></a><figcaption>Publicity material for <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> series "James Randi: Psychic Investigator" produced by <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> in 1991</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi,_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/220px-James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/330px-James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg/440px-James_Randi_and_guests_appearing_on_ITV_series_%22James_Randi%2C_Psychic_Investigator%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5639" data-file-height="3980" /></a><figcaption>With guests on <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> series "James Randi: Psychic Investigator" produced by <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> in 1991</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_an_actor">As an actor</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: As an actor">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Good_to_See_You_Again,_Alice_Cooper" title="Good to See You Again, Alice Cooper">Good to See You Again, Alice Cooper</a> (1974) as the Dentist/Executioner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragtime_(film)" title="Ragtime (film)">Ragtime</a> (1981) (stunt coordinator: Houdini)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller" title="Penn & Teller">Penn & Teller</a>'s Invisible Thread (1987) (TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller_Get_Killed" title="Penn & Teller Get Killed">Penn & Teller Get Killed</a> (1989) as the 3rd Rope Holder</li> <li>Beyond Desire (1994) as the Coroner</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appearing_as_himself">Appearing as himself</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Appearing as himself">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wonderama" title="Wonderama">Wonderama</a> (1959–1967) (TV) as The Amazing Randi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_a_Secret" title="I've Got a Secret">I've Got a Secret</a> (1965) (TV) as The Amazing Randi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a> Test Show 1 (1969) (TV) as The Amazing Randi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Days" title="Happy Days">Happy Days</a> – "The Magic Show" (1978) as the Amazing Randi<a href="#cite_note-WmUxp-183">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zembla_(TV_series)" title="Zembla (TV series)">Zembla</a>, 'De trucs van Char' (The tricks <a href="/wiki/Char_Margolis" title="Char Margolis">Char</a> uses). (March 2008)<a href="#cite_note-XUBpD-184">[181]</a></li> <li>ZDF German TV (2007)</li> <li>Wild Wild Web (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_57th_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="West 57th (TV series)">West 57th</a> (1980s)</li> <li>Welt der Wunder – Kraft der Gedanken (January 2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Today_(American_TV_program)" title="Today (American TV program)">Today</a> (many appearances)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Don_Lane_Show" title="The Don Lane Show">The Don Lane Show</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/That%27s_My_Line" title="That's My Line">That's My Line</a> (1981) (Appeared with <a href="/wiki/James_Hydrick" title="James Hydrick">James Hydrick</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_View_(talk_show)" title="The View (talk show)">The View</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>) multiple appearances 1997 onwards</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tonight_Show_Starring_Johnny_Carson" title="The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson">The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson</a> (32 appearances between 1973 and 1993 plus repeats)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Cabaret" title="The Secret Cabaret">The Secret Cabaret</a> (produced by <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> for <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> in the UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_Belief" title="The Power of Belief">The Power of Belief</a> (October 6, 1998) (<a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> Special) (TV)</li> <li>People are Talking (1980s)</li> <li>The Patterson Show (1970s)</li> <li>Superpowers? (an <a href="/wiki/Equinox_(TV_programme)" title="Equinox (TV programme)">Equinox</a> documentary made by <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> for <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> in 1990)<a href="#cite_note-Jwn5Z-185">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/After_Dark_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="After Dark (TV series)">After Dark</a> (September 3, 1988, and September 9, 1989)<a href="#cite_note-MTCZ4-186">[183]</a></li> <li>Weird Thoughts, <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> discussion hosted by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Wilson" title="Tony Wilson">Tony Wilson</a> for <a href="/wiki/BBC_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC TV">BBC TV</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Mary_Beard_(classicist)" title="Mary Beard (classicist)">Mary Beard</a> and others, 1994<a href="#cite_note-donc2-187">[184]</a></li> <li>The Art of Magic (1998) (TV)</li> <li>The Ultimate Psychic Challenge (<a href="/wiki/Discovery_Channel" title="Discovery Channel">Discovery Channel</a>/Channel 4) (2003)</li> <li>Spotlight on James Randi (2002) (TV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Super_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Super Psychics">Secrets of the Super Psychics</a> (Channel 4/<a href="/wiki/TLC_(TV_network)" title="TLC (TV network)">The Learning Channel</a>), produced by <a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a>, 1997/8</li> <li>Scams, Schemes, and Scoundrels (A&E Special) (March 30, 1997)</li> <li>RAI TV Italy (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politically_Incorrect" title="Politically Incorrect">Politically Incorrect</a> with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Maher" title="Bill Maher">Bill Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!" title="Penn & Teller: Bullshit!">Penn & Teller: Bullshit!</a> several appearances <ul><li>"End of the World" (2003) TV Episode</li> <li>"ESP" (2003) TV Episode</li> <li>"Signs from Heaven" (2005) TV Episode</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> 2 episodes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Leung%27s_Unbelievable" title="Lawrence Leung's Unbelievable">Lawrence Leung's Unbelievable</a> (Australia) TV Episode</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_(American_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nova (American TV series)">Nova</a>: "<a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Psychics">Secrets of the Psychics</a>" (1993)</li> <li>Mitä ihmettä? (Finland) (2003) TV Series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midday_(Australian_TV_program)" title="Midday (Australian TV program)">Midday</a> (Australia) (1990s)</li> <li>Magic or Miracle? (1983) TV special</li> <li>Magic (2004) (mini) TV Series</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_King_Live" title="Larry King Live">Larry King Live</a> (<a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>) (June 5, 2001, September 3, 2001, January 26, 2007, several more)</li> <li>James Randi: Psychic Investigator (1991) (<a href="/wiki/Open_Media" title="Open Media">Open Media</a> series for the <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> network)</li> <li>James Randi Budapesten – Hungarian documentary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inside_Edition" title="Inside Edition">Inside Edition</a> – (1991, 2006, and 2007) TV</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizon_(BBC_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horizon (BBC TV series)">Horizon</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2002/homeopathy.shtml">"Homeopathy: The Test"</a> (2002) BBC/UK TV Episode</li> <li>Dead Men Talking (<a href="/wiki/The_Biography_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="The Biography Channel">The Biography Channel</a>) (2007)</li> <li>Fornemmelse for snyd (2003) TV Series (also archive footage) Denmark</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_People_(2003_TV_series)" title="Extraordinary People (2003 TV series)">Extraordinary People</a> – "The Million Dollar Mind Reader" (September 2008).<a href="#cite_note-axoJO-188">[185]</a></li> <li>Exploring Psychic Powers ... Live (June 7, 1989; hosted by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Bixby" title="Bill Bixby">Bill Bixby</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_This_Morning" title="CBS This Morning">CBS This Morning</a> (1990s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Cooper_360%C2%B0" title="Anderson Cooper 360°">Anderson Cooper 360°</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> (January 19, 2007, and January 30, 2007)<a href="#cite_note-tpIcC-189">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-zctfe-190">[187]</a></li> <li>A Question of Miracles (<a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a>) (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/20/20_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="20/20 (U.S. TV series)">20/20</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>) (May 11, 2007)<a href="#cite_note-1P6E4-191">[188]</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Captain_Disillusion" title="Captain Disillusion">Captain Disillusion</a>" Randi + Pantry Ghost...debunk? (June 18, 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Honest_Liar" title="An Honest Liar">An Honest Liar</a> (2014, aired as Exposed: Magicians, Psychics and Frauds on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Storyville" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Storyville">BBC Storyville</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearances_in_other_media">Appearances in other media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Appearances in other media">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Randi was featured as the cover story for the November 1981 issue of <a href="/wiki/Dynamite_(magazine)" title="Dynamite (magazine)">Dynamite magazine</a>.</li> <li>In 2007, Randi delivered a <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a> talk in which he discussed psychic fraud, homeopathy, and his foundation's Million Dollar Challenge.<a href="#cite_note-takedown-19">[19]</a></li> <li>Randi is featured in <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Finke" title="Tommy Finke">Tommy Finke</a>'s song "Poet der Affen/Poet of the Apes," released on the album of the same name in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-IWOdl-192">[189]</a></li> <li>In 2022, Randi made a cameo appearance in the posthumously released online magic special <a href="/wiki/Piff_the_Magic_Dragon" title="Piff the Magic Dragon">Piff the Magic Dragon</a>: Reptile Dysfunction.<a href="#cite_note-IDOdl-193">[190]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience" title="List of topics characterized as pseudoscience">List of topics characterized as pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigasus_Award" title="Pigasus Award">Pigasus Award</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> A two-minute clip of this documentary with the Geller segment has been widely circulated on the Internet since Randi acquired permission to use it from NBC, and Carson paid for the expensive and complex transfer from the original, physically degraded, two-inch videotape recording.<a href="#cite_note-QGmHu-43">[43]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> James Randi discussed obtaining the clip of Uri Geller on The Tonight Show. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Regarding his separation from religious training, Randi said that his statements in Sunday school such as "That sounded very unlikely," regarding contradictory and dubious biblical claims, were met with unsatisfactory answers, such as "It's in the Bible. It's in the holy book of God." He was given a note for his parents stating "Your boy Randi ... is not welcome at St. Cuthberts as he asks too many questions and he interrupts the teachers."<a href="#cite_note-CSICon-22">[22]</a>: 24:40  </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rodrigues-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Rodrigues_1-0">^</a> <a href="#Rodrigues">Rodrigues 2010</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OsGuZjYzXdAC&pg=PA271">p. 271</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831220138/https://books.google.com/books?id=OsGuZjYzXdAC&pg=PA271">Archived</a> August 31, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Randiwoo-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Randiwoo_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Randiwoo_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Randiwoo_2-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2007" class="citation journal cs1">Randi, James (February 9, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090710012001/http://www.randi.org/jr/2007-02/020209morebrowne.html#i7">"More Geller Woo-Woo"</a>. Swift (Newsletter). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/jr/2007-02/020209morebrowne.html#i7">the original</a> on July 10, 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=More+Geller+Woo-Woo&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fjr%2F2007-02%2F020209morebrowne.html%23i7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-westdefense-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-westdefense_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-westdefense_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2018" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mick_West" title="Mick West">West, Mick</a> (June 13, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618205936/https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/in_defense_of_debunkers">"In Defense of Debunkers"</a>. CSI. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/in_defense_of_debunkers">the original</a> on June 18, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSI&rft.atitle=In+Defense+of+Debunkers&rft.date=2018-06-13&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Mick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fspecialarticles%2Fshow%2Fin_defense_of_debunkers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8cKrT-4"><a href="#cite_ref-8cKrT_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://affect.media.mit.edu/milliondollarchallenge">"One-Million-Dollar Challenge"</a>. MIT Media Lab: Affective Computing Group. <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110727062223/http://affect.media.mit.edu/milliondollarchallenge">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Media+Lab%3A+Affective+Computing+Group&rft.atitle=One-Million-Dollar+Challenge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faffect.media.mit.edu%2Fmilliondollarchallenge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1REBK-5"><a href="#cite_ref-1REBK_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.randi.org/home/jref-status">"JREF Status"</a>. JREF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830152145/http://web.randi.org/home/jref-status">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JREF+Status&rft.pub=JREF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.randi.org%2Fhome%2Fjref-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HWWilson-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HWWilson_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HWWilson_6-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMoritz1987">Moritz 1987</a>, p. 455 </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/humanist-voices/an-interview-with-james-randi-part-one-b74c1bd61967">"An Interview with James Randi (Part One)"</a>. April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407182901/https://medium.com/humanist-voices/an-interview-with-james-randi-part-one-b74c1bd61967">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Interview+with+James+Randi+%28Part+One%29&rft.date=2018-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2Fhumanist-voices%2Fan-interview-with-james-randi-part-one-b74c1bd61967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-YaeId-8"><a href="#cite_ref-YaeId_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2008" class="citation web cs1">Randi, James (May 9, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160921213014/http://archive.randi.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/192-swift-may#i3">"How Wrong Can You Get?"</a>. Swift (Blog). JREF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.randi.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/192-swift-may#i3">the original</a> on September 21, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=How+Wrong+Can+You+Get%3F&rft.date=2008-05-09&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.randi.org%2Fsite%2Findex.php%2Fswift-blog%2F192-swift-may%23i3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-V9uXz-9"><a href="#cite_ref-V9uXz_9-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJMTyK0VfdY">James Randi at the Magic Castle: In Conversation with Max Maven</a> on YouTube </li> <li id="cite_note-TorontoStar1986-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TorontoStar1986_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TorontoStar1986_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TorontoStar1986_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TorontoStar1986_10-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrwen1986" class="citation news cs1">Orwen, Patricia (August 23, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zammoth-jamesrandi.blogspot.com/">"The Amazing Randi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a href="/wiki/Torstar" title="Torstar">Torstar</a> Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106183159/http://zammoth-jamesrandi.blogspot.com/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=The+Amazing+Randi&rft.date=1986-08-23&rft.aulast=Orwen&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzammoth-jamesrandi.blogspot.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RrmIc-11"><a href="#cite_ref-RrmIc_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalmgren1998" class="citation news cs1">Malmgren, Jeanne (April 14, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/04/14/the-quack-hunter/">"The 'quack' hunter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a>. Times researcher Barbara Oliver contributed to this report. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110301011756/http://www.sptimes.com/Floridian/41498/The__quack__hunter.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=The+%27quack%27+hunter&rft.date=1998-04-14&rft.aulast=Malmgren&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1998%2F04%2F14%2Fthe-quack-hunter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colombo-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Colombo_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFColombo2004">Colombo 2004</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXP_OpQna4gC&pg=PA182">182</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-nwfwV-13"><a href="#cite_ref-nwfwV_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimbong2020" class="citation web cs1">Limbong, Andrew (October 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/10/22/926717787/amazing-escape-artist-magician-and-skeptic-james-randi-dead-at-92">"'Amazing' Escape Artist, Magician, And Skeptic James Randi Dead At 92"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023115839/https://www.npr.org/2020/10/22/926717787/amazing-escape-artist-magician-and-skeptic-james-randi-dead-at-92">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=%27Amazing%27+Escape+Artist%2C+Magician%2C+And+Skeptic+James+Randi+Dead+At+92&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft.aulast=Limbong&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F10%2F22%2F926717787%2Famazing-escape-artist-magician-and-skeptic-james-randi-dead-at-92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZlEwu-14"><a href="#cite_ref-ZlEwu_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRandi1982c">Randi 1982c</a>, pp. 230–231. Randi reprints two newspaper columns from the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Telegram" title="Toronto Telegram">Toronto Evening Telegram</a> of August 28, 1950, and August 14, 1950, by Wessely Hicks about Randall Zwinge's psychic predictions. The earlier column states, "Mr. Zwinge said he first became aware that he possessed Extra Sensory Perception when he was nine years old." </li> <li id="cite_note-A1Uli-15"><a href="#cite_ref-A1Uli_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRandi1982a">Randi 1982a</a>, pp. 61–62 </li> <li id="cite_note-bXdwL-16"><a href="#cite_ref-bXdwL_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Randi, James (May 19, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091007175115/http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-05/051906sylvia.html#i13">"Filipino Justice"</a>. Swift (Newsletter). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-05/051906sylvia.html#i13">the original</a> on October 7, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=Filipino+Justice&rft.date=2006-05-19&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fjr%2F2006-05%2F051906sylvia.html%23i13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Time01-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Time01_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaroff2001" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Jaroff" title="Leon Jaroff">Jaroff, Leon</a> (June 24, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,149448,00.html">"Fighting Against Flimflam"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930142033/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,149448,00.html?iid=chix-sphere">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Fighting+Against+Flimflam&rft.date=2001-06-24&rft.aulast=Jaroff&rft.aufirst=Leon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C149448%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taft-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taft_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taft_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaft1981" class="citation news cs1">Taft, Philip B. Jr. (July 5, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/05/nyregion/a-charlatan-in-pursuit-of-truth.html">"A Charlatan in Pursuit of Truth"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170930035857/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/05/nyregion/a-charlatan-in-pursuit-of-truth.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Charlatan+in+Pursuit+of+Truth&rft.date=1981-07-05&rft.aulast=Taft&rft.aufirst=Philip+B.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F07%2F05%2Fnyregion%2Fa-charlatan-in-pursuit-of-truth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-takedown-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-takedown_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-takedown_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ted.com/talks/james_randi.html">"James Randi: Homeopathy, quackery and fraud"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TED_(conference)" title="TED (conference)">TED</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Sapling_Foundation" title="Sapling Foundation">Sapling Foundation</a>. February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719111508/http://www.ted.com/talks/james_randi.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TED&rft.atitle=James+Randi%3A+Homeopathy%2C+quackery+and+fraud&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Ftalks%2Fjames_randi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> Randi explained in a February 2007 presentation that he believed the word "magician" implies one who has magical abilities, whereas a conjurer is one who uses skills to merely play the part of one. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sinclair-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Sinclair_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinclair1956" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Sinclair" title="Gordon Sinclair">Sinclair, Gordon</a> (February 7, 1956). "Television & radio column". <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Daily Star</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Television+%26+radio+column&rft.date=1956-02-07&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryant-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Bryant_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryant1956" class="citation news cs1">Bryant, George (June 21, 1956). "Handcuffs no problem Toronto-born magician laughs at locksmiths". Toronto Daily Star.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Handcuffs+no+problem+Toronto-born+magician+laughs+at+locksmiths&rft.date=1956-06-21&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSICon-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSICon_22-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZQNuw2jjzg&t=1s">"A Conversation with James Randi"</a>. YouTube. Center For Inquiry. August 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/DZQNuw2jjzg">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=A+Conversation+with+James+Randi&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDZQNuw2jjzg%26t%3D1s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://library.syracuse.edu/digital/guides/n/nebel_lj.htm">"Long John Nebel Papers: An inventory of his papers at Syracuse University"</a>. Syracuse University Libraries. Retrieved November 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syracuse+University+Libraries&rft.atitle=Long+John+Nebel+Papers%3A+An+inventory+of+his+papers+at+Syracuse+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.syracuse.edu%2Fdigital%2Fguides%2Fn%2Fnebel_lj.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/08/05/archives/film-on-vietnam-ready-for-abc-show-sept-10-will-be-first-of-four.html">"FILM ON VIETNAM READY FOR A.B.C.; Show Sept. 10 Will Be First Of Four Documentaries"</a>. The New York Times. August 5, 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved November 5, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=FILM+ON+VIETNAM+READY+FOR+A.B.C.%3B+Show+Sept.+10+Will+Be+First+Of+Four+Documentaries&rft.date=1964-08-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F08%2F05%2Farchives%2Ffilm-on-vietnam-ready-for-abc-show-sept-10-will-be-first-of-four.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoseley2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_W._Moseley" title="James W. Moseley">Moseley, James W.</a> (November 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYKKiU9cvZEC&dq=james+randi+WOR+radio+partyline&pg=PA189">Shockingly Close to the Truth!: Confessions of a Grave-Robbing Ufologist</a>. Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-541-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61592-541-4"><bdi>978-1-61592-541-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shockingly+Close+to+the+Truth%21%3A+Confessions+of+a+Grave-Robbing+Ufologist&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft.isbn=978-1-61592-541-4&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKYKKiU9cvZEC%26dq%3Djames%2Brandi%2BWOR%2Bradio%2Bpartyline%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Butler_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButlerIngram" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Kevin S.; Ingram, Billy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvparty.com/lostwonder1.html">"Wonderama!"</a>. TVparty!. Greensboro, NC: William Ingram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061230223655/http://www.tvparty.com/lostwonder1.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2006. Retrieved April 5, 2007. <q>Sonny Fox hosted another 'Wonderama Thanksgiving Day Party' on Thursday afternoon, November 23, 1961 with guests ventriloquist and cartoon voice-over performer Paul Winchell, magician/escape artist and magic historian The Amazing James Randi and folk singer Pat Woodell.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVparty%21&rft.atitle=Wonderama%21&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Kevin+S.&rft.au=Ingram%2C+Billy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvparty.com%2Flostwonder1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler_2-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Butler_2_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler" class="citation web cs1">Butler, Kevin S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvparty.com/lostny2bonamo.html">"Bonamo, The Magic Clown"</a>. TVparty!. Greensboro, NC: William Ingram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080510233350/http://www.tvparty.com/lostny2bonamo.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TVparty%21&rft.atitle=Bonamo%2C+The+Magic+Clown&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Kevin+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvparty.com%2Flostny2bonamo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99JxU-28"><a href="#cite_ref-99JxU_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2003" class="citation journal cs1">Barber, Peter W. (December 2003). 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The Washington Post. p. First Section; A1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Magicians+Score+a+Hit+On+Scientific+Researchers&rft.pages=First+Section%3B+A1&rft.date=1983-03-01&rft.aulast=Hilts&rft.aufirst=Philip+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lookatpast-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lookatpast_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lookatpast_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2006" class="citation web cs1">Randi, James (September 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709213130/http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-09/092206bad.html#i11">"A Look at the Past"</a>. Swift (Newsletter). JREF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/jr/2006-09/092206bad.html#i11">the original</a> on July 9, 2009. Retrieved September 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=A+Look+at+the+Past&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fjr%2F2006-09%2F092206bad.html%23i11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cmycr-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Cmycr_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">James Randi exposes James Hydrick – via YouTube</cite> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faith_Healers-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Faith_Healers_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRandi1987">Randi 1987</a>, pp. 139–181 </li> <li id="cite_note-Heavenly_Messages-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Heavenly_Messages_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDart1986" class="citation news cs1">Dart, John (May 11, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-11-me-5518-story.html">"Skeptics' Revelations: Faith Healer Receives 'Heavenly' Messages Via Electronic Receiver, Debunkers Charge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015155733/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-11/local/me-5518_1_faith-healer">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Skeptics%27+Revelations%3A+Faith+Healer+Receives+%27Heavenly%27+Messages+Via+Electronic+Receiver%2C+Debunkers+Charge&rft.date=1986-05-11&rft.aulast=Dart&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-05-11-me-5518-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Randi_Debunks_Popoff-60"><a href="#cite_ref-Randi_Debunks_Popoff_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">James Randi Debunks Peter Popoff Faith Healer – via YouTube</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Randi+Debunks+Peter+Popoff+Faith+Healer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bankruptcy-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Bankruptcy_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDart1987" class="citation news cs1">Dart, John (September 26, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-09-26-me-2461-story.htm">"Evangelist Popoff Off Air, Files Bankruptcy Petitions"</a>. 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Crease">Crease, Robert P.</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bIxgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT316">The Workshop and the World: What Ten Thinkers Can Teach Us About Science and Authority</a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393292442" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393292442"><bdi>978-0393292442</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230831220139/https://books.google.com/books?id=bIxgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT316">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2020. <q>The magician James Randi once exposed a popular televangelist by playing recordings of secret transmissions between an audience plant and the televangelist. The televangelist declared bankruptcy the next year.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Workshop+and+the+World%3A+What+Ten+Thinkers+Can+Teach+Us+About+Science+and+Authority&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0393292442&rft.aulast=Crease&rft.aufirst=Robert+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbIxgDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZo0DLKriDY">"Secret Footage of 'Faith Healer' Peter Popoff in Toronto May 2011"</a>. Think Again! TV. Centre for Inquiry Canada. 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Retrieved April 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Skeptic&rft.atitle=The+Carlos+Hoax&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53994493&rft.issn=0726-9897&rft.aulast=Mendham&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skeptics.com.au%2Fwordpress%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Ftheskeptic%2F2ndcoming%2Fskepticism.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-xsxlM-65"><a href="#cite_ref-xsxlM_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepdic.com/carlos.html">"'Carlos' hoax"</a>. The Skeptic's Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Carroll" title="Robert Todd Carroll">Robert Todd Carroll</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605100136/http://skepdic.com/carlos.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Skeptic%27s+Dictionary&rft.atitle=%27Carlos%27+hoax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepdic.com%2Fcarlos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NEQPg-66"><a href="#cite_ref-NEQPg_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1998" class="citation interview cs1">Randi, James (May 7, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/science/correx/archives/randi4.htm">"James Randi and the Great Carlos"</a>. The Correx Archives (Interview). Interviewed by Paul Willis. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090715171756/http://www.abc.net.au/science/correx/archives/randi4.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 15, 2009. Retrieved June 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Correx+Archives&rft.atitle=James+Randi+and+the+Great+Carlos&rft.date=1998-05-07&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fscience%2Fcorrex%2Farchives%2Frandi4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JohnofGod-67"><a href="#cite_ref-JohnofGod_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2005" class="citation journal cs1">Randi, James (February 18, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090710000748/http://www.randi.org/jr/021805a.html">"The ABC-TV Infomercial for John of God"</a>. Swift (Newsletter). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/jr/021805a.html">the original</a> on July 10, 2009. Retrieved November 18, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=The+ABC-TV+Infomercial+for+John+of+God&rft.date=2005-02-18&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fjr%2F021805a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VH6f8-68"><a href="#cite_ref-VH6f8_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1995" class="citation web cs1">Randi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/psychic%20surgery.html">"psychic surgery"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024040559/http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/psychic%20surgery.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2012. Retrieved November 26, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=psychic+surgery&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Randi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Fpsychic%2520surgery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Randi_2002-69"><a href="#cite_ref-Randi_2002_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2002" class="citation journal cs1">Randi, James (November 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20100620232826/http://www.randi.org/jr/110102.html">"Reading Records"</a>. Swift (Newsletter). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/jr/110102.html">the original</a> on June 20, 2010. Retrieved July 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=Reading+Records&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fjr%2F110102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gLcUx-70"><a href="#cite_ref-gLcUx_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaddoxRandiStewart1988" class="citation journal cs1">Maddox, John; Randi, James; Stewart, Walter W. (July 28, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/334287a0">"'High-dilution' experiments a delusion"</a>. Nature. 334 (6180): 287–290. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988Natur.334..287M">1988Natur.334..287M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F334287a0">10.1038/334287a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2455869">2455869</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:9579433">9579433</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801082332/https://www.nature.com/articles/334287a0">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=%27High-dilution%27+experiments+a+delusion&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6180&rft.pages=287-290&rft.date=1988-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A9579433%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988Natur.334..287M&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F334287a0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2455869&rft.aulast=Maddox&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Randi%2C+James&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Walter+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F334287a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MGgXc-71"><a href="#cite_ref-MGgXc_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1995" class="citation web cs1">Randi (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/Home,%20Daniel%20Dunglas.html">"Home, Daniel Dunglas"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080531151913/http://www.randi.org/encyclopedia/Home,%20Daniel%20Dunglas.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Home%2C+Daniel+Dunglas&rft.date=1995&rft.au=Randi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fencyclopedia%2FHome%2C%2520Daniel%2520Dunglas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lamont302-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Lamont302_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLamont2005">Lamont 2005</a>, p. 302 </li> <li id="cite_note-ADVCX-73"><a href="#cite_ref-ADVCX_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1898" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chung_Ling_Soo" title="Chung Ling Soo">Robinson, William</a> (1898). "Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena". <a href="/wiki/Scientific_American" title="Scientific American">Scientific American</a>. New York City: Munn & Company. pp. 105–106.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=Slate+Writing+and+Kindred+Phenomena&rft.pages=105-106&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7HSBC-74"><a href="#cite_ref-7HSBC_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1898" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chung_Ling_Soo" title="Chung Ling Soo">Robinson, William</a> (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/spiritslatewriti00sooc#page/105/mode/2up">Spirit Slate Writing and Kindred Phenomena</a>. Munn & Company. pp. 105–106. <q>Dr. Henry Slade was, of course, identified and recognized as the principal slate-writing medium, but at various times he presented other phenomena, one of which was the playing of an accordion while held in one hand under the table. The accordion was taken by him from the table with his right hand, at the end containing the strap, the keys or notes at the other end being away from him. He thus held the accordion beneath the table, and his left hand was laid on top of the table, where it was always in plain view. Nevertheless, the accordion was heard to give forth melodious tunes, and at the conclusion was brought up on top of the table as held originally; the whole dodge consisting in turning the accordion end for end as it went under the table. The strap end being now downward, and held between the legs, the medium's hand grasped the keyboard end, and worked the bellows and keys, holding the accordion firmly with the legs and working the hand, not with an arm movement, but mostly by a simple wrist movement. Of course, at the conclusion, the hand grasped the accordion at the strap end, and brought it up in this condition. Sometimes an accordion is tied with strings and sealed so the bellows cannot be worked. This is for the dark séance. Even in this condition the accordion is played by inserting a tube in the air-hole or valve and by the medium's using his lungs as bellows.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spirit+Slate+Writing+and+Kindred+Phenomena&rft.pages=105-106&rft.pub=Munn+%26+Company&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fspiritslatewriti00sooc%23page%2F105%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Terzian-Bilson-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Terzian-Bilson_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRandi1997">Randi 1997</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_mo4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA170">170</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-OzNtJ-76"><a href="#cite_ref-OzNtJ_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRipin1995" class="citation journal cs1">Ripin, Barrett H., ed. 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Retrieved October 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=APS+News&rft.atitle=Trio+Takes+Aim+Against+Spread+of+Pseudo-Science&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1995-06&rft.issn=1058-8132&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aps.org%2Fpublications%2Fapsnews%2F199506%2Fpseudo-science.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Penn-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Penn_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Penn_77-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99_upx8URLI">""38 Years of Magic and B.S.: A Conversation with Penn & Teller" – TAM 2012"</a>. YouTube. James Randi Foundation. May 10, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906194746/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=99_upx8URLI">Archived</a> from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=%2238+Years+of+Magic+and+B.S.%3A+A+Conversation+with+Penn+%26+Teller%22+%E2%80%93+TAM+2012&rft.date=2013-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D99_upx8URLI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-p5aJV-78"><a href="#cite_ref-p5aJV_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDobler2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dobler, Russ (2017). "NECSS 2017: Skepticism Making Connections in Midtown Manhattan". Skeptical Inquirer. 41 (6): 8–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=NECSS+2017%3A+Skepticism+Making+Connections+in+Midtown+Manhattan&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=8-9&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Dobler&rft.aufirst=Russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AiEqM-79"><a href="#cite_ref-AiEqM_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerbic2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Gerbic" title="Susan Gerbic">Gerbic, Susan</a> (December 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/csicon_photo_tribute_to_james_randi">"CSICon Photo Tribute to James Randi"</a>. www.csicop.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205195251/https://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/csicon_photo_tribute_to_james_randi">Archived</a> from the original on December 5, 2017. Retrieved March 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.csicop.org&rft.atitle=CSICon+Photo+Tribute+to+James+Randi&rft.date=2017-12-05&rft.aulast=Gerbic&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fspecialarticles%2Fshow%2Fcsicon_photo_tribute_to_james_randi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dumbledore-80"><a href="#cite_ref-Dumbledore_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2019" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Hall" title="Harriet Hall">Hall, Harriet</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skepdoc.info/better-than-dumbledore/">"Better Than Dumbledore"</a>. Skeptical Inquirer. 43 (1). Committee for Skeptical Inquirer: 54–55. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415100654/https://www.skepdoc.info/better-than-dumbledore/">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2021 – via ScepDoc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Better+Than+Dumbledore&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-55&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepdoc.info%2Fbetter-than-dumbledore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6jiX6-81"><a href="#cite_ref-6jiX6_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi,_James2003" class="citation podcast cs1">Randi, James (July 31, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030907063148/http://clear-light.msspro.com/files/Randi_2003-Jul-31.wav">"Randi_2003-Jul-31.wav"</a>. JREF Internet Broadcast Archive (Podcast). Event occurs at 0:33:19. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clear-light.msspro.com/files/Randi_2003-Jul-31.wav">the original</a> (<a href="/wiki/WAV" title="WAV">WAV</a>) on September 7, 2003. Retrieved November 28, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Randi_2003-Jul-31.wav&rft.date=2003-07-31&rft.au=Randi%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclear-light.msspro.com%2Ffiles%2FRandi_2003-Jul-31.wav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer2020" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Craig P. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1156319304">Discrete encounters</a>. [Place of publication not identified]. p. 322. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429400506" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429400506"><bdi>978-0429400506</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1156319304">1156319304</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discrete+encounters&rft.place=%5BPlace+of+publication+not+identified%5D&rft.pages=322&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1156319304&rft.isbn=978-0429400506&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Craig+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1156319304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bau2020-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bau2020_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bau2020_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer2020" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Craig (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WUjpDwAAQBAJ&dq=Barbara+Martin+aura+James+Randi&pg=PA322">Discrete Encounters</a>. CRC Press. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429682896" title="Special:BookSources/978-0429682896"><bdi>978-0429682896</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230429183326/https://books.google.com/books?id=WUjpDwAAQBAJ&dq=Barbara+Martin+aura+James+Randi&pg=PA322">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discrete+Encounters&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0429682896&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWUjpDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBarbara%2BMartin%2Baura%2BJames%2BRandi%26pg%3DPA322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-eQBdU-84"><a href="#cite_ref-eQBdU_84-0">^</a> <a href="#Polidoro">Polidoro 2003</a>, pp. 19–24 </li> <li id="cite_note-si-fakers-85"><a href="#cite_ref-si-fakers_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2005" class="citation journal cs1">Randi, James (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061027131225/http://www.csicop.org/si/2005-07/randi.html">"Fakers and Innocents"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>. 29 (4). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0194-6730">0194-6730</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/si/2005-07/randi.html">the original</a> on October 27, 2006. Retrieved October 29, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Fakers+and+Innocents&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2005-07&rft.issn=0194-6730&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fsi%2F2005-07%2Frandi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-frustrated-86"><a href="#cite_ref-frustrated_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Dunning2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning_(author)" title="Brian Dunning (author)">Brian Dunning</a> (March 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/blog/2016/03/19/are-you-frustrated-that-tam-the-jref-are-no-more-and-the-skeptical-community-has-disintegrated/">"Are you frustrated that TAM & the JREF are no more, and the skeptical community has disintegrated?"</a>. Skeptoid blog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200430032209/https://skeptoid.com/blog/2016/03/19/are-you-frustrated-that-tam-the-jref-are-no-more-and-the-skeptical-community-has-disintegrated/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved October 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Skeptoid+blog&rft.atitle=Are+you+frustrated+that+TAM+%26+the+JREF+are+no+more%2C+and+the+skeptical+community+has+disintegrated%3F&rft.date=2016-03-19&rft.au=Brian+Dunning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fskeptoid.com%2Fblog%2F2016%2F03%2F19%2Fare-you-frustrated-that-tam-the-jref-are-no-more-and-the-skeptical-community-has-disintegrated%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HallDyer-87"><a href="#cite_ref-HallDyer_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSusan_Gerbic2016" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Gerbic" title="Susan Gerbic">Susan Gerbic</a> (September 22, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/from_tam_to_csicon_an_interview_with_ray_hall_and_katie_dyer">"From TAM to CSICon: An Interview with Ray Hall and Katie Dyer"</a>. CSI website. CSI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025120620/http://www.csicop.org/specialarticles/show/from_tam_to_csicon_an_interview_with_ray_hall_and_katie_dyer">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2016. Retrieved October 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSI+website&rft.atitle=From+TAM+to+CSICon%3A+An+Interview+with+Ray+Hall+and+Katie+Dyer&rft.date=2016-09-22&rft.au=Susan+Gerbic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fspecialarticles%2Fshow%2Ffrom_tam_to_csicon_an_interview_with_ray_hall_and_katie_dyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OcrCr-88"><a href="#cite_ref-OcrCr_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChip_Denman,_Rick_Adams" class="citation web cs1">Chip Denman, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Adams_(Internet_pioneer)" title="Rick Adams (Internet pioneer)">Rick Adams</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.randi.org/home/jref-status">"JREF Status"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830152145/http://web.randi.org/home/jref-status">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2017. Retrieved September 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=JREF+Status&rft.au=Chip+Denman%2C+Rick+Adams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.randi.org%2Fhome%2Fjref-status&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wZWUl-89"><a href="#cite_ref-wZWUl_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazingmeeting.com/TAM2012/about/">"The Amaz!ng Meeting 2012: About"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130305073423/http://www.amazingmeeting.com/TAM2012/about/">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2013. 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Retrieved October 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Organized+Skepticism%3A+Four+Decades+...+and+Today&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2015-03&rft.aulast=Frazier&rft.aufirst=Kendrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csicop.org%2Fsi%2Fshow%2Forganized_skepticism_four_decades_..._and_today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-skepticality10-91"><a href="#cite_ref-skepticality10_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobynn_"Swoopy"_McCarthyDerek_Colanduno2005" class="citation podcast cs1">Robynn "Swoopy" McCarthy; Derek Colanduno (June 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticality.com/the-james-randi-educational-foundation/">"#10 The James Randi Educational Foundation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skepticality" title="Skepticality">Skepticality</a> (Podcast). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/movies/2014/05/01/worth_a_look_an_honest_liar.html">the original</a> on September 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Worth+a+look%3A+An+Honest+Liar&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft.aulast=Teplitsky&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2F2014%2F05%2F01%2Fworth_a_look_an_honest_liar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRooney2014" class="citation web cs1">Rooney, David (June 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140906092258/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/an-honest-liar-provincetown-review-715950">"'An Honest Liar': Provincetown Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/an-honest-liar-provincetown-review-715950/">the original</a> on September 6, 2014. 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Retrieved September 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=An+Honest+Liar+%282014%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fan_honest_liar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrioux2016" class="citation web cs1">Brioux, Bill (March 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2016/03/28/torontos-james-the-amazing-randi-profiled-in-an-honest-liar.html">"Toronto's James (The Amazing) Randi profiled in An Honest Liar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929233146/https://www.thestar.com/entertainment/television/2016/03/28/torontos-james-the-amazing-randi-profiled-in-an-honest-liar.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Toronto%27s+James+%28The+Amazing%29+Randi+profiled+in+An+Honest+Liar&rft.date=2016-03-28&rft.aulast=Brioux&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftelevision%2F2016%2F03%2F28%2Ftorontos-james-the-amazing-randi-profiled-in-an-honest-liar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Th1VjbjWpAU">"An Evening With James Randi, Think Inc"</a>. Think Inc. 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Retrieved July 23, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=Randi+On+%28and+Off%29+Chemotherapy&rft.date=2010-01-12&rft.aulast=Thorp&rft.aufirst=Brandon+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fsite%2Findex.php%2Fswift-blog%2F832-randi-on-and-off-chemotherapy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SF-Weekly-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SF-Weekly_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SF-Weekly_154-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooney2009" class="citation news cs1">Mooney, Michael J. (August 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-demystifying-adventures-of-the-amazing-randi/">"The Demystifying Adventures of the Amazing Randi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/SF_Weekly" title="SF Weekly">SF Weekly</a>. San Francisco, CA: <a href="/wiki/Village_Voice_Media" title="Village Voice Media">Village Voice Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916192732/https://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-demystifying-adventures-of-the-amazing-randi/">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2021. Retrieved June 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SF+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Demystifying+Adventures+of+the+Amazing+Randi&rft.date=2009-08-26&rft.aulast=Mooney&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfweekly.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-demystifying-adventures-of-the-amazing-randi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> Lengthy article which reported: "He has intestinal cancer and may not have long to live." </li> <li id="cite_note-K9TAr-155"><a href="#cite_ref-K9TAr_155-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WyzM_TsIXc">James Randi Speaks Homeopathy Week 2010</a> on YouTube </li> <li id="cite_note-az5xi-156"><a href="#cite_ref-az5xi_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2010" class="citation web cs1">Randi, James (March 21, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/914-how-to-say-it.html">"How to Say It?"</a>. Swift (Blog). JREF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140730192159/http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/914-how-to-say-it.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Swift&rft.atitle=How+to+Say+It%3F&rft.date=2010-03-21&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.randi.org%2Fsite%2Findex.php%2Fswift-blog%2F914-how-to-say-it.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FQ83a-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FQ83a_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrothe,_D._J.2010" class="citation podcast cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._J._Grothe" title="D. J. Grothe">Grothe, D. J.</a> (March 21, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWDYITbLyTg">"James Randi – A Skeptic Comes Out at 81"</a>. For Good Reason (Podcast). JREF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140628121337/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWDYITbLyTg">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=James+Randi+%E2%80%93+A+Skeptic+Comes+Out+at+81&rft.pub=JREF&rft.date=2010-03-21&rft.au=Grothe%2C+D.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DsWDYITbLyTg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9wS9S-158"><a href="#cite_ref-9wS9S_158-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyne2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Coyne" title="Jerry Coyne">Coyne, Jerry A.</a> (July 12, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2013/07/12/randi-got-married/">"Randi got married"</a>. Why Evolution is True (Blog). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131017022931/http://whyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com/2013/07/12/randi-got-married">Archived</a> from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Why+Evolution+is+True&rft.atitle=Randi+got+married&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft.aulast=Coyne&rft.aufirst=Jerry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhyevolutionistrue.wordpress.com%2F2013%2F07%2F12%2Frandi-got-married%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mrpxq-159"><a href="#cite_ref-mrpxq_159-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103143722/http://www.skepticalabyss.com/?tag=tam-randi-amazing-meeti-g">"Live Blogging Tam Day Two (Friday)"</a>. The Skeptical Abyss (Blog). July 12, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skepticalabyss.com/?tag=tam-randi-amazing-meeti-g">the original</a> on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Skeptical+Abyss&rft.atitle=Live+Blogging+Tam+Day+Two+%28Friday%29&rft.date=2013-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skepticalabyss.com%2F%3Ftag%3Dtam-randi-amazing-meeti-g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vNju7-160"><a href="#cite_ref-vNju7_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bw9A1pR0EQa8bVJ4NHZUX19tdzQ/edit?pli=1&usp=embed_facebook">"Testimonial letters to Judge Hurley"</a>. Google Docs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170647/https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bw9A1pR0EQa8bVJ4NHZUX19tdzQ/edit?pli=1&usp=embed_facebook">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Docs&rft.atitle=Testimonial+letters+to+Judge+Hurley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F0Bw9A1pR0EQa8bVJ4NHZUX19tdzQ%2Fedit%3Fpli%3D1%26usp%3Dembed_facebook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2enao-161"><a href="#cite_ref-2enao_161-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sturgess,_Kylie" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturgess, Kylie">Sturgess, Kylie</a> (March/April 2015). "Behind the Magic: An Interview with James Randi". Skeptical Inquirer Volume 39 Number 2, pp. 38–42. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE"Secrets_of_the_Psychics"10′45″-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE"Secrets_of_the_Psychics"10′45″_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREF"Secrets_of_the_Psychics"">"Secrets of the Psychics"</a>, 10′45″. </li> <li id="cite_note-IqT69-163"><a href="#cite_ref-IqT69_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi" class="citation web cs1">Randi, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/CSIConference/videos/1484609861615742">"Video message to CSICon attendees"</a>. Facebook. CSICon – Skeptical Inquirer Conference. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707215436/https://www.facebook.com/CSIConference/videos/1484609861615742/">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Facebook&rft.atitle=Video+message+to+CSICon+attendees&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FCSIConference%2Fvideos%2F1484609861615742&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LclJY-164"><a href="#cite_ref-LclJY_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2020" class="citation news cs1">Valentine, Paul W. (October 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/james-randi-magician-and-stage-artist-devoted-to-debunking-the-paranormal-dies-at-92/2020/10/21/b6e1da3e-13ee-11eb-bc10-40b25382f1be_story.html">"James Randi, magician and stage artist devoted to debunking the paranormal, dies at 92"</a>. Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022051659/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/james-randi-magician-and-stage-artist-devoted-to-debunking-the-paranormal-dies-at-92/2020/10/21/b6e1da3e-13ee-11eb-bc10-40b25382f1be_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=James+Randi%2C+magician+and+stage+artist+devoted+to+debunking+the+paranormal%2C+dies+at+92&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Paul+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fobituaries%2Fjames-randi-magician-and-stage-artist-devoted-to-debunking-the-paranormal-dies-at-92%2F2020%2F10%2F21%2Fb6e1da3e-13ee-11eb-bc10-40b25382f1be_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_Obit-165"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_Obit_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2020" class="citation web cs1">Fox, Margalit (October 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/obituaries/james-randi-dead.amp.html">"James Randi, Magician Who Debunked Paranormal Claims, Dies at 92"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022104413/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/obituaries/james-randi-dead.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved October 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=James+Randi%2C+Magician+Who+Debunked+Paranormal+Claims%2C+Dies+at+92&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F21%2Fobituaries%2Fjames-randi-dead.amp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JREFDeathNotice-166"><a href="#cite_ref-JREFDeathNotice_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.randi.org/home/james-randi-has-died">"James Randi has died"</a>. randi.org. <a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">JREF</a>. October 21, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20201021215442/https://web.randi.org/home/james-randi-has-died">Archived</a> from the original on October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020. <q>We are very sad to say that James Randi passed away yesterday, due to age-related causes. He had an Amazing life. We will miss him. Please respect Deyvi Peña's privacy during this difficult time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=randi.org&rft.atitle=James+Randi+has+died&rft.date=2020-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.randi.org%2Fhome%2Fjames-randi-has-died&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Remembering Randi 1928-2020". <a href="/wiki/Skeptical_Inquirer" title="Skeptical Inquirer">Skeptical Inquirer</a>. Amherst, New York: <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Inquiry" title="Center for Inquiry">Center for Inquiry</a>. January–February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Skeptical+Inquirer&rft.atitle=Remembering+Randi+1928-2020&rft.date=2021-01%2F2021-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aboutjr-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aboutjr_168-24">y</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.randi.org/about-james-randi.html">"About James Randi"</a>. James Randi Educational Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161128172118/http://web.randi.org/about-james-randi.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2016. Retrieved August 24, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=James+Randi+Educational+Foundation&rft.atitle=About+James+Randi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.randi.org%2Fabout-james-randi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KLxSN-169"><a href="#cite_ref-KLxSN_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3163">"(3163) Randi"</a>. IAU Minor Planet Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102811/http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=3163">Archived</a> from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IAU+Minor+Planet+Center&rft.atitle=%283163%29+Randi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminorplanetcenter.net%2Fdb_search%2Fshow_object%3Fobject_id%3D3163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-macfound-170"><a href="#cite_ref-macfound_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macfound.org/fellows/284/">"James Randi"</a>. MacArthur Foundation. 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Retrieved June 15, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Extraordinary+People&rft.date=2011-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channel5.com%2Fshows%2Fextraordinary-people%2Fepisodes%2Fextraordinary-people-the-million-dollar-mind-reader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tpIcC-189"><a href="#cite_ref-tpIcC_189-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi2007" class="citation interview cs1">Randi, James (January 19, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/19/acd.01.html">"Psychic Powers Debunked in Shawn Hornbeck Case?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Cooper_360%C2%B0" title="Anderson Cooper 360°">Anderson Cooper 360°</a> (Interview). Interviewed by <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Cooper" title="Anderson Cooper">Anderson Cooper</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514203713/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/19/acd.01.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anderson+Cooper+360%C2%B0&rft.atitle=Psychic+Powers+Debunked+in+Shawn+Hornbeck+Case%3F&rft.date=2007-01-19&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0701%2F19%2Facd.01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zctfe-190"><a href="#cite_ref-zctfe_190-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossiRandi2007" class="citation interview cs1">Rossi, Linda; Randi, James (January 30, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/30/acd.01.html">"Psychic Reality Check"</a>. Anderson Cooper 360° (Interview). Interviewed by Anderson Cooper. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514185756/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/30/acd.01.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anderson+Cooper+360%C2%B0&rft.atitle=Psychic+Reality+Check&rft.date=2007-01-30&rft.aulast=Rossi&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Randi%2C+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0701%2F30%2Facd.01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1P6E4-191"><a href="#cite_ref-1P6E4_191-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvilaRuppelHunter2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Avila" title="Jim Avila">Avila, Jim</a>; Ruppel, Glenn; Hunter, Donna (May 11, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=3164858&page=1">"Selling Salvation?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/20/20_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="20/20 (U.S. TV series)">20/20</a>. ABC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228163336/https://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=3164858&page=1">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved August 24, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=20%2F20&rft.atitle=Selling+Salvation%3F&rft.date=2007-05-11&rft.aulast=Avila&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Ruppel%2C+Glenn&rft.au=Hunter%2C+Donna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2F2020%2Fstory%3Fid%3D3164858%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IWOdl-192"><a href="#cite_ref-IWOdl_192-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbbM1eVDCUE">Poet der Affen / Poet of the Apes</a> on YouTube </li> <li id="cite_note-IDOdl-193"><a href="#cite_ref-IDOdl_193-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBBYBiAKQ3U">Piff the Magic Dragon: Reptile Dysfunction - Full Special</a> on YouTube </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcock2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Alcock" title="James Alcock">Alcock, James</a> (2001). "Science vs. Pseudoscience, Nonscience, and Nonsense". In <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kurtz" title="Paul Kurtz">Kurtz, Paul</a> (ed.). Skeptical Odysseys: Personal Accounts by the World's Leading Paranormal Inquirers. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573928847" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573928847"><bdi>978-1573928847</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45821233">45821233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science+vs.+Pseudoscience%2C+Nonscience%2C+and+Nonsense&rft.btitle=Skeptical+Odysseys%3A+Personal+Accounts+by+the+World%27s+Leading+Paranormal+Inquirers&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45821233&rft.isbn=978-1573928847&rft.aulast=Alcock&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsimov1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Asimov, Isaac</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iasimovmemoir00asim_0">"Trap Door Spiders"</a>. I. Asimov: A Memoir (1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0553569971" title="Special:BookSources/978-0553569971"><bdi>978-0553569971</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/93008644">93008644</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32012202">32012202</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trap+Door+Spiders&rft.btitle=I.+Asimov%3A+A+Memoir&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32012202&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F93008644&rft.isbn=978-0553569971&rft.aulast=Asimov&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fiasimovmemoir00asim_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurt2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Burt_(author)" title="Daniel Burt (author)">Burt, Daniel S.</a> (2001). The Biography Book: A Reader's Guide to Nonfiction, Fictional, and Film Biographies of More Than 500 of the Most Fascinating Individuals of All Time. Westport, CT: Oryx Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573562560" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573562560"><bdi>978-1573562560</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44502070">44502070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biography+Book%3A+A+Reader%27s+Guide+to+Nonfiction%2C+Fictional%2C+and+Film+Biographies+of+More+Than+500+of+the+Most+Fascinating+Individuals+of+All+Time&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pub=Oryx+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44502070&rft.isbn=978-1573562560&rft.aulast=Burt&rft.aufirst=Daniel+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Todd_Carroll" title="Robert Todd Carroll">Carroll, Robert Todd</a> (2003). <a href="/wiki/Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions</a>. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471272427" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471272427"><bdi>978-0471272427</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52086432">52086432</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Skeptic%27s+Dictionary%3A+A+Collection+of+Strange+Beliefs%2C+Amusing+Deceptions%2C+and+Dangerous+Delusions&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52086432&rft.isbn=978-0471272427&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Robert+Todd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColombo2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Colombo" title="John Robert Colombo">Colombo, John Robert</a>, ed. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/midnighthourcana0000unse">The Midnight Hour: Canadian Accounts of Eerie Experiences</a>. Dundurn Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1550024968" title="Special:BookSources/978-1550024968"><bdi>978-1550024968</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53847365">53847365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Midnight+Hour%3A+Canadian+Accounts+of+Eerie+Experiences&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53847365&rft.isbn=978-1550024968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmidnighthourcana0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Gardner" title="Martin Gardner">Gardner, Martin</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/didadamevehavena00gard">Did Adam and Eve have Navels: Discourses on Reflexology, Numerology, Urine Therapy, and Other Dubious Subjects</a>. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393049633" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393049633"><bdi>978-0393049633</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44076017">44076017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Did+Adam+and+Eve+have+Navels%3A+Discourses+on+Reflexology%2C+Numerology%2C+Urine+Therapy%2C+and+Other+Dubious+Subjects&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+%26+Co.&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44076017&rft.isbn=978-0393049633&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdidadamevehavena00gard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamont2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lamont_(historian)" title="Peter Lamont (historian)">Lamont, Peter</a> (2005). The First Psychic: The Peculiar Mystery of a Notorious Victorian Wizard. London: Little, Brown. p. 302. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0316728348" title="Special:BookSources/978-0316728348"><bdi>978-0316728348</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62176762">62176762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Psychic%3A+The+Peculiar+Mystery+of+a+Notorious+Victorian+Wizard&rft.place=London&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62176762&rft.isbn=978-0316728348&rft.aulast=Lamont&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoritz1987" class="citation book cs1">Moritz, Charles, ed. (1987). Current Biography Yearbook. Vol. 48. New York: H.W. Wilson Company. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17332312">17332312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Current+Biography+Yearbook&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=H.W.+Wilson+Company&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17332312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Moseley_&_Pflock" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_W._Moseley" title="James W. Moseley">Moseley, James W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karl_T._Pflock" title="Karl T. Pflock">Pflock, Karl T.</a> (2002). Shockingly Close to the Truth! Confessions of a Grave-Robbing Ufologist. New York: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1573929912" title="Special:BookSources/978-1573929912"><bdi>978-1573929912</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48942361">48942361</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shockingly+Close+to+the+Truth%21+Confessions+of+a+Grave-Robbing+Ufologist&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48942361&rft.isbn=978-1573929912&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft.au=Pflock%2C+Karl+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Polidoro" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Polidoro" title="Massimo Polidoro">Polidoro, Massimo</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretsofpsychic0000poli">Secrets of the Psychics: Investigating Paranormal Claims</a>. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1591020868" title="Special:BookSources/978-1591020868"><bdi>978-1591020868</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52312569">52312569</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+the+Psychics%3A+Investigating+Paranormal+Claims&rft.place=Amherst%2C+NY&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52312569&rft.isbn=978-1591020868&rft.aulast=Polidoro&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretsofpsychic0000poli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandi1997" class="citation book cs1">Randi, James (1997). "Science and Pseudoscience". In Terzian, Yervant; Bilson, Elizabeth (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521576031">Carl Sagan's Universe</a>. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521572866" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521572866"><bdi>978-0521572866</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/96040511">96040511</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36130681">36130681</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Science+and+Pseudoscience&rft.btitle=Carl+Sagan%27s+Universe&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36130681&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F96040511&rft.isbn=978-0521572866&rft.aulast=Randi&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780521576031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Rodrigues" class="citation book cs1">Rodrigues, Luís F. (2010). Open Questions: Diverse Thinkers Discuss God, Religion, and Faith. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313386442" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313386442"><bdi>978-0313386442</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2010011195">2010011195</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/548555665">548555665</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Open+Questions%3A+Diverse+Thinkers+Discuss+God%2C+Religion%2C+and+Faith&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F548555665&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2010011195&rft.isbn=978-0313386442&rft.aulast=Rodrigues&rft.aufirst=Lu%C3%ADs+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> James Randi at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/James_Randi" class="extiw" title="c:James Randi">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/James_Randi" class="extiw" title="q:James Randi">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Geller_v._Randi" class="extiw" title="s:Geller v. Randi">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294918" class="extiw" title="d:Q294918">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.randi.org">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294918#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wakelet.com/@JamesRandi">Wakelet Randi collection</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Listings">Listings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Listings">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://skepdic.com/randi.html">James Randi</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Skeptic%27s_Dictionary" title="The Skeptic's Dictionary">The Skeptic's Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0709791/">James Randi</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229041841/http://www.linkingpage.com/magicnewsfeed/2009/5/12/mnw-110-james-randi.html">James Randi interview</a> (May 2009) from the podcast of MagicNewswire.com in which Randi discusses his career in magic, his feud with Uri Geller and more.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bsalert.com/news/2145/BSAlert_Show_5_-_James_Randi_on_Paranormalism_and_Phenomenon.html">James Randi interview</a> (November 2007) from the BSAlert.com radio show where Randi discusses NBC's <a href="/wiki/Phenomenon_(TV_series)" title="Phenomenon (TV series)">Phenomenon</a> TV show, the current status of Uri Geller and his thoughts about whether society is becoming more or less superstitious.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2002/homeopathyrandi.shtml">"Homeopathy: The Test – webchat with James Randi"</a>. BBC Science. November 26, 2002.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Homeopathy%3A+The+Test+%E2%80%93+webchat+with+James+Randi&rft.date=2002-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fhorizon%2F2002%2Fhomeopathyrandi.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJames+Randi" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061557/http://www.skeptictank.org/hs/paranorm.htm">"20 Major Aspects of Liars, Cheats, and Frauds" by James Randi</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="James_Randi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-selflink selflink">James Randi</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The Amazing Randi</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Truth_About_Uri_Geller" title="The Truth About Uri Geller">The Truth About Uri Geller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flim-Flam!" title="Flim-Flam!">Flim-Flam!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Faith_Healers" title="The Faith Healers">The Faith Healers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Nostradamus" title="The Mask of Nostradamus">The Mask of Nostradamus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjuring_(book)" title="Conjuring (book)">Conjuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopedia_of_Claims,_Frauds,_and_Hoaxes_of_the_Occult_and_Supernatural" title="An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural">An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Randi_Educational_Foundation" title="James Randi Educational Foundation">James Randi Educational Foundation</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Meeting" title="The Amazing Meeting">The Amazing Meeting</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Million_Dollar_Paranormal_Challenge" title="One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge">One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets:_3001%E2%80%934000#163" title="List of minor planets: 3001–4000">3163 Randi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigasus_Award" title="Pigasus Award">Pigasus Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Skeptical_Inquiry" title="Committee for Skeptical Inquiry">Committee for Skeptical Inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrets_of_the_Psychics" title="Secrets of the Psychics">Secrets of the Psychics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Honest_Liar" title="An Honest Liar">An Honest Liar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_of_Magical_Arts_Special_Fellowship" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_of_Magical_Arts_Special_Fellowship" title="Template:Academy of Magical Arts Special Fellowship"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_of_Magical_Arts_Special_Fellowship" title="Template talk:Academy of Magical Arts Special Fellowship"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_of_Magical_Arts_Special_Fellowship" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy of Magical Arts Special Fellowship"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_of_Magical_Arts_Special_Fellowship" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Magical_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Magical Arts">Academy of Magical Arts</a> Special Fellowship</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1968: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Owen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Owen (page does not exist)">Carl Owen</a></li> <li>1969: Goodliffe, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Miller_(magician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlie Miller (magician) (page does not exist)">Charlie Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan" title="Ed Sullivan">Ed Sullivan</a> (honorary)</li> <li>1970: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenkai_(magician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenkai (magician) (page does not exist)">Tenkai</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Faucett_Ross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Faucett Ross (page does not exist)">Faucett Ross</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ballantine" title="Carl Ballantine">Carl Ballantine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marion_Chavez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marion Chavez (page does not exist)">Marion Chavez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunninger" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunninger">Dunninger</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johnny_Giordmaine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johnny Giordmaine (page does not exist)">Johnny Giordmaine</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Loring_Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loring Campbell (page does not exist)">Loring Campbell</a></li> <li>1978: Lloyd E. Jones</li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Burling_Hull" title="Burling Hull">Burling Hull</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Len_Vintus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Len Vintus (page does not exist)">Len Vintus</a></li> <li>1980: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geraldine_Larsen_Jaffe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geraldine Larsen Jaffe (page does not exist)">Geraldine Larsen Jaffe</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Thurston_Shepard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Thurston Shepard (page does not exist)">Jane Thurston Shepard</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Moi-Yo_Miller" title="Moi-Yo Miller">Moi-Yo Miller</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_%26_Teddy_Leon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon & Teddy Leon (page does not exist)">Leon & Teddy Leon</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Albo" title="Robert Albo">Robert Albo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irving_Desfor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irving Desfor (page does not exist)">Irving Desfor</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marie_Marshall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marie Marshall (page does not exist)">Marie Marshall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shigeo_Takagi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shigeo Takagi (page does not exist)">Shigeo Takagi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stan_Kramien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stan Kramien (page does not exist)">Stan Kramien</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">James Randi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Stanley_(magician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Stanley (magician) (page does not exist)">Harry Stanley</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barker" title="Bob Barker">Bob Barker</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Ravel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jim Ravel (page does not exist)">Jim Ravel</a></li> <li>1988: Tom Bradley, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Homer_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Homer Hudson (page does not exist)">Homer Hudson</a></li> <li>1989: John Fisher</li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brodien" title="Marshall Brodien">Marshall Brodien</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Irene_Larsen" title="Irene Larsen">Irene Larsen</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ton_Onosaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ton Onosaka (page does not exist)">Ton Onosaka</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynette_Chappell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynette Chappell (page does not exist)">Lynette Chappell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Litzka_Raymond_Gibson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Litzka Raymond Gibson (page does not exist)">Litzka Raymond Gibson</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Salisse" title="John Salisse">John Salisse</a></li> <li>1996: Joe Stevens</li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Walton" title="Roy Walton">Roy Walton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senor_Wences" class="mw-redirect" title="Senor Wences">Senor Wences</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Lenier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Lenier (page does not exist)">Jules Lenier</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Breese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Breese (page does not exist)">Martin Breese</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/David_Berglas" title="David Berglas">David Berglas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Zimmerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Zimmerman (page does not exist)">Diana Zimmerman</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_%22Kaz%22_Kasnetsis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John "Kaz" Kasnetsis (page does not exist)">John "Kaz" Kasnetsis</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rick_Heath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rick Heath (page does not exist)">Rick Heath</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_St._Pierre_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis St. Pierre Jr. (page does not exist)">Louis St. Pierre Jr.</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Thumm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Thumm (page does not exist)">Manfred Thumm</a></li> <li>2004: Mark Nelson</li> <li>2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rich_Bloch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rich Bloch (page does not exist)">Rich Bloch</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Hindman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Hindman (page does not exist)">Dale Hindman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lew_Horwitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lew Horwitz (page does not exist)">Lew Horwitz</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Behnke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Behnke (page does not exist)">Leo Behnke</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Johnathan" title="The Amazing Johnathan">The Amazing Johnathan</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Eswin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Eswin (page does not exist)">Eric Eswin</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Forte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Forte (page does not exist)">Steve Forte</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Fisher" title="Jules Fisher">Jules Fisher</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Essential_Magic_Conference&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Essential Magic Conference (page does not exist)">EMC Producers</a> (Luis de Matos, David Britland, Marco Tempest), Carl Williams</li> <li>2013: Robert Neale, <a href="/wiki/Joanie_Spina" title="Joanie Spina">Joanie Spina</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Avner_the_Eccentric" title="Avner the Eccentric">Avner Eisenberg</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_A._Dawes" title="Edwin A. Dawes">Dr. Edwin Dawes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Harary" title="Franz Harary">Franz Harary</a></li> <li>2017: Ken Closterman, Tony Delap, Peter Lane</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294918#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294918#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294918#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000080964133">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17290510">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/55281/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqkbC7KVfV3tJPyc8JFKd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/123344905">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80062980">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123126934">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123126934">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00798425">Japan</a></li><li>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VIAV102357">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35441524">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074447440">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90195278">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201732516">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810535289005606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266801305171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13979999">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04689965?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/954023">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032017243">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&oldid=1255114947">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Randi&oldid=1255114947</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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152.593 25 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.60% 147.598 29 Template:Cite_news"," 4.87% 128.290 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.00% 105.488 11 Template:Rp"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.634","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12243785,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n\"\"\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF\u0026quot;Secrets_of_the_Psychics\u0026quot;\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlcock2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlteaRandi2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlteaRandi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsimov1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAvilaRuppelHunter2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarber2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarsanti2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBartlett1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBauer2020\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBeck2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBidlack2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoard_of_Directors_of_The_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBooth2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrian_Dunning2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrioux2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown,_Christopher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBryant1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBupp2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurt2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButlerIngram\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCacho2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarroll2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChip_Denman,_Rick_Adams\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColombo2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoyne2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrease2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDart1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDart1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobler2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEdwardJaroffBrowneVan_Praagh2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazier2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrazier2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrench2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrum2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardner2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerbic2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrothe,_D._J.2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHigginbotham2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHilts1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoly_Koolaid2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames_Randi2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaroff2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKernan1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKurtz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLamont2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimbong2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaddoxRandiStewart1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagee2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalmgren1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargolis1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcMaster2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendham1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMooney2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoritz1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoseley2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNordland2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrwen1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPasternack2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetit1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoulsen2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRandi,_James2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1982a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1982b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1982c\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1995\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi1998\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2002\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2005\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2006\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2007\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2008\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFRandi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandiBrowne2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandiHatchman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandiWagg2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRensberger1975\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRipin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson1898\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRobynn_\u0026quot;Swoopy\u0026quot;_McCarthyDerek_Colanduno2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobynn_\u0026quot;Swoopy\u0026quot;_McCarthyDerek_Colanduno2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRooney2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRossiRandi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStorr2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSusan_Gerbic2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaft1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeplitsky2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorp2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTruzzi\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValentine2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagg2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_BruxellesAugust2009\"] = 1,\n [\"Moseley_\u0026amp;_Pflock\"] = 1,\n [\"Polidoro\"] = 1,\n [\"Randi_\u0026amp;_Sugar\"] = 1,\n [\"Randi_1989\"] = 1,\n [\"Randi_1990\"] = 1,\n [\"Randi_1991\"] = 1,\n [\"Randi_1992\"] = 1,\n [\"Randi_1995\"] = 1,\n [\"Rodrigues\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 1,\n [\"Academy of Magical Arts Special Fellowship\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 4,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 4,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 31,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite podcast\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 81,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Randi, James\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Death date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 4,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 12,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"IMDb name\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"James Randi\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 11,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Update inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 4,\n [\"Wikisource\"] = 1,\n [\"YouTube\"] = 4,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","20.0"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","18.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","140","7.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","120","6.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","4.4"],["recursiveClone 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-29T23:26:38Z","dateModified":"2024-11-03T06:19:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f5\/Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg","headline":"Canadian-American stage magician and skeptical movement adherent"}</script> </body> </html>