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mw-editable page-Contrafort rootpage-Contrafort skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menú principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Cerca a Viquipèdia" aria-label="Cerca a Viquipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Cerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Eines personals"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Contrafort" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Contrafort" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Contrafort" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Contrafort" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Història" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Història"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Història</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Història-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Galeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vegeu_també" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vegeu_també"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vegeu també</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vegeu_també-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Contrafort</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 41 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%81_(%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9)" title="كتف (عمارة) - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتف (عمارة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Контрфорс - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Контрфорс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Кантрафорс - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кантрафорс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Контрафорс - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Контрафорс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpell" title="Harpell - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Harpell" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A6bepille" title="Stræbepille - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stræbepille" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strebepfeiler" title="Strebepfeiler - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strebepfeiler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Αντηρίδα - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντηρίδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttress" title="Buttress - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Buttress" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontra%C5%ADforto" title="Kontraŭforto - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontraŭforto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrafuerte" title="Contrafuerte - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Contrafuerte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugipiilar" title="Tugipiilar - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tugipiilar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormabular" title="Hormabular - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hormabular" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B4%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF" title="پشت‌بند - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پشت‌بند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrefort" title="Contrefort - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Contrefort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taca" title="Taca - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraforte" title="Contraforte - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Contraforte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrafor" title="Kontrafor - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kontrafor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D6%80%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BD" title="Կոնտրֆորս - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոնտրֆորս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontraforto" title="Kontraforto - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kontraforto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrafforte" title="Contrafforte - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Contrafforte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E3%81%88%E5%A3%81" title="控え壁 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="控え壁" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Контрфорс - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Контрфорс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4" title="버트레스 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="버트레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Контрфорс - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Контрфорс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontraforsas" title="Kontraforsas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kontraforsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steunbeer" title="Steunbeer - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steunbeer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strebepilar" title="Strebepilar - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Strebepilar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraf%C3%B2rt" title="Contrafòrt - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Contrafòrt" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skarpa_(architektura)" title="Skarpa (architektura) - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skarpa (architektura)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraforte" title="Contraforte - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Contraforte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrafort" title="Contrafort - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Contrafort" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Контрфорс - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Контрфорс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrafor" title="Kontrafor - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kontrafor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttress" title="Buttress - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Buttress" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opornik" title="Opornik - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Opornik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A4vpelare" title="Strävpelare - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Strävpelare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ครีบยัน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ครีบยัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Контрфорс (архітектура) - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Контрфорс (архітектура)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a 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.hatnote{width:100%;border-color:#77ccff;color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#f5f5f5;margin-bottom:1em;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .hatnote{color:var(--color-inverted,#fff);background-color:var(--background-color-inverted,#101418)}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <table class="hatnote" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 25px; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/22px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/33px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/44px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> </td> <td>Aquest article tracta sobre els contraforts en arquitectura. Vegeu-ne altres significats a «<a href="/wiki/Contrafort_(geografia)" title="Contrafort (geografia)">Contrafort (geografia)</a>». </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:PPkerk(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/PPkerk%2804%29.jpg/220px-PPkerk%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/PPkerk%2804%29.jpg/330px-PPkerk%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/PPkerk%2804%29.jpg/440px-PPkerk%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Contraforts de l'església de Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk d'<a href="/wiki/Oostende" title="Oostende">Oostende</a> a <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica" title="Bèlgica">Bèlgica</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>contrafort</b> és un <a href="/wiki/Pilar_(arquitectura)" title="Pilar (arquitectura)">pilar</a>, sortint, que fa cos amb un mur i li serveix de reforç perquè resisteixi l'empenta d'una <a href="/wiki/Volta_(arquitectura)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volta (arquitectura)">volta</a>, d'un <a href="/wiki/Arc_(arquitectura)" title="Arc (arquitectura)">arc</a>, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-RBA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RBA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Solen trobar-se als laterals i a la part posterior d'esglésies o catedrals tant romàniques com gòtiques. En l'estil gòtic, a diferència del romànic, se solien decorar per a contribuir a l'elegància del conjunt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Història"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria"></span>Història</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrafort&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Història"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_persa" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquitectura persa">arquitectura persa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Arquitectura romana">romana</a> i <a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_romana_d%27Orient" title="Arquitectura romana d'Orient">romana d'Orient</a> generalment posposa els mitjans de topall, normalment particions, a l'interior. De vegades empren <a href="/wiki/Contraforts" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraforts">contraforts</a> que semblen una <a href="/wiki/Columna" title="Columna">columna</a> compromesa o <a href="/wiki/Pilastra" title="Pilastra">pilastra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els contraforts són típics de l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_rom%C3%A0nica" title="Arquitectura romànica">arquitectura romànica</a>, especialment en l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Arquitectura_cristiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arquitectura cristiana (encara no existeix)">arquitectura cristiana</a>. Així, en les esglésies d'una sola nau, la resistència a l'empenta és proporcionada per murs amb contraforts. Els mestres paletes romans redueixen el contrafort al que requereix el seu paper: un simple estímul vertical de costats baixos coronats amb un esmalt. A les esglésies de tres naus, la resistència a l'empenta a la nau central és proporcionada pels contraforts, que són els mateixos <a href="/wiki/Pilar_(arquitectura)" title="Pilar (arquitectura)">pilars</a>, anomenats pilars de contrafort. </p><p>Per garantir una estabilitat suficient, els mestres paletes reforcen les parets exteriors amb contraforts i emprenen un artifici en voladís que els constructors gòtics s'erigiran en el mètode: els pilars es reforcen externament per un esperó que es recolza en voladís sobre els lloms de les voltes de les <a href="/wiki/Nau_lateral" title="Nau lateral">naus laterals</a>. L'originalitat a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Art_rom%C3%A0nic_auvern%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Art romànic auvernès (encara no existeix)">escola auvernesa</a> és connectar els contraforts dos a dos per mitjà d'una arcada externa (arcs col·locats en una mènsula) que endureix la paret i tot l'interès en el suport.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraforts de l'església de Sant-Georges Sélestat"><img alt="Contraforts de l'església de Sant-Georges Sélestat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG/120px-S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG/180px-S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG/240px-S%C3%A9lestat_StGeorges148.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2733" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contraforts de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esgl%C3%A9sia_de_Sant-Georges_S%C3%A9lestat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Església de Sant-Georges Sélestat (encara no existeix)">església de Sant-Georges Sélestat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraforts connectats amb arcs, Basílica de Nostra Senyora del Port"><img alt="Contraforts connectats amb arcs, Basílica de Nostra Senyora del Port" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg/80px-F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg/120px-F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg/160px-F08.N.-D._du_Port.0070.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contraforts connectats amb arcs, <a href="/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_Nostra_Senyora_del_Port" title="Basílica de Nostra Senyora del Port">Basílica de Nostra Senyora del Port</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Tanmateix, és sobretot una <a href="/wiki/Arc_ogival" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc ogival">arquitectura ogival</a> que ha fet ús intensiu d'aquests elements arquitectònics, associats a l'arc, per recolzar les parets de les naus que havien de suportar les altes voltes. Els contraforts s'alleugen gradualment per convertir-se en lleugers <a href="/wiki/Arcbotant" title="Arcbotant">arcbotants</a> en l'<a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_g%C3%B2tica" title="Arquitectura gòtica">arquitectura gòtica</a>, però no s'ha de confondre amb les simples columnes compromeses de les pilastres planes, que no reforcen substancialment la paret. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeria">Galeria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrafort&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Galeria"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraforts de la paret perimetral oest de la Gran Mesquita de Kairuan que es troba a la ciutat de Kairuan a Tunísia."><img alt="Contraforts de la paret perimetral oest de la Gran Mesquita de Kairuan que es troba a la ciutat de Kairuan a Tunísia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg/120px-Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg/180px-Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg/240px-Western_side_of_the_Great_Mosque_of_Kairouan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contraforts de la paret perimetral oest de la <a href="/wiki/Gran_Mesquita_de_Kairuan" title="Gran Mesquita de Kairuan">Gran Mesquita de Kairuan</a> que es troba a la ciutat de Kairuan a <a href="/wiki/Tun%C3%ADsia" title="Tunísia">Tunísia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraforts de capçalera de la Col·legiata de Nostra Senyora de Mantes-la-Jolie."><img alt="Contraforts de capçalera de la Col·legiata de Nostra Senyora de Mantes-la-Jolie." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg/120px-Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg/180px-Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg/240px-Coll%C3%A9giale_Mantes_chevet01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="740" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contraforts de capçalera de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Col%C2%B7legiata_de_Nostra_Senyora_de_Mantes-la-Jolie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col·legiata de Nostra Senyora de Mantes-la-Jolie (encara no existeix)">Col·legiata de Nostra Senyora de Mantes-la-Jolie</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Contrefort_civil_maclas.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Contrafort en l'arquitectura civil."><img alt="Contrafort en l'arquitectura civil." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Contrefort_civil_maclas.png/49px-Contrefort_civil_maclas.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Contrefort_civil_maclas.png/74px-Contrefort_civil_maclas.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Contrefort_civil_maclas.png/99px-Contrefort_civil_maclas.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="476" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contrafort en l'arquitectura civil.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Contraforts de la façana sud de la Gran Mesquita de Kairuan a Tunísia."><img alt="Contraforts de la façana sud de la Gran Mesquita de Kairuan a Tunísia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg/80px-TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg/120px-TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg/159px-TUNISIE_KAIROUAN_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contraforts de la façana sud de la <a href="/wiki/Gran_Mesquita_de_Kairuan" title="Gran Mesquita de Kairuan">Gran Mesquita de Kairuan</a> a <a href="/wiki/Tun%C3%ADsia" title="Tunísia">Tunísia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Beenz_(Lychen)_church_2016_NW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Contrafort del mur occidental d'una església rural a Brandenburg."><img alt="Contrafort del mur occidental d'una església rural a Brandenburg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Beenz_%28Lychen%29_church_2016_NW.jpg/120px-Beenz_%28Lychen%29_church_2016_NW.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Beenz_%28Lychen%29_church_2016_NW.jpg/180px-Beenz_%28Lychen%29_church_2016_NW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Beenz_%28Lychen%29_church_2016_NW.jpg/240px-Beenz_%28Lychen%29_church_2016_NW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4579" data-file-height="3627" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Contrafort del mur occidental d'una església rural a <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrafort&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RBA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RBA_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>Diccionario de Arte I</i>.  Barcelona: Spes Editorial SL (RBA), 2003, p.135. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-8332-390-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-8332-390-7">ISBN 84-8332-390-7</a></span> [Consulta: 28 novembre 2014].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diccionario+de+Arte+I&rft.date=2003&rft.pub=Spes+Editorial+SL+%28RBA%29&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=p.135&rft.isbn=84-8332-390-7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> Slatkine Reprints. <i>Histoire de l'architecture</i>, 1982.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27architecture&rft.date=1982"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> Slatkine Reprints. <i>Histoire de l'architecture</i>, 1982.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27architecture&rft.date=1982"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Contrafort&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mur_de_contenci%C3%B3" title="Mur de contenció">Mur de contenció</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilastra" title="Pilastra">Pilastra</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Buttresses" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Buttresses">Contrafort</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elements_d&#039;arquitectura_eclesiàstica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D9B2FF;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Arquitectura_eclesi%C3%A0stica" title="Plantilla:Arquitectura eclesiàstica"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Cor_(arquitectura)" title="Cor (arquitectura)">Cor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Creuer_(arquitectura)" title="Creuer (arquitectura)">Creuer</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cripta" title="Cripta">Cripta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Deambulatori" title="Deambulatori">Deambulatori</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A0rtex" title="Nàrtex">Nàrtex</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nau_(arquitectura)" title="Nau (arquitectura)">Nau</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Presbiteri" title="Presbiteri">Presbiteri</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Transsepte" title="Transsepte">Transsepte</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Westwerk" title="Westwerk">Westwerk</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baptisteri" title="Baptisteri">Baptisteri</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cambril" title="Cambril">Cambril</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Matroneu" title="Matroneu">Matroneu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A0rtex" title="Nàrtex">Nàrtex</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#edd9ff;">Exterior</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arcbotant" title="Arcbotant">Arcbotant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arquitrau" title="Arquitrau">Arquitrau</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arquivolta" title="Arquivolta">Arquivolta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Brancal" title="Brancal">Brancal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Campanar" title="Campanar">Campanar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%A7alera" title="Capçalera">Capçalera</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cimbori" title="Cimbori">Cimbori</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Contrafort</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Campanar_d%27espadanya" title="Campanar d'espadanya">Campanar d'espadanya</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fa%C3%A7ana" title="Façana">Façana</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fris" title="Fris">Fris</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0rgola" title="Gàrgola">Gàrgola</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lesena" title="Lesena">Lesena</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mur_de_c%C3%A0rrega" title="Mur de càrrega">Mur de càrrega</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Parament" title="Parament">Parament</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pinacle" title="Pinacle">Pinacle</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal_(arquitectura)" title="Portal (arquitectura)">Portal</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Timp%C3%A0_(arquitectura)" title="Timpà (arquitectura)">Timpà</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Torre" title="Torre">Torre</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Oratori_(edifici)" title="Oratori (edifici)">Oratori</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#edd9ff;">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">Altar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arcada" title="Arcada">Arcada</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Capitell" title="Capitell">Capitell</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Claristori" title="Claristori">Claristori</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Clau_de_volta" title="Clau de volta">Clau de volta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Columna" title="Columna">Columna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C%C3%BApula" title="Cúpula">Cúpula</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Galeria_(arquitectura)" title="Galeria (arquitectura)">Galeria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Llantern%C3%B3" title="Llanternó">Llanternó</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Claraboia" title="Claraboia">Lluerna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Matroneu" title="Matroneu">Matroneu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">Mosaic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nervi_(arquitectura)" title="Nervi (arquitectura)">Nervi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Petxina_(arquitectura)" title="Petxina (arquitectura)">Petxina</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pilar_(arquitectura)" title="Pilar (arquitectura)">Pilar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Retaule" title="Retaule">Retaule</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rosassa" title="Rosassa">Rosassa</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Trifori" title="Trifori">Trifori</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Vitrall" title="Vitrall">Vitrall</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Volta" title="Volta">Volta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Amb%C3%B3" title="Ambó">Ambó</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambulatori_(arquitectura)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambulatori (arquitectura) (encara no existeix)">Ambulatori</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Creu" title="Creu">Creu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Diac%C3%B2nicon" title="Diacònicon">Diacònicon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#edd9ff;">Altres</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arc_(arquitectura)" title="Arc (arquitectura)">Arc</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Baix_relleu" title="Baix relleu">Baix relleu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Carcanyol" title="Carcanyol">Carcanyol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Flor%C3%B3_(arquitectura)" title="Floró (arquitectura)">Floró</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gablet" title="Gablet">Gablet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B2bul_(arquitectura)" title="Lòbul (arquitectura)">Lòbul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Medall%C3%B3" title="Medalló">Medalló</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8nsula" title="Mènsula">Mènsula / Cartel·la / Modilló / Permòdol</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C3%92cul" title="Òcul">Òcul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Penjant" title="Penjant">Penjant</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Torrell%C3%B3" title="Torrelló">Torrelló</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Traceria" title="Traceria">Traceria</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a 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