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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_design_phase" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_design_phase"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early design phase</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_design_phase-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>First orders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production_and_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_and_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Production and testing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_and_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entry_into_service" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_service"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Entry into service</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_service-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_developments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_developments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Further developments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_developments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Series_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Series 10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_20" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_20"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Series 20</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_20-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_30" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_30"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Series 30</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_30-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_40" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_40"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Series 40</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_40-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Series_50" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Series_50"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Series 50</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Series_50-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super_60_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super_60_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Super 60 Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super_60_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Super_70_Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Super_70_Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Super 70 Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Super_70_Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accidents_and_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Accidents and incidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accidents_and_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aircraft_on_display" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aircraft_on_display"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aircraft on display</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aircraft_on_display-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deliveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deliveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Deliveries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deliveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas DC-8</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A-8" title="دوغلاس دي سي-8 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوغلاس دي سي-8" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C-%DB%B8" title="داگلاس دی‌سی-۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داگلاس دی‌سی-۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%94%EA%B8%80%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_DC-8" title="더글러스 DC-8 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="더글러스 DC-8" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A1_DC-8" title="דאגלס DC-8 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאגלס DC-8" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC%E2%80%938" title="McDonnell Douglas DC–8 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="McDonnell Douglas DC–8" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80-%E0%A5%AE" title="डग्लस डीसी-८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डग्लस डीसी-८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9_DC-8" title="ダグラス DC-8 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダグラス DC-8" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC-8" title="DC-8 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="DC-8" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Douglas DC-8" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81_DC-8" title="Даглас DC-8 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Даглас DC-8" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Douglas DC-8" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"DC-8" redirects here. For the earlier proposed piston-engined airplane, see <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8_(piston_airliner)" title="Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner)">Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">DC-8</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg/300px-DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg/450px-DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg/600px-DC-8_Airborne_Laboratory_in_flight_over_snow-capped_Sierra_Nevada_mountain_range.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3039" data-file-height="2430" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">DC-8-72 over the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada Mountains">Sierra Nevada Mountains</a> of California in 1998. This aircraft, operated by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> until 2024, was re-engined with <a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">CFM56s</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">Narrow-body airliner</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft Company</a> (1958–1967) <br /><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> (1967–1972)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In limited cargo service</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> (historical)<div> <a href="/wiki/UPS_Airlines" title="UPS Airlines">UPS Airlines</a> (historical) <br /><a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> (historical) <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_Air_Cargo_Service&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans Air Cargo Service (page does not exist)">Trans Air Cargo Service</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">556</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufactured</th><td class="infobox-data">1958–1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">September 18, 1959, with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">May 30, 1958</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Douglas DC-8</b> (sometimes <b>McDonnell Douglas DC-8</b>) is an early long-range <a href="/wiki/Narrow-body_aircraft" title="Narrow-body aircraft">narrow-body</a> jetliner designed and produced by the American <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas Aircraft Company</a>. Work began in 1952 towards the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a>'s (USAF) requirement for a jet-powered <a href="/wiki/Aerial_refueling" title="Aerial refueling">aerial refueling tanker</a>. After losing the USAF's tanker competition to the rival <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker</a> in May 1954, Douglas announced in June 1955 its derived jetliner project marketed to civil operators. In October 1955, <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan Am</a> made the first order along with the competing <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a>, and many other airlines soon followed. The first DC-8 was rolled out in <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Airport" title="Long Beach Airport">Long Beach Airport</a> on April 9, 1958, and flew for the first time on May 30. Following <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) certification in August 1959, the DC-8 entered service with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> on September 18. </p><p>Permitting six-abreast seating, the <a href="/wiki/Four-engined_jet_aircraft" title="Four-engined jet aircraft">four-engined</a>, low-wing jet aircraft was initially produced in four 151 ft (46 m) long variants. The DC-8-10 was powered by <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3C">Pratt & Whitney JT3C</a> turbojets, and had a 273,000 lb (124 t) <a href="/wiki/Maximum_Take-Off_Weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximum Take-Off Weight">MTOW</a>; the DC-8-20 had more powerful <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT4A" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT4A">JT4A</a> turbojets, for a 276,000 lb (125 t) MTOW. The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intercontinental" class="extiw" title="wikt:intercontinental">intercontinental</a> models had more fuel capacity, and had an MTOW of up to 315,000 lb (143 t); it was powered by JT4As for the Series 30, and by <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Conway" title="Rolls-Royce Conway">Rolls-Royce Conway</a> turbofans for the Series 40. The <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">Pratt & Whitney JT3D</a> powered the later DC-8-50 and Super 60 (DC-8-61, -62, and -63) as well as <a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">freighter</a> versions, and reached a MTOW of 325,000 lb (147 t). A stretched DC-8 variant was not initially considered, leading some airlines to order the competing Boeing 707 instead. </p><p>The improved Series 60 was announced in April 1965. The DC-8-61 was stretched by 36 ft (11 m) for 180–220 seats in mixed-class and a MTOW of 325,000 lb (147 t). It first flew on March 14, 1966, was certified on September 2, 1966, and entered service with <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> in February 1967. The long-range DC-8-62 followed in April 1967, stretched by 7 ft (2.1 m), could seat up to 189 passengers over 5,200 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical miles</a> [nmi] (9,600 km; 6,000 mi) with a larger wing for a MTOW up to 350,000 lb (159 t). The DC-8-63 had the long fuselage and the enlarged wing, freighters MTOW reached 355,000 lb (161 t). </p><p>The DC-8 was produced until 1972 with 556 aircraft built; it was superseded by larger <a href="/wiki/Wide-body_airliner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wide-body airliner">wide-body airliners</a> including Douglas' <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a> trijet. <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft noise">Noise</a> concerns stimulated demand for a quieter variant; from 1975, Douglas and <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> offered the Series 70 retrofit, powered by the quieter and more fuel-efficient <a href="/wiki/CFM56" class="mw-redirect" title="CFM56">CFM56</a> turbofan engine. It largely exited passenger service during the 1980s and 1990s, but some re-engined DC-8s remain in use as freighters. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the end of World War II, Douglas was a dominant North American aircraft producer in the <a href="/wiki/Commercial_aviation" title="Commercial aviation">commercial aviation</a> market, only being rivaled by <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, releasing the innovative all-metal <a href="/wiki/Boeing_247" title="Boeing 247">Model 247</a> airliner in 1933, and produced prodigious quantities of the rugged four-engined <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-17_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17 Flying Fortress</a> and sophisticated, pressurized long-range <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">B-29 Superfortress</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Douglas produced a succession of piston-engined aircraft (<a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">DC-2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">DC-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-4" title="Douglas DC-4">DC-4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">DC-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">DC-6</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7</a>) through the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. While <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland" title="De Havilland">de Havilland</a> flew the world's first jet airliner, the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">Comet</a>, in May 1949,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-greenp174_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenp174-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglas initially refrained from developing a jet airliner. </p><p>De Havilland's pioneering Comet entered airline service in May 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cookman195207_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cookman195207-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially, it appeared to be a success, but the Comet was grounded in 1954 after two fatal accidents which were subsequently attributed to rapid <a href="/wiki/Metal_fatigue" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal fatigue">metal fatigue</a> failure of the pressure cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-d33_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-d33-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various aircraft manufacturers benefited from the findings and experiences gained from the investigation into Comet losses; specifically, Douglas paid significant attention to detail in the design of the DC-8's pressurized cabin.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1952, Douglas had continued its success as a commercial aircraft manufacturer, having received almost 300 orders for its piston-engine DC-6 and its successor, the DC-7, which had yet to fly.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_10_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Comet disasters, and the airlines' subsequent lack of interest in jets, seemed to validate the company's decision to remain with <a href="/wiki/Propeller_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Propeller (aircraft)">propeller</a>-driven aircraft, but its inaction enabled rival manufacturers to take the lead instead.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_910_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_910-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anderton_78_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderton_78-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1949, rival company Boeing had started design work on a pure jet airliner. <a href="/wiki/Boeing_Defense,_Space_%26_Security" title="Boeing Defense, Space & Security">Boeing's military arm</a> had experience with large long-range jets, such as the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-47_Stratojet" title="Boeing B-47 Stratojet">B-47 Stratojet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-52_Stratofortress" title="Boeing B-52 Stratofortress">B-52 Stratofortress</a> strategic bombers. While producing and supporting these bombers for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">United States Air Force</a> (USAF), Boeing had developed a close relationship with the USAF's <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Air_Command" title="Strategic Air Command">Strategic Air Command</a> (SAC). The company also supplied the SAC's refueling aircraft, the piston-engined <a href="/wiki/KC-97_Stratofreighter" class="mw-redirect" title="KC-97 Stratofreighter">KC-97 Stratofreighters</a>, but these proved to be too slow and low flying to easily work with the new jet bombers. The B-52, in particular, had to descend from its cruising altitude and then slow almost to its stall speed to refuel from the KC-97.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Believing that a requirement for a jet-powered tanker was a certainty, Boeing started work on a new jet aircraft for this role that could be adapted into an airliner. As an airliner, it would have similar <a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">seating capacity</a> to the Comet, but the use of a <a href="/wiki/Swept_wing" title="Swept wing">swept wing</a> enabled a higher cruising speed and better range. First presented in 1950 as the <i>Model 473-60C</i>, Boeing failed to generate any interest from airlines, yet remained confident that the project was worthwhile and pressed ahead with a prototype, the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_367-80" title="Boeing 367-80">Boeing 367-80</a> ("Dash-80"). After spending $16 million of its own money to build it, the Dash-80 rolled out on May 15, 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-irving173_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-irving173-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_design_phase">Early design phase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early design phase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg/220px-MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg/330px-MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg/440px-MK_Airlines_Douglas_DC-8_Kral-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Cockpit</figcaption></figure> <p>During mid-1952, Douglas opted to covertly begin work on definition studies for a jet-powered transport aircraft. The company's design team examined various arrangements, including some that closely resembled the Comet.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_10_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_10-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By mid-1953, the team had settled on a form similar to the final DC-8; an 80-seat, low-wing aircraft powered by four <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3C">Pratt & Whitney JT3C</a> <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engines, 30° wing sweep, and an internal cabin diameter of 11 feet (3.35 m) to allow five-abreast seating. The use of <a href="/wiki/Podded_engine" title="Podded engine">podded engines</a> was seen as highly beneficial for maintenance purposes as well as to increase wing volume for accommodating fuel.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_1012_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_1012-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fuselage featured a double-bubble cross-section that produced relatively low <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)#Aerodynamics" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a> while providing for a relatively spacious passenger cabin along with a large cargo deck that was sufficiently tall as to permit ground crews to stand up within it.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Douglas remained lukewarm about the jet airliner project, it believed that the USAF tanker contract would go to two companies for two different aircraft, as several USAF transport contracts in the past had done. In May 1954, the USAF circulated its requirement for 800 jet tankers to Boeing, Douglas, <a href="/wiki/Convair" title="Convair">Convair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Aircraft" title="Fairchild Aircraft">Fairchild Aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed Corporation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martin_Marietta" title="Martin Marietta">Martin Marietta</a>. At the time, Boeing was only two months away from having its prototype in the air. Just four months after issuing the tanker requirement, the USAF ordered the first 29 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135 Stratotankers</a> from Boeing.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_12_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_Wills_Douglas_Sr." title="Donald Wills Douglas Sr.">Donald Douglas</a> was reportedly shocked by the rapidity of the decision which, he claimed, had been made before the competing companies even had time to complete their bids. He protested to Washington, but without success. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JAL_DC-8_Interior_(8336372497).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/JAL_DC-8_Interior_%288336372497%29.jpg/220px-JAL_DC-8_Interior_%288336372497%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/JAL_DC-8_Interior_%288336372497%29.jpg/330px-JAL_DC-8_Interior_%288336372497%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/JAL_DC-8_Interior_%288336372497%29.jpg/440px-JAL_DC-8_Interior_%288336372497%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2676" /></a><figcaption>Six-abreast economy cabin, 1973</figcaption></figure> <p>Having already started on the DC-8 project, Douglas decided that the best option was to press on than abandon the project.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_1213_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_1213-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following consultations with the airlines, several design changes were made, such as the fuselage being widened by 15 inches (38 cm) to permit six-abreast seating, which in turn led to larger wings and tail surfaces being adopted along with a lengthening of the fuselage. The existence of the DC-8 was formally announced on 7 June 1955; at the time of the announcement, the development costs had been forecast to be roughly $450 million.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_13_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four versions were offered to begin with, all with the same 150-foot-6-inch (45.87 m) long airframe with a 141-foot-1-inch (43.00 m) wingspan, but varying in engines and fuel capacity, and with maximum weights of about 240,000–260,000 lb (109–118 metric tons). Douglas steadfastly refused to offer different fuselage sizes. The maiden flight was planned for December 1957, with entry into revenue service in 1959. Aware that the program was lagging behind Boeing, Douglas began a major marketing push to promote its new jetliner.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_orders">First orders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First orders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Douglas' previous thinking about the airliner market seemed to be coming true; the transition to turbine power looked likely to be to <a href="/wiki/Turboprop" title="Turboprop">turboprops</a> rather than turbojets. The pioneering 40–60-seat <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">Vickers Viscount</a> was in service and proving popular with passengers and airlines: it was faster, quieter, and more comfortable than piston-engined types.<sup id="cite_ref-new_scientist_50_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-new_scientist_50-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eden_112_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eden_112-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another British rival was the 90-seat <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Britannia" title="Bristol Britannia">Bristol Britannia</a>, and Douglas's main rival in the large airliner market, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed Corporation</a>, had committed to the short to medium range 80–100-seat turboprop <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-188_Electra" title="Lockheed L-188 Electra">Electra</a>, with a launch order from <a href="/wiki/American_Airlines" title="American Airlines">American Airlines</a> for 35 and other orders flowing in.<sup id="cite_ref-Franc_p396-7_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franc_p396-7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, the Comet remained grounded, the French 90-passenger twin jet <a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle" title="Sud Aviation Caravelle">Sud Aviation Caravelle</a> prototype had just flown for the first time, and the Boeing 707 was not expected to be available until late 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_9_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major airlines were reluctant to commit themselves to the huge financial and technical challenges of jet aircraft; however, none could afford <i>not</i> to buy jets if their competitors did.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There the matter rested until October 1955, when <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American World Airways</a> placed simultaneous orders with Boeing for 20 707s and Douglas for 25 DC-8s.<sup id="cite_ref-eden_76_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eden_76-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To buy one expensive and untried jet-powered aircraft type was brave: to buy both was, at the time, unheard of. In the closing months of 1955, other airlines rushed to follow suit: <a href="/wiki/Air_France" title="Air France">Air France</a>, American Airlines, <a href="/wiki/Braniff_International_Airways" title="Braniff International Airways">Braniff International Airways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Continental_Airlines" title="Continental Airlines">Continental Airlines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sabena" title="Sabena">Sabena</a> ordered 707s; <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Airlines_(NA)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Airlines (NA)">National Airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/KLM" title="KLM">KLM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan Air Lines">Japan Air Lines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian Airlines System">Scandinavian Airlines System</a> (SAS) chose the DC-8. In 1956, Air India, <a href="/wiki/BOAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BOAC">BOAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lufthansa" title="Lufthansa">Lufthansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a>, and TWA added over 50 to the 707 order book, while Douglas sold 22 DC-8s to Delta, Swissair, TAI, <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Air_Lines" title="Trans-Canada Air Lines">Trans Canada</a>, and UAT. By the start of 1958, Douglas had sold 133 DC-8s compared to Boeing's 150 707s.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_13_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_and_testing">Production and testing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production and testing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-11,_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Douglas_DC-8-11%2C_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-11%2C_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Douglas_DC-8-11%2C_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-11%2C_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Douglas_DC-8-11%2C_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-11%2C_Douglas_Aircraft_Company_JP6839055.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>An early DC-8-10 in Douglas livery, 1959. The DC-8 first flew on May 30, 1958, and was certificated in August 1959.</figcaption></figure> <p>Donald Douglas proposed to build and test the DC-8 at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica_Airport" title="Santa Monica Airport">Santa Monica Airport</a>, which had been the birthplace of the DC-3 and home to a Douglas plant that employed 44,000 workers during World War II. To accommodate the new jet, Douglas asked the city of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica,_California" title="Santa Monica, California">Santa Monica, California</a> to lengthen the airport's 5,000-foot (1,500-meter) runway. Following complaints by neighboring residents, the city refused, so Douglas moved its airliner production line to <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Airport" title="Long Beach Airport">Long Beach Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_1314_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_1314-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1956, production of the first prototype commenced.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_13_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_13-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first DC-8 <i>N8008D</i> was rolled out of the new <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a> factory on 9 April 1958 and flew for the first time, in Series 10 form, on 30 May for two hours and seven minutes with the crew being led by A.G. Heimerdinger.<sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_9_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later that year, an enlarged version of the Comet finally returned to service, but had arrived too late to secure a substantial portion of the market: de Havilland secured just 25 orders. In August, Boeing had begun delivering 707s to Pan Am. Douglas made a massive effort to close the gap with Boeing, using no fewer than ten aircraft for flight testing to achieve <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) certification for the first of the many DC-8 variants in August 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_14_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_14-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several modifications proved to be necessary: the original <a href="/wiki/Air_brake_(aeronautics)" title="Air brake (aeronautics)">air brakes</a> on the lower rear fuselage were found to be ineffective and were deleted as engine <a href="/wiki/Thrust_reverser" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrust reverser">thrust reversers</a> had become available; unique <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slot">leading-edge slots</a> were added to improve low-speed lift; the prototype was 25 kn (46 km/h) short of its promised cruising speed and a new, slightly larger wingtip had to be developed to reduce <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)#Aerodynamics" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>. Also, a recontoured wing <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge" title="Leading edge">leading edge</a> was later developed to extend the chord 4% and reduce drag at high Mach numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_1416_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_1416-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 21, 1961, a DC-8 broke the <a href="/wiki/Sound_barrier" title="Sound barrier">sound barrier</a> at Mach 1.012 (660 mph/1,062 km/h) while in a controlled dive through 41,000 feet (12,497 m) and maintained that speed for 16 seconds. The flight was to collect data on a new leading edge design for the wing, and, while doing so, the DC-8 became the first civilian jet – and the first jet airliner – to make a supersonic flight.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The aircraft was DC-8-43 registered as <i>CF-CPG</i>, later delivered to <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Air_Lines" title="Canadian Pacific Air Lines">Canadian Pacific Air Lines</a>. The aircraft, crewed by Captain William Magruder, First Officer Paul Patten, Flight Engineer Joseph Tomich and Flight Test Engineer Richard Edwards, took off from <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a> in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> and was accompanied to altitude by a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_F-104_Starfighter" title="Lockheed F-104 Starfighter">F-104 Starfighter</a> supersonic chase aircraft flown by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Yeager" title="Chuck Yeager">Chuck Yeager</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-zieh_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zieh-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entry_into_service">Entry into service</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Entry into service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-51_N821E_DL_MIA_07.02.71_edited-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>The DC-8 entered service with <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> on September 18, 1959.</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 18, 1959, the DC-8 entered service with Delta Air Lines and United Airlines.<sup id="cite_ref-Flight18nov1960_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flight18nov1960-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_16_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_16-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Delta Air Lines website, the air carrier was the first to operate the DC-8 in scheduled passenger service.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By March 1960, Douglas had reached its planned production rate of eight DC-8s per month. Despite a large number of DC-8 early models being available, all used the same basic airframe, differing only in engines, weights and details; in contrast, the rival <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> range offered several fuselage lengths and two wingspans: the original 144-foot (44 m) 707-120, a 135-foot (41 m) version that sacrificed space to gain longer range, and the stretched 707-320, which at 153 feet (47 m) overall had 10 feet (3.0 m) more cabin space than the DC-8.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Douglas' refusal to offer different fuselage sizes made it less adaptable and compelled airlines such as Delta and United to look elsewhere for short to medium range types. Delta ordered <a href="/wiki/Convair_880" title="Convair 880">Convair 880s</a> while United chose the newly developed short-fuselage 707-020. United prevailed on Boeing to rename the new variant the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_720" title="Boeing 720">Boeing 720</a> in case the public thought they were dissatisfied with the DC-8. Pan Am never reordered the DC-8 and Douglas gradually lost market share to Boeing.<sup id="cite_ref-eden_82_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eden_82-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1962, DC-8 sales dropped to just 26 aircraft that year, followed by 21 in 1963 and 14 in 1964; many of these later deliveries were of the Jet Trader model rather than the more-prestigious passenger versions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1967, Douglas merged with <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="McDonnell Aircraft">McDonnell Aircraft</a>, becoming <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTmerger_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTmerger-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_36_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_36-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Further_developments">Further developments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further developments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-60_Prototype.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Announced in April 1965, the DC-8 Super 61 was stretched by 36.7 ft (11.2 m).</figcaption></figure> <p>During the early 1960s, Douglas began considering stretching the DC-8, a feat that was eased by its fuselage keeping the same dimensions across its length.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_17_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_17-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1965, the company announced belated fuselage stretches for the DC-8 with three new models known as the <i>Super Sixties</i>. The DC-8 program had been in danger of closing with fewer than 300 aircraft sold, but the Super Sixties brought fresh life to it. By the time production of the DC-8 ceased in 1972, 262 of the Super Sixties had been completed, almost half of all models produced. With the ability to seat 269 passengers, the DC-8 Series 61 and 63 had the largest passenger-carrying capacity available. That remained so until the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> arrived in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_17_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_17-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-anderton_78_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderton_78-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DC-8-62 featured a shorter fuselage when compared with the Series 61 and 63, but was capable of nonstop long-range operations.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_1718_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_1718-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All of the earlier jetliners were relatively noisy by modern standards. Increasing traffic densities and changing public attitudes led to complaints about aircraft noise and moves to introduce restrictions.<sup id="cite_ref-eden_89_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eden_89-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As early as 1966 the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a> expressed concern about the noise to be expected from the then still-unbuilt DC-8-61, and operators had to agree to operate it from New York at lower weights to reduce noise. By the early 1970s, legislation for aircraft noise standards was being introduced in many countries, and the 60 Series DC-8s were particularly at risk of being banned from major airports.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_(7175889271).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_%287175889271%29.jpg/220px-N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_%287175889271%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_%287175889271%29.jpg/330px-N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_%287175889271%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_%287175889271%29.jpg/440px-N817NA_Douglas_DC-8_NASA_%287175889271%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1320" /></a><figcaption>From the late 1970s, the Super 70s were re-engined with larger, more efficient <a href="/wiki/CFM56" class="mw-redirect" title="CFM56">CFM56s</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1970s, several airlines approached McDonnell Douglas with requests for noise reduction modifications to their DC-8s. While third parties had developed aftermarket <a href="/wiki/Hush_kit" title="Hush kit">hushkits</a>, there was initially no meaningful action taken by Douglas to fulfil these requests and effectively enable the DC-8 to remain in service. Finally, in 1975, <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> began discussions with major airlines to fit the new and vastly-quieter Franco-American <a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">CFM56</a> engine to both DC-8s and 707s. MDC remained reluctant but eventually came on board in the late 1970s and helped develop the Series 70.<sup id="cite_ref-fi_cammacorp_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fi_cammacorp-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Super Seventies proved to be a great success, being roughly 70% quieter than the 60 Series and, at the time of their introduction, the world's quietest four-engined airliner. As well as being quieter and more powerful, the CFM56 was up to 23% more fuel-efficient than the JT3D, which reduced operating costs and extended the range.<sup id="cite_ref-fi_cammacorp_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fi_cammacorp-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest single customer for the Series 70 was United, converting 29 of its Series 61 airliners at a reported cost of $400 million.<sup id="cite_ref-norriswagner_4_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norriswagner_4-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2002, of the 1,032 <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707s</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boeing_720" title="Boeing 720">720s</a> manufactured for commercial use, just 80 remained in service – though many of those 707s were converted for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">USAF</a> use, either in service or for spare parts. Of the 556 DC-8s made, around 200 were still in commercial service in 2002, including about 25 50-Series, 82 of the stretched 60-Series, and 96 out of the 110 re-engined 70-Series. Most of the surviving DC-8s are now used as freighters. In May 2009, 97 DC-8s were in service following <a href="/wiki/United_Parcel_Service" title="United Parcel Service">UPS's</a> decision to retire its remaining fleet of 44.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2013, an estimated 36 DC-8s were in use worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of aging, increasing operating costs and strict noise and emissions regulations, the number of active DC-8s continues to decline, with the youngest airframes passed a half-century of age as of 2024. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_10">Series 10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Series 10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_(7859010756).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_%287859010756%29.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_%287859010756%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_%287859010756%29.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_%287859010756%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_%287859010756%29.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-11_N8002U_%287859010756%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> DC-8-11, powered by <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3C">Pratt & Whitney JT3C</a> turbojets. All -10 series aircraft that survived long enough were converted to other standards.</figcaption></figure> <p>For domestic use,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> powered by 13,500 lb (60.5 kN) <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3C">Pratt & Whitney JT3C</a>-6 turbojets with water injection. First Series 10 DC-8 flew on 30 May 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initial DC-8-11 model had the original wingtips used on the prototype, and all remaining DC-8 Series 10 aircraft were upgraded to DC-8-12 standard. The DC-8-12 featured the new low-drag wingtips and <a href="/wiki/Leading_edge_slot" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading edge slot">leading-edge slots</a>, 80 inches long between the engines on each wing and 34 inches long inboard of the inner engines. These unique devices were covered by doors on the upper and lower wing surfaces that opened for low-speed flight and closed for cruise. The maximum weight increased from 265,000 to 273,000 pounds (120,200 to 123,800 kg). This model was originally named "DC-8A" until the series 30 was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-douglas_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-douglas-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 30 DC-8-10s were built: 23 for United and six for Delta, plus the prototype. By the mid-sixties, United had converted 16 of its 21 surviving aircraft to DC-8-20 standard and the other five to -50s. Delta converted its six to DC-8-50s. The prototype was itself also converted to a DC-8-50.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It received <a href="/wiki/FAA_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA certification">FAA certification</a> on 31 August 1958, entering service with <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a> on 18 September 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_20">Series 20</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Series 20"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg/220px-Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg/330px-Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg/440px-Air_Spain_Douglas_DC-8-21EC-BXR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Air_Spain" title="Air Spain">Air Spain</a> DC-8-21, powered by <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT4A" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT4A">Pratt & Whitney JT4A</a> turbojets, like the heavier Series 30</figcaption></figure> <p>Higher-powered 15,800 lb (70.8 kN) thrust <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT4A" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT4A">Pratt & Whitney JT4A</a>-3 turbojets<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (without water injection) allowed a weight increase to 276,000 pounds (125,190 kg). 33 DC-8-20s were built plus 16 converted DC-8-10s.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This model was originally named "DC-8B" but was renamed when the Series 30 was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-douglas_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-douglas-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first Series 20 DC-8 flew on 29 November 1958 and received FAA certification on 19 January 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_30">Series 30</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Series 30"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg/220px-SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg/330px-SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg/440px-SAS_Douglas_DC-8-32_Soderstrom-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="851" /></a><figcaption>A Douglas DC-8-32 of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Airlines" title="Scandinavian Airlines">SAS</a></figcaption></figure> <p>For intercontinental routes, the three Series 30 variants combined JT4A engines with a one-third increase in fuel capacity and strengthened fuselage and landing gear.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DC-8-31 was certified in March 1960 with 16,800 lb (75.2 kN) JT4A-9 engines for 300,000-pound (136,080 kg) maximum takeoff weight. The DC-8-32 was similar but allowed 310,000-pound (140,600 kg) weight. The DC-8-33 of November 1960 substituted 17,500 lb (78.4 kN) JT4A-11 turbojets, a modification to the flap linkage to allow a 1.5° setting for more efficient cruise, stronger landing gear, and 315,000-pound (142,880 kg) maximum weight. Many -31 and -32 DC-8s were upgraded to this standard. A total of 57 DC-8-30s were produced (five of which were later upgraded to DC-8-50 standard).<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Series 30 DC-8 first flew on 21 February 1959 and received FAA certification on 1 February 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_40">Series 40</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Series 40"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-42_CF-TJE_TCA_LAP_23.06.62_edited-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>-42 of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Canada_Air_Lines" title="Trans-Canada Air Lines">Trans-Canada Air Lines</a>, powered by <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Conway" title="Rolls-Royce Conway">Rolls-Royce Conway</a> turbofans</figcaption></figure> <p>The DC-8-40 was essentially the -30 but with 17,500 lb (78.4 kN) <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Conway" title="Rolls-Royce Conway">Rolls-Royce Conway</a> 509 <a href="/wiki/Turbofan" title="Turbofan">turbofan</a> engines for better efficiency, less noise and less smoke. The Conway was an improvement over the turbojets that preceded it, but the Series 40 sold poorly because of the traditional reluctance of U.S. airlines to buy a foreign product and because the still-more-advanced <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">Pratt & Whitney JT3D</a> turbofan was due in early 1961. The DC-8-41 and DC-8-42 had weights of 300,000 and 310,000 pounds (140,000 and 140,000 kg) respectively, the 315,000-pound (142,880 kg) DC-8-43 had the 1.5° flap setting of the -33 and introduced a 4% leading-edge wing extension to reduce drag and increase fuel capacity slightly – the new wing improved range by 8%, lifting capacity by 6,600 lb (3 metric tons), and cruising speed by better than 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). It was used on all later DC-8s. The first DC-8-40 was delivered in 1960; 32 were built (of which three would eventually be converted to DC-8-50s).<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Series 40 DC-8 first flew on 23 July 1959 and received FAA certification on 24 March 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Series_50">Series 50</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Series 50"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader,_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader%2C_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader%2C_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader%2C_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader%2C_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader%2C_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-55CF_Jet_Trader%2C_KLM_-_Royal_Dutch_Airlines_AN1811637.jpg 2x" data-file-width="930" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Airlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Dutch Airlines">KLM</a> DC-8-55CF powered by <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">Pratt & Whitney JT3D</a> turbofans</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_(8435059326).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_%288435059326%29.jpg/220px-USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_%288435059326%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_%288435059326%29.jpg/330px-USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_%288435059326%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_%288435059326%29.jpg/440px-USN_DC-8_C-24_EC-24_%288435059326%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption>The unique EC-24A <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> trainer of the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The definitive short-fuselage DC-8 came with the same engine that powered the vast majority of 707s, the <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">JT3D</a>. Twenty earlier DC-8s were converted to this standard. All but the -55 were certified in 1961. The DC-8-51, DC-8-52 and DC-8-53 all had 17,000 lb (76.1 kN) JT3D-1 or 18,000 lb (80.6 kN) JT3D-3B engines, varying mainly in their weights: 276,000 pounds (125,200 kg), 300,000 pounds (136,100 kg) and 315,000 pounds (142,900 kg) respectively. The DC-8-55 arrived in June 1964, retaining the JT3D-3B engines but with strengthened structure from the freighter versions and 325,000-pound (147,420 kg) maximum weight. 142 DC-8-50s were built plus the 20 converted from Series 10/30/40.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Series 50 first flew on 20 December 1960 and received FAA certification on 1 May 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_44-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>DC-8 Jet Trader</b>: Douglas approved the development of freighter versions of the DC-8 in May 1961, based on the Series 50. An original plan to fit a fixed bulkhead separating the forward <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">2</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> of the cabin for freight, leaving the rear cabin for 54 passenger seats was soon replaced by a more practical one to use a movable bulkhead and allow anywhere between 25 and 114 seats with the remainder set aside for cargo. A large cargo door was fitted into the forward fuselage, the cabin floor was reinforced and the rear pressure bulkhead was moved by nearly 7 feet (2.1 m) to make more space. Airlines could order a windowless cabin but only United did, ordering 15 in 1964. The DC-8F-54 had a maximum takeoff weight of 315,000 pounds (142,880 kg) and the DC-8F-55 325,000 pounds (147,420 kg). Both used 18,000 lb (80.6 kN) JT3D-3B powerplants. 62 aircraft built (plus one converted from a standard DC-8-50 and two of the three converted DC-8-40s).<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>EC-24A</b>: A single former United Airlines DC-8-54 (F) was used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> as an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare" title="Electronic warfare">electronic warfare</a> training platform. It was retired in October 1998 and is now in storage with the <a href="/wiki/309th_Aerospace_Maintenance_and_Regeneration_Group" title="309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group">309th Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Group</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Super_60_Series">Super 60 Series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Super 60 Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg/220px-United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg/330px-United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg/440px-United_DC-8_N8099U_descents_using_its_thrust_reversers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>The 187 ft 4 in (57.10 m) long DC-8-61 was introduced by <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> in February 1967.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_(26834758996).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_%2826834758996%29.jpg/220px-Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_%2826834758996%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_%2826834758996%29.jpg/330px-Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_%2826834758996%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_%2826834758996%29.jpg/440px-Swissair_McDonnell_Douglas_DC-8-62_HB-IDI_%22Solothurn%22_%2826834758996%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>The extended-range 157 ft 5 in (47.98 m) long DC-8-62 followed suit in April 1967.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>DC-8 Series 61</b>: The "Super DC-8" Series 61 was designed for high capacity and medium range. It had the same wings, engines and pylons as the -55, and sacrificed range to gain capacity. Having decided to stretch the DC-8, Douglas inserted a 240-inch (6.1 m) plug in the forward fuselage and a 200-inch (5.1 m) plug aft, taking overall length to 187 feet 4 inches (57.10 m). The added length required strengthening of the structure, but the basic DC-8 design already had sufficient ground clearance to permit the one-third increase in cabin size without requiring longer landing gear.<sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The variant first flew on March 14, 1966, and was certified on September 2, 1966, at a maximum weight of 325,000 pounds (147,420 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-jawa66_p231-3_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jawa66_p231-3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deliveries began in January 1967 and it entered service with <a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> in February 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It typically carried 180–220 passengers in mixed-class configuration, or 259 in high-density configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cargo door equipped DC-8-61CF was also available. 78 -61s and 10 -61CFs were built.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>DC-8 Series 62</b>: The long-range Series 62 followed in April 1967. It had a more modest stretch, two 40-inch (1.0 m) plugs fore and aft of the wing taking overall length to 157 feet 5 inches (47.98 m), and a number of modifications to provide greater range. 3 feet (0.91 m) wingtip extensions reduced drag and added fuel capacity, and Douglas redesigned the engine pods, extending the pylons and substituting new shorter and neater nacelles, all in the cause of drag reduction. The 18,000 lb JT3D-3B was retained but the engine pylons were redesigned to eliminate their protrusion above the wing and make them sweep forward more sharply, so that the engines were some 40 inches (1.0 m) further forward. The engine pods were also modified with a reduction in diameter and the elimination of the <span class="nowrap">-50</span> and <span class="nowrap">-61</span> bypass duct. The changes all improved the aircraft's aerodynamic efficiency. The DC-8 Series 62 is slightly heavier than the <span class="nowrap">-53</span> or <span class="nowrap">-61</span> at 335,000 pounds (151,953 kg), and is able to seat up to 189 passengers. The <span class="nowrap">-62</span> had a range with full payload of about 5,200 nautical miles (9,600 km; 6,000 mi); roughly the same as the <span class="nowrap">-53</span>, but with 40 extra passengers. Many late production <span class="nowrap">-62s</span> had 350,000 pounds (158,760 kg) maximum takeoff weight and were known as the <span class="nowrap">-62H</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also available were the cargo door-equipped convertible <span class="nowrap">-62CF</span> or all cargo <span class="nowrap">-62AF</span>. Production included 51 DC-8-62s, 10 <span class="nowrap">-62CFs</span>, and 6 <span class="nowrap">-62AFs</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>DC-8 Series 63</b>: The "Super DC-8" Series 63 was the final new-build variant and entered service in June 1968. It had the long fuselage of the <span class="nowrap">-61</span>, the aerodynamic refinements and increased fuel capacity of the <span class="nowrap">-62</span> and 19,000 lb (85.1 kN) JT3D-7 engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed a maximum takeoff weight of 350,000 pounds (158,760 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the <span class="nowrap">-62</span>, the Series 63 was also available as a cargo door equipped <span class="nowrap">-63CF</span> or all cargo <span class="nowrap">-63AF</span>. The freighters had a further increase in Maximum Take Off Weight to 355,000 pounds (161,030 kg). <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a> bought six <span class="nowrap">-63PFs</span> which incorporated the strengthened floor of the freighters but lacked the main deck cargo door. Production included 41 DC-8-63s, 53 <span class="nowrap">-63CF</span>, 7 <span class="nowrap">-63AF</span>, and 6 <span class="nowrap">-63PFs</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Flying_Tiger_Line" title="Flying Tiger Line">Flying Tiger Line</a> was a major early customer for the DC-8-63F.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Super_70_Series">Super 70 Series</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Super 70 Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8-71,_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Douglas_DC-8-71%2C_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8-71%2C_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Douglas_DC-8-71%2C_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg/330px-Douglas_DC-8-71%2C_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Douglas_DC-8-71%2C_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg/440px-Douglas_DC-8-71%2C_Delta_Air_Lines_AN0497676.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>Refitted with <a href="/wiki/CFM56" class="mw-redirect" title="CFM56">CFM56</a> turbofans, the Super 70s were certified in 1982.</figcaption></figure> <p>The DC-8-71, DC-8-72, and DC-8-73 were straightforward conversions of the -61, -62 and -63 primarily involving the replacement of the JT3D engines with the more fuel-efficient <a href="/wiki/CFM_International_CFM56" title="CFM International CFM56">CFM International CFM56</a>-2, a <a href="/wiki/High_bypass_turbofan" class="mw-redirect" title="High bypass turbofan">high bypass turbofan</a>, which produced 22,000 lbf (98.5 kN) of thrust. The conversions also includes new nacelles and pylons built by <a href="/wiki/Grumman_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="Grumman Aerospace">Grumman Aerospace</a>. Maximum takeoff weights remained the same, but there was a slight reduction in payload because of the heavier engines. Modifications to create the -71 was more involved because the -61 did not have the improved wings and relocated engines of the -62 and -63. </p><p>All three models were certified in 1982 and a total of 110 60-series Super DC-8s were converted by the time the program ended in 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-rzjets_46-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DC-8 series 70 conversions were overseen by Cammacorp with CFMI, McDonnell Douglas, and Grumman Aerospace as partners. Cammacorp was disbanded after the last aircraft was converted.<sup id="cite_ref-fi_cammacorp_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fi_cammacorp-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Douglas_DC-8_operators" title="List of Douglas DC-8 operators">List of Douglas DC-8 operators</a></div> <p>As of January 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, two DC-8s are in commercial service with Congolese cargo airline <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trans_Air_Cargo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trans Air Cargo (page does not exist)">Trans Air Cargo</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These are DC-8-62s (9S-AJG and 9S-AJO).<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the U.S, the DC-8 has been retired from commercial service entirely; only one example maintains active registration (with one flying). <a href="/wiki/Samaritan%27s_Purse" title="Samaritan's Purse">Samaritan's Purse</a> (a faith-based humanitarian relief organization) has operated a DC-8-72 Combi (acquired from <a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_International" title="Air Transport International">Air Transport International</a>) since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> retired N817NA, a DC-8-72 flying laboratory that has supported research in meteorology, oceanography, geography, and various other scientific disciplines since 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA is to replace the DC-8 with a more capable and fuel-efficient <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777-200ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 777-200ER">Boeing 777-200ER</a>. The DC-8 was donated to <a href="/wiki/Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a> and is preserved at <a href="/wiki/Pocatello_Regional_Airport" title="Pocatello Regional Airport">Pocatello Regional Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accidents_and_incidents">Accidents and incidents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Accidents and incidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_the_Douglas_DC-8" title="List of accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8">List of accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-8</a></div> <p>As of October 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the DC-8 had been involved in 146 incidents,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 84 <a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">hull-loss accidents</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with 2,255 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DC-8 has also been involved in 46 <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_hijacking" title="Aircraft hijacking">hijackings</a> with 2 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The deadliest incident involving the DC-8 was <a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120" title="Nigeria Airways Flight 2120">Nigeria Airways Flight 2120</a> which crashed on July 11, 1991, with 261 fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aircraft_on_display">Aircraft on display</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Aircraft on display"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following museums have DC-8s on display or in storage: </p> <ul><li>The forward section of a DC-8-32 operated by Japan Airlines, <i>Fuji</i>, is on display at <a href="/wiki/Haneda_Airport" title="Haneda Airport">Haneda Airport</a>, Tokyo. The first jet airliner used by the airline, it was retired from service in 1974 for use as a cockpit trainer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>45280 – DC-8-21 on display at the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Aviation_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Aviation Museum">Chinese Aviation Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Datangshan" title="Datangshan">Datangshan, China</a>. It is an ex-<a href="/wiki/United_Airlines" title="United Airlines">United Airlines</a> aircraft formerly used as a flying eye hospital by <a href="/wiki/ORBIS_International" class="mw-redirect" title="ORBIS International">ORBIS International</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>45570 – DC-8-33 on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Air" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée de l'Air">Musée de l'Air</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Le_Bourget_Airport" title="Paris–Le Bourget Airport">Paris–Le Bourget Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris, France">Paris, France</a>. It is an ex-<a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> electronic warfare aircraft and has been on display since its retirement in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>45850 – DC-8-52 on display at the <a href="/wiki/California_Science_Center" title="California Science Center">California Science Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Park_(Los_Angeles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exposition Park (Los Angeles)">Exposition Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles, California</a>. It is an ex-United Airlines aircraft and is on display outside near Downtown LA.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>45922 – DC-8-62CF on display at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Museum_Barbers_Point" title="Naval Air Museum Barbers Point">Naval Air Museum Barbers Point</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kalaeloa_Airport" title="Kalaeloa Airport">Kalaeloa Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kapolei,_Hawaii" title="Kapolei, Hawaii">Kapolei, Hawaii</a> since 2013, ex-Air Transport International.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>46022 – DC-8-62AF on display at <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda_International_Airport" title="Kenneth Kaunda International Airport">Kenneth Kaunda International Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka">Lusaka</a>. It was operated as a freighter by <a href="/wiki/MK_Airlines" title="MK Airlines">MK Airlines</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>46160 – DC-8-61 on display at the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Aerospace_Enthusiasts_Center" title="Shanghai Aerospace Enthusiasts Center">Shanghai Aerospace Enthusiasts Center</a>, ex-Japan Airlines. The aircraft was placed on display after being involved in an accident as <a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Lines_Flight_792" title="Japan Air Lines Flight 792">Japan Air Lines Flight 792</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>46082 - DC-8-72 on display at <a href="/wiki/Pocatello_Regional_Airport" title="Pocatello Regional Airport">Pocatello Regional Airport</a>, ex <a href="/wiki/Alitalia" title="Alitalia">Alitalia</a> and formerly used by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption>DC-8-10/20/30/40/50,<sup id="cite_ref-Flight1961_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flight1961-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DC-8-43/55/61/62/63/71/72/73<sup id="cite_ref-acap_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acap-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Variant </th> <th>-10/20/30</th> <th>-40/43/50/55</th> <th>-61/71</th> <th>-63/73</th> <th>-62/72 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cockpit crew </td> <td colspan="5">Three </td></tr> <tr> <td>Passengers </td> <td>177</td> <td>-40/43: 177, -50/55: 189</td> <td colspan="2">259</td> <td>189 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max. cargo </td> <td colspan="2">1,390 cu ft (39 m<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td colspan="2">2,500 cu ft (71 m<sup>3</sup>)</td> <td>1,615 cu ft (45.7 m<sup>3</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wingspan </td> <td colspan="3">142.4 ft (43.4 m) </td> <td colspan="2">148.4 ft (45.2 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Length </td> <td colspan="2">150.7 ft (45.9 m) </td> <td colspan="2">187.4 ft (57.1 m) </td> <td>157.5 ft (48.0 m) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fuselage </td> <td colspan="5">outside width: 147 in (373.4 cm), inside width: 138.25 in (351.2 cm) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max. Takeoff <br />Weight (MTOW) </td> <td>-10: 273,000 lb (123.8 t)<br />-20: 276,000 lb (125.2 t)<br />30: 315,000 lb (142.9 t) </td> <td>315,000 lb (142.9 t)<br />-55: 325,000 lb (147.4 t) </td> <td>325,000 lb (147.4 t)<br />-F: 328,000 lb (148.8 t) </td> <td>355,000 lb (161.0 t) </td> <td>350,000 lb (158.8 t)<br />-72F: 335,000 lb (152.0 t) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max. <br />payload </td> <td>-10: 46,103 lb (20.9 t) <br />-20: 43,624 lb (19.8 t) <br />-30: 51,870 lb (23.5 t) </td> <td>52,000 lb (23.6 t)<br />-43: 41,691 lb (18.9 t) </td> <td>-61: 71,899 lb (32.6 t)<br />-71: 60,300 lb (27.4 t) </td> <td>-63: 71,262 lb (32.3 t)<br />-73: 64,800 lb (29.4 t) </td> <td>-62: 51,745 lb (23.5 t)<br />-72: 41,800 lb (19.0 t) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Operating empty <br />weight (OEW) </td> <td>-10: 119,797 lb (54.3 t)<br />-20: 123,876 lb (56.2 t)<br />-30: 126,330 lb (57.3 t) </td> <td>-40/50: 124,800 lb (56.6 t)<br />-43: 136,509 lb (61.9 t)<br />-55: 138,266 lb (62.7 t) </td> <td>-61: 152,101 lb (69.0 t)<br />-71: 163,700 lb (74.3 t) </td> <td>-63: 158,738 lb (72.0 t)<br />-73: 166,200 lb (75.4 t) </td> <td>-62: 143,255 lb (65.0 t)<br />-72: 153,200 lb (69.5 t) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max. fuel </td> <td colspan="3">23,393 US gal (88.6 m<sup>3</sup>), -10/20: 17,550 US gal (66.4 m<sup>3</sup>) </td> <td colspan="2">24,275 US gal (91.9 m<sup>3</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Engines (4x)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>-10: <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3C">P&W JT3C</a> <br />-20/30: <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT4A" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratt & Whitney JT4A">P&W JT4A</a> </td> <td>-40/43: <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Conway" title="Rolls-Royce Conway">RCo.12</a> <br />-50/55: <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">P&W JT3D</a>-3B </td> <td colspan="3">Super 61/62: <a href="/wiki/Pratt_%26_Whitney_JT3D" title="Pratt & Whitney JT3D">P&W JT3D</a>-3B, Super 63: P&W JT3D-7<br />Super 70: <a href="/wiki/CFM56" class="mw-redirect" title="CFM56">CFM56</a>-2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cruise speed </td> <td colspan="5">Mach 0.82 (483 kn; 895 km/h; 556 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Range<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>-10: 3,760 nmi (6,960 km; 4,330 mi) <br />-20: 4,050 nmi (7,500 km; 4,660 mi)<br />-30: 4,005 nmi (7,417 km; 4,609 mi) </td> <td>-40: 5,310 nmi (9,830 km; 6,110 mi) <br />-43: 4,200 nmi (7,800 km; 4,800 mi)<br />-50: 5,855 nmi (10,843 km; 6,738 mi) <br />-55: 4,700 nmi (8,700 km; 5,400 mi) </td> <td>-61: 3,200 nmi (5,900 km; 3,700 mi) <br />-71: 3,500 nmi (6,500 km; 4,000 mi) </td> <td>-63: 4,000 nmi (7,400 km; 4,600 mi) <br />-73: 4,500 nmi (8,300 km; 5,200 mi) </td> <td>-62: 5,200 nmi (9,600 km; 6,000 mi) <br />-72: 5,300 nmi (9,800 km; 6,100 mi) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Freighter versions </th> <th></th> <th>-50/-55</th> <th>-61/71</th> <th>63/73</th> <th>-62/72 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Volume </td> <td> </td> <td>-50: 9,310 cu ft (264 m<sup>3</sup>)<br />-55: 9,020 cu ft (255 m<sup>3</sup>) </td> <td>12,171 cu ft (344.6 m<sup>3</sup>) </td> <td>12,830 cu ft (363 m<sup>3</sup>) </td> <td>9,737 cu ft (275.7 m<sup>3</sup>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Payload </td> <td> </td> <td>-50: 88,022 lb (39.9 t)<br />-55: 92,770 lb (42.1 t) </td> <td>-61: 88,494 lb (40.1 t)<br />-71: 81,300 lb (36.9 t) </td> <td>-63: 119,670 lb (54.3 t)<br />-73: 111,800 lb (50.7 t) </td> <td>-62: 91,440 lb (41.5 t)<br />-72: 90,800 lb (41.2 t) </td></tr> <tr> <td>OEW </td> <td> </td> <td>-50: 130,207 lb (59.1 t)<br />-55: 131,230 lb (59.5 t) </td> <td>-61: 145,506 lb (66.0 t)<br />-71: 152,700 lb (69.3 t) </td> <td>-63: 141,330 lb (64.1 t)<br />-73: 149,200 lb (67.7 t) </td> <td>-62: 138,560 lb (62.8 t)<br />-72: 140,200 lb (63.6 t) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Max PL<br />Range </td> <td> </td> <td>-55: 3,000 nmi (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) </td> <td colspan="2">-61/63: 2,300 nmi (4,300 km; 2,600 mi)<br />-71/73: 2,900 nmi (5,400 km; 3,300 mi) </td> <td>-62: 3,200 nmi (5,900 km; 3,700 mi)<br />-72: 3,900 nmi (7,200 km; 4,500 mi) </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Douglas_DC-8_3-view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Douglas_DC-8_3-view.jpg/220px-Douglas_DC-8_3-view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Douglas_DC-8_3-view.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption>The DC-8 is a low-wing jetliner with a <a href="/wiki/Swept_wing" title="Swept wing">swept wing</a> and four engines.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deliveries">Deliveries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Deliveries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>1959 </th> <th>1960 </th> <th>1961 </th> <th>1962 </th> <th>1963 </th> <th>1964 </th> <th>1965 </th> <th>1966 </th> <th>1967 </th> <th>1968 </th> <th>1969 </th> <th>1970 </th> <th>1971 </th> <th>1972 </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>91 </td> <td>42 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>41 </td> <td>102 </td> <td>85 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>556 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>-10</th> <th>-20</th> <th>-30</th> <th>-40</th> <th>-50</th> <th>-61</th> <th>-62</th> <th>-63</th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>29</td> <td>34</td> <td>57</td> <td>32</td> <td>142</td> <td>88</td> <td>67</td> <td>107 </td> <td>556 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Swissair_Douglas_DC-8_and_Convair_CV-990_at_Z%C3%BCrich_from_above.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2002" /></a><figcaption>A DC-8 (left, engine cowlings open) and a competing <a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-990" class="mw-redirect" title="Convair CV-990">Convair CV-990</a> (right, with distinctive anti-shock bodies on wings' trailing edge)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">McDonnell Douglas DC-9</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">de Havilland Comet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_990_Coronado" title="Convair 990 Coronado">Convair 990 Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-62" title="Ilyushin Il-62">Ilyushin Il-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Y-10" title="Shanghai Y-10">Shanghai Y-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-114" title="Tupolev Tu-114">Tupolev Tu-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_VC10" title="Vickers VC10">Vickers VC10</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jet_airliners" class="mw-redirect" title="List of jet airliners">List of jet airliners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_aircraft" title="List of civil aircraft">List of civil aircraft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">turbofans except JT3C and JT4A turbojets</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">-10/20/30/40/50: max PL, -43/55/Super 60/Super 70: max pax</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dick and Patterson 2010, pp. 134–137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenp174-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-greenp174_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough April 1977, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/2/newsid_2480000/2480339.stm">"On This Day: Comet inaugurates the jet age."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100913071231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/2/newsid_2480000/2480339.stm">Archived</a> September 13, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>BBC News,</i> 2 May 1952. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cookman195207-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cookman195207_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cookman, Aubrey O. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WNwDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA90">"I Rode The First Jet Airliner."</a> <i>Popular Mechanics</i>, July 1952, pp. 90–94. Retrieved 26 April 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-d33-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-d33_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Darling 2001, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“Damage Tolerance in Pressurized Fuselage”, 11th Plantema Memorial Lecture, 14th Symposium of the International Committee on Aeronautical Fatigue (ICAF), New Materials and Fatigue Resistant Aircraft Design, Ottawa, Canada, June 8–12, 1987.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Faith 1996, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_10-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_10_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_10_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_910-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_910_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 9-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderton_78-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_78_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderton_78_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderton 1976, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cook 1991, pp. 212-213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-irving173-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-irving173_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irving 1994, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_1012-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_1012_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 10-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_12-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_12_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_12_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMay2004" class="citation journal cs1">May, Mike (Spring 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100427135402/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2004/4/2004_4_10.shtml">"Gas Stations in the Sky"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_of_Invention_%26_Technology" title="American Heritage of Invention & Technology">Invention & Technology</a></i>. American Heritage Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/2004/4/2004_4_10.shtml">the original</a> on April 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Invention+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Gas+Stations+in+the+Sky&rft.ssn=spring&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fit%2F2004%2F4%2F2004_4_10.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_1213-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_1213_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 12-13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_13-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_13_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_13_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_13_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-new_scientist_50-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-new_scientist_50_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N-J6bTRyAScC&pg=PA50">"Vicker's £163 million turnover".</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> <i>New Scientist</i>, 2(27). 23 May 1957. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0262-4079">0262-4079</a>. p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_112-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eden_112_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eden 2016, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franc_p396-7-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franc_p396-7_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francillon 1982, pp. 396–397.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_9-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_9_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_9_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_76-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eden_76_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eden 2016, p. 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garvey, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/20140224#!&pid=18">"Battled field"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021033951/http://archive.aviationweek.com/issue/20140224#!&pid=18">Archived</a> October 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Aviation_Week_and_Space_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Aviation Week and Space Technology">Aviation Week and Space Technology</a></i>, Vol. 176, No. 6, February 24, 2014, p. 18. (Registration required).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_1314-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_1314_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, pp. 13-14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francillon1979-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francillon1979_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancillon1979" class="citation book cs1">Francillon, Rene J. (1979). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mcdonnelldouglas00fran_0"><i>McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920</i></a></span>. Putnam & Company Ltd. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mcdonnelldouglas00fran_0/page/582">582</a>, 588–589, 590–593, 598. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-00050-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-00050-1"><bdi>0-370-00050-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=McDonnell+Douglas+Aircraft+since+1920&rft.pages=582%2C+588-589%2C+590-593%2C+598&rft.pub=Putnam+%26+Company+Ltd&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-370-00050-1&rft.aulast=Francillon&rft.aufirst=Rene+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmcdonnelldouglas00fran_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norriswagner_14-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-norriswagner_14_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Wagner 1999, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShevell1985" class="citation news cs1">Shevell, R.S. 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Delta Flight Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160814122106/http://www.deltamuseum.org/exhibits/delta-history/aircraft-by-type/jet/douglas-dc-8">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+DC-8+1959-1989&rft.pub=Delta+Flight+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deltamuseum.org%2Fexhibits%2Fdelta-history%2Faircraft-by-type%2Fjet%2Fdouglas-dc-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eden_82-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eden_82_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eden 2016, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTmerger-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTmerger_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1967" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Robert (January 26, 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00E1EF63A58117B93C4AB178AD85F438685F9">"McDonnell and Douglas take a giant step"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605050850/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00E1EF63A58117B93C4AB178AD85F438685F9">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aviation+Week&rft.atitle=DC-8+Operations+in+US+Winding+Down&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft.aulast=Bostick&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviationweek.com%2Fblog%2Fdc-8-operations-us-winding-down&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_44-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1963-1964 -</i> p.202</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-douglas-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-douglas_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norris and Guy 1999, <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2014)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rzjets-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rzjets_46-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rzjets.net/aircraft/?typeid=97">"Douglas DC-8 production list"</a>. <i>rzjets</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191130211226/https://rzjets.net/aircraft/?typeid=97">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rzjets&rft.atitle=Douglas+DC-8+production+list&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frzjets.net%2Faircraft%2F%3Ftypeid%3D97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jawa66_p231-3-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jawa66_p231-3_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor1966" class="citation book cs1">Taylor (1966). <i>Jane's All the World's Aircraft</i>. pp. 231–233.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jane%27s+All+the+World%27s+Aircraft&rft.pages=231-233&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200198.html">"Air Transport"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Flight+International&rft.atitle=Air+Transport&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3022&rft.pages=192&rft.date=1967-02-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fpdfarchive%2Fview%2F1967%2F1967%2520-%25200198.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1967" class="citation magazine cs1">Harrison, Neil (November 23, 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%202257.html">"Commercial Aircraft Survey: DC-8-61"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ch-aviation&rft.atitle=ch-aviation+-+Aircraft+and+Fleet+Lists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch-aviation.com%2Fportal%2Faircraft%2F80576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airliners.net/search?aircraftBasicType=8621&airline=48499">"Samaritan's Purse DC-8"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Airliners.net" title="Airliners.net">Airliners.net</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308234012/https://www.airliners.net/search?aircraftBasicType=8621&airline=48499">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airliners.net&rft.atitle=Samaritan%27s+Purse+DC-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airliners.net%2Fsearch%3FaircraftBasicType%3D8621%26airline%3D48499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airportspotting.com/nasa-retiring-its-dc-8/">"NASA Retiring its DC-8"</a>. January 14, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124221546/https://www.airportspotting.com/nasa-retiring-its-dc-8/">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Retiring+its+DC-8&rft.date=2023-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airportspotting.com%2Fnasa-retiring-its-dc-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-050-DFRC.html">"Fact Sheet: DC-8 Airborne Science Laboratory"</a>. NASA Armstrong. July 9, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115233001/https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/FactSheets/FS-050-DFRC.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet%3A+DC-8+Airborne+Science+Laboratory&rft.pub=NASA+Armstrong&rft.date=2015-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcenters%2Farmstrong%2Fnews%2FFactSheets%2FFS-050-DFRC.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=350">"Douglas DC-8 incidents"</a>. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125042653/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=350">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+DC-8+incidents&rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Fdblist.php%3FType%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=350%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1">"Douglas DC-8 summary"</a>. Aviation Safety Network. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+DC-8+summary&rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Fdblist.php%3Ffield%3Dtypecode%26var%3D350%25%26cat%3D%251%26sorteer%3Ddatekey%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=350">"Douglas DC-8 Accident Statistics"</a>. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125033942/http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=350">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douglas+DC-8+Accident+Statistics&rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Ftype%2Ftype-stat.php%3Ftype%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=350">"DC-8 Statistics"</a>. Aviation Safety Network. October 11, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125033942/http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=350">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DC-8+Statistics&rft.pub=Aviation+Safety+Network&rft.date=2015-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Ftype%2Ftype-stat.php%3Ftype%3D350&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRanter" class="citation web cs1">Ranter, Harro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910711-0">"ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61 C-GMXQ Jeddah-King Abdulaziz International Airport (JED)"</a>. <i>aviation-safety.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230714023729/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910711-0">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aviation-safety.net&rft.atitle=ASN+Aircraft+accident+McDonnell+Douglas+DC-8-61+C-GMXQ+Jeddah-King+Abdulaziz+International+Airport+%28JED%29&rft.aulast=Ranter&rft.aufirst=Harro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faviation-safety.net%2Fdatabase%2Frecord.php%3Fid%3D19910711-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museeairespace.fr/aller-plus-haut/collections/douglas-dc-8-sarigue-f-rafe">"Douglas DC-8 SARIGuE F-RAFE"</a>. <i>Musée de l’Air et de l’Espace</i> (in French). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160923142457/http://www.museeairespace.fr/aller-plus-haut/collections/douglas-dc-8-sarigue-f-rafe/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mus%C3%A9e+de+l%E2%80%99Air+et+de+l%E2%80%99Espace&rft.atitle=Douglas+DC-8+SARIGuE+F-RAFE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museeairespace.fr%2Faller-plus-haut%2Fcollections%2Fdouglas-dc-8-sarigue-f-rafe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://barberspoint.org/douglas-dc-8-62cf">"Douglas DC-8-62CF Construction No. 45922"</a>. <i>Naval Air Museum Barbers Point</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161015103319/http://barberspoint.org/douglas-dc-8-62cf">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naval+Air+Museum+Barbers+Point&rft.atitle=Douglas+DC-8-62CF+Construction+No.+45922&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbarberspoint.org%2Fdouglas-dc-8-62cf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flight1961-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Flight1961_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1961/1961%20-%201712.PDF">"Commercial Aircraft of the World"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight</a></i>. November 23, 1961. pp. 799–836. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911171329/https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1961/1961%20-%201712.PDF">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 11, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Flight&rft.atitle=Commercial+Aircraft+of+the+World&rft.pages=799-836&rft.date=1961-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2FFlightPDFArchive%2F1961%2F1961%2520-%25201712.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acap-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acap_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/dc8.pdf">"Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Boeing. 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225095625/http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/dc8.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airplane+Characteristics+for+Airport+Planning&rft.pub=Boeing&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fcommercial%2Fairports%2Facaps%2Fdc8.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderton1976" class="citation book cs1">Anderton, David A. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nrAeLpAhgmsC"><i>Progress in Aircraft Design Since 1903</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>, Langley Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progress+in+Aircraft+Design+Since+1903&rft.pub=National+Aeronautics+and+Space+Administration%2C+Langley+Research+Center&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Anderton&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnrAeLpAhgmsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook1991" class="citation book cs1">Cook, William H. (1991). <i>The Road To The 707</i>. Society of Automotive Engineers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9629605-0-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-9629605-0-0"><bdi>0-9629605-0-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+To+The+707&rft.pub=Society+of+Automotive+Engineers&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-9629605-0-0&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarling2001" class="citation book cs1">Darling, Kev (2001). <i>De Havilland Comet</i>. Specialty Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58007-036-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58007-036-1"><bdi>1-58007-036-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Havilland+Comet&rft.pub=Specialty+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-58007-036-1&rft.aulast=Darling&rft.aufirst=Kev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDickPatterson2010" class="citation book cs1">Dick, Ron; Patterson, Dan (2010). <i>50 Aircraft That Changed the World</i>. Boston Mills Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55407-658-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55407-658-1"><bdi>978-1-55407-658-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=50+Aircraft+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pub=Boston+Mills+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-55407-658-1&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Dan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEden2016" class="citation book cs1">Eden, Paul E. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=duVgDwAAQBAJ"><i>The World's Most Powerful Civilian Aircraft</i></a>. Rosen Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781499465891" title="Special:BookSources/9781499465891"><bdi>9781499465891</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Most+Powerful+Civilian+Aircraft&rft.pub=Rosen+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781499465891&rft.aulast=Eden&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DduVgDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaith1996" class="citation book cs1">Faith, Nicholas (1996). <i>Black Box: Why Air Safety is no Accident, The Book Every Air Traveller Should Read</i>. Boxtree. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7522-2118-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7522-2118-3"><bdi>0-7522-2118-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Box%3A+Why+Air+Safety+is+no+Accident%2C+The+Book+Every+Air+Traveller+Should+Read&rft.pub=Boxtree&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7522-2118-3&rft.aulast=Faith&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancillon1982" class="citation book cs1">Francillon, René J (1982). <i>Lockheed Aircraft since 1913</i>. Putnam. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-30329-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-30329-6"><bdi>0-370-30329-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lockheed+Aircraft+since+1913&rft.pub=Putnam&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-370-30329-6&rft.aulast=Francillon&rft.aufirst=Ren%C3%A9+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenSwanborough1977" class="citation journal cs1">Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon, eds. (March 1977). "Jet Jubilee (Part 1)". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_International" title="Air International">Air International</a></i>. <b>12</b> (2): 124–131.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+International&rft.atitle=Jet+Jubilee+%28Part+1%29&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=124-131&rft.date=1977-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIrving1994" class="citation book cs1">Irving, Clive (1994). <i>Wide Body: The Making of the Boeing 747</i>. Coronet. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-340-59983-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-340-59983-9"><bdi>0-340-59983-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wide+Body%3A+The+Making+of+the+Boeing+747&rft.pub=Coronet&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-340-59983-9&rft.aulast=Irving&rft.aufirst=Clive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorrisWagner1999" class="citation book cs1">Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xAM5OpUZNswC"><i>Douglas Jetliners</i></a>. Zenith Imprint. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610607162" title="Special:BookSources/9781610607162"><bdi>9781610607162</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+Jetliners&rft.pub=Zenith+Imprint&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781610607162&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxAM5OpUZNswC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittleNashSievers1972" class="citation book cs1">Whittle, John A.; Nash, H.J.; Sievers, Harry (1972). <i>The McDonnell DC-8</i>. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85130-024-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85130-024-3"><bdi>0-85130-024-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+McDonnell+DC-8&rft.place=Tonbridge%2C+Kent%2C+UK&rft.pub=Air-Britain&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-85130-024-3&rft.aulast=Whittle&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.au=Nash%2C+H.J.&rft.au=Sievers%2C+Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Cearley, George Walker. <i>The Douglas DC-8: A Pictorial History</i>. Dallas: G.W. Cearley Jr., 1992.</li> <li>Douglas Aircraft Co. <i>The DC-8 Story</i>. Long Beach, CA: Douglas Aircraft Company, 1972.</li> <li>Douglas Aircraft Co. <i>Douglas DC-8 Maintenance Manual</i>. Long Beach, CA: Douglas Aircraft Company, 1959. OCLC 10621428.</li> <li>Hubler, Richard G. <i>Big Eight: A Biography of an Airplane</i>. New York: Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, 1960.</li> <li>Lundkvist, Bo-Goran. <i>Douglas DC-8</i>. Coral Springs, FL: Lundkvist Aviation Research, 1983. OCLC 62220710.</li> <li>McDonnell-Douglas. <i>The DC-8 Super-Sixty</i>. Long Beach, CA: McDonnell Douglas Corp. Sales Engineering Div., 1968.</li> <li>McDonnell-Douglas. <i>The DC-8 Handbook</i>. Long Beach, CA: McDonnell Douglas Corp. Sales Engineering Div., 1982.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMak2023" class="citation book cs1">Mak, Ron (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RrJCzwEACAAJ"><i>Douglas DC-8</i></a>. Historic Commercial Aircraft Series, Vol 7. Stamford, Lincs, UK: Key Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781802824322" title="Special:BookSources/9781802824322"><bdi>9781802824322</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509202709/https://books.google.com/books?id=RrJCzwEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Douglas+DC-8&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Lincs%2C+UK&rft.series=Historic+Commercial+Aircraft+Series%2C+Vol+7&rft.pub=Key+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781802824322&rft.aulast=Mak&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRrJCzwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Proctor, Jon, Machat, Mike, Kodeta, Craig. <i>From Props to Jets: Commercial Aviation's Transition to the Jet Age 1952–1962</i>. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58007-146-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58007-146-5">1-58007-146-5</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2023" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Geoffrey (April 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airlineratings.com/news/history-of-the-magnificent-dc-8/">"History of the magnificent DC-8"</a>. <i>Airline Ratings</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230509142511/https://www.airlineratings.com/news/history-of-the-magnificent-dc-8/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airline+Ratings&rft.atitle=History+of+the+magnificent+DC-8&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airlineratings.com%2Fnews%2Fhistory-of-the-magnificent-dc-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Vicenzi, Ugo. <i>Early American Jetliners: Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8 and Convair CV880</i>. Osceola, WI: MBI Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0788-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0788-1">0-7603-0788-1</a>.</li> <li>Waddington, Terry. <i>Douglas DC-8</i>. Miami, FL: World Transport Press, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9626730-5-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9626730-5-6">0-9626730-5-6</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Stewart. <i>Airliners of the World</i>. Fyshwick, Australia, ACT: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-44-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-44-7">1-875671-44-7</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Stewart. <i>Boeing 707, Douglas DC-8, and Vickers VC-10</i>. Fyshwick, Australia, ACT: Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd., 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-875671-36-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-875671-36-6">1-875671-36-6</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_DC-8&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" class="extiw" title="commons:Douglas DC-8"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Douglas DC-8</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Douglas_DC-8" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Douglas DC-8">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerard_Frawley" class="citation web cs1">Gerard Frawley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/douglas-dc-8-1020304050/192">"Douglas DC-8-10/20/30/40/50 Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications"</a>. <i>The International Directory of Civil Aircraft</i> – via <a href="/wiki/Airliners.net" title="Airliners.net">Airliners.net</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+International+Directory+of+Civil+Aircraft&rft.atitle=Douglas+DC-8-10%2F20%2F30%2F40%2F50+Aircraft+Technical+Data+%26+Specifications&rft.au=Gerard+Frawley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.airliners.net%2Faircraft-data%2Fdouglas-dc-8-1020304050%2F192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boeing.com/history/products/dc-8.page">Boeing: Historical Snapshot: DC-8 Commercial Transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970707051709/http://www.mdc.com/version2/history/comair3.htm">McDonnell Douglas commercial history page for DC-8 series</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/freighters/DC-8F.pdf">"freighter version"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Boeing. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=freighter+version&rft.pub=Boeing&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boeing.com%2Fresources%2Fboeingdotcom%2Fcompany%2Fabout_bca%2Fstartup%2Fpdf%2Ffreighters%2FDC-8F.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADouglas+DC-8" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">MD-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MD-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">DC-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Never built</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-74_Globemaster" title="Douglas C-74 Globemaster">DC-7 (C-74 derivative)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8_(piston_airliner)" title="Douglas DC-8 (piston airliner)">DC-8 piston airliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">DC-9 (4-engined)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10_Twin" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10 Twin">DC-10 Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_941" title="Bréguet 941">188 / 188E / 210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_2229" title="Douglas 2229">Model 2229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-94X" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-94X">MD-91X / -92X / -94X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-12" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-12">MD-12 / -XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_High_Speed_Civil_Transport" title="McDonnell Douglas High Speed Civil Transport">High Speed Civil Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_119" title="McDonnell 119">McDonnell 119 / 220</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Douglas_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_production_timeline,_1950-2006" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_timeline" title="Template:McDonnell Douglas timeline"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:McDonnell_Douglas_timeline" title="Template talk:McDonnell Douglas timeline"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell_Douglas_timeline" title="Special:EditPage/Template:McDonnell Douglas timeline"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Douglas_and_McDonnell_Douglas_aircraft_production_timeline,_1950-2006" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a> aircraft production timeline, 1950-2006</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="17.54%">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="12.28%">2000s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#B7B258"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">Douglas DC-6</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="18" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-9" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-9">McDonnell Douglas DC-9</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/Boeing_717" title="Boeing 717">MD-95 / B717</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#B7B258"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-7" title="Douglas DC-7">DC-7</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-80" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-80">McDonnell Douglas MD-80</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Douglas DC-8</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#B0D0D0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-90" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-90">MDD MD-90</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="20" style="background-color:#B0D0B0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10" title="McDonnell Douglas DC-10">McDonnell Douglas DC-10</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#B0D0B0"><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11" title="McDonnell Douglas MD-11">MD-11</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold"> <td colspan="19"><span style="background-color:#B7B258; padding: 0 1em"> </span> = Piston-engined </td> <td colspan="19"><span style="background-color:#B0D0D0; padding: 0 1em"> </span> = Narrow-body jet </td> <td colspan="19"><span style="background-color:#B0D0B0; padding: 0 1em"> </span> = Wide-body jet </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Douglas_military_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Douglas_military_aircraft" title="Template:Douglas military aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Douglas_military_aircraft" title="Template talk:Douglas military aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas_military_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Douglas military aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Douglas_military_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> military aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XFD" title="Douglas XFD">XFD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP-48" title="Douglas XP-48">XP-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">P-70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F3D_Skyknight" title="Douglas F3D Skyknight">F3D Skyknight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F4D_Skyray" title="Douglas F4D Skyray">F4D Skyray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F5D_Skylancer" title="Douglas F5D Skylancer">F5D Skylancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F6D_Missileer" title="Douglas F6D Missileer">XF6D Missileer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground attack</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XA-2" title="Douglas XA-2">XA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">A-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">A-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">A-26 Invader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-33" title="Douglas A-33">A-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">A-1 Skyraider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">A-3 Skywarrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">A-4 Skyhawk</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_A-4AR_Fightinghawk" title="Lockheed Martin A-4AR Fightinghawk">A-4AR Fightinghawk</a>/<a href="/wiki/ST_Aerospace_A-4SU_Super_Skyhawk" title="ST Aerospace A-4SU Super Skyhawk">A-4SU Super Skyhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky" title="Douglas AC-47 Spooky">AC-47 "Spooky"</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DT" title="Douglas DT">DT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T2D" title="Douglas T2D">T2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XT3D" title="Douglas XT3D">XT3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_TBD_Devastator" title="Douglas TBD Devastator">TBD Devastator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_SBD_Dauntless" title="Douglas SBD Dauntless">SBD Dauntless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">BD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_BTD_Destroyer" title="Douglas BTD Destroyer">XBTD Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XTB2D_Skypirate" title="Douglas XTB2D Skypirate">XTB2D Skypirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-1_Skyraider" title="Douglas A-1 Skyraider">AD Skyraider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A2D_Skyshark" title="Douglas A2D Skyshark">XA2D Skyshark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-3_Skywarrior" title="Douglas A-3 Skywarrior">A3D Skywarrior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">A4D Skyhawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Y1B-7" title="Douglas Y1B-7">YB-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">YB-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">B-18 Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-19" title="Douglas XB-19">XB-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">XB-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-23_Dragon" title="Douglas B-23 Dragon">B-23 Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">B-26 Invader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-31" title="Douglas XB-31">XB-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-42_Mixmaster" title="Douglas XB-42 Mixmaster">XB-42 Mixmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XB-43_Jetmaster" title="Douglas XB-43 Jetmaster">XB-43 Jetmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-66_Destroyer" title="Douglas B-66 Destroyer">B-66 Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_423" title="Douglas 423">Model 423</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_1211-J" title="Douglas 1211-J">Model 1211-J</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">DB-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">DB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">DB-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_A-17" title="Northrop A-17">DB-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BT" title="Northrop BT">DB-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">DB-73</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">Boston I/II/III/IV/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">Digby I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">Havoc I/II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_BT" title="Northrop BT">DXD1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">O-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">OD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O2D" title="Douglas O2D">O2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-31" title="Douglas O-31">O-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Y1B-7" title="Douglas Y1B-7">O-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-38" title="Douglas O-38">O-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-43" title="Douglas O-43">O-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">YO-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-46" title="Douglas O-46">O-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">O-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_YOA-5" title="Douglas YOA-5">YOA-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_PN" title="Naval Aircraft Factory PN">PD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_T2D" title="Douglas T2D">P2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XP3D" title="Douglas XP3D">P3D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">F-3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-1" title="Douglas C-1">C-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">C-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">YC-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-41A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-47 Skytrain</a> (Dakota I/III/IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-53 Skytrooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-54 Skymaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">C-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-23_Dragon" title="Douglas B-23 Dragon">UC-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-74_Globemaster" title="Douglas C-74 Globemaster">C-74 Globemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">C-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">XC-112/YC-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">XC-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">YC-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-117</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">C-117D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">C-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-124_Globemaster_II" title="Douglas C-124 Globemaster II">C-124 Globemaster II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">YC-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-132" title="Douglas C-132">C-132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-133_Cargomaster" title="Douglas C-133 Cargomaster">C-133 Cargomaster</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9</a> (Nightingale/Skytrain II)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C-24</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">RD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">R2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">R3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">R4D-1/-3/-5/-6/-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">R4D-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">R5D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-26_Invader" title="Douglas A-26 Invader">JD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">R6D</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">CC-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">LXD1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_PD.808" title="Piaggio PD.808">PD.808</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">Skymaster I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gliders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XCG-17" title="Douglas XCG-17">XCG-17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Training aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">BT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_O-2" title="Douglas O-2">BT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XT-30" title="Douglas XT-30">XT-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_World_Cruiser" title="Douglas World Cruiser">World Cruiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_D-558-1_Skystreak" title="Douglas D-558-1 Skystreak">D-558-1 Skystreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_D-558-2_Skyrocket" title="Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket">D-558-2 Skyrocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_X-3_Stiletto" title="Douglas X-3 Stiletto">X-3 Stiletto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF_transports" title="Template:USAF transports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF_transports" title="Template talk:USAF transports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF_transports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF transports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_military_transport_aircraft_designations,_Army/Air_Force_and_Tri-Service_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States <a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">military transport aircraft</a> designations, Army/Air Force and <a href="/wiki/1962_United_States_Tri-Service_aircraft_designation_system" title="1962 United States Tri-Service aircraft designation system">Tri-Service</a> systems</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army/Air Force sequence<br />(1925–1962)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-1" title="Douglas C-1">C-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F.VII" title="Fokker F.VII">C-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">C-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">C-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-10" title="Fokker F-10">C-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-38" title="Sikorsky S-38">C-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-10" title="Fokker F-10">C-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_71" title="Fairchild 71">C-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">C-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Robin" title="Curtiss Robin">C-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">C-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">C-12</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-14" title="Fokker F-14">C-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-14" title="Fokker F-14">C-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-11" title="Fokker F-11">C-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">C-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Monomail" title="Boeing Monomail">C-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_C-19_Alpha" title="Northrop C-19 Alpha">C-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F-32" title="Fokker F-32">C-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">C-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Fleetster" title="Consolidated Fleetster">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Altair" title="Lockheed Altair">C-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_100_Pilgrim" title="Fairchild 100 Pilgrim">C-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Altair" title="Lockheed Altair">C-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">C-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellanca_Aircruiser" title="Bellanca Aircruiser">C-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_S-39" title="Sikorsky S-39">C-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">C-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_T-32_Condor_II" title="Curtiss T-32 Condor II">C-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kreider-Reisner_XC-31" title="Kreider-Reisner XC-31">C-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XC-35" title="Lockheed XC-35">C-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">C-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_10_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 10 Electra">C-37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_12_Electra_Junior" title="Lockheed Model 12 Electra Junior">C-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-41</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-41A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">C-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_17_Staggerwing" title="Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing">C-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_108_Taifun" title="Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun">C-44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">C-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando" title="Curtiss C-46 Commando">C-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-47</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">C-47F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basler_BT-67" title="Basler BT-67">C-47T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky" title="Douglas AC-47 Spooky">AC-47</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando" title="Curtiss C-46 Commando">C-55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">C-56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">C-57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-18_Bolo" title="Douglas B-18 Bolo">C-58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">C-59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">C-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_24" title="Fairchild 24">C-61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_C-62" title="Waco C-62">C-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">C-63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">C-64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout_Skycar" title="Stout Skycar">C-65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">C-66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_B-23_Dragon" title="Douglas B-23 Dragon">C-67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-69_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-69 Constellation">C-69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_DGA-8" title="Howard DGA-8">C-70</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howard_DGA-15" title="Howard DGA-15">C-70B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Executive" title="Spartan Executive">C-71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_C-72" title="Waco C-72">C-72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_247" title="Boeing 247">C-73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-74_Globemaster" title="Douglas C-74 Globemaster">C-74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_307_Stratoliner" title="Boeing 307 Stratoliner">C-75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss-Wright_C-76_Caravan" title="Curtiss-Wright C-76 Caravan">C-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_DC-6" title="Cessna DC-6">C-77</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Airmaster" title="Cessna Airmaster">C-77B–D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_AT-17_Bobcat" title="Cessna AT-17 Bobcat">C-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">C-79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlow_PJC-2" title="Harlow PJC-2">C-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_Reliant" title="Stinson Reliant">C-81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-82_Packet" title="Fairchild C-82 Packet">C-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_J-5" title="Piper J-5">C-83</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piper_J-3_Cub" title="Piper J-3 Cub">C-83A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_J-4" title="Piper J-4">C-83B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">C-84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_9_Orion" title="Lockheed Model 9 Orion">C-85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_24" title="Fairchild 24">C-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_45" title="Fairchild 45">C-88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_H-47" title="Hamilton H-47">C-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luscombe_8" title="Luscombe 8">C-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_Airliner" title="Stinson Airliner">C-91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funk_B" title="Funk B">C-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budd_RB_Conestoga" title="Budd RB Conestoga">C-93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Airmaster" title="Cessna Airmaster">C-94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorcraft_L-2" title="Taylorcraft L-2">C-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_FC-2" title="Fairchild FC-2">C-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter">C-97</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">KC-97</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_314_Clipper" title="Boeing 314 Clipper">C-98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XC-99" title="Convair XC-99">C-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Gamma" title="Northrop Gamma">C-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">C-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rearwin_Sportster" title="Rearwin Sportster">C-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">C-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">C-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XB-15" title="Boeing XB-15">C-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_C-106_Loadmaster" title="Cessna C-106 Loadmaster">C-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout_Skycar" title="Stout Skycar">C-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-108_Flying_Fortress" title="Boeing C-108 Flying Fortress">C-108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_C-87_Liberator_Express" title="Consolidated C-87 Liberator Express">C-109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-5" title="Douglas DC-5">C-110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_14_Super_Electra" title="Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra">C-111</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">C-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_C-46_Commando" title="Curtiss C-46 Commando">C-113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">C-116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">C-117</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">C-117D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-6" title="Douglas DC-6">C-118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-119_Flying_Boxcar" title="Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar">C-119</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_AC-119" title="Fairchild AC-119">AC-119</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_XC-120_Packplane" title="Fairchild XC-120 Packplane">C-120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-121_Constellation" title="Lockheed C-121 Constellation">C-121</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_L-1249_Super_Constellation" title="Lockheed L-1249 Super Constellation">C-121F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-121_Warning_Star" title="Lockheed EC-121 Warning Star">EC-121</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_YC-122_Avitruc" title="Chase YC-122 Avitruc">C-122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-123_Provider" title="Fairchild C-123 Provider">C-123</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_XC-123A" title="Chase XC-123A">C-123A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-124_Globemaster_II" title="Douglas C-124 Globemaster II">C-124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_YC-125_Raider" title="Northrop YC-125 Raider">C-125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_195" title="Cessna 195">C-126</a></li> <li>C-127<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">C-127 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-124_Globemaster_II" title="Douglas C-124 Globemaster II">C-127 (II)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_XC-120_Packplane" title="Fairchild XC-120 Packplane">C-128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_R4D-8" title="Douglas R4D-8">C-129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_C-130J_Super_Hercules" title="Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules">C-130J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_AC-130" title="Lockheed AC-130">AC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_DC-130" title="Lockheed DC-130">DC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-130" title="Lockheed EC-130">EC-130</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lockheed_EC-130H_Compass_Call" title="Lockheed EC-130H Compass Call">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_HC-130" title="Lockheed HC-130">HC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_KC-130" title="Lockheed Martin KC-130">KC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_LC-130" title="Lockheed LC-130">LC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_MC-130" title="Lockheed MC-130">MC-130</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_WC-130" title="Lockheed WC-130">WC-130</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_C-131_Samaritan" title="Convair C-131 Samaritan">C-131</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_NC-131H_Samaritan" title="Convair NC-131H Samaritan">NC-131H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-132" title="Douglas C-132">C-132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-133_Cargomaster" title="Douglas C-133 Cargomaster">C-133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stroukoff_YC-134" title="Stroukoff YC-134">C-134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-135_Stratolifter" title="Boeing C-135 Stratolifter">C-135</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-135_Stratotanker" title="Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker">KC-135</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-123_Provider" title="Fairchild C-123 Provider">C-136</a></li> <li>C-137<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter">YC-137 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">YC-137 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-137_Stratoliner" title="Boeing C-137 Stratoliner">C-137</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-138</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-139</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_JetStar" title="Lockheed JetStar">C-140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">C-141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTV_XC-142" title="LTV XC-142">C-142</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tri-service sequence<br />(1962–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-1_Trader" title="Grumman C-1 Trader">C-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_C-2_Greyhound" title="Grumman C-2 Greyhound">C-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_4-0-4" title="Martin 4-0-4">C-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_I" title="Grumman Gulfstream I">C-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-5_Galaxy" title="Lockheed C-5 Galaxy">C-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_King_Air" title="Beechcraft King Air">C-6</a></li> <li>C-7<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">C-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_7" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 7">RC-7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-5_Buffalo" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo">C-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_C-9" title="McDonnell Douglas C-9">C-9</a></li> <li>C-10<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Jetstream" title="Handley Page Jetstream">C-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_KC-10_Extender" title="McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender">KC-10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_Gulfstream_II" title="Grumman Gulfstream II">C-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_C-12_Huron" title="Beechcraft C-12 Huron">C-12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_RC-12_Guardrail" title="Beechcraft RC-12 Guardrail">RC-12</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-13</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YC-14" title="Boeing YC-14">C-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_YC-15" title="McDonnell Douglas YC-15">C-15</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-16</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">C-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-137_Stratoliner" title="Boeing C-137 Stratoliner">C-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">C-19</a></li> <li>C-20<sup><small>2</small></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_III" title="Gulfstream III">C-20A–D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_IV" title="Gulfstream IV">C-20F–J</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learjet_35" title="Learjet 35">C-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_727" title="Boeing 727">C-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_C-23_Sherpa" title="Short C-23 Sherpa">C-23</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">C-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_VC-25" title="Boeing VC-25">C-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-26_Metroliner" title="Fairchild C-26 Metroliner">C-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeritalia_G.222" title="Aeritalia G.222">C-27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">C-27J</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_404_Titan" title="Cessna 404 Titan">C-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_800" title="Hawker 800">C-29</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-30</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F27_Friendship" title="Fokker F27 Friendship">C-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-32" title="Boeing C-32">C-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_747-400" title="Boeing 747-400">C-33</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-34</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_V" title="Cessna Citation V">C-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_YAL-1" title="Boeing YAL-1">C-36</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_V" title="Gulfstream V">C-37</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G550" title="Gulfstream G550">C-37B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_G100" title="Gulfstream G100">C-38</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-39</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-40_Clipper" title="Boeing C-40 Clipper">C-40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-212_Aviocar" title="CASA C-212 Aviocar">C-41</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-42</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-43</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">C-44</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EADS/Northrop_Grumman_KC-45" title="EADS/Northrop Grumman KC-45">C-45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-46_Pegasus" title="Boeing KC-46 Pegasus">C-46</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revived original sequence<br />(2005–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">C-143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EADS_HC-144_Ocean_Sentry" title="EADS HC-144 Ocean Sentry">C-144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PZL_M28_Skytruck" title="PZL M28 Skytruck">C-145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_328" title="Dornier 328">C-146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_Dash_8" title="De Havilland Canada Dash 8">C-147</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-sequential designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-767" title="Boeing KC-767">C-767</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_880" title="Convair 880">C-880</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">CT-39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_T-43" title="Boeing T-43">CT-43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">CV-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-5_Buffalo" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-5 Buffalo">CV-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Not assigned  •  <sup>2</sup> Assigned to multiple types  •  <sup>3</sup> Unconfirmed</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_transport_aircraft_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thai_transport_aircraft_designations" title="Template:Thai transport aircraft designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thai_transport_aircraft_designations" title="Template talk:Thai transport aircraft designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thai_transport_aircraft_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thai transport aircraft designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_transport_aircraft_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a> transport aircraft designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B.L<br />(Transport)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">B.L.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">B.L.2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basler_BT-67" title="Basler BT-67">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_AC-47_Spooky" title="Douglas AC-47 Spooky">B.JL.2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">B.L.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-123_Provider" title="Fairchild C-123 Provider">B.L.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">B.L.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swearingen_Merlin" title="Swearingen Merlin">B.L.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Arava" title="IAI Arava">B.TL.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">B.L.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Nomad" title="GAF Nomad">B.L.9</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B.L.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737" title="Boeing 737">B.L.11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_737_Classic" title="Boeing 737 Classic">K/Kh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learjet_35" title="Learjet 35">B.TL.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A310" title="Airbus A310">B.L.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeritalia_G.222" title="Aeritalia G.222">B.L.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A319" title="Airbus A319">B.L.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATR_72" title="ATR 72">B.L.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_340" title="Saab 340">B.L.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A320_family" title="Airbus A320 family">B.L.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Superjet_100" title="Sukhoi Superjet 100">B.L.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piaggio_P.180_Avanti" title="Piaggio P.180 Avanti">B.L.20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Armed_Forces_transport_aircraft_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_transport_aircraft" title="Template:Spanish transport aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_transport_aircraft" title="Template talk:Spanish transport aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_transport_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish transport aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Armed_Forces_transport_aircraft_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armed_Forces" title="Spanish Armed Forces">Spanish Armed Forces</a> transport aircraft designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Transporte</i> (R)<br /><small>Transport</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Savoia-Marchetti_SM.81_Pipistrello" title="Savoia-Marchetti SM.81 Pipistrello">T.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">T.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">T.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-54_Skymaster" title="Douglas C-54 Skymaster">T.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-201_Alcot%C3%A1n" title="CASA C-201 Alcotán">T.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-202_Halc%C3%B3n" title="CASA C-202 Halcón">T.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-207_Azor" title="CASA C-207 Azor">T.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_2.111" title="CASA 2.111">T.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_C-119_Flying_Boxcar" title="Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar">T.9 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">T.9 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">T.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">T.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-212_Aviocar" title="CASA C-212 Aviocar">T.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadair_CL-215" title="Canadair CL-215">T.13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-240_family" title="Convair CV-240 family">T.14</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">T.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_50" title="Dassault Falcon 50">T.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">T.17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_900" title="Dassault Falcon 900">T.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA/IPTN_CN-235" title="CASA/IPTN CN-235">T.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_V" title="Cessna Citation V">TR.20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EADS_CASA_C-295" title="EADS CASA C-295">T.21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A310" title="Airbus A310">T.22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Transporte Cisterna</i> (TK)<br /><small>Tanker</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_KC-97_Stratofreighter" title="Boeing KC-97 Stratofreighter">TK.1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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