CINXE.COM

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No need to execute other Javascript if the user is not GDPR/CCPA on subsequent visits. break regionFunctionBlock; } else if ( ( ccpaApplies === 'true' ) || ( ( OTgeolocation.country === 'US' ) && ( OTgeolocation.state === 'CA' ) ) ) { // User is within CCPA region. ccpaHelper(); } else { /* User may be visiting for the first time and we now * need to know if this user is from GDPR or other region. */ gdprHelper(); } } let OTConsentCookieInit = OneTrustGetCookie( 'OptanonConsent' ); let OTConsentGroups = OneTrustGetGroups ( OTConsentCookieInit ); OneTrustGetInitialGroups(); OneTrustSetConsentValues( OTConsentGroups ); /** * Sets a localStorageItem based on its updated value. * */ function setLocalStorageItem( key, value ) { localStorage.setItem( key, value); } /** * Checks presence of query parameter within the URL * Returns true/false depending if it has the word 'regionLog' * and if it's equal to 1. */ function regionLogger() { const queryString = window.location.search; const searchParams = new URLSearchParams( queryString ); return ( ( searchParams.has( 'regionLog' ) ) && ( ( searchParams.get('regionLog') === '1' ) ) ); } /** * Inserts the GDPR stub script. * Then it checks if the user is from a GDPR specific region * using the __tcfapi function which in turn, uses the * getTCData command, which is to retrieve end-user consent * data for IAB purposes, vendors, legitimate interest, publisher * restrictions and more. Calls the gdprUpdateStorage function which is * what sets the localStorage item. */ function gdprHelper() { const tcfApplies = ( localStorage.getItem( 'gdprApplies' ) !== null ) ? localStorage.getItem( 'gdprApplies' ) : false; const gdprLogger = regionLogger(); if ( gdprLogger ) { console.log('gdprHelper helper running'); } // User is a GDPR visitor. if ( ( tcfApplies === true ) || ( typeof __tcfapi === 'function' ) ) { // This will give us a response that the user is within GDPR. __tcfapi('ping', 2, (pingReturn) => { const tcfScriptID = 'tfc-stub'; // We run this only once. if( ( document.getElementById( tcfScriptID ) === null ) && ( true === pingReturn.gdprApplies ) ) { const tcfURL = 'https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/tcf.stub.js'; const tcfScript = document.createElement('script'); tcfScript.async = true; tcfScript.type = 'text/javascript'; tcfScript.src = tcfURL; tcfScript.setAttribute( 'charset', 'UTF-8' ); tcfScript.setAttribute('id', tcfScriptID); const tfcNode = document.getElementById('cmp-stub'); tfcNode.parentNode.insertBefore(tcfScript, tfcNode.nextSibling); } }); gdprUpdateStorage(); } else { // User is not GDPR and not CCPA. So it is from outside. We set a localStorage item for performance. const otherRegionApplies = ( localStorage.getItem( 'otherRegion' ) !== null ) ? localStorage.getItem( 'otherRegion' ) : false; if ( otherRegionApplies === false ) { setLocalStorageItem('otherRegion', true); } } } /** * Updates the storage for GDPR only. It checks that the string has changed and if so, it updates the localStorage * for GDPR. */ function gdprUpdateStorage() { const gdprLogger = regionLogger(); __tcfapi( 'addEventListener' , 2, ( tcData, success ) => { if ( success ) { const gdprString = tcData.tcString; const gdprCurrentString = localStorage.getItem( 'gdprString' ); if( gdprLogger ) { console.log('GDPR applies and is set to:' + gdprString); console.log('GDPRData:'); console.log(tcData); } if ( gdprString !== gdprCurrentString ) { if( gdprLogger ) { console.log('GDPR Consent will change on refresh' ); console.log('Old Value: ' + gdprCurrentString ); console.log('New Value: ' + gdprString ); } setLocalStorageItem('gdprApplies', true); setLocalStorageItem('gdprString', gdprString); } } }); } /** * Inserts the CCPA stub script. * Then on page load, it checks if the user is from a CCPA specific region * using the __uspapi function which in turn, uses the * getUSPData command, which is to retrieve end-user consent * data for IAB purposes, vendors, legitimate interest, publisher * restrictions and more. Calls the ccpaUpdateStorage function which is * what sets the localStorage item. */ function ccpaHelper() { setLocalStorageItem('ccpaApplies', true); const ccpaApplies = ( localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaApplies' ) !== null ) ? localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaApplies' ) : false; const ccpaLogger = regionLogger(); if ( ccpaLogger ) { console.log('ccpaHelper helper running'); } const ccpaScriptID = 'ccpa-stub'; const ccpaURL = 'https://cdn.cookielaw.org/opt-out/otCCPAiab.js'; const ccpaScript = document.createElement('script'); ccpaScript.async = true; ccpaScript.type = 'text/javascript'; ccpaScript.src = ccpaURL; ccpaScript.setAttribute('id', ccpaScriptID); ccpaScript.setAttribute('ccpa-opt-out-ids', 'C0001,C0002,C0003,C0004'); ccpaScript.setAttribute( 'charset', 'UTF-8' ); ccpaScript.setAttribute('ccpa-opt-out-geo', 'ca'); ccpaScript.setAttribute('ccpa-opt-out-lspa', 'true'); const ccpaNode = document.getElementById('cmp-stub'); ccpaNode.parentNode.insertBefore(ccpaScript, ccpaNode.nextSibling); // We update the local Storage Item for CCPA. window.addEventListener("load", function () { if ( typeof __uspapi === "function" ) { ccpaUpdateStorage(); } }); } /** * Updates the storage for CCPA only. It checks that the string has changed and if so, it updates the localStorage * for CCPA. */ function ccpaUpdateStorage() { const ccpaLogger = regionLogger(); __uspapi( 'getUSPData' , 1, ( uspData, success ) => { if ( (success) && ( uspData.uspString !== '1---' ) ) { const ccpaString = uspData.uspString; const ccpaCurrentString = localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaString' ); if( ccpaLogger ) { console.log('USPA applies and is set to:' + ccpaString); console.log('USPA Data: '); console.log(uspData); } if ( ccpaString !== ccpaCurrentString ) { if( ccpaLogger ) { console.log('CCPA Consent will change on refresh' ); console.log('Old Value: ' + ccpaCurrentString ); console.log('New Value: ' + ccpaString ); } setLocalStorageItem('ccpaString', ccpaString); } } }); } // Assign OnetrustActiveGroups to a custom initial variable so we can compare any changes to this data layer. function OneTrustGetInitialGroups() { OptanonWrapperCount = ''; OTinitGroups = OnetrustActiveGroups; // See https://community.cookiepro.com/s/article/UUID-66bcaaf1-c7ca-5f32-6760-c75a1337c226?language=en_US } // Returns the OptanonConsent cookie using its name as a parameter. Not parsed. function OneTrustGetCookie( name ) { const value = `; ${document.cookie}`; const parts = value.split(`; ${name}=`); if (parts.length === 2) { return decodeURIComponent( parts.pop().split(';').shift() ); } return; } // Parses the OptanonConsent Cookie values only. We are interested in the groups (which carry the consent). Returns an object with all the values of said cookie. function OneTrustGetConsentObject( OTcookie ) { let OTConsentObj = {}; OTcookie.split('&').forEach( ( pair ) => { if( pair !== '' ) { let splitpair = pair.split('='); let key = splitpair[0].charAt(0).toLowerCase() + splitpair[0].slice(1).split(' ').join(''); OTConsentObj[key] = splitpair[1]; } }); return OTConsentObj; } // Grabs the OptanonConsent cookie, turns this into an object (using OneTrustGetConsentObject), targets the 'groups' value, turns it into an array, removes the first element of the array. function OneTrustGetGroups ( cookie ) { let OTConsentArr = []; let OTConsentGroupsStr = OneTrustGetConsentObject(cookie).groups; OTConsentArr = OTConsentGroupsStr.split(","); OTConsentArr.shift(); return OTConsentArr; } // Sets the consent values based on the groups paramater, which is an array of consent categories that has been parsed from the OptanonConsent cookie. function OneTrustSetConsentValues( groups ){ // Create a json list with the values of each consent. These values will be updated if the user starts to toggle consent. // We then create a local storage item to read these values in other parts of the theme that require it. Converted to json in case we need to keep adding items. let json_consent = {}; json_consent[ "C0002" ] = groups[0].includes('2:1') ? true : false; json_consent[ "C0003" ] = groups[1].includes('3:1') ? true : false; json_consent[ "C0004" ] = groups[2].includes('4:1') ? true : false; let consent = JSON.stringify( json_consent ); localStorage.setItem( 'consent_one_trust_bdc', consent ); } // OneTrust event listener that fires whenever someone confirms cosent preferences (banner). Optanon.OnConsentChanged( function() { OTinitGroups = OnetrustActiveGroups; let OTConsentCookieChanged = OneTrustGetCookie( 'OptanonConsent' ); let OTConsentGroups = OneTrustGetGroups ( OTConsentCookieChanged ); OneTrustSetConsentValues( OTConsentGroups ); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ot-inserter"> (function() { const otUrl = 'https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js'; const otScript = document.createElement('script'); otScript.async = true; otScript.type = 'text/javascript'; otScript.src = otUrl; otScript.setAttribute('id', 'onetrustSDK'); otScript.setAttribute('charset', 'UTF-8'); otScript.setAttribute('data-domain-script', '1744ffcc-f9fb-436a-97fd-6530afa75829'); const otNode = document.getElementById('ot-inserter'); otNode.parentNode.insertBefore(otScript, otNode.nextSibling); })(); </script> <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <style id="typekit-font-loading"> @import url("https://p.typekit.net/p.css?s=1&k=ewj0jxz&ht=tk&f=12784.12094.12095&a=43290994&app=typekit&e=css"); 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font-display:swap;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-stretch:normal; } </style> <style id="cls-ad-css"> [id="ad_lead1"] { min-height: 50px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { [id="ad_lead1"] { min-height: 90px; } } [id="ad_sectionfront1"], [id="ad_sectionfront2"], [id="ad_articlerail1"], [id="ad_articlerail2"] { position: relative; } [id="ad_sectionfront1"]::before, [id="ad_sectionfront2"]::before, [id="ad_articlerail1"]::before, [id="ad_articlerail2"]::before { content: "Advertisement"; color: #68686d; display: block; font-family:"franklin-gothic-urw-cond"; font-size: .875rem; font-weight: 700; padding-bottom: 0.25rem; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; } .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_sectionfront1"]::before, .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_sectionfront2"]::before, .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_articlerail1"]::before, .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_articlerail2"]::before { display: none; } @media only screen and (min-width: 768px) { .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_sectionfront1"]::before, .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_sectionfront2"]::before, .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_articlerail1"]::before, .m-real-estate-listing__content [id="ad_articlerail2"]::before { display: block; } } .m-advert--600 { height: 600px; } .m-sports-bar { min-height: 59px; } </style> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org" crossorigin /><link rel="preconnect" href="//ads.pubmatic.com" crossorigin /><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com" crossorigin><link rel="preconnect" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" crossorigin /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://use.typekit.net" crossorigin /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://p.typekit.net" crossorigin /><link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin /><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Serif+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" as="style" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Source+Serif+Pro:ital,wght@0,400;0,600;0,700;1,400;1,600;1,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://use.typekit.net/af/f4a030/000000000000000077359dfa/30/d?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3" /><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://use.typekit.net/af/f4a030/000000000000000077359dfa/30/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n4&v=3" /><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://use.typekit.net/af/a2031c/0000000000000000000118b9/27/d?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3" /><link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://use.typekit.net/af/a2031c/0000000000000000000118b9/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7db8877ffa5c0007b8dd865b3bbc383831fe2ea177f62257a9191&fvd=n7&v=3" /><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <script type="text/javascript" id="pwt-inserter"> (function() { window.performance.mark('pwt start'); let setProfile = window.matchMedia('(min-width: 1024px)').matches; const mobileNonGDPR = '12624'; const desktopNonGDPR = '12623'; const mobileGDPR = '12502'; const desktopGDPR = '12501'; let reportingId = ''; function setPWTScript (PWTid) { var url = '//ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwt/159928/' + reportingId; var profileVersionId = ''; var wtads = document.createElement('script'); wtads.async = true; wtads.type = 'text/javascript'; wtads.src = url + profileVersionId + '/pwt.js'; var node = document.getElementById('pwt-inserter'); node.parentNode.insertBefore(wtads, node.nextSibling); window.performance.mark('pwt end'); } let regionLock = false; let otherRegionApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'otherRegion' ); let ccpaApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaApplies' ); let gdprApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'gdprApplies' ); // This check is on subsequent page loads, since the localStorage item // has been already been set. We use a regionLock variable as a lock // to determine whether we need to run a Promise or not. if ( ( 'true' === otherRegionApplies ) || ( 'true' === ccpaApplies ) ){ reportingId = setProfile ? desktopNonGDPR : mobileNonGDPR; regionLock = true; } else if ( 'true' === gdprApplies ) { // It's GDPR, so load GDPR PWT Profile reportingId = setProfile ? desktopGDPR : mobileGDPR; regionLock = true; } // We are unsure what region the first time visitor is, so we need to run // a promise in order to wait until OneTrust is loaded, and two, which // region is this user from? if ( !regionLock ) { // On first load, it is not obvious which region the user is from. const CMPTIMEOUT = 5500; // 1000ms = 1 seconds. // This is the promise callback function, with a SetTimeout that runs every 30ms. function ensureRegionIsSet( CMPTIMEOUT ) { var start = Date.now(); return new Promise( waitForRegion ); // Set the promise object within the ensureRegionIsSet function // waitForRegion makes the decision whether the condition is met // or the timeout has been exceeded which means // this promise will be rejected. function waitForRegion(resolve, reject) { otherRegionApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'otherRegion' ); ccpaApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaApplies' ); gdprApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'gdprApplies' ); // We want OneTrust to be loaded and two, wait until the localStorage item is set to true for any region. if ( ( typeof OptanonWrapper === 'function') && ( ( 'true' === otherRegionApplies ) || ( 'true' === ccpaApplies ) || ( 'true' === gdprApplies ) )) { resolve("Region is determined"); } else if ( CMPTIMEOUT && ( Date.now() - start ) >= CMPTIMEOUT ) { reject( new Error("timeout") ); } else { setTimeout( waitForRegion.bind(this, resolve, reject), 30 ); } } } // This will run the promise. ensureRegionIsSet( CMPTIMEOUT ).then(function(){ // If it's 'other' or CCPA region, load non GDPR PWT profiles. if ( ( 'true' === otherRegionApplies ) || ( 'true' === ccpaApplies ) ) { reportingId = setProfile ? desktopNonGDPR : mobileNonGDPR; setPWTScript(reportingId); } else { // It's GDPR, load PWT Profile with those modules baked in. reportingId = setProfile ? desktopGDPR : mobileGDPR; setPWTScript(reportingId); } }); } else { setPWTScript(reportingId); } })(); </script> <script src="https://www.boston.com/wp-content/themes/bdc-2020/includes/gam/lazy-load-ad.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" type="text/javascript" id="securepubads.g" async></script> <script async src="https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"></script> <script> window.apstag = window.apstag || { init: function() { apstag._Q.push(["i", arguments, (new Date).getTime()]) }, fetchBids: function() { apstag._Q.push(["f", arguments, (new Date).getTime()]) }, setDisplayBids: function() {}, _Q: [] }; </script> <script id="boston-ads" type="text/javascript"> var PWT = {}; var adLazyLoading = false; var googletag = googletag || {}; var gptRan = false; window.initAdserverFlag = false; var FAILSAFE_TIMEOUT = 600; const DYNAMIC_NAME = '/news'; var adSlots = []; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script id="boston-init-adserver" type="text/javascript"> // this function will act as a lock and will call the GPT API function initAdserver(forced) { if((forced === true && window.initAdserverFlag !== true) || (PWT.a9_BidsReceived && PWT.ow_BidsReceived)){ window.initAdserverFlag = true; PWT.a9_BidsReceived = PWT.ow_BidsReceived = false; if( 'undefined' !== typeof AdLazyLoader ) { adLazyLoading = true; var slotsToLazyLoad = []; for ( var prop in window.adSlots ) { if ( window.adSlots.hasOwnProperty( prop ) ) { slotsToLazyLoad.push( window.adSlots[ prop ] ); } } AdLazyLoader.registerSlots( slotsToLazyLoad ); } else { googletag.pubads().refresh(); } } } </script> <script id="boston-init-tam" type="text/javascript"> var initParams = { pubID: '3453', adServer: 'googletag', videoAdServer: 'DFP' }; /* * If we have CCPA user, pass the consent along. */ const ccpaApplies = localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaApplies' ); if( null !== ccpaApplies ) { //This is a CCPA user, pass the consent. let storageCCPA = localStorage.getItem( 'ccpaString' ); initParams.params = { us_privacy: storageCCPA }; } apstag.init(initParams); let slots = []; slots = [ { slotID: 'ad_lead1', sizes: [[728, 90], [970, 90], [320, 50]] }, { slotID: 'ad_articlerail1', sizes: [[300,250], [300,600], [160,600]] }, { slotID: 'ad_articlerail2', sizes: [[300,250], [300,600], [160,600]] }, ]; // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle1' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle1', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 1 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle1', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle1', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle2' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle_video1', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 2 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle_video1', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle_video1', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle3' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle2', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 3 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle2', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle2', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle4' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle3', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 4 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle3', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle3', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle5' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle4', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 5 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle4', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle4', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle6' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle5', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 6 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle5', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle5', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } // Check if is inarticle1 unit. if ( 'ad_inarticle7' === 'ad_inarticle1' ) { // Push multiformat video & display slot. slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle6', mediaType: 'multi-format', multiFormatProperties: { display: { sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }, video: { sizes: [[ 300,400 ]] } } } ); } else if ( 7 === 2 ) { slots.push( { slotID: 'ad_inarticle6', mediaType: 'video', video: { sizes: [[ 1, 1 ], [ 640, 480 ]] } } ); } else { slots.push({ slotID: 'ad_inarticle6', sizes: [[ 728, 90 ], [ 970, 90 ], [ 970, 250 ], [ 300, 250 ], [ 320, 100 ], [ 320, 50 ]] }); } apstag.fetchBids({ slots: slots, timeout: 2e3 // Make Sure this timeout is less than or equal to OpenWrap TimeOut. }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push(function(){ apstag.setDisplayBids(); PWT.a9_BidsReceived = true; initAdserver(false); }); }); </script> <script id="boston-gam" type="text/javascript"> googletag.cmd.push(function() { var leaderMapping = googletag .sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 50], [320, 100], [ 325, 508 ], [ 325, 204 ]]) .addSize([768, 200], [[728, 90], [300,250]]) .addSize([960, 200], [[728, 90], [620, 366], [300, 250]]) .addSize([1280, 200], [[970, 250], [970, 90], [728, 90], [620, 366], [300, 250]]) .build(); var leader1Mapping = googletag .sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], [320, 50]) .addSize([768, 200], [[768, 90], [728, 90]]) .addSize([1050, 200], [[970, 90], [728, 90]]) .build(); var leader2Mapping = googletag .sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], [[300, 250], [320, 100], [320, 50], [ 325, 508 ], [ 325, 204 ]]) .addSize([768, 200], [[728, 90], [300, 250]]) .addSize([1050, 200], [[728, 90], [620, 366], [300, 250]]) .build(); var railMapping = googletag .sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], []) .addSize([768, 200], []) .addSize([1050, 200], [[300, 250], [300, 600], [160,600]]) .build(); var videoMapping = googletag .sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], [[1, 1], [640, 480]]) .addSize([768, 200], [[1, 1], [640, 480]]) .addSize([1050, 200], [[1, 1], [640, 480]]) .build(); adSlots['ad_lead1'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[768, 90], [728, 90], [970, 90], [320, 50]], 'ad_lead1' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['lead1'], ['atf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader1Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_articlerail1'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[300,250], [300,600], [160,600]], 'ad_articlerail1') .setTargeting('pos', [['articlerail1'], ['atf']]) .defineSizeMapping(railMapping) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_articlerail2'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[300,250], [300,600], [160,600]], 'ad_articlerail2') .setTargeting('pos', [['articlerail2'], ['atf']]) .defineSizeMapping(railMapping) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); // Dynamically build the in-article ad definitoins and add to the config definition based off of the number of in-article ads adSlots['ad_inarticle1'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[300,250],[320,100],[320,50]], 'ad_inarticle1' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle1'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader2Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_inarticle_video1'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[1,1],[640,480]], 'ad_inarticle_video1' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle_video1'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( videoMapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_inarticle2'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[300,250],[320,100],[320,50]], 'ad_inarticle2' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle2'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader2Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_inarticle3'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[300,250],[320,100],[320,50]], 'ad_inarticle3' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle3'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader2Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_inarticle4'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[300,250],[320,100],[320,50]], 'ad_inarticle4' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle4'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader2Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_inarticle5'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[300,250],[320,100],[320,50]], 'ad_inarticle5' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle5'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader2Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['ad_inarticle6'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [[728,90],[970,90],[970,250],[300,250],[320,100],[320,50]], 'ad_inarticle6' ) .setTargeting('pos', [['inarticle6'], ['btf']]) .defineSizeMapping( leader2Mapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ); adSlots['nativeteasebot'] = googletag .defineSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, [300,100], 'nativeteasebot') .setTargeting('pos', ['nativeteasebot']) .addService(googletag.pubads()); adSlots['presentedby'] = googletag .defineOutOfPageSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, 'presentedby') .setTargeting('pos', [['presentedby'], ['outofpage']]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); adSlots['oosvideo'] = googletag .defineOutOfPageSlot('/61381659/boston.com' + DYNAMIC_NAME, 'oosvideo') .setTargeting('pos', [['oosvideo'], ['outofpage']]) .addService(googletag.pubads()); // common targetings googletag.pubads() .setTargeting( 'pgtype', 'post' ) .setTargeting( 'authors', 'annie.jonas' ) .setTargeting( 'ptag', 'wickedpedia' ) .setTargeting( 'tag', 'local-news,moving,neighborhoods,real-estate,renting,wickedpedia' ) .setTargeting( 's1', 'boston.com' ) .setTargeting( 's2', 'news' ) .setTargeting( 'pageurl', '_news_wickedpedia_2024_08_28_why-does-everyone-in-boston-move-on-september-1_' ) .setTargeting( 'environment', ['production']) .setTargeting( 'adunblock', ['undefined' !== typeof( window._bcm_il ) ? 'true' : 'false'] ); /* * * BlueConic Reference * https://support.blueconic.com/hc/en-us/articles/115004519689-doubleclick-for-publishers--targeting-only-#adjust-your-google-ad-manager-implementation-code-0-1 * */ if ( typeof Storage !== "undefined" ) { const targetingParamStr = localStorage.getItem("bcDFPTargetingParams"); if ( targetingParamStr ) { const targetingParameters = JSON.parse( targetingParamStr ); targetingParameters.forEach( function( param, index ) { googletag.pubads().setTargeting( param.key, param.value ); }); } } // Register event handlers to observe lazy loading behavior. (this for the QA instructions) googletag.pubads().addEventListener( 'slotRequested', function( event ) { updateSlotStatus( event.slot.getSlotElementId(), 'fetched' ); }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener( 'slotOnload', function( event ) { updateSlotStatus( event.slot.getSlotElementId(), 'rendered' ); }); googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { var size = event.size; if(size === null) return; var slot = event.slot; var slotDiv = document.getElementById(slot.getSlotElementId()); if (size[0] > slotDiv.clientWidth) { slotDiv.style.width = size[0] + 'px'; } if (size[1] > slotDiv.clientHeight) { slotDiv.style.height = size[1] + 'px'; } }); googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); /* The above code is a snippet of code that is used to call the Prebid.js library. */ if( typeof PWT.requestBids === 'function' ) { PWT.requestBids( PWT.generateConfForGPT(googletag.pubads().getSlots()), function(adUnitsArray) { PWT.addKeyValuePairsToGPTSlots(adUnitsArray); PWT.ow_BidsReceived = true; initAdserver(false); } ); } // No need to handle "else" part as we have A9 wrapper on page // OpenWrap code END here setTimeout(function() { initAdserver(true); // calling this function with forced mode set to true so that GPT API is always executed }, FAILSAFE_TIMEOUT); if ( (PWT.a9_BidsReceived && PWT.ow_BidsReceived) && ! adLazyLoading && 'undefined' !== typeof AdLazyLoader ) { // This is a fallback for if prebid has already returned and // attempted to register ads to lazy load before the ads have // all been defined. adLazyLoading = true; var slotsToLazyLoad = []; for ( var prop in window.adSlots ) { if ( window.adSlots.hasOwnProperty( prop ) ) { slotsToLazyLoad.push( window.adSlots[ prop ] ); } } AdLazyLoader.registerSlots( slotsToLazyLoad ); } // Checks that there is a video with ads available in the markup. const hasArcVideo = document.getElementsByClassName( 'a-video' ).length > 0 || ( typeof hasArcVideoPlayerAd !== 'undefined' && hasArcVideoPlayerAd ); /** * =================== * Arc Video * =================== */ if ( hasArcVideo ) { const params = [ 'sz=640x480', `iu=/61381659/boston.com${DYNAMIC_NAME}`, 'gdfp_req=1', 'env=vp', 'output=xml_vast3', 'unviewed_position_start=1', 'description_url=https%3A%2F%2Fboston.com', 'ciu_szs=300x250', `cust_params=${buildCustomParams()}`, ].join('&') window.PoWaSettings = window.PoWaSettings || {}; window.PoWaSettings.advertising = window.PoWaSettings.advertising || {}; if ( typeof hasArcVideoPlayerAd !== 'undefined' && hasArcVideoPlayerAd ) { /** * Calculates the formatted duration of a video in hours, minutes, and seconds. * * @param {Object} videoData - An object containing video data such as duration. * @param {number} videoData.duration - The duration of the video in milliseconds. * * @return {string} - The formatted duration of the video in the format hh:mm:ss. */ const getTime = (videoData) => { if ( 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Boston.com explored what contributes to the city's move-in date.</h2> <figure class="a-photo m-article-header__photo "> <img width="768" height="432" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg" class="attachment-16:9 size-16:9 wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_turner090122METROallston650-1-66cf2aa86e271-768x432.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> <figcaption class="a-photo__caption"> Ashford Street is overrun with people moving on Sept. 1, 2022.<em> </em> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="m-article-header__meta"> <div class="m-article-header__byline"> <p class="m-article-header__author"> By <a class="a-link a-link--inline" href="https://www.boston.com/author/annie-jonas/">Annie Jonas</a> </p> <time class="m-article-header__date"> August 28, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="m-article-header__social"> <ul class="a-list--no-style m-social-share"><li class="m-social-share__item"><a id="sharetools-facebook" class="m-social-share__link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2F%3Fpost_type%3Dpost%26p%3D31404122" rel="noopener noreferr" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="a-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" width="18" height="15"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.boston.com/wp-content/themes/bdc-2020/assets/symbol-defs.svg#facebook-white"></use><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" 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data-clipboard-text="https://www.boston.com/?post_type=post&p=31404122" rel="noopener noreferr" target="_blank"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="a-icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" width="18" height="15"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.boston.com/wp-content/themes/bdc-2020/assets/symbol-defs.svg#link-white"></use><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://www.boston.com/wp-content/themes/bdc-2020/assets/symbol-defs.svg#link-white"></use></svg><span class="screen-reader-text">Email</span></a></li><li class="m-social-share__item m-social-share__comments"><a href="#comments" class="m-social-share__comments-link">17</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </header> <p class="has-drop-cap">September 1 is a day of moving truck madness, statuesque trash pile-ups, and not-so pleasant traffic jams. The day has even generated its own lingo (see: <a href="https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2021/08/19/boston-storrowing-what-to-know/">Storrowing</a>, <a href="https://www.boston.com/tag/allston-christmas/">Allston Christmas</a>). But despite local lore, the annual move-in phenomenon has largely gone unstudied by housing researchers and economists. </p> <div class="m-block t-amp__list-container m-article-list-container m-article-list-container--frame-border a-border-frame a-list-header__headline--red m-article-list--alternative--default m-article-list--floated"> <ul class="t-amp__list a-list--no-style m-article-list m-article-list--recirculation m-article-list--has-images "> <li class="m-article-list__item m-article-list__item--featured"> <a class="m-article-list__link-wrapper" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2024/08/27/storrowed-dcr-gives-drivers-a-cheeky-warning-ahead-of-sept-1-move-in/?p1=article_recirc_inline_feature" data-p1="article_recirc_inline_feature"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="432" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png" class="t-amp__list-image m-article-list__image m-article-list__image--full" alt="" aria-hidden="true" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot-2024-08-27-at-4.16.51 PM-66ce34458ca4a-768x432.png?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> <div class="m-article-list__content"> <h4 class="m-article-list__headline t-amp__list-headline "> <span class="m-article-list__link a-link a-link--inline a-link--text-link a-link--text-link-dark"> ‘Storrowed!’: DCR gives drivers a cheeky warning ahead of Sept. 1 move-in </span> </h4> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <p>There’s a widely-held notion that Boston’s moving day falls on September 1 because of students starting the new academic year. But is this actually true? Has it always been this way, and will it ever change? </p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-when-did-september-1-become-moving-day">When did September 1 become ‘moving day’?</h2><p>The earliest mention of September 1 as Boston’s “moving day” in <em>The Boston Globe</em> archives comes from<em> </em>a September 1, 1899 article titled “Getting Back To The City,” according to <em>The Globe</em>’s researcher and librarian Jeremiah Manion.</p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle1" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle1 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle1"><script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle1") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>The article describes the end of summer vacation and the return to the city for work, school, and to prepare for the winter season.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2132" height="2560" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31404187" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/The_Boston_Globe_1899_09_01_6-1-66c8d52359903-scaled.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2132px) 100vw, 2132px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">The earliest mention of Sept. 1 as Boston’s “moving day” comes from<em> </em>a Sept. 1, 1899 article titled “Getting Back To The City.” <em>(Courtesy of Jeremiah Manion/Globe Staff)</em></figcaption></figure><p>“With people domiciled in the country, tradition has always fixed upon Sept. 1 as ‘moving day.’ It is thought to be incumbent upon them to get back into the city, prepare the children for school, and set things in order for the winter’s duties,” the article reads.</p><p>An article from September 1, 1925 titled “Much Greater Boston Furniture On Vans Today” also includes the date as Boston’s moving day, and vividly describes the chaos of moving. </p> <div class="m-block t-amp__list-container m-article-list-container m-article-list-container--frame-border a-border-frame a-list-header__headline--red m-article-list--alternative--default m-article-list--floated"> <ul class="t-amp__list a-list--no-style m-article-list m-article-list--recirculation m-article-list--has-images "> <li class="m-article-list__item m-article-list__item--featured"> <a class="m-article-list__link-wrapper" href="https://www.boston.com/real-estate/renting/2024/06/04/three-local-colleges-ranked-among-priciest-in-us-for-off-campus-housing/?p1=article_recirc_inline_feature" data-p1="article_recirc_inline_feature"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="432" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg" class="t-amp__list-image m-article-list__image m-article-list__image--full wp-post-image" alt="boston university colleges" aria-hidden="true" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/52JN4SKLXX6UQSOTB6EA5G7BMQ-660c352812381-768x432.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> <div class="m-article-list__content"> <h4 class="m-article-list__headline t-amp__list-headline "> <span class="m-article-list__link a-link a-link--inline a-link--text-link a-link--text-link-dark"> Three local colleges ranked among priciest in US for off-campus housing </span> </h4> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <p>The article explains that “a certain percentage of the furniture in the city is loaded on vans, en route between one home and another.” It goes on to describe the post-move mayhem of unpacking.</p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle_video1" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle_video1 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle_video1"><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle_video1") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>“By tonight, most of the loads will be unloaded. The parlor furniture will be upside down in the new kitchen and the family will be eating in the bedroom with a bedspring for a table. The bedding will be buried underneath rolls of carpets and rugs, concealed behind framed pictures, and otherwise a place where it will be impossible to sleep until everything in the house has been moved to its future location. When that is done no one will be able to sleep from weariness. Yea, verily, this is moving day,” the article reads.</p><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2127" height="2560" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31404219" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1925_09_01_9-1-66c8d58d17bf1-scaled.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2127px) 100vw, 2127px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">An article from Sept. 1, 1925 titled “Much Greater Boston Furniture On Vans Today” also includes Sept. 1 as Boston’s moving day, and vividly describes the chaos of moving. <em>(Courtesy of Jeremiah Manion/Globe Staff)</em></figcaption></figure><p>Interestingly, the article says May 1 used to be Boston’s moving day, but the date was moved to September 1 to accommodate families’ summer vacation schedules and to prevent landlords from losing profits due to vacant housing.</p><p>“When it occurred on May 1, the family was quite apt to make a temporary arrangement of some sort in order to spend the Summer in a cottage at a beach or in the mountains or in camp, and with the increasing annual pilgrimage to these regions of coolness from the cities, and increasing number of houses remained vacant during the Summer, in some cases reducing the landlord’s profits to an unsatisfactory amount,” the 1925 article reads.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-the-gravitational-pull-of-students">The ‘gravitational pull’ of students</h2><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="1707" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-31451719" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_tlumackiallstonchristmas348-1-66ce83428824c-scaled.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">Students Jack (rear) and her roommate Nine, relax amidst a collection of their belongings and those of their roommates as they are in the process of moving out of their apartment on Ashford Street in Allston on Aug. 31, 2023. <em>John Tlumacki/Globe Staff </em></figcaption></figure><p>As of fall 2023, there were about 163,000 students enrolled in Boston-based undergraduate and graduate degree programs, according to a <a href="https://www.boston.gov/sites/default/files/file/2024/06/Boston%20Student%20Housing%20Report_Final.pdf">Boston Student Housing Report</a>. Among them, nearly 53,000 (32.5%) lived on-campus or in university-provided housing, while just over 39,900 students (24.5%) lived at home (4,546 of these students were studying abroad or in a co-op program). The remaining 69,836 students (42.9%) lived in private housing, primarily in the metro Boston region, the Student Housing Report found. </p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle2" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle2 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle2"><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle2") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>Experts like <a href="https://cssh.northeastern.edu/faculty/barry-bluestone/">Barry Bluestone</a>, a professor emeritus of political economy and the founding director of the Dukakis Center at Northeastern University seem to think these students are responsible for the Sept. 1 move-in date. </p> <div class="m-block t-amp__list-container m-article-list-container m-article-list-container--frame-border a-border-frame a-list-header__headline--red m-article-list--alternative--default m-article-list--floated"> <ul class="t-amp__list a-list--no-style m-article-list m-article-list--recirculation m-article-list--has-images "> <li class="m-article-list__item m-article-list__item--featured"> <a class="m-article-list__link-wrapper" href="https://www.boston.com/travel/travel/2024/04/17/best-new-england-college-towns-ranked-list-usa-today/?p1=article_recirc_inline_feature" data-p1="article_recirc_inline_feature"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="432" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg" class="t-amp__list-image m-article-list__image m-article-list__image--full" alt="" aria-hidden="true" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/82279238-ca64-11e7-9599-dcd42c4da89a-768x432.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> <div class="m-article-list__content"> <h4 class="m-article-list__headline t-amp__list-headline "> <span class="m-article-list__link a-link a-link--inline a-link--text-link a-link--text-link-dark"> New England has one of the best small college towns in America, according to USA Today readers </span> </h4> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <p>He said the pull of the academic calendar is the main driving force, as students of all ages and families return to the city for the start of the school year. </p><p>“Boston’s large college student population is number one, but classes for K-12 students also usually begin just around September,” he said. </p> <div class="m-block t-amp__list-container m-article-list-container m-article-list-container--frame-border a-border-frame a-list-header__headline--red m-article-list--alternative--default m-article-list--floated"> <ul class="t-amp__list a-list--no-style m-article-list m-article-list--recirculation m-article-list--has-images "> <li class="m-article-list__item m-article-list__item--featured"> <a class="m-article-list__link-wrapper" href="https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2023/12/14/massachusetts-public-college-university-enrollment-increase/?p1=article_recirc_inline_feature" data-p1="article_recirc_inline_feature"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="768" height="432" src="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg" class="t-amp__list-image m-article-list__image m-article-list__image--full" alt="" aria-hidden="true" srcset="https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=200 200w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=300 300w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=400 400w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=500 500w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=600 600w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=700 700w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=800 800w, https://bdc2020.o0bc.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/s3___bgmp-arc_arc-feeds_generic-photos_to-arc_DJI_0348-657b2d2891886-768x432.jpg?width=900 900w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> <div class="m-article-list__content"> <h4 class="m-article-list__headline t-amp__list-headline "> <span class="m-article-list__link a-link a-link--inline a-link--text-link a-link--text-link-dark"> Public colleges in Mass. see enrollment boost for first time in nearly a decade. Community college students are the sole driver. </span> </h4> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <p><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/bostonpads">Demetrios Salpoglou</a>, <a href="https://bostonpads.com/">Boston Pads</a> CEO agreed, saying Boston is so heavily influenced by education that it is pulled to the academic calendar and a September 1 lease cycle in an almost orbital way.</p><p>“It’s almost as if the September 1 cycle is the sun, and even when we get off it, the gravitational pull brings us back to it,” he said.</p><p>But the academic calendar isn’t the only factor, according to Bluestone. The other driving force? Summer vacation. </p><p>“People will look to rent a place beginning around September 1 so that they don’t have to pay an extra month of rent when they’re not actually going to use the place,” he said.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-people-don-t-move-in-cold-weather">People don’t move in cold weather</h2><p>It’s possible that students aren’t the primary reason why Boston moves on Sept. 1, according to <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/douglasquattrochi">Douglas Quattrochi</a>, the executive director of <a href="https://masslandlords.net/">MassLandlords</a>, a non-profit trade association for landlords.</p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle3" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle3 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle3"><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle3") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>He theorized that Boston’s cold climate, rather than its student population, is to blame for the Sept. 1 move-in date. </p><p>“Boston has a particularly difficult climate where we have these freeze-thaw cycles. It’s just dangerous to be moving heavy stuff in the winter,” Quattrochi said.</p><p>He pointed to <a href="https://bostonpads.com/real-time-data/">real-time apartment listings data</a> from Boston Pads to support his idea, which shows a peak in listings in March and a slow decline as September approaches.</p><p>“As soon as you get into March, April, May, those listings are down, leases are signed, and listings are low. It’s at the lowest point in September. People are trying to get in before the winter, and possibly before the school year as well. I think the winter is the main driver and the school year will be kind of secondary,” Quattrochi explained.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-landlords-and-tenants-are-searching-in-september">Landlords and tenants are searching in September </h2><p>There’s an economic theory that offers a compelling theory as to why residents move on a single date, as opposed to a staggered lease cycle system of multiple dates.</p><p>According to <a href="https://www.bc.edu/bc-web/schools/morrissey/departments/economics/people/faculty-directory/jaromir-nosal.html">Jaromir Nosal</a>, an economics professor at Boston College who focuses on macroeconomics, the economic theory is called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_and_matching_theory_(economics)#:~:text=In%20economics%2C%20search%20and%20matching,related%20to%20stable%20matching%20theory.">“search and matching.”</a> Here’s how it works.</p><p>The idea of “matching” goes beyond traditional supply and demand – it thinks of supply and demand as something slightly more individualized. In the case of the rental market, both sides (i.e. tenant and landlord) are looking for a unique product: tenants want a specific apartment and landlords want a specific tenant. </p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle4" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle4 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle4"><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle4") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>In a market where all of the products are different (i.e. all of the rental housing is different and all of the tenants are different), how do both parties come together to find not just a good match, but the best possible match? This is why timing – meaning <em>when</em> landlords and tenants are searching – is important. </p><p>“Landlords don’t want any months of vacancy and want the most reliable tenant. Tenants don’t want to pay double for two apartments (or be without one) and want the best location,” Nosal explained. </p><p>How do they solve this issue of timing and information, of not knowing when the other is searching? The short answer is coordination.</p><p>“If we can coordinate on a single date, then [renters] don’t have to worry about when apartments become available and landlords don’t have to worry about renters becoming available, because they know we’re going to coordinate on a single date. So landlords know when to expect a bunch of applications, and renters know when to expect a bunch of apartments becoming available,” he said.</p><p>By coordinating on a single move-in date and working backwards from there, landlords and tenants search at the same time, have more choices in their search because everyone is searching together, and as a result of having more choices, both have the potential for better quality matches.</p><p>“Everybody’s happier in some sense,” he said.</p><p>But why September 1, specifically? The search and matching theory explains why it might be beneficial for landlords and tenants to coordinate on a single move-in date, but it doesn’t explain why we choose September 1 as opposed to any other date throughout the year.</p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle5" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle5 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle5"><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle5") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>This is where students and the academic calendar come into play, Nosal said. Small things can push the market towards a specific date. In the case of Boston, “it is the fact that we have so many universities,” he said. This nudge is called a “coordination device” in economics. </p><p>Essentially, even though students don’t account for the whole rental market in Boston, because they have to move-in by the start of the school year (i.e. by September), they help narrow down the coordination day and push the market toward a specific date.</p><p>For a landlord, the more tenants they have coming through to look at their vacancies, the more they can actually pick somebody, and there’s a better potential for a good match. The same is true for the tenant. If there are vacancies to look at, the very fact that they can choose from many is valuable.</p><p>Landlords, then, have a decision to make: do they pick September 1 as their lease start date to accommodate students who are inflexible and young professionals who are flexible on a move-in date? Or do they choose a non-September 1 date to get working professionals only, but no students?</p><p>By choosing September 1, landlords get more choices of tenants (students and non-students), the potential for better matches, and more value for being vacant. Renters follow the September 1 move-in date because landlords choose it. So, the city ends up coordinating on a date, and that date is driven by a small segment of the market (i.e. students), Nosal theorized.</p><h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-can-we-ever-get-off-of-the-september-1-lease-cycle">Can we ever get off of the September 1 lease cycle?</h2><p>For landlords and renters alike, September 1 is a chaotic and stressful day, and many might wonder if there’s a better way Boston can structure its lease cycles.</p><div class="m-content-advert"><div class="m-content-advert-wrap"><span class="m-content-advert-title">Advertisement:</span><div id="js-advert--inarticle6" class="m-advert m-advert--inarticle6 "><div class="m-advert__container"><div id="ad_inarticle6"><script type="type/javascript">googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("ad_inarticle6") })</script></div></div></div></div></div><p>“It’s really hard to explain, from a landlord’s perspective, how it helps us to have a September 1 date,” Quattrochi of MassLandlords said.</p><p>From an economic perspective, it would take “a lot to knock this kind of market off from [September 1] to some other date,” according to Nosal. Such an event would have to be drastic (think Covid or a natural disaster, he said.)</p><p>But even though renters and landlords might not enjoy the annual phenomenon, Nosal said it works – and it’s extremely efficient – from an economic point of view.</p><p>“What theory tells us is, yeah, this is how it’s supposed to happen. It’s supposed to be coordinated. So we shouldn’t be worried about it. We shouldn’t be trying to break that outcome in any way,” he said.</p><p>He said structuring our lease cycle this way might mean landlords and tenants have better quality matches because they have more choices, as opposed to having a staggered lease cycle with fewer choices.</p><p>“At the end of the day, we see throughout the year fewer people moving because the match is better, because we have this coordination, because everybody has a choice and is maybe settling into an apartment that is a better match for their needs,” he said.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-red-pattern"> <div class='gf_browser_safari gf_browser_iphone gform_wrapper m-gforms-form gravity-theme' data-overline='Readers weigh in' data-overline-confirmation='Poll results' id='gform_wrapper m-gforms-form_1272' ><div id='gf_1272' class='gform_anchor' tabindex='-1'></div> <div class='gform_heading'> <h2 class="gform_title">Wickedpedia</h2> <span class='gform_description'></span> 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