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Yasser Arafat - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kehidupan_awal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehidupan_awal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kehidupan awal</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kehidupan_awal-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Kehidupan awal</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kehidupan_awal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Masa_kecil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Masa_kecil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Masa kecil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Masa_kecil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendidikan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendidikan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Pendidikan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendidikan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mendirikan_Fatah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mendirikan_Fatah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mendirikan Fatah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mendirikan_Fatah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjuangan_bersenjata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjuangan_bersenjata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Perjuangan bersenjata</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perjuangan_bersenjata-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perjuangan bersenjata</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perjuangan_bersenjata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suriah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suriah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Suriah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suriah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perang_Enam_Hari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Enam_Hari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Perang Enam Hari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Enam_Hari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pertempuran_Karameh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertempuran_Karameh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pertempuran Karameh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertempuran_Karameh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Yordania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yordania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Yordania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yordania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pengakuan_resmi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pengakuan_resmi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Pengakuan resmi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pengakuan_resmi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perang_Saudara_Lebanon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perang_Saudara_Lebanon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Perang Saudara Lebanon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perang_Saudara_Lebanon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunisia_dan_Intifada_pertama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunisia_dan_Intifada_pertama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Tunisia dan Intifada pertama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunisia_dan_Intifada_pertama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjuangan_damai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjuangan_damai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Perjuangan damai</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Perjuangan_damai-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Perjuangan damai</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Perjuangan_damai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Perubahan_haluan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perubahan_haluan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Perubahan haluan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perubahan_haluan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjanjian_Oslo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjanjian_Oslo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Perjanjian Oslo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perjanjian_Oslo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membentuk_Otoritas_Nasional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membentuk_Otoritas_Nasional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Membentuk Otoritas Nasional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membentuk_Otoritas_Nasional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perjanjian_damai_lainnya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perjanjian_damai_lainnya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Perjanjian damai lainnya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perjanjian_damai_lainnya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akhir_hayat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akhir_hayat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Akhir hayat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Akhir_hayat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Akhir hayat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Akhir_hayat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pemakaman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pemakaman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pemakaman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pemakaman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kehidupan_pribadi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kehidupan_pribadi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Kehidupan pribadi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kehidupan_pribadi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sumber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sumber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sumber</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Sumber</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sumber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Catatan_kaki_dan_referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan_kaki_dan_referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Catatan kaki dan referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan_kaki_dan_referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bacaan_lanjut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Bacaan lanjut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bacaan_lanjut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yasser Arafat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 118 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-118" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">118 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasser_Arafat" title="Jasser Arafat – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%A5%E1%88%AD_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8D%8B%E1%89%B5" title="ያሥር አረፋት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ያሥር አረፋት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_%C6%8Fr%C9%99fat" title="Yasir Ərəfat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yasir Ərəfat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jes%C4%ABrs_Arafats" title="Jesīrs Arafats – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Jesīrs Arafats" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясір Арафат – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ясір Арафат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясір Арафат – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ясір Арафат" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясер Арафат – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ясер Арафат" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="ইয়াসির আরাফাত – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইয়াসির আরাফাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A0ssir_Arafat" title="Iàssir Arafat – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iàssir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عەرەفات – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاسر عەرەفات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1sir_Arafat" title="Jásir Arafat – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jásir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Arafat" title="Yaser Arafat – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Yaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AC%CF%84" title="Γιάσερ Αραφάτ – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιάσερ Αραφάτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%81sir_%E2%80%98Araf%C4%81t" title="Yāsir ‘Arafāt – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Yāsir ‘Arafāt" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasser_Arafat" title="Jasser Arafat – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasser_Arafat" title="Jasser Arafat – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iasar_Arafat" title="Iasar Arafat – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iasar Arafat" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iasir_Arafat" title="Iasir Arafat – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Iasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%AA" title="יאסר ערפאת – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יאסר ערפאת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4_(%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE)" title="यासिर अराफ़ात (फिलिस्तीनी नेता) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यासिर अराफ़ात (फिलिस्तीनी नेता)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasszer_Arafat" title="Jasszer Arafat – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jasszer Arafat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%86%D5%A1%D5%A9" title="Յասեր Արաֆաթ – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յասեր Արաֆաթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Arafat" title="Yaser Arafat – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88" title="ヤーセル・アラファート – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヤーセル・アラファート" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="იასირ არაფატი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იასირ არაფატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಯಾಸಿರ್ ಅರಾಫತ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯಾಸಿರ್ ಅರಾಫತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%BC%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%B4_%EC%95%84%EB%9D%BC%ED%8C%8C%ED%8A%B8" title="야세르 아라파트 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="야세르 아라파트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Erefat" title="Yaser Erefat – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Yaser Erefat" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C4%81sir_%CA%BFAraf%C4%81t" title="Yāsir ʿArafāt – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Yāsir ʿArafāt" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesiras_Arafatas" title="Jesiras Arafatas – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jesiras Arafatas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81sirs_Araf%C4%81ts" title="Jāsirs Arafāts – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jāsirs Arafāts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Јасер Арафат – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јасер Арафат" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="യാസർ അറഫാത്ത് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യാസർ അറഫാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясир Арафат – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ясир Арафат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="यासर अराफात – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="यासर अराफात" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%96%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ယာဆာ အာရဖတ် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ယာဆာ အာရဖတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jassir_Arafat" title="Jassir Arafat – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="यासेर अराफात – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="यासेर अराफात" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" title="Yasir Arafat – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Yasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਯਾਸਿਰ ਅਰਾਫ਼ਾਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਯਾਸਿਰ ਅਰਾਫ਼ਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jasir_Arafat" title="Jasir Arafat – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jasir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%AF%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Арафат, Ясир – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Арафат, Ясир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ياسر عرفات – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ياسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A1sir_Araf%C3%A1t" title="Jásir Arafát – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jásir Arafát" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaasir_Carafaat" title="Yaasir Carafaat – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Yaasir Carafaat" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaser_Arafat" title="Jaser Arafat – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Јасер Арафат – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јасер Арафат" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassir_Arafat" title="Yassir Arafat – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Yassir Arafat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="யாசிர் அரஃபாத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="யாசிர் அரஃபாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="యాసర్ అరాఫత్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యాసర్ అరాఫత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ёсир Арафот – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёсир Арафот" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95" title="ยัสเซอร์ อาราฟัต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยัสเซอร์ อาราฟัต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Arafat" title="Yaser Arafat – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%81%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Ясір Арафат – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ясір Арафат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="یاسر عرفات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یاسر عرفات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosir_Arafot" title="Yosir Arafot – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yosir Arafot" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚西尔·阿拉法特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="იასირ არაფატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იასირ არაფატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%98" title="יאסיר אראפאט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יאסיר אראפאט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚西尔·阿拉法特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Yasser Arafat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="阿拉法特 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿拉法特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q34211#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Artikel ini sudah memiliki <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">referensi</a>, tetapi <b>tidak disertai <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kutip_sumber_tulisan" title="Wikipedia:Kutip sumber tulisan">kutipan yang cukup</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Anda dapat membantu mengembangkan artikel ini dengan menambahkan lebih banyak kutipan pada teks artikel.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Oktober 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Penghapusan_templat_pemeliharaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:Penghapusan templat pemeliharaan">Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Yasser Arafat</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:90%; font-weight:bold; line-height: normal">ياسر عرفات</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Leader_of_the_PLO,_Yasser_Arafat,_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/330px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/440px-Leader_of_the_PLO%2C_Yasser_Arafat%2C_1996_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="2007" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Arafat pada tahun 1996</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25451299">.mw-parser-output .bahasa{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .st{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/PWB_infobox_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .bgpar{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Entete_flag.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .flex-container{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Presiden_Otoritas_Nasional_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina</a>&#32;ke-1</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />5 Juli 1994&#160;–&#32;11 November 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Perdana Menteri</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Qurei" title="Ahmed Qurei">Ahmed Qurei</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:90%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Rawhi_Fattouh" title="Rawhi Fattouh">Rawhi Fattouh</a> (a.i.)</div><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/8px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/10px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ketua_Organisasi_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Ketua Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina">Ketua Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina</a> ke-3</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none; line-height: normal"><span class="nowrap"><b>Masa jabatan</b></span><br />4 Februari 1969&#160;–&#32;29 Oktober 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="justify-content: center;vertical-align: middle;" class="flex-container"><div><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/5px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/8px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Arrow_left_pictogram.png/10px-Arrow_left_pictogram.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div style="text-align:left;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pendahulu</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Hammuda" title="Yahya Hammuda">Yahya Hammuda</a></div><div></div><div style="text-align:right;width:43%;font-size:87%"><span class="nowrap"><b>Pengganti</b></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></div><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Sebelum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/5px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/8px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png/10px-Arrow_right_pictogram_01.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="2048" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Informasi pribadi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lahir</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Muhammad Yassir Abdul Rahman Abdul Rauf Arafat al-Qudwa</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-08-24</span>)</span>24 Agustus 1929<br /><a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Mesir" title="Kerajaan Mesir">Kerajaan Mesir</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Meninggal</th><td class="infobox-data">11 November 2004<span style="display:none">(2004-11-11)</span> (umur&#160;75)<br /><a href="/wiki/Clamart" title="Clamart">Clamart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prancis" title="Prancis">Prancis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kebangsaan</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bangsa_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangsa Palestina">Palestina</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partai politik</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Suami/istri</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suha_Arafat" title="Suha Arafat">Suha Arafat</a> (1990–2004)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Anak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zahwa_Arafat" title="Zahwa Arafat">Zahwa Arafat</a> (lahir 1995)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profesi</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Insinyur" class="mw-redirect" title="Insinyur">Insinyur</a> <a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">teknik sipil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tanda tangan</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tanda tangan Yasser Arafat"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg/50px-Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg/76px-Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg/101px-Yasser_Arafat_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="239" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavHead" style="border-bottom:2px gray;text-align:center;"><b>Penghargaan</b></div><div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><small>(2018)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48335867" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q48335867"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Grand Collar of the State Of Palestine</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48335867?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg/30px-Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg/45px-Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg/60px-Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li><li><small>(19 Februari 1999)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14539990" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q14539990"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14539990?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/30px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/45px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg/60px-ITA_OMRI_2001_GC-GCord_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1999)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28481165" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q28481165"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28481165?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/30px-Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/45px-Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png/60px-Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise_1st_2nd_and_3rd_Class_of_Ukraine.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1998)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15279677" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15279677"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Grand Collar of the Order of Good Hope</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15279677?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/30px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/45px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1994)</small> <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_Perdamaian" title="Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian">Daftar penerima Nobel Perdamaian</a></li><li><small>(1993)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1479435" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1479435"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Félix Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1479435?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li><small>(1988)</small> <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Penghargaan Jawaharlal Nehru">Penghargaan Jawaharlal Nehru</a></li><li><small>(1975)</small> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5300150" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5300150"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Doublespeak Award</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300150?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Bintang_Jasa_Republik_Italia" title="Bintang Jasa Republik Italia">Bintang Jasa Republik Italia</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg/30px-Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg/45px-Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg/60px-Cavaliere_OMRI_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Orde_Harapan_Baik" title="Orde Harapan Baik">Bintang Nasib Baik</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/30px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/45px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif/60px-Ord.GoodHope-ribbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q97277529" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q97277529"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of the Great September Revolution 1969</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97277529?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg/30px-LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg/45px-LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg/60px-LBA_Order_of_the_Great_1st_September_Revolution_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Bintang_Singa_Putih" title="Bintang Singa Putih">Bintang Singa Putih</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg/30px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg/45px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg/60px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q84771122" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q84771122"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of the Grand Conqueror</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84771122?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_(Libya).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif/30px-Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif/45px-Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif/60px-Order_of_the_Grand_Conqueror_%28Libya%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="/wiki/Orde_Jasa_Sipil" title="Orde Jasa Sipil">Orde Jasa Sipil</a><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Order_of_Civil_Merit_(Spain)_-_Crosses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Spain%29_-_Crosses.svg/30px-Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Spain%29_-_Crosses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Spain%29_-_Crosses.svg/45px-Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Spain%29_-_Crosses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Spain%29_-_Crosses.svg/60px-Order_of_Civil_Merit_%28Spain%29_-_Crosses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123270269" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q123270269"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of the State of Palestine</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123270269?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg/30px-Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg/45px-Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg/60px-Grand_Collar_of_the_Order_of_the_State_of_Palestine_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q369412" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q369412"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of Ouissam Alaouite</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369412?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_(Maroc).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg/30px-Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg/45px-Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg/60px-Ordre_de_l%27Ouissam_Alaouite_Chevalier_ribbon_%28Maroc%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1858870" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1858870"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order "13 Centuries of Bulgaria"</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1858870?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif/30px-OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif" decoding="async" width="30" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif/45px-OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif/60px-OrderOfCivilValourAndMeritRibbon.gif 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="30" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3321940" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3321940"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3321940?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20966518" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q20966518"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Grand cross of the Order of the White Lion</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20966518?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg/30px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg/45px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg/60px-CZE_Rad_Bileho_Lva_1_tridy_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></li><li> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4315048" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4315048"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">Order of Playa Girón</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4315048?uselang=id" title="Terjemahkan"><img alt="Terjemahkan" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yasser_Arafat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=top&amp;editintro=Templat:Kebijakan_biografi_aktual"><b>Sunting kotak info</b></a></span>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jabatan" title="Templat:Kotak info pemegang jabatan">L</a>&#160;• <a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jabatan" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info pemegang jabatan">B</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_pemegang_jabatan/doc" title="Templat:Kotak info pemegang jabatan/doc"><img alt="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muhammad Yassir Abdul Rahman Abdul Rauf Arafat al-Qudwa</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>&#58; <span lang="ar">محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة</span>&#8206;; 24 Agustus 1929&#160;&#8211;&#160;11 November 2004), lebih dikenal sebagai <b>Yasser Arafat</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>&#58; <span lang="ar">ياسر عرفات</span>&#160;, <i><span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Yāsir `Arafāt</i></span></i>) atau dengan <a href="/wiki/Kunyah" class="mw-disambig" title="Kunyah">kunyah</a> <b>Abu Ammar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Arab" title="Bahasa Arab">bahasa Arab</a>&#58; <span lang="ar">أبو عمار</span>&#160;, <i><span title="Arab-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">'Abū `Ammār</i></span></i>) adalah seorang negarawan <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>. Ia merupakan <a href="/wiki/Ketua_Organisasi_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Ketua Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina">Ketua</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina">Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina</a> (PLO), <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Otoritas_Nasional_Palestina" title="Daftar Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Presiden</a> <a href="/wiki/Otoritas_Nasional_Palestina" title="Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Otoritas Nasional Palestina</a> (PNA), pemimpin partai politik dan mantan pasukan milisi <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>, yang ia dirikan pada tahun 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-FatahF_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FatahF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat menghabiskan sebagian besar hidupnya menentang <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> atas nama <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hak_penentuan_nasib&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hak penentuan nasib (halaman belum tersedia)">hak penentuan nasib</a> rakyat Palestina. Awalnya bersikap menentang keberadaan Israel, dia mengubah sikapnya pada tahun 1988 ketika menerima <a href="/wiki/Resolusi_242_Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Resolusi 242 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Resolusi 242 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>. Arafat dan gerakannya beroperasi dari beberapa <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Arab" title="Dunia Arab">negara Arab</a>. Pada akhir 1960-an hingga awal 1970-an, Fatah berhadapan dengan <a href="/wiki/Yordania" title="Yordania">Yordania</a> dalam sebuah perang sipil. Diusir keluar dari Yordania dan terpaksa mengungsi ke <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, Arafat dan Fatah merupakan target utama invasi militer Israel atas negara tersebut pada tahun 1978 dan 1982. </p><p>Selanjutnya, Arafat terlibat dalam serangkaian perundingan dengan Israel untuk mengakhiri konflik yang berlangsung selama satu dekade antara negara tersebut di PLO. Di antara perundingan-perundingan ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Konferensi_Madrid_1991" title="Konferensi Madrid 1991">Konferensi Madrid 1991</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persetujuan_Damai_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Persetujuan Damai Oslo">Perjanjian Oslo</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pertemuan_Camp_David_2000" title="Pertemuan Camp David 2000">pertemuan di Camp David pada tahun 2000</a>. Lawan-lawan politiknya, seperti kaum <a href="/wiki/Islamis" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamis">Islamis</a> dan faksi kiri PLO, sering menuduhnya sebagai seorang yang korup atau terlalu tunduk kepada persyaratan-persyaratan yang diberikan oleh Israel. Pada saat-saat itu, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> dan organisasi-organisasi militan lainnya mulai naik daun dan menggoyahkan pemerintahan yang telah dibangun oleh Fatah dibawah Arafat di Palestina. Pada akhir 2004, setelah diisolasi secara efektif oleh tentara Israel di rumahnya sendiri di <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, Arafat jatuh sakit, mengalami koma dan wafat pada tanggal 11 November 2004, dalam usia 75 tahun. Penyebab penyakit dan kematiannya masih menjadi bahan perdebatan hingga hari ini. </p><p>Hingga hari ini, Arafat masih dikenang sebagai seorang tokoh kontroversial yang warisannya kerap dipertanyakan. Mayoritas rakyat Palestina, tanpa mengenal ideologi politik, melihatnya sebagai seorang pejuang kemerdekaan yang heroik dan martir yang menyimbolkan jeritan hati rakyatnya, sementara banyak warga Israel mengenalnya sebagai seorang teroris yang tidak pernah menyesali perbuatannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Arafat_reviled_particularly_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arafat_reviled_particularly-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Washington_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa kritikus menuduh Arafat adalah seorang pemimpin yang korup, secara rahasia menghimpun kekayaan pribadi sebesar 1,3 miliar <a href="/wiki/Dolar_Amerika_Serikat" title="Dolar Amerika Serikat">dolar Amerika Serikat</a> tanpa memedulikan kondisi ekonomi rakyat Palestina yang mayoritas hidup di tengah kemiskinan.<sup id="cite_ref-Alon_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alon-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nama">Nama</h2></div> <p>Nama panjang Arafat adalah Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa. Mohammed Abdel Rahman adalah nama pertamanya, Abdel Raouf adalah nama ayahnya, dan Arafat adalah nama kakeknya. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qudwa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Qudwa (halaman belum tersedia)">Al-Qudwa</a> adalah nama suku Arafat dan al-Husseini adalah nama klan induk al-Qudwa. Klan al-Husseini berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Gaza" class="mw-disambig" title="Gaza">Gaza</a>, dan harus dibedakan dengan klan lain asal Yerusalem yang terkenal namun tidak berkaitan, <a href="/wiki/Al-Husayni" title="Al-Husayni">al-Husayni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Karena Arafat dibesarkan di Kairo, menanggalkan nama Mohammed atau Ahmad adalah sesuatu yang dianggap lazim di sana; tokoh-tokoh Mesir seperti <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Husni_Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Husni Mubarak">Husni Mubarak</a> juga melakukannya. Namun, Arafat juga menanggalkan Abdel Rahman dan Abdel Raouf dari namanya. Pada awal 1950-an, Arafat mulai menggunakan nama Yasser. Selama bergerilya, dia mulai memakai Abu Ammar sebagai <i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">nom de guerre</a></i>-nya. Kedua nama ini terkait dengan <a href="/wiki/Ammar_bin_Yasir" title="Ammar bin Yasir">Ammar bin Yasir</a>, salah seorang <a href="/wiki/Sahabat_Nabi" title="Sahabat Nabi">sahabat</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Muhammad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabi Muhammad">Nabi Muhammad</a>. Walaupun menanggalkan sebagian besar nama aslinya, dia memilih tetap memakai nama Arafat karena <a href="/wiki/Arafah" title="Arafah">pengaruh nama tersebut dalam tradisi Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_awal">Kehidupan awal</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Masa_kecil">Masa kecil</h3></div> <p>Arafat dilahirkan di <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Mesir" title="Kerajaan Mesir">Kerajaan Mesir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Birth_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Birth-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ayahnya, Abdel Raouf al-Qudwa al-Husseini, adalah seorang Palestina dari <a href="/wiki/Kota_Gaza" title="Kota Gaza">Kota Gaza</a>, yang beribukan warga Mesir. Ayah Arafat berjuang selama dua puluh lima tahun di pengadilan Mesir untuk mengklaim tanah keluarga mereka di Mesir sebagai bagian dari warisannya, tetapi tidak berhasil.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia bekerja sebagai seorang pedagang kain di distrik <a href="/w/index.php?title=El-Sakakini&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="El-Sakakini (halaman belum tersedia)">El-Sakakini</a>, sebuah distrik yang ditinggali orang-orang dari berbagai macam agama. Arafat adalah anak kelima dari tujuh bersaudara, dan satu dari dua (bersama adiknya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fathi_Arafat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fathi Arafat (halaman belum tersedia)">Fathi</a>) anak keluarga itu yang dilahirkan di Kairo. Ibunya, Zahwa Abul Saud, lahir dari sebuah keluarga yang berasal dari Yerusalem. Ia wafat karena menderita penyakit ginjal pada tahun 1933, saat Arafat masih berusia empat tahun.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kunjungan pertama Arafat ke Yerusalem terjadi saat ayahnya, yang tidak mampu membesarkan tujuh orang anak sendirian, mengirimnya dan Fathi ke keluarga ibu mereka di <a href="/wiki/Kampung_Maroko" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampung Maroko">Kampung Maroko</a>, yang terletak di dalam <a href="/wiki/Kota_Lama_Yerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Lama Yerusalem">Kota Lama</a>. Kedua bocah itu tinggal bersama paman mereka, Salim Abul Saud selama empat tahun. Pada 1937, ayah mereka memanggil pulang keduanya untuk dibesarkan oleh saudara perempuan mereka, Inam. </p><p>Arafat mengalami hubungan yang kurang harmonis dengan ayahnya. Saat ayahnya wafat pada tahun 1952, Arafat tidak menghadiri pemakamannya, dan juga tidak mengunjungi makamnya setelah kembali ke Gaza. Saudara perempuan Arafat, Inam, mengatakan kepada sejarawan Inggris <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hart&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Hart (halaman belum tersedia)">Alan Hart</a>, bahwa dia dipukul oleh ayahnya karena mengunjungi permukiman <a href="/wiki/Yahudi" class="mw-disambig" title="Yahudi">Yahudi</a> di Kairo. Ketika ia bertanya pada Arafat alasannya tidak berhenti mengunjungi permukiman itu, dia menjawab bahwa dia ingin mempelajari mentalitas orang-orang Yahudi.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendidikan">Pendidikan</h3></div> <p>Pada 1944, Arafat masuk ke <a href="/wiki/Universitas_Kairo" title="Universitas Kairo">Universitas Raja Fuad I</a> dan lulus enam tahun kemudian.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dia mengatakan bahwa pemahamannya tentang Yudaisme dan <a href="/wiki/Zionisme" title="Zionisme">Zionisme</a>-nya semakin meningkat setelah terlibat dalam diskusi dengan beberapa orang Yahudi. Arafat juga membaca karya-karya yang ditulis oleh <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Herzl" title="Theodor Herzl">Theodor Herzl</a> dan tokoh Zionis lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada saat yang sama, dia menjadi seorang <a href="/wiki/Nasionalisme_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasionalisme Arab">nasionalis Arab</a> dan mulai memasok senjata untuk diselundupkan ke wilayah-wilayah bekas <a href="/wiki/Mandat_Britania_atas_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandat Britania atas Palestina">Mandat Britania atas Palestina</a>, untuk digunakan oleh pejuang-pejuang non-reguler <a href="/wiki/Komite_Tinggi_Arab" title="Komite Tinggi Arab">Komite Tinggi Arab</a> dan milisi-milisi <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Perang_Suci" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentara Perang Suci">Tentara Perang Suci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama <a href="/wiki/Perang_Arab-Israel_1948" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Arab-Israel 1948">Perang Arab-Israel 1948</a>, Arafat meninggalkan kampusnya dan berusaha memasuki Palestina bersama pemuda-pemuda Arab lainnya, bergabung dengan pasukan Arab yang sedang bertempur melawan <a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">tentara Israel</a>. Tetapi, ketimbang bergabung dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedayeen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedayeen (halaman belum tersedia)">fedayeen</a>, Arafat memilih bertempur dengan pasukan <a href="/wiki/Ikhwanul_Muslimin" title="Ikhwanul Muslimin">Ikhwanul Muslimin</a>, walaupun dia tidak bergabung dengan organisasinya. Dia ikut serta dalam pertempuran di sekitar Gaza (yang menjadi padang tempur utama <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Mesir" title="Angkatan Bersenjata Mesir">pasukan Mesir</a> selama perang). Pada awal 1949, kemenangan mulai condong ke pihak lawan, dan Arafat memilih pulang ke Kairo karena pasokan logistik yang menipis.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah kembali ke kampusnya, Arafat melanjutkan kembali kuliah <a href="/wiki/Teknik_sipil" title="Teknik sipil">teknik sipil</a>-nya dan terpilih menjadi ketua umum <a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Mahasiswa_Palestina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Mahasiswa Palestina (halaman belum tersedia)">Persatuan Mahasiswa Palestina</a> dari tahun 1952 hingga 1956. Pada tahun pertamanya sebagai ketua umum persatuan tersebut, universitasnya berubah nama menjadi Universitas Kairo setelah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kudeta" title="Kudeta">kudeta militer</a> berhasil menurunkan <a href="/wiki/Farouk_dari_Mesir" title="Farouk dari Mesir">Raja Farouk</a>. Saat itu, Arafat telah bergelar sarjana teknik sipil dan dipanggil untuk ikut bertempur bersama pasukan Mesir di <a href="/wiki/Krisis_Suez" title="Krisis Suez">Krisis Suez</a>; tetapi, dia tidak pernah benar-benar ikut bertempur.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa waktu kemudian, dalam sebuah konferensi di <a href="/wiki/Praha" title="Praha">Praha</a>, Arafat terlihat mengenakan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Keffiyeh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Keffiyeh (halaman belum tersedia)">keffiyeh</a> putih bersih (berbeda dengan versi bercorak jaring ikan, yang baru dipakainya kemudian di <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>), yang kelak menjadi lambangnya.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mendirikan_Fatah">Mendirikan Fatah</h2></div> <p>Setelah krisis di Suez pada tahun 1956, Presiden Mesir <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> mengizinkan <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Darurat_Perserikatan_Bangsa-bangsa" title="Pasukan Darurat Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa">Pasukan Darurat Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa</a> untuk beroperasi di <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Sinai" title="Semenanjung Sinai">Semenanjung Sinai</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza">Jalur Gaza</a>, menyebabkan pengusiran seluruh pasukan gerilya <i>fedayeen</i> di sana, termasuk Arafat. Dia awalnya berusaha untuk memperolah visa menuju <a href="/wiki/Kanada" title="Kanada">Kanada</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Arab_Saudi" title="Arab Saudi">Arab Saudi</a>, tetapi tidak berhasil.<sup id="cite_ref-hasilan_otomatis1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hasilan_otomatis1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada tahun 1957, Arafat mengirimkan permohonan untuk mendapat visa ke <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> (saat itu masih berstatus protektorat Inggris), dan dikabulkan karena latar belakangnya sebagai seorang insinyur teknik sipil. Di sana dia bersahabat dengan dua orang Palestina, <a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a> ("Abu Iyad") dan <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Khalil al-Wazir</a> ("Abu Jihad"). Keduanya merupakan anggota Ikhwanul Muslimin cabang Mesir. Arafat telah bertemu dengan Abu Iyad sebelumnya ketika masih kuliah, dan dengan Abu Jihad di Gaza. Keduanya kelak menjadi tangan kanan Arafat dalam dunia politik. Abu Iyad berangkat bersama Arafat ke Kuwait pada akhir 1960; Abu Jihad, seorang guru, telah tinggal di sana sejak 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah tiba di Kuwait, Abu Iyad membantu Arafat untuk memperoleh pekerjaan sementara sebagai seorang guru sekolah.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sementara Arafat mulai bergaul dengan para pengungsi Palestina (sebagian telah pernah dia temui saat tinggal di Kairo), dia dan lainnya secara bertahap mendirikan sebuah pergerakan bernama <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>. Tanggal pasti pendirian Fatah tidak diketahui. Pada 1959, keberadaan kelompok ini diliput oleh sebuah majalah nasionalis Palestina, <i>Filastununa Nida al-Hayat</i> (Palestina Kami, Panggilan Hidup), yang ditulis dan diedit oleh Abu Jihad.<sup id="cite_ref-FatahF_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FatahF-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> FaTaH adalah akronim terbalik dari nama Arab <i>Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini</i>, yang berarti "Pergerakan Pembebasan Nasional Palestina".<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "Fatah" juga merupakan kata yang digunakan pada masa-masa <a href="/wiki/Kekhalifahan_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekhalifahan Islam">kekhalifahan Islam</a> untuk "penaklukan."<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fatah bertujuan untuk membebaskan Palestina lewat perjuangan bersenjata yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang Palestina sendiri. Ini membuatnya berbeda dengan organisasi politik dan gerilya Palestina lainnya, yang sebagian besar meletakkan harapan pada sebuah perjuangan bersama oleh bangsa Arab.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di bawah pimpinan Arafat, Fatah tidak pernah mengikuti ideologi negara-negara Arab pada umumnya saat itu. Ini berbeda dengan mayoritas faksi lainnya, yang sering menjadi boneka negara lain seperti Mesir, <a href="/wiki/Irak" title="Irak">Irak</a>, Arab Saudi, <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, dan lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sesuai ideologinya, Arafat kerap menolak bantuan yang diberikan oleh negara-negara Arab lain, untuk menjaga independensi Fatah dari campur tangan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, Arafat tidak ingin mengabaikan mereka, dan berusaha untuk mendapatkan dukungan dengan menghindari persekutuan dengan faksi-faksi berideologi beda. Meskipun begitu, Arafat bekerja keras di Kuwait, untuk mendirikan basis finansial Fatah pada masa depan dengan mengumpulkan sumbangan dari orang-orang kaya Palestina yang bekerja di sana dan di negara-negara Teluk lainnya, seperti Qatar (di mana dia bertemu <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> pada 1961).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pengusaha dan karyawan-karyawan perusahaan minyak ini menyumbang dengan tulus untuk Fatah, dan Arafat meneruskan usahanya mengumpulkan dana ke negara lain seperti <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> dan Suriah.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perjuangan_bersenjata">Perjuangan bersenjata</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suriah">Suriah</h3></div> <p>Pada 1962, Arafat dan sahabat-sahabat dekatnya pindah ke Suriah (negara yang berbatasan darat dengan Israel), yang baru saja melepaskan diri dari <a href="/wiki/Republik_Arab_Bersatu" title="Republik Arab Bersatu">persatuan dengan Mesir pimpinan Nasser</a>. Fatah telah mempunyai kira-kira tiga ribu anggota pada saat itu, tetapi tidak ada seorangpun yang merupakan petempur.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di Suriah, dia berusaha untuk merekrut anggota dengan menawarkan penghasilan tinggi bagi mereka, untuk mewujudkan cita-cita perjuangan bersenjatanya ke Israel. Kekuatan Fatah meningkat lagi setelah Arafat menawarkan penghasilan yang lebih tinggi kepada para rekrutan baru daripada anggota <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Tentara Pembebasan Palestina">Tentara Pembebasan Palestina</a>, sayap militer <a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina">Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina</a>, yang didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Liga_Arab" title="Liga Arab">Liga Arab</a> pada tahun 1964. Pada 31 Desember, satu regu dari <a href="/wiki/Al-Assifa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Assifa">al-Assifa</a>, sayap militer asli Fatah, berusaha untuk menginfiltrasi ke wilayah Israel, tetapi mereka berhasil dihalangi dan ditangkap oleh pasukan keamanan Lebanon. Beberapa serangan dari pasukan bersenjata Fatah yang tidak terlatih dan kekurangan persenjataan menyusul infiltrasi ini. Beberapa percobaan berhasil, tetapi yang lain gagal dalam misi mereka. Arafat kerap memimpin serangan-serangan ini secara langsung.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arafat ditahan di penjara Mezzeh di Suriah ketika seorang perwira <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Suriah" title="Angkatan Darat Suriah">Angkatan Darat Suriah</a> asal Palestina, <a href="/wiki/Yusef_Urabi" title="Yusef Urabi">Yusef Urabi</a>, terbunuh. Urabi telah memimpin sebuah pertemuan untuk meredakan ketegangan antara Arafat dan pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Front_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Front Pembebasan Palestina">Front Pembebasan Palestina</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a>, namun keduanya menolak hadir dan mengirim perwakilan masing-masing. Terdapat perselisihan apakah Urabi terbunuh pada saat pertemuan atau setelahnya. Atas perintah Menteri Pertahanan <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a>, seorang kawan dekat Urabi, Arafat ditahan, dinyatakan bersalah oleh tiga orang juri dan dijatuhi <a href="/wiki/Hukuman_mati" title="Hukuman mati">hukuman mati</a>. Tetapi, dia dan para koleganya diberikan pengampunan oleh Presiden <a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a> sesaat setelah vonis tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Insiden ini membuat hubungan Assad dan Arafat tidak harmonis, yang kelak mengemuka setelah Assad menjadi Presiden Suriah.<sup id="cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perang_Enam_Hari">Perang Enam Hari</h3></div> <p>Pada 13 November 1966, Israel melancarkan serangan atas kota <a href="/wiki/As-Samu" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Samu">as-Samu</a> di wilayah <a href="/wiki/Tepi_Barat" title="Tepi Barat">Tepi Barat</a> yang diperintah oleh Yordania, sebagai pembalasan untuk Fatah akibat bom-bom tepi jalan yang mereka pasang berhasil menewaskan tiga orang anggota pasukan keamanan Israel di dekat sebelah selatan perbatasan <a href="/wiki/Garis_Hijau_(Israel)" title="Garis Hijau (Israel)">Garis Hijau</a>. Beberapa anggota pasukan keamanan Yordania tewas dan 125 rumah dihancurkan. Serangan ini menjadi salah satu penyebab pecahnya <a href="/wiki/Perang_Enam_Hari" title="Perang Enam Hari">Perang Enam Hari</a> pada 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perang Enam Hari dimulai setelah Israel melancarkan serangan udara atas <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Mesir" title="Angkatan Udara Mesir">Angkatan Udara Mesir</a> pada 5 Juni 1967. Pertempuran berakhir dengan kekalahan di pihak Arab dan pendudukan Israel atas beberapa wilayah yang sebelumnya menjadi wilayah negara Arab, termasuk Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza. Meskipun Nasser dan sekutu-sekutu Arabnya terkalahkan, Arafat dan Fatah dapat mengklaim kemenangan, terutama karena mayoritas rakyat Palestina yang saat itu masih berfaksi dan bersimpati kepada negara-negara Arab tertentu, mulai memilih solusi "Palestina oleh Palestina" yang ditawarkan oleh Arafat.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Banyak faksi politik utama Palestina, seperti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pergerakan_Nasionalis_Arab&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pergerakan Nasionalis Arab (halaman belum tersedia)">Pergerakan Nasionalis Arab</a> pimpinan <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a>, Komite Tinggi Arab pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Amin_al-Husayni" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Amin al-Husayni">Mohammad Amin al-Husayni</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Pembebasan_Islam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Pembebasan Islam (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Pembebasan Islam</a> dan beberapa organisasi yang didukung oleh Suriah, nyaris bubar setelah kekalahan negara yang mereka dukung. Sekitar seminggu setelah kekalahan itu, Arafat menyamar melintasi <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Yordan" title="Sungai Yordan">Sungai Yordan</a> dan memasuki Tepi Barat, di mana dia mendirikan pusat perekrutan anggota baru di <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, sekitar Yerusalem, dan juga <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, dan mulai menarik simpati pejuang dan penyumbang pada saat yang sama.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada waktu yang sama, Nasser menghubungi Arafat lewat mantan penasihatnya <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassanein_Heikal" title="Mohamed Hassanein Heikal">Mohamed Hassanein Heikal</a>, dan Nasser mendeklarasikan Arafat sebagai "pemimpin bangsa Palestina."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada Desember 1967, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Shukeiri" title="Ahmad Shukeiri">Ahmad Shukeiri</a> mengundurkan diri dari posisinya sebagai <a href="/wiki/Ketua_Organisasi_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Ketua Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina">Ketua Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Hammuda" title="Yahya Hammuda">Yahya Hammuda</a> menggantikannya. Hammuda mengajak Arafat untuk bergabung dengan organisasi tersebut, dan Fatah mendapat 33 dari 105 kursi di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Eksekutif_Organisasi_Pembebasan_Palestina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Eksekutif Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Eksekutif</a>, sementara 57 kursi sisanya dialokasikan untuk beberapa faksi perjuangan lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertempuran_Karameh">Pertempuran Karameh</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Karameh" title="Pertempuran Karameh">Pertempuran Karameh</a></div> <p>Sepanjang 1968, Fatah dan kelompok bersenjata Palestina lainnya menjadi sasaran operasi tentara Israel di desa <a href="/wiki/Karameh" title="Karameh">Karameh</a> di Yordania, di mana terdapat markas Fatah dan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Kamp_pengungsi_Palestina" title="Kamp pengungsi Palestina">kamp pengungsi Palestina</a> berukuran sedang. Nama desa tersebut berarti "kehormatan", yang menaikkan simbolismenya di mata bangsa Arab, terutama setelah kekalahan bersama mereka pada 1967. Operasi ini merupakan pembalasan dari serangan-serangan kelompok Palestina, termasuk serangan roket dari Fatah dan milisi lainnya yang menyasar Tepi Barat. Menurut <a href="/wiki/Said_Aburish" title="Said Aburish">Said Aburish</a>, pemerintah Yordania dan beberapa komandan Fatah memberitahu Arafat bahwa Israel sedang menyiapkan operasi militer besar-besaran untuk menyerang desa itu. Kabar ini membuat grup fedayeen, seperti <a href="/wiki/Front_Populer_Pembebasan_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Front Populer Pembebasan Palestina">Front Populer Pembebasan Palestina</a> (PFLP) pimpinan George Habash dan sempalannya, <a href="/wiki/Front_Demokratik_untuk_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina">Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina</a> (DFLP) pimpinan <a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a>, menarik pasukan mereka dari sana. Walaupun disarankan untuk menarik mundur pasukannya ke perbukitan terdekat oleh seorang komandan divisi Yordania yang pro-Fatah, Arafat menolak,<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat menyatakan, "kami ingin meyakinkan dunia bahwa ada satu kelompok di dunia Arab yang tidak akan mundur atau melarikan diri."<sup id="cite_ref-Sayigh_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sayigh-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aburish menulis bahwa pasukan Fatah bertahan di desa tersebut atas perintah Arafat, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Yordania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Yordania (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Yordania</a> setuju untuk membantu mereka jika terjadi pertempuran hebat.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada malam 21 Maret, Israel menyerang Karameh dengan persenjataan berat, kendaraan berlapis baja, dan jet tempur.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pasukan Fatah bertahan di posisinya, sesuatu yang mengejutkan pasukan Israel. Setelah Israel mengintensifkan serangan, pasukan Yordania mulai memasuki arena tempur, mengakibatkan Israel untuk menarik pasukannya untuk menghindari konflik meluas.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah pertempuran berakhir, sekitar 150 milisi Fatah terbunuh, dan sekitar jumlah itu pula yang ditawan.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sekitar 44 tentara Yordania dan 28 pasukan Israel juga terbunuh. Meskipun kematian lebih banyak diderita pihak Fatah dan Yordania dan fakta bahwa pertempuran tersebut berakhir setelah Israel menarik diri, Fatah menganggap mereka memenangi pertempuran tersebut karena penarikan diri Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa orang menduga bahwa Arafat sendiri yang memimpin pasukannya di medan pertempuran, namun detail keterlibatannya sendiri tidak jelas. Namun, sekutu-sekutunya (dan juga <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a>) mengonfirmasi bahwa Arafat terus mendesak anak buahnya untuk tetap bertahan di posisi mereka dan terus melawan.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pertempuran ini diliput secara mendetail oleh <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(majalah)" class="mw-redirect" title="Time (majalah)">Time</a></i>, dan wajah Arafat muncul di sampul edisi 13 Desember 1968, mengorbitkannya ke pentas dunia untuk pertama kali.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di tengah suasana pasca-perang, citra Arafat dan Fatah naik oleh titik balik penting ini, dan dia mulai dianggap sebagai seorang pahlawan nasional yang berani menghadapi Israel. Dengan dukungan massal dari dunia Arab, sumbangan finansial melonjak naik, dan persenjataan dan perbekalan militer Fatah bertambah. Jumlah anggota organisasi ini mulai bertambah dengan bergabungnya banyak pemuda Arab, termasuk ribuan yang bukan berasal dari Palestina.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ketika <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Nasional_Palestina" title="Dewan Nasional Palestina">Dewan Nasional Palestina</a> bertemu di Kairo pada 3 Februari 1969, Yahya Hammuda menyatakan pengunduran dirinya dari jabatan ketua PLO. Arafat terpilih menggantikannya pada keesokan harinya.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia menjadi komandan tertinggi Angkatan Revolusioner Palestina dua tahun kemudian, dan menjadi kepala departemen politik PLO pada 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yordania">Yordania</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=September_Hitam_di_Yordania&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="September Hitam di Yordania (halaman belum tersedia)">September Hitam di Yordania</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/220px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/330px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg/440px-Arafat_in_Jordan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Arafat bersama pemimpin <a href="/wiki/Front_Demokratik_untuk_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina">Front Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Palestina</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nayaf_Hawatmeh&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nayaf Hawatmeh (halaman belum tersedia)">Nayaf Hawatmeh</a> dan penulis <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Nasser" title="Kamal Nasser">Kamal Nasser</a> di sebuah konferensi pers di <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>Padan akhir 1960-an, ketegangan antara warga Palestina dan pemerintah Yordania mulai memuncak; kelompok-kelompok bersenjata Palestina telah membuat keadaan "negara dalam negara" di Yordania, dan menguasai beberapa posisi strategis. Setelah memproklamasikan kemenangan di Karameh, Fatah dan milisi Palestina lainnya mulai menguasai kehidupan publik di Yordania. Mereka menghambat jalan-jalan, mempermalukan kepolisian Yordania secara terbuka, melecehkan kaum perempuan dan memungut pajak-pajak ilegal: semuanya dibiarkan atau diabaikan oleh Arafat.<sup id="cite_ref-Sayigh_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sayigh-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hussein_dari_Yordania" title="Hussein dari Yordania">Raja Hussein</a> menganggap aksi-aksi sepihak ini sebagai ancaman yang berkembang terhadap kedaulatan dan keamanan negaranya, dan berusaha untuk melucti persenjataan para milisi. Namun, dalam upaya menghindar konfrontasi fisik dari pasukan-pasukan tersebut, Hussein mencopot beberapa anggota kabinetnya yang anti-PLO, termasuk beberapa anggota keluarganya sendiri, dan menawarkan jabatan <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Yordania" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Yordania">Perdana Menteri Yordania</a> kepada Arafat. Tawaran ini ditolaknya, atas alasan kepercayaannya bahwa harus ada sebuah <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">negara Palestina</a> yang dipimpin oleh orang Palestina sendiri.<sup id="cite_ref-Black_September_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black_September-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meskipun Raja Hussein berusaha menghalanginya, aksi milisi di Yordania berlanjut. Pada 15 September 1970, PFLP pimpinan <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a> membajak lima pesawat dan mendaratkan tiga di antaranya di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembajakan_Dawson%27s_Field&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembajakan Dawson&#39;s Field (halaman belum tersedia)">Dawson's Field</a>, terletak 30 mil (48&#160;km) sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>. Setelah para penumpang dipaksa keluar dari pesawat, ketiga pesawat tersebut diledakkan. Peristiwa ini menjatuhkan citra Arafat di dunia Barat, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> yang menganggapnya bertanggungjawab mengendalikan faksi Palestina di PLO. Arafat, dibayangi tekanan oleh negara-negara Arab, secara terbuka mengutuk pembajakan tersebut dan membekukan PFLP dari aksi-aksi gerilya selama beberapa pekan; tindakan yang sama dilakukannya setelah PFLP menyerang <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Athena" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Athena">Bandar Udara Internasional Athena</a>. Pemerintah Yordania bergerak untuk mengambil alih wilayahnya, dan keesokan harinya, Raja Hussein mengumumkan keadaan <a href="/wiki/Darurat_militer" title="Darurat militer">darurat militer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Black_September_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black_September-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada hari yang sama, Arafat menjadi panglima tertinggi PLA.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg/220px-Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg/330px-Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg/440px-Nasser_brokering_ceasefire_with_Chairman_Arafat_and_King_Hussein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="683" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption>Presiden Mesir <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> menjadi mediator perdamaian antara Arafat dan Raja Hussein untuk mengakhiri konflik September Hitam, pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=KTT_Liga_Arab_1970&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="KTT Liga Arab 1970 (halaman belum tersedia)">KTT darurat Liga Arab</a>, September 1970</figcaption></figure> <p>Sementara perang berkecamuk, negara-negara Arab lainnya berusaha untuk menegosiasikan perjanjian damai. Sebagai bagian dari usaha ini, Gamal Abdel Nasser memimpin <a href="/w/index.php?title=KTT_Liga_Arab_1970&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="KTT Liga Arab 1970 (halaman belum tersedia)">sebuah KTT Liga Arab</a> di Kairo pada 21 September. Pidato Arafat mengundang simpati dari pemimpin-pemimpin Arab yang hadir. Kepala negara lainnya mengambil sikap berseberangan dengan Hussein, termasuk di antaranya <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> yang mencemoohnya dan ayahnya yang menderita <a href="/wiki/Skizofrenia" title="Skizofrenia">skizofrenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talal_dari_Yordania" title="Talal dari Yordania">Raja Talal</a>. Gencatan senjata disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak, namun Nasser meninggal dunia karena serangan jantung beberapa jam setelah konferensi selesai, dan konflik dimulai lagi segera setelah itu.<sup id="cite_ref-Black_September_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black_September-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 25 September, tentara Yordania telah mengambil alih dominasi, dan dua hari kemudian Arafat dan Raja Hussein menyetujui gencatan senjata di Amman. Militer Yordania menyebabkan ribuan warga Palestina menjadi korban, termasuk warga sipil. Angka korban mencapai 3,500 orang.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah berbagai pelanggaran gencatan senjata dari kedua belah pihak, Arafat akhirnya menyerukan penggulingan Raja Hussein. Yordania membalas dengan memerintahkan pengusiran seluruh pejuang Palestina dari wilayah utara negara itu pada Juni 1971. Pengusiran tersebut itu berhasil, dan Arafat beserta para tangan kanannya terpaksa menyingkir ke sudut-sudut utara Yordania. Mereka menyingkir ke kota <a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Jerash</a>, yang terletak dekat dengan perbatasan Suriah. Dengan bantuan <a href="/wiki/Munib_Masri" class="mw-redirect" title="Munib Masri">Munib Masri</a>, seorang anggota kabinet Yordania pro-Palestina dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fahd_al-Khomeimi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fahd al-Khomeimi (halaman belum tersedia)">Fahd al-Khomeimi</a>, duta besar Arab Saudi untuk Yordania, Arafat berhasil memasuki Suriah bersama sekitar dua ribu pejuangnya. Tetapi, karena hubungan buruk antara Arafat dan Presiden <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> (yang sebelumnya mengudeta <a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a>), para pejuang melintas batas sekali lagi, dan memasuki <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, di mana mereka bergabung dengan pejuang PLO setempat dan mendirikan markas baru.<sup id="cite_ref-Mahran_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahran-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pengakuan_resmi">Pengakuan resmi</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032,_Berlin,_Brandenburger_Tor,_Yasser_Arafat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-K1102-032%2C_Berlin%2C_Brandenburger_Tor%2C_Yasser_Arafat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>Yasser Arafat di <a href="/wiki/Gerbang_Brandenburg" title="Gerbang Brandenburg">Gerbang Brandenburg</a> dalam kunjungannya ke <a href="/wiki/Jerman_Timur" title="Jerman Timur">Jerman Timur</a>, 1971</figcaption></figure> <p>Karena pemerintahan pusat Lebanon yang lemah, PLO dapat menjalankan pemerintahan virtual di wilayah tersebut. Pada masa-masa ini, beberapa faksi kiri PLO mengangkat senjata melawan Israel, melakukan serangan-serangan terhadap warga sipil dan juga menyasar militer, baik di dalam maupun luar Israel. </p><p>Dua peristiwa utama terjadi pada 1972. Organisasi cabang Fatah, <a href="/wiki/Black_September_(organisasi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black September (organisasi)">Black September</a> membajak sebuah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabena_Penerbangan_572&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabena Penerbangan 572 (halaman belum tersedia)">penerbangan Sabena</a> dalam perjalanan ke <a href="/wiki/Wina" title="Wina">Wina</a>, dan memaksanya mendarat di <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Udara_Internasional_Ben_Gurion" title="Bandar Udara Internasional Ben Gurion">Bandar Udara Internasional Ben Gurion</a> di <a href="/wiki/Lod" title="Lod">Lod</a>, Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> PFLP dan <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Merah_Jepang" title="Tentara Merah Jepang">Tentara Merah Jepang</a> melakukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_di_Bandar_Udara_Lod&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian di Bandar Udara Lod (halaman belum tersedia)">penembakan di bandar udara yang sama</a>, membunuh dua puluh empat warga sipil.<sup id="cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Israel kemudian mengklaim bahwa pembunuhan juru bicara PFLP <a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Kanafani" title="Ghassan Kanafani">Ghassan Kanafani</a> merupakan pembalasan atas keterlibatan PFLP dalam merancang serangan sebelumnya. Dua hari kemudian, berbagai faksi PLO membalas dengan meledakkan sebuah terminal bus, membunuh sebelas warga sipil.<sup id="cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22797055">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21477316">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: right; width: 33%;"><p>Tujuan dasar kami adalah untuk membebaskan wilayah dari <a href="/wiki/Laut_Mediterania" class="mw-redirect" title="Laut Mediterania">Laut Mediterania</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Yordan" title="Sungai Yordan">Sungai Yordan</a>. Kami tidak peduli dengan apa yang terjadi pada Juni 1967 atau mengeliminasi konsekuensi perang pada bulan Juni. Apa yang menjadi kepedulian utama revolusi Palestina adalah mencabut akar-akar entitas Zioinis dari tanah kami dan membebaskannya.</p><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8201;<cite>Yasser Arafat, 1970<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Pada <a href="/wiki/Olimpiade_Musim_Panas_1972" title="Olimpiade Musim Panas 1972">Olimpiade Musim Panas 1972</a> di <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a>, Black September <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_M%C3%BCnchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Peristiwa München">menculik dan membunuh sebelas atlet Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa sumber, termasuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Daoud&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Daoud (halaman belum tersedia)">Mohammad Oudeh</a> ("Abu Daoud"), salah satu otak serangan dan <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a>, seorang sejarawan Israel, menyatakan bahwa Black September adalah sayap bersenjata Fatah yang digunakan untuk operasi-operasi paramiliter. Menurut buku Abu Daoud yang diterbitkan pada 1999, "Arafat diberi penjelasan mengenai rencana penculikan di München."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dunia internasional mengutuk serangan ini. Pada 1973–74, Arafat membubarkan Black September, dan memerintahkan PLO untuk menghentikan aksi kekerasan di luar Israel, Tepi Barat, dan Jalur Gaza.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 1974, Dewan Nasional menyetujui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Program_Sepuluh_Poin_PLO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Program Sepuluh Poin PLO (halaman belum tersedia)">Program Sepuluh Poin</a> yang dirumuskan Arafat dan para penasihatnya, dan mengusulkan sebuah kompromi dengan Israel. Dewan menyerukan pendirian sebuah otoritas nasional Palestina sebagai pemerintah setiap wilayah "bebas" Palestina,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang merujuk pada wilayah-wilayah yang dikuasai pasukan Arab pada perang 1948 (Tepi Barat, <a href="/wiki/Yerusalem_Timur" title="Yerusalem Timur">Yerusalem Timur</a> dan Jalur Gaza). Ini menimbulkan ketegangan di antara beberapa faksi PLO; PFLP, DFLP dan beberapa faksi lainnya mendirikan organisasi sempalan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Penolak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Penolak (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Penolak</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Recognition_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recognition-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel dan Amerika menduga bahwa Arafat juga terlibat dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serangan_kedutaan_Arab_Saudi_di_Khartoum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Serangan kedutaan Arab Saudi di Khartoum (halaman belum tersedia)">serangan kedutaan Arab Saudi di Khartoum</a> pada 1973, di mana lima orang diplomat dan lima lainnya terbunuh. Sebuah dokumen <a href="/wiki/Departemen_Luar_Negeri_Amerika_Serikat" title="Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat">Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat</a> tahun 1973, yang dibuka pada 2006, menyimpulkan bahwa "operasi di Khartoum dirancang dan dilaksanakan dengan pengetahuan penuh dan persetujuan pribadi dari Yasser Arafat."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat menolak keterlibatan apa pun dalam serangan ini, dan menyatakan bahwa operasi tersebut dijalankan sendiri oleh Black September. Israel mengklaim bahwa Arafat mengendalikan penuh organisasi ini, dan dituduh telah tidak sepenuhnya meninggalkan cara-cara perjuangan bersenjata.<sup id="cite_ref-Rejectionists_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rejectionists-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22797055"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r21477316"><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: left; width: 33%;"><p>Hari ini saya datang membawa sebuah ranting <a href="/wiki/Zaitun" title="Zaitun">zaitun</a> dan senapan pejuang kebebasan. Jangan biarkan ranting zaitun jatuh dari tangan saya.</p><div class="templatequotecite">—&#8201;<cite>Yasser Arafat di hadapan Majelis Umum PBB, 1974<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-&#39;70s_319_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-&#39;70s_319-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Tetapi, beberapa orang berpengaruh di Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika juga memandang Arafat sebagai seorang diplomat ulung dan negosiator yang dapat mengumpulkan dukungan dari negara-negara Arab. Dokumen lain bertanggal Maret 1973 menunjukkan bahwa Arafat berusaha untuk mengatur sebuah pertemuan antara Presiden Irak dan Emir Kuwait untuk menyelesaikan sengketa mereka.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 1974, PLO dideklarasikan sebagai "satu-satunya perwakilan rakyat Palestina yang sah" dan mendapatkan keanggotaan penuh Liga Arab pada <a href="/w/index.php?title=KTT_Liga_Arab_1974&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="KTT Liga Arab 1974 (halaman belum tersedia)">KTT di Rabat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Recognition_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recognition-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat menjadi perwakilan organisasi nonpemerintah pertama yang berbicara di sidang paripurna <a href="/wiki/Majelis_Umum_Perserikatan_Bangsa-bangsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa">Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa</a>. Dalam pidatonya di PBB, Arafat mengutuk Zionisme, tetapi juga membahas mengenai perdamaian. Ia memakai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarung_pistol&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarung pistol (halaman belum tersedia)">sarung pistol</a> selama berpidato, walaupun tidak membawa senjata apapun. Pidatonya meningkatkan simpati dunia internasional terhadap Palestina.<sup id="cite_ref-Recognition_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Recognition-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah pengakuan resmi tersebut, Arafat menjalin hubungan dengan berbagai pemimpin dunia, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Idi_Amin" title="Idi Amin">Idi Amin</a>. Arafat bahkan menjadi pengiring Amin saat pernikahannya di <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> pada 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perang_Saudara_Lebanon">Perang Saudara Lebanon</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Perang_Saudara_Lebanon" title="Perang Saudara Lebanon">Perang Saudara Lebanon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg/170px-Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg/255px-Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Arafat_in_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Arafat di sebuah kamp pengungsi Palestina di Lebanon Selatan, 1977</figcaption></figure> <p>Walau awalnya ragu-ragu untuk ikut dalam perang ini, Arafat dan Fatah memainkan perang penting selama Perang Saudara Lebanon. Mengalah pada tekanan dari organisasi-organisasi cabang PLO seperti PFLP, DFLP dan <a href="/wiki/Front_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Front Pembebasan Palestina">Front Pembebasan Palestina</a> (PLF), Arafat membawa PLO bertempur di pihak komunis dan <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Nasional_Lebanon" title="Gerakan Nasional Lebanon">Gerakan Nasional Lebanon</a> (LNM) yang berhaluan <a href="/wiki/Nasserisme" title="Nasserisme">Nasseris</a>. LNM, dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Kamal Jumblatt</a>, yang mempunyai hubungan baik dengan Arafat dan pemimpin PLO lainnya. </p><p>Presiden Suriah <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> pada awalnya mendukung Fatah, tetapi kemudian berbalik menentang mereka karena ketakutan akan kehilangan pengaruh di Lebanon. Assad mengirim tentaranya sendiri, diikuti faksi Palestina <a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa&#39;iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a> yang disponsorinya dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Populer_untuk_Pembebasan_Palestina_-_Komando_Umum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Populer untuk Pembebasan Palestina - Komando Umum (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Populer untuk Pembebasan Palestina - Komando Umum</a> (PFLP-GC) yang dipimpin oleh <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a> untuk bertempur bersama radikal Kristen sayap kanan, berhadap-hadapan dengan PLO dan LNM. Unsur-unsur utama barisan Kristen adalah <a href="/wiki/Partai_Kataeb" title="Partai Kataeb">kaum Falangis</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristen Maronite">Maronite</a> yang setia pada <a href="/wiki/Bachir_Gemayel" title="Bachir Gemayel">Bachir Gemayel</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tigers_Militia_(Lebanon)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tigers Militia (Lebanon) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tigers Militia</a> yang dipimpin <a href="/wiki/Dany_Chamoun" title="Dany Chamoun">Dany Chamoun</a>, putra mantan presiden <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chamoun" title="Camille Chamoun">Camille Chamoun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada Februari 1975, seorang anggota parlemen Lebanon pro-Palestina yang berpengaruh, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maarouf_Saad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maarouf Saad (halaman belum tersedia)">Maarouf Saad</a>, ditembak dan tewas, diduga oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Angkatan_Darat_Lebanon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Angkatan Darat Lebanon (halaman belum tersedia)">Angkatan Darat Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kematiannya, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_di_bus_(Perang_Saudara_Lebanon)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian di bus (Perang Saudara Lebanon) (halaman belum tersedia)">pembantaian 27 orang Palestina dan Lebanon</a> yang bepergian menggunakan bus dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_pengungsi_Shatila&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp pengungsi Shatila (halaman belum tersedia)">Sabra dan Shatila</a> ke kamp Tel al-Zaatar oleh pasukan Falangis, memicu pecahnya pembalasan demi pembalasan.<sup id="cite_ref-Chomsky_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chomsky-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat enggan menanggapi dengan kekuatan, tetapi banyak anggota Fatah dan PLO lainnya merasa sebaliknya.<sup id="cite_ref-Sayigh_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sayigh-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Contohnya, DFLP melakukan beberapa serangan terhadap angkatan darat Lebanon. Pada 1976, persekutuan milisi-milisi Kristen yang didukung pemerintah Lebanon dan angkatan darat Suriah mengepung kamp Tel al-Zaatar di sebelah timur <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LAA_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> PLO dan LNM membalas dengan menyerang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Damour&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Damour (halaman belum tersedia)">Damour</a>, basis kekuatan Falangis. 684 orang dibunuh dan lebih banyak yang terluka.<sup id="cite_ref-LAA_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAA-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nisan,_2003_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nisan,_2003-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pembantaian_Tel_al-Zaatar" title="Pembantaian Tel al-Zaatar">Tel al-Zaatar</a> jatuh ke tangan milisi Kristen setelah pengepungan enam bulan, menyebabkan ribuan pengungsi Palestina terbunuh.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat dan Abu Jihad menyalahkan diri mereka sendiri karena gagal menyusun sebuah rencana penyelamatan pengungsi.<sup id="cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg/220px-Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg/330px-Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Sabaghian_Bazargan_Arafat_Sahabi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption>Arafat bersama <a href="/wiki/Perdana_Menteri_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Perdana Menteri Iran">Perdana Menteri Iran</a> <a href="/wiki/Mehdi_Bazargan" title="Mehdi Bazargan">Mehdi Bazargan</a>, beberapa hari setelah <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Iran" title="Revolusi Iran">revolusi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Serangan lintas batas PLO atas Israel meningkat pada akhir 1970-an. Salah satu yang paling berbahaya, dikenal sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembantaian_Coastal_Road&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembantaian Coastal Road (halaman belum tersedia)">pembantaian Coastal Road</a>, terjadi pada 11 Maret 1978. Sekitar selusin pejuang Fatah mendaratkan perahu mereka di dekat sebuah jalan pesisir yang menghubungan kota <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a>. Di sana mereka membajak sebuah bus, menembak di dalamnya dan ke kendaraan lain yang sedang lewat, membunuh tiga puluh tujuh warga sipil.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebagai balasannya, Israel melancarkan <a href="/wiki/Konflik_Lebanon_Selatan_1978" title="Konflik Lebanon Selatan 1978">Operasi Litani</a> tiga hari kemudian, dengan tujuan merebut kendali atas wilayah selatan Lebanon hingga <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Litani" title="Sungai Litani">Sungai Litani</a>. Israel berhasil menang, dan Arafat menarik pasukannya ke utara, menuju <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg/220px-Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg/330px-Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Arafat_Darwish_Habash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="440" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>Arafat bersama penyair Palestina <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish" title="Mahmoud Darwish">Mahmoud Darwish</a> (tengah) dan pemimpin PFLP <a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a> (kanan) di <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, 1980</figcaption></figure> <p>Setelah Israel menarik diri dari Lebanon, konflik lintas batas antara PLO dan Israel berlanjut, meskipun antara Agustus 1981 hingga Mei 1982, PLO mengadopsi kebijakan sepihak untuk menolak merespon provokasi.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beirut dikepung dan dibombardir oleh Israel;<sup id="cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dan Arafat mendeklarasikan kota itu sebagai "<a href="/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> untuk tentara Israel."<sup id="cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fase pertama perang berakhir dan Arafat (yang tengah memimpin pasukan Fatah di Tel al-Zaatar) berhasil menyelamatkan diri dengan bantuan diplomat Saudi dan Kuwait.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Menjelang berakhirnya pengepungan, Amerika dan negara-negara Eropa mengusahakan sebuah persetujuan untuk menjamin keamanan Arafat dan PLO, dikawal oleh sebuah pasukan multinasional beranggotakan delapan ratus prajurit <a href="/wiki/Korps_Marinir_Amerika_Serikat" title="Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat">Korps Marinir Amerika Serikat</a> didukung oleh <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Laut_Amerika_Serikat" title="Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat">Angkatan Laut</a>, menuju pengasingan di <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arafat kembali ke Lebanon setahun setelah dia meninggalkan Beirut, kali ini membangun basisnya di kota wilayah utara <a href="/wiki/Tripoli" title="Tripoli">Tripoli</a>. Kali ini Arafat diusir oleh seorang kolega Palestina yang bekerja di bawah Hafez al-Assad. Arafat tidak kembali lagi ke Lebanon setelah kepergian keduanya, meskipun banyak pejuang Fatah yang kembali.<sup id="cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia_dan_Intifada_pertama">Tunisia dan Intifada pertama</h3></div> <p>Hingga 1993, pusat operasi Arafat dan Fatah terletak di Tunis, ibu kota <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>. Pada 1985, dia selamat dari percobaan pembunuhan dari tentara Israel ketika beberapa <a href="/w/index.php?title=F-15E_Strike_Eagle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="F-15E Strike Eagle (halaman belum tersedia)">F15</a> membombardir markasnya di sana sebagai bagian dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Wooden_Leg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Wooden Leg (halaman belum tersedia)">Operation Wooden Leg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada tahun 1980-an, Arafat menerima bantuan keuangan dari Libya, Irak, dan Arab Saudi, yang dapat membantunya membangun kembali PLO yang terserak karena perang. Bantuan ini terbukti berguna saat pecahnya <a href="/wiki/Intifada_Pertama" class="mw-redirect" title="Intifada Pertama">Intifada Pertama</a> pada Desember 1987, yang dimulai sebagai sebuah kebangkitan rakyat Palestina menentang pendudukan Israel atas Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza. Kata "intifada" dalam bahasa Arab secara harfiah berarti "getaran", tetapi secara umum dipakai untuk menyebut sebuah kebangkitan atau revolusi.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fase pertama Intifada dimulai dengan sebuah insiden di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pintu_perbatasan_Erez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pintu perbatasan Erez (halaman belum tersedia)">pintu perbatasan Erez</a>, di mana empat warga Palestina dari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamp_pengungsi_Jabaliya&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamp pengungsi Jabaliya (halaman belum tersedia)">kamp pengungsi Jabaliya</a> terbunuh dalam sebuah kecelakaan lalu lintas yang melibatkan seorang pengemudi Israel. Kabar merebak bahwa kematian tersebut merupakan aksi balas dendam dari kejadian pembunuhan seorang Israel yang tengah berbelanja di Gaza oleh seorang Palestina empat hari sebelumnya. Kerusuhan massal meledak sepanjang pekan, dan sebagian atas permintaan Abu Jihad, Arafat berusaha mengarahkan revolusi baru ini, yang berlanjut hingga 1992–93. Abu Jihad sebelumnya ditugaskan sebagai pemimpin komando PLO di wilayah Palestina dan menurut biografer <a href="/wiki/Said_Aburish" title="Said Aburish">Said Aburish</a>, mempunyai "pengetahuan luar biasa mengenai kondisi setempat" dalam wilayah-wilayah yang dikuasai Israel. Pada 16 April 1988, saat Intifada tengah membara, Abu Jihad dibunuh di rumahnya di Tunis, diduga oleh regu tembak Israel. Arafat memandang Abu Jihad sebagai penyeimbang dari PLO pada kepemimpinan setempat di Palestina, dan memimpin prosesi pemakamannya di <a href="/wiki/Damaskus" title="Damaskus">Damaskus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Taktik paling umum yang digunakan oleh rakyat Palestina selama Intifada adalah melempar batu, <a href="/wiki/Bom_molotov" title="Bom molotov">bom molotov</a>, dan membakar ban.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Beberapa pemimpin setempat di kota-kota Tepi Barat melakukan protes tanpa kekerasan terhadap pendudukan Israel dengan menolak membayar pajak dan memboikot barang-barang Israel; Israel kemudian merespon dengan merampas sejumlah besar uang dalam razia rumah ke rumah rakyat.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Di saat Intifada mulai akan selesai, kelompok bersenjata Palestina baru muncul, terutama <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jihad_Islam_Palestina" title="Jihad Islam Palestina">Jihad Islam Palestina</a>, yang mulai melancarkan serangan terhadap Israel menggunakan taktik <a href="/wiki/Bom_bunuh_diri" class="mw-redirect" title="Bom bunuh diri">bom bunuh diri</a>. Kecamuk internal antara rakyat Palestina meningkat secara dramatis.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perjuangan_damai">Perjuangan damai</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perubahan_haluan">Perubahan haluan</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068,_Berlin,_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR,_Empfang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068%2C_Berlin%2C_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR%2C_Empfang.jpg/250px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068%2C_Berlin%2C_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR%2C_Empfang.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068%2C_Berlin%2C_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR%2C_Empfang.jpg/375px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068%2C_Berlin%2C_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR%2C_Empfang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068%2C_Berlin%2C_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR%2C_Empfang.jpg/500px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1989-1007-068%2C_Berlin%2C_40._Jahrestag_der_DDR%2C_Empfang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Arafat hadir di resepsi hari kemerdekaan Jerman Timur ke-40 di <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Oktober 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 15 November 1988, PLO memproklamirkan kemerdekaan <a href="/wiki/Negara_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Palestina">Negara Palestina</a>. Pada pidato-pidatonya tanggal 13 dan 14 Desember, Arafat menyatakan menerima <a href="/wiki/Resolusi_242_Dewan_Keamanan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Resolusi 242 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Resolusi 242 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>, hak Israel untuk "hidup dalam kedamaian dan keamanan", dan menolak "terorisme dalam seluruh bentuknya, termasuk terorisme yang didukung oleh negara."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pernyataan Arafat disambut baik oleh Amerika Serikat, yang telah lama mendesak pernyataan seperti ini sebagai titik mulai perundingan resmi antara Amerika dan PLO. Kata-kata Arafat ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa PLO telah meninggalkan salah satu dari tujuan utamanya: penghancuran Israel (seperti yang dinyatakan secara eksplisit dalam <a href="/w/index.php?title=Piagam_Nasional_Palestina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Piagam Nasional Palestina (halaman belum tersedia)">Piagam Nasional Palestina</a>), dan menuju pendirian dua entitas yang berbeda: sebuah negara Israel dengan garis perbatasan 1949, dan sebuah negara Arab di Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza.Pada 2 April 1989, Arafat dipilih oleh Dewan Pusat Dewan Nasional Palestina, badan tertinggi PLO, untuk menjadi Presiden Palestina yang pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sebelum <a href="/wiki/Perang_Teluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Teluk">Perang Teluk</a> pada 1990–91, ketika arus Intifada mulai melemah, Arafat mendukung invasi <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> atas <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> dan menentang serangan koalisi pimpinan Amerika atas Irak. Dia mengambil keputusan ini tanpa melibatkan pemimpin Fatah dan PLO lainnya. Tangan kanan Arafat, Abu Iyad, menyatakan tetap netral dan menentang sebuah persekutuan dengan Saddam; pada 17 Januari 1991, dia dibunuh oleh organisasi <a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal</a>. </p><p>Keputusan Arafat ini juga memperburuk hubungan dengan Mesir dan negara-negara Arab penghasil minyak lainnya, yang mendukung koalisi pimpinan Amerika. Banyak warga Amerika juga menganggap posisi Arafat terhadap Irak sebagai alasan untuk tidak menganggapnya sebagai rekan untuk perdamaian Palestina. Setelah berakhirnya perang, banyak negara Arab yang mendukung koalisi memotong dana bantuan ke PLO dan mulai menyumbang ke organisasi rivalnya seperti Hamas, dan juga faksi Islamis lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Intifada_64-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perjanjian_Oslo">Perjanjian Oslo</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Bill_Clinton,_Yitzhak_Rabin,_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg/220px-Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg/330px-Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg/440px-Bill_Clinton%2C_Yitzhak_Rabin%2C_Yasser_Arafat_at_the_White_House_1993-09-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="411" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> dan Arafat bersalaman setelah menandatangani perjanjian, disaksi <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, 13 September 1993</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada awal 1990-an, Arafat dan para pemimpin Fatah lainnya mulai terlibat dalam serangkaian perundingan rahasia dengan Israel, yang membuahkan <a href="/wiki/Persetujuan_Damai_Oslo" class="mw-redirect" title="Persetujuan Damai Oslo">Perjanjian Oslo</a> pada 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Rejectionists_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rejectionists-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palestinian_peace_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestinian_peace-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Persetujuan ini menyetujui implementasi pemerintahan Palestina yang berdaulat di Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza selama lima tahun, diikuti pembatalan dan pemindahan secara bertahap seluruh permukiman Israel di sana. Perjanjian ini mengamanatkan pendirian sebuah pasukan keamanan Palestina yang beranggotakan warga lokal dan perantauan, untuk menjaga keamanan Palestina. Pemerintahan sementara Palestina bertanggungjawab atas pendidikan, kebudayaan, kesejahteraan sosial, pajak, dan pariwisata. Kedua belah pihak juga menyetujui pendirian komite kerja sama dan koordinasi dalam bidang ekonomi, termasuk infrastruktur, industri, perdagangan, dan komunikasi.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/225px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/338px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg/450px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_THE_NOBEL_PEACE_PRIZE_LAUREATES_FOR_1994_IN_OSLO..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres dan Yasser Arafat dengan Hadiah Nobel masing-masing</figcaption></figure> <p>Sebelum penandatangan perjanjian, Arafat sebagai Ketua PLO dan perwakilan resminya, menandatangani dua surat yang secara resmi menanggalkan perjuangan dengan kekerasan dan mengakui Israel secara resmi. Perdana Menteri <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, mewakili Israel, juga secara resmi mengakui PLO.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tahun berikutnya, Arafat dan Rabin dianugerahkan <a href="/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel_Perdamaian" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian">Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian</a>, bersama <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Oslo_Accords_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oslo_Accords-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reaksi rakyat Palestina umumnya campur aduk. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_Penolak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Front Penolak (halaman belum tersedia)">Front Penolak</a> di PLO yang bersekutu dengan kaum Islamis mengambil sikap menentang. Perjanjian itu juga ditolak oleh sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Pengungsi_Palestina" title="Pengungsi Palestina">pengungsi Palestina</a> di Lebanon, Suriah, dan Yordania, dan juga oleh banyak intelektual Palestina dan pemimpin setempat di wilayah Palestina. Tetapi, warga Palestina sendiri secara umum menerima perjanjian ini, terutama karena janji Arafat untuk perdamaian dan kesejahteraan ekonomi.<sup id="cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membentuk_Otoritas_Nasional">Membentuk Otoritas Nasional</h3></div> <p>Sebagai implementasi dari perjanjian Oslo, Arafat diminta untuk mendirikan otoritas PLO di Tepi Barat di Jalur Gaza. Arafat bersikeras bahwa dukungan finansial untuk otoritas baru ini adalah sangat penting, dan dia memerlukannya untuk mengamankan dukungan atas perjanjian itu dari warga Palestina yang tinggal di daerah-daerah yang akan diperintah oleh otoritas. Namun, negara-negara Arab di Teluk (yang biasanya mendukung Arafat dan menyediakannya dana) tetap menolak untuk memberi PLO dana dalam bentuk apapun karena dukungan Arafat kepada Iraq dalam <a href="/wiki/Perang_Teluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Teluk">Perang Teluk</a> pada 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Qurei" title="Ahmed Qurei">Ahmed Qurei</a>, salah satu negosiator PLO di Oslo, mengumumkan bahwa PLO telah bangkrut.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres,_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres%2C_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg/220px-World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres%2C_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres%2C_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg/330px-World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres%2C_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres%2C_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg/440px-World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_1996_-_Peres%2C_Arafat_%26_Schwab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Arafat, Peres, dan <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Schwab" title="Klaus Schwab">Klaus Schwab</a> di pertemuan tahunan <a href="/wiki/Forum_Ekonomi_Dunia" title="Forum Ekonomi Dunia">Forum Ekonomi Dunia</a> 1996</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 1994, Arafat pindah ke <a href="/wiki/Kota_Gaza" title="Kota Gaza">Kota Gaza</a>, salah satu wilayah yang dikendalikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Otoritas_Nasional_Palestina" title="Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Otoritas Nasional Palestina</a> (PNA), entitas pemerintahan sementara yang terbentuk hasil Perjanjian Oslo.<sup id="cite_ref-Oslo_Accords_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oslo_Accords-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat menjadi <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Presiden_Otoritas_Nasional_Palestina" title="Daftar Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Presiden</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_Perdana_Menteri_Otoritas_Nasional_Palestina" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar Perdana Menteri Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Perdana Menteri</a> PNA, Panglima <a href="/wiki/Tentara_Pembebasan_Palestina" title="Tentara Pembebasan Palestina">Tentara Pembebasan Palestina</a>, dan Ketua <a href="/wiki/Dewan_Legislatif_Palestina" title="Dewan Legislatif Palestina">Dewan Legislatif Palestina</a>. Pada bulan Juli, setelah PNA dideklarasikan sebagai pemerintahan resmi Palestina, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstitusi_Palestina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstitusi Palestina (halaman belum tersedia)"><i>Basic Laws of the Palestinian National Authority</i></a> dipublikasikan<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dalam tiga versi yang berbeda oleh PLO. Arafat bergerak terus dengan menciptakan struktur pemerintahan PNA. Ia mendirikan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komite_Eksekutif_PLO&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Komite Eksekutif PLO (halaman belum tersedia)">Komite Eksekutif PLO</a>, sebuah kabinet yang beranggotakan dua puluh orang. Arafat juga memanfaatkan kekuasaan barunya ini untuk mengganti dan menunjuk para wali kota dan anggota dewan kota untuk kota-kota besar seperti Gaza dan <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>. Dia mulai mengatur organisasi-organisasi nonpemerintah yang bekerja di bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, dan pelayanan sosial di bawah otoritasnya dengan mengganti pemimpin dan direktur mereka dengan pejabat-pejabat PNA. Arafat kemudian mengangkat dirinya sendiri sebagai ketua organisasi keuangan Palestina yang didirikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bank_Dunia" title="Bank Dunia">Bank Dunia</a> untuk mengendalikan dana bantuan untuk entitas baru Palestina ini.<sup id="cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arafat mendirikan sebuah kepolisian Palestina, dinamai <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Preventive_Security_Service&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Preventive Security Service (halaman belum tersedia)">Preventive Security Service</a></i> (PSS), yang mulai bertugas pada 13 Mei. Kepolisian ini kebanyakan beranggotakan tentara-tentara Palestina dan sukarelawan asing di Palestina. Arafat menunjuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammed_Dahlan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammed Dahlan (halaman belum tersedia)">Mohammed Dahlan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a> untuk mengetuai kepolisian ini.<sup id="cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-After_Oslo-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama November hingga Desember 1995, Arafat berkeliling di beberapa kota Palestina yang telah dibebaskan dari pasukan Israel, seperti <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a>, Nablus, <a href="/wiki/Qalqilyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalqilyah">Qalqilyah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a>, dan mendeklarasikan bahwa kota-kota tersebut telah dibebaskan. Pada saat yang sama, Otoritas Nasional juga merebut kendali atas layanan pos di Tepi Barat.<sup id="cite_ref-PASSIA_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PASSIA-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 20 Januari 1996, Arafat terpilih sebagai Presiden Otoritas Nasional, dengan meraih suara mayoritas 88,2% (kandidat lainnya adalah pengorganisir acara amal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samiha_Khalil&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samiha Khalil (halaman belum tersedia)">Samiha Khalil</a>). Namun, karena <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, DFLP, dan pergerakan oposisi lainnya memilih untuk memboikot pemilihan ini, pilihan kandidat presiden menjadi terbatas. Kemenangan mutlak Arafat ini memastikan pula dominasi Fatah di Dewan Legislatif, di mana mereka menguasai 51 dari 88 kursi. Setelah Arafat terpilih, dia mulai kerap dipanggil "Ra'is', (secara harfiah berarti "presiden" dalam bahasa Arab), meskipun dia sendiri menyebut dirinya sebagai "jenderal".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1997, Dewan Legislatif menuduh cabang eksekutif PNA telah melakukan salah urus keuangan negara, sehingga menyebabkan pengunduran diri empat anggota kabinet Arafat, meski dia sendiri menolak mengundurkan diri dari posisinya.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Perjanjian_damai_lainnya">Perjanjian damai lainnya</h3></div> <p>Pada pertengahan 1996, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> terpilih menjadi Perdana Menteri Israel dengan selisih suara hanya satu persen. Hubungan Palestine-Israel semakin memanas, buah dari konflik yang berlanjut.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Meskipun adanya perjanjian antara Israel dan PLO, Netanyahu menolak status negara Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 1998, Presiden Amerika Serikat <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> berusaha membujuk kedua pemimpin ini untuk bertemu. Hasil pertemuan tersebut adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Memorandum_Wye_River&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Memorandum Wye River (halaman belum tersedia)">Memorandum Wye River</a>, yang merinci langkah-langkah yang akan diambil oleh kedua belah pihak untuk menyempurnakan proses perdamaian.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg/220px-Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg/330px-Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg/440px-Yasser-arafat-1999-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="703" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Arafat dengan anggota kabinet Otoritas Nasional dalam sebuah rapat di <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a>, 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>Arafat melanjutkan negosiasi dengan pengganti Netanyahu, <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, pada pertemuan di <a href="/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>, bulan Juli 2000. Dipengaruhi oleh ideologi politik (Barak berasal dari Partai Buruh yang berideologi kiri, sedang Netanyahu berasal dari partai sayap kanan <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a>) dan karena desakan kompromi oleh Presiden Clinton, Barak menawarkan Arafat sebuah negara Palestina yang terdiri atas 73 persen dari Tepi Barat dan seluruh Jalur Gaza. Persentase kedaulatan Palestina atas Tepi Barat akan bertambah sampai 90 persen dalam jangka waktu sepuluh hingga dua puluh lima tahun. Barak turut menawarkan pemulangan pengungsi dalam jumlah kecil dan kompensasi untuk mereka yang tidak diperbolehkan kembali. Otoritas Palestina juga akan mempunyai hak "penjagaan" atas <a href="/wiki/Al-Haram_asy-Syarif" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Haram asy-Syarif">Al-Haram asy-Syarif</a>, kedaulatan atas seluruh situs suci umat Islam dan Kristen, serta tiga perempat atas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Quarter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Old Quarter (halaman belum tersedia)">Old Quarter</a> di Yerusalem. Arafat menolak tawaran ini, dan tidak memberikan tawaran balasan dengan segera.<sup id="cite_ref-Palestinian_peace_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palestinian_peace-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dia memberitahu Presiden Clinton bahwa "seorang pemimpin Arab yang bersedia menyerahkan Yerusalem belumlah lahir."<sup id="cite_ref-Arafat_Timeline_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Setelah pecahnya <a href="/wiki/Intifadhah_al-Aqsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Intifadhah al-Aqsha">Intifadhah al-Aqsha</a> pada bulan September 2000, negosiasi berlanjut di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pertemuan_Taba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pertemuan Taba (halaman belum tersedia)">Pertemuan Taba</a> pada Januari 2001; kali ini Ehud Barak tak menghadiri pertemuan untuk berkampanye di pemilihan umum Israel. Pada Oktober dan Desember 2001, pengeboman buuh diri oleh kelompok militan Palestina mulai intensif, disusul serangan balasan dari Israel. Setelah terpilihnya <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> pada bulan Februrari, negosiasi damai mulai melangkah mundur. Pemilihan umum Palestina yang dijadwalkan pada bulan Januari 2002 ditunda, dan alasan yang diberikan adalah keadaan darurat yang disebabkan oleh Intifadha, sehingga tidak memungkinkan adanya kampanye terbuka dan pemilihan umum. Pada bulan yang sama, Sharon memerintahkan pengepungan Arafat di markas <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukata%27a&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukata&#39;a (halaman belum tersedia)">Mukata'a</a>-nya di Ramallah, setelah sebuah serangan atas kota <a href="/wiki/Hadera" title="Hadera">Hadera</a> di Israel;<sup id="cite_ref-Arafat_Timeline_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arafat_Timeline-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Presiden Amerika Serikat <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> mendukung langkah Sharon, seraya menyebut Arafat sebagai "pengganggu perdamaian".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Akhir_hayat">Akhir hayat</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Mausoleo_Arafat_(Muqata,_Ramallah)_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG/220px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG/330px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG/440px-Mausoleo_Arafat_%28Muqata%2C_Ramallah%29_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2253" data-file-height="1587" /></a><figcaption>Mausoleum Arafat</figcaption></figure> <p>Laporan terawal tentang menurunnya kondisi kesehatan Arafat dirilis pada 25 Oktober 2004, setelah ia muntah dalam sebuah rapat. Keadaannya menurun dalam beberhapa hari selanjutnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Government_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Government-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Setelah kunjungan oleh dokter lain (termasuk tim dokter dari Tunisia, Yordania, Mesir), Israel setuju untuk memberikannya izin untuk menjalani perawatan di luar negeri. Arafat dibawa ke Prancis dengan menggunakan pesawat dari pemerintah Prancis, dan dirawat di rumah sakit militer Percy di <a href="/wiki/Clamart" title="Clamart">Clamart</a>, pinggiran Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-Funeral_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funeral-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada 3 November, kondisinya semakin menurun menjadi koma.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arafat diumumkan meninggalkan dunia pada pukul 3:30 AM <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> pada 11 November 2004, dalam usia 75 tahun. Tim dokter Prancis yang merawatnya menyatakan pendarahan hebat pada <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_serebrovaskular" title="Penyakit serebrovaskular">penyakit serebrovaskular</a> sebagai penyebab kematiannya. <sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pada awalnya, rekam medis Arafat tidak dirilis oleh para pejabat tinggi Palestina, dan istrinya meminta agar tidak diselenggarakan otopsi.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tim dokter Prancis juga menyatakan bahwa Arafat mengalami kondisi pendarahan yang disebut <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Disseminated_intravascular_coagulation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Disseminated intravascular coagulation (halaman belum tersedia)">disseminated intravascular coagulation</a></i>, meskipun tidak dapat dipastikan gangguan tersebut juga menyebabkan kematiannya.<sup id="cite_ref-TelegraphGastro_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelegraphGastro-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APGastro_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APGastro-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ketika berita kematian Arafat diumumkan, rakyat Palestina berkabung duka; dengan bacaan <a href="/wiki/Al-Qur%27an" title="Al-Qur&#39;an">Al-Qur'an</a> dari pengeras suara di masjid-masjid sepanjang Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza, dan pembakaran ban di jalanan.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Otoritas Palestina dan kamp-kamp pengungsi di Lebanon mengumumkan masa berkabung selama 40 hari.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pemakaman">Pemakaman</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg/220px-Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg/330px-Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg/440px-Yasser_Arafat%27s_tombstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Garda Kehormatan sedang mengawal makam Arafat yang dibuka pada 10 November 2007 di kompleks kepresidenan Mukataa, Ramallah</figcaption></figure> <p>Pada 11 November 2004, sepasukan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Garda_Kehormatan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Garda Kehormatan (halaman belum tersedia)">Garda Kehormatan</a> <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Darat_Prancis" title="Angkatan Darat Prancis">Angkatan Darat Prancis</a> menyelenggarakan upacara penghormatan militer singkat untuk Arafat, dengan keranda jenazahnya diselimuti dengan <a href="/wiki/Bendera_Palestina" title="Bendera Palestina">bendera Palestina</a>. Sebuah band militer memainkan lagu kebangsaan Prancis dan Palestina, dan mars pemakaman Chopin.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Presiden_Prancis" title="Presiden Prancis">Presiden Prancis</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> berdiri di samping keranda Arafat selama sepuluh menit untuk memberikan penghormatan terakhir pada seseorang yang ia sebut sebagai "lelaki yang penuh keberanian".<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keesokan harinya, jenazah Arafat diterbangkan dari Paris dalam sebuah pesawat pengangkut milik <a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Udara_Prancis" class="mw-redirect" title="Angkatan Udara Prancis">Angkatan Udara Prancis</a> menuju Kairo, Mesir, untuk upacara pemakaman militer singkat di sana yang dihadiri sejumlah kepala negara, kepala pemerintahan, dan menteri luar negeri.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ulama besar Mesir <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sayyid_Tantawy" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Sayyid Tantawy">Sayed Tantawi</a> memimpin salat jenazah sebelum upacara pemakaman tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Funeral_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funeral-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Israel menolak keinginan Arafat untuk dimakamkan dekat dengan Masjid al-Aqsa atau di mana saja dalam kota Yerusalem, mengkhawatirkan faktor keamanan.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Israel juga mengkhawatiri bahwa pemakamannya akan memperkuat klaim Palestina atas Yerusalem Timur.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Selepas upacara di Kairo, Arafat kemudian dimakamkan sementara di <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukataa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukataa (halaman belum tersedia)">Mukataa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>; puluhan ribu rakyat Palestina menghadiri upacara ini.<sup id="cite_ref-Funeral_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funeral-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arafat dimakamkan dalam sebuah keranda, dan juru bicara Otoritas <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a> mengatakan bahwa ia akan dimakamkan kembali di Yerusalem Timur setelah berdirinya sebuah negara Palestina. Setelah Sheikh Taissir Tamimi menemukan bahwa Arafat tidak dimakamkan dengan baik (ia dimakamkan dengan keranda, yang menyalahi aturan pemakaman Islam), jenazahnya dimakamkan kembali pada pagi hari tanggal 13 November, sekitar pukul 3:00 dini hari.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 10 November 2007, menjelang ulang tahun ketiga peringatan kematian Arafat, Presiden <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> meresmikan sebuah <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleum</a> yang didedikasikan untuknya.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kehidupan_pribadi">Kehidupan pribadi</h2></div> <p>Pada 1990, Arafat menikahi <a href="/wiki/Suha_Arafat" title="Suha Arafat">Suha Tawil</a>, seorang <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Palestina" title="Kristen Palestina">Kristen Palestina</a>. Dia berusia 61 tahun dan Suha 27 tahun pada saat pernikahan tersebut. Sebelumnya, ia bekerja sebagai sekretaris Arafat di Tunis, setelah ibunya memperkenalkannya dengan Arafat di Prancis.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Suha_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suha-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebelum menikah, Arafat telah mengadopsi sekitar lima puluh anak yatim Palestina.<sup id="cite_ref-timeexpecting_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timeexpecting-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 25 Juli 1995, Suha melahirkan putri mereka di <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, Prancis.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Anak tersebut diberi nama <a href="/wiki/Zahwa_Arafat" title="Zahwa Arafat">Zahwa</a>, yaitu nama mendiang ibu Arafat.<sup id="cite_ref-Suha_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suha-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Selama pernikahannya, Suha beberapa kali berusaha meninggalkan Arafat, tetapi tidak diizinkan oleh suaminya.<sup id="cite_ref-star1_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star1-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ia menyesali pernikahannya dengan Arafat, dan mengatakan jika ia diberi satu peluang lagi, ia tidak akan menikahinya.<sup id="cite_ref-star1_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star1-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arafat pernah nyaris tewas pada 7 April 1992, yaitu ketika pesawat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Air_Bissau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Air Bissau (halaman belum tersedia)">Air Bissau</a> yang ditumpanginya jatuh di <a href="/wiki/Gurun_Libya" title="Gurun Libya">Gurun Libya</a> akibat terserang <a href="/wiki/Badai_pasir" title="Badai pasir">badai pasir</a>. Seorang pilot dan seorang insinyur meninggal dunia; sedangkan Arafat hanya mengalami memar dan syok.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sumber">Sumber</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Catatan_kaki_dan_referensi">Catatan kaki dan referensi</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/403/000022337/">Yasser Arafat – NNDB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FatahF-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FatahF_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FatahF_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;33–67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=33-67&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> Aburish mengatakan bahwa tanggal pendirian Fatah tidak jelas, tetapi klaim pendirian pada 1959 diterbitkan oleh majalahnya sendiri.<br />Zeev Schiff, Raphael Rothstein (1972). <i>Fedayeen; Guerillas Against Israel</i>. McKay, p.58; Schiff dan Rothstein menyebutkan bahwa Fatah berdiri pada tahun 1959.<br /> <a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Khalil al-Wazir</a> menyatakan pertemuan formal pertama Fatah adalah pada bulan Oktober 1959. Lihat Anat N. Kurz (2005) <i>Fatah and the Politics of Violence: The Institutionalization of a Popular Struggle</i>. Brighton, Portland: Sussex Academic Press (Jaffee Centre for Strategic Studies), pp. 29–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arafat_reviled_particularly-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Arafat_reviled_particularly_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kershner, Isabel (4 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/07/05/world/middleeast/palestinians-may-exhume-arafat-after-report-of-poisoning.html">"Palestinians May Exhume Arafat After Report of Poisoning"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Palestinians+May+Exhume+Arafat+After+Report+of+Poisoning&amp;rft.date=2012-07-04&amp;rft.au=Kershner%2C+Isabel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F05%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fpalestinians-may-exhume-arafat-after-report-of-poisoning.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Washington_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hockstader, Lee (11 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A41509-2004Nov10.html">"A Dreamer Who Forced His Cause Onto World Stage"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=A+Dreamer+Who+Forced+His+Cause+Onto+World+Stage&amp;rft.date=2004-11-11&amp;rft.aulast=Hockstader&amp;rft.aufirst=Lee&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA41509-2004Nov10.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alon-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alon_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Alon, Gideon; <a href="/wiki/Amira_Hass" title="Amira Hass">Amira Hass</a> (14 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001004133/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=197188&amp;contrassID=1&amp;subContrassID=0&amp;sbSubContrassID=0">"MI chief: terror groups trying hard to pull off mega-attack"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=197188&amp;contrassID=1&amp;subContrassID=0&amp;sbSubContrassID=0">versi asli</a> tanggal 2007-10-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Haaretz&amp;rft.atitle=MI+chief%3A+terror+groups+trying+hard+to+pull+off+mega-attack&amp;rft.date=2002-08-14&amp;rft.aulast=Alon&amp;rft.aufirst=Gideon&amp;rft.au=Amira+Hass&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D197188%26contrassID%3D1%26subContrassID%3D0%26sbSubContrassID%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Making_of_a_Palestinian_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;7–32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=7-32&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Birth-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Birth_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tidak jelas dan masih diperdebatkan hingga kini, beberapa sumber termasuk Tony Walker, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Gowers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gowers (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrew Gowers</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hart_(penulis)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Hart (penulis) (halaman belum tersedia)">Alan Hart</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Said K. Aburish</a> menyebutkan Kairo sebagai tempat kelahirannya, tetapi yang lain menyebut Yerusalem dan Gaza. Lihat di <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/arafat-bio.html">sini</a> dan <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/890161.stm">di sini</a> untuk informasi lebih lanjut. Beberapa juga percaya bahwa penyebutan Yerusalem sebagai tempat lahir Arafat mungkin sebuah rumor yang <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/arafat.html">dibuat oleh KGB</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bernadette Brexe (2003). "Yasser Arafat". The Rosen Publishing Group. hlm.&#160;12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Yasser+Arafat&amp;rft.pages=12&amp;rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.au=Bernadette+Brexe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Tidak memiliki atau membutuhkan <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#cite_web_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/fyi/school.tools/profiles/Yasser.Arafat/student.storypage.html">"Yasser Arafat: Homeland a dream for Palestinian Authority Chief"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/CNN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN News">CNN News</a></i>. Cable News Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN+News&amp;rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%3A+Homeland+a+dream+for+Palestinian+Authority+Chief&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Ffyi%2Fschool.tools%2Fprofiles%2FYasser.Arafat%2Fstudent.storypage.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danny_Rubenstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Danny Rubenstein (halaman belum tersedia)">Rubenstein, Dany</a> (1995). <i>The Mystery of Arafat</i>. New York: Steerforth Press. hlm.&#160;38. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-883642-10-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-883642-10-5">978-1-883642-10-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Arafat&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=38&amp;rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-883642-10-5&amp;rft.aulast=Rubenstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Dany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;46. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=46&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hasilan_otomatis1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hasilan_otomatis1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;31–32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=31-32&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hart_(writer)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Hart (writer) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hart, Alan</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb0000hart"><i>Arafat</i></a>. Sidgwick and Jackson. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb0000hart/page/99">99</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-283-06220-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-283-06220-9">978-0-283-06220-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat&amp;rft.pages=99&amp;rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-283-06220-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hart&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatpoliticalb0000hart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mattar, Phillip (12 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/al-Ramla/al-Ramla/Story175.html">"Biography of Khalil al-Wazir (Abu Jihad)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the Palestinians</i>. Facts on File; 1st edition<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Palestinians&amp;rft.atitle=Biography+of+Khalil+al-Wazir+%28Abu+Jihad%29&amp;rft.date=2000-11-12&amp;rft.aulast=Mattar&amp;rft.aufirst=Phillip&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2Fal-Ramla%2Fal-Ramla%2FStory175.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fatah_and_Road_to_1967_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;33–67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=33-67&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hussein, Hassan Khalil. <i>Abu Iyad, Unknown Pages of his Life</i>. hlm.&#160;64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Abu+Iyad%2C+Unknown+Pages+of+his+Life&amp;rft.pages=64&amp;rft.aulast=Hussein&amp;rft.aufirst=Hassan+Khalil&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_K._Cooley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John K. Cooley (halaman belum tersedia)">Cooley, John K.</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenmarchblacks00john"><i>Green March, Black September</i></a>. Frank Crass &amp; Co. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greenmarchblacks00john/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7146-2987-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7146-2987-2">978-0-7146-2987-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Green+March%2C+Black+September&amp;rft.pages=100&amp;rft.pub=Frank+Crass+%26+Co.&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7146-2987-2&amp;rft.aulast=Cooley&amp;rft.aufirst=John+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreenmarchblacks00john&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bassam_Abu_Sharif&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bassam Abu Sharif (halaman belum tersedia)">Abu Sharif, Bassam</a>; Uzi Mahmaini (1996). <i>Tried by Fire</i>. Time Warner Paperbacks. hlm.&#160;33. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7515-1636-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7515-1636-4">978-0-7515-1636-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Tried+by+Fire&amp;rft.pages=33&amp;rft.pub=Time+Warner+Paperbacks&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7515-1636-4&amp;rft.aulast=Abu+Sharif&amp;rft.aufirst=Bassam&amp;rft.au=Uzi+Mahmaini&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Gowers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gowers (halaman belum tersedia)">Gowers, Andrew</a>; Tony Walker (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/behindmyth00andr"><i>Behind the Myth: Yasser Arafat and the Palestinian Revolution</i></a>. Interlink Pub Group Inc. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/behindmyth00andr/page/n95">65</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-940793-86-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-940793-86-6">978-0-940793-86-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Behind+the+Myth%3A+Yasser+Arafat+and+the+Palestinian+Revolution&amp;rft.pages=65&amp;rft.pub=Interlink+Pub+Group+Inc&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-940793-86-6&amp;rft.aulast=Gowers&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft.au=Tony+Walker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbehindmyth00andr&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hart_(writer)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Hart (writer) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hart, Alan</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb0000hart"><i>Arafat</i></a>. Sidgwick and Jackson. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb0000hart/page/204">204</a>–205. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-283-06220-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-283-06220-9">978-0-283-06220-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat&amp;rft.pages=204-205&amp;rft.pub=Sidgwick+and+Jackson&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-283-06220-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hart&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatpoliticalb0000hart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Oren" title="Michael Oren">Oren, Michael</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7"><i>Six Days of War, June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East</i></a>. New York: The Random House Publishing Group. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7/page/33">33</a>–36. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-345-46192-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-345-46192-6">978-0-345-46192-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Six+Days+of+War%2C+June+1967+and+the+Making+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=33-36&amp;rft.pub=The+Random+House+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-345-46192-6&amp;rft.aulast=Oren&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsixdaysofwarjune0000oren_u3x7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Consolidation_of_Power-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Consolidation_of_Power_22-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;69–98. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=69-98&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312286835"><i>Nasser, The Last Arab</i></a>. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-312-28683-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-312-28683-5">978-0-312-28683-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/52766217">52766217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Nasser%2C+The+Last+Arab&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Thomas+Dunne+Books&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52766217&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-312-28683-5&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312286835&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sayigh-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sayigh_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayigh_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayigh_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sayigh, Yezid (1997). <i>Armed Struggle and the Search for State, the Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-829643-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-829643-0">978-0-19-829643-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Armed+Struggle+and+the+Search+for+State%2C+the+Palestinian+National+Movement%2C+1949%E2%80%931993&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-829643-0&amp;rft.aulast=Sayigh&amp;rft.aufirst=Yezid&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bulloch, John (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/finalconflictwar0000bull"><i>Final Conflict: The War in Lebanon</i></a>. London: Century Publishing. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/finalconflictwar0000bull/page/165">165</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7126-0171-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7126-0171-9">978-0-7126-0171-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Final+Conflict%3A+The+War+in+Lebanon&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pages=165&amp;rft.pub=Century+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7126-0171-9&amp;rft.aulast=Bulloch&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffinalconflictwar0000bull&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zeev Maoz, Defending the Holy Land, A Critical Analysis of Israel's Security and Foreign Policy, University of Michigan Press, 2006</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Livingstone, Neil; David Halevy (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideplocovertu0000livi_w9q9"><i>Inside the PLO</i></a>. pp.80: Reader's Digest Association. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7090-4548-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7090-4548-9">978-0-7090-4548-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Inside+the+PLO&amp;rft.place=pp.80&amp;rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Association&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7090-4548-9&amp;rft.aulast=Livingstone&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil&amp;rft.au=David+Halevy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsideplocovertu0000livi_w9q9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624144449/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839649,00.html">"The Guerrilla Threat In the Middle East"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 13 December 1968. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,839649,00.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Time&amp;rft.atitle=The+Guerrilla+Threat+In+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.date=1968-12-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C839649%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cobban, Helena (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinianliber0000cobb"><i>The Palestine Liberation Organisation: People, Power and Politics</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-27216-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-27216-2">978-0-521-27216-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Palestine+Liberation+Organisation%3A+People%2C+Power+and+Politics&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-27216-2&amp;rft.aulast=Cobban&amp;rft.aufirst=Helena&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinianliber0000cobb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=HAJIAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=1f8MAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2064,4351664&amp;dq=arafat&amp;hl=en">Al Fatah Chief To Lead Palestinian Liberation; Associated Press; 6 Feb. 1969</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/international/19690205arafat.pdf">"Fatah Wins Control of Palestine Group"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 5 February 1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Fatah+Wins+Control+of+Palestine+Group&amp;rft.date=1969-02-05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fpackages%2Fpdf%2Finternational%2F19690205arafat.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black_September-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black_September_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black_September_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black_September_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;100–112. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=100-112&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jordan-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jordan_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140827112926/http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/bravo/blacksept1970.htm">"Black September in Jordan 1970–1971"</a>. Armed Conflict Events Data. 16 December 2000. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/bravo/blacksept1970.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2014-08-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Black+September+in+Jordan+1970%E2%80%931971&amp;rft.date=2000-12-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onwar.com%2Faced%2Fdata%2Fbravo%2Fblacksept1970.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mahran-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mahran_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rasheda, Mahran. <i>Arafat, the Difficult Number</i> (dalam bahasa Arabic). Dar al-Hayan. hlm.&#160;175–181.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat%2C+the+Difficult+Number&amp;rft.pages=175-181&amp;rft.pub=Dar+al-Hayan&amp;rft.aulast=Rasheda&amp;rft.aufirst=Mahran&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PLO_terrorist_attacks-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PLO_terrorist_attacks_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;122–125. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=122-125&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Sontag, Deborah (20 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30917FD3D5E0C738EDDAD0894D1494D81&amp;n=Top%2fReference%2fTimes%20Topics%2fPeople%2fB%2fBarak%2c%20Ehud">"2 Who Share a Past Are Rivals for Israel's Future"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. hlm.&#160;Section A, Page 3, Column 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=2+Who+Share+a+Past+Are+Rivals+for+Israel%27s+Future&amp;rft.pages=Section+A%2C+Page+3%2C+Column+1&amp;rft.date=1999-04-20&amp;rft.aulast=Sontag&amp;rft.aufirst=Deborah&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF30917FD3D5E0C738EDDAD0894D1494D81%26n%3DTop%252fReference%252fTimes%2520Topics%252fPeople%252fB%252fBarak%252c%2520Ehud&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilbert,_Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilbert, Martin (halaman belum tersedia)">Gilbert, Martin</a>, Israel: a history. Doubleday. 1998. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780385404013" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-385-40401-3</a>. (p.418, August 1970)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Klein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Klein (halaman belum tersedia)">Klein, Aaron</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/strikingback197200klei"><i>Striking Back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's Deadly Response</i></a>. New York: Random House. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-920769-80-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-920769-80-2">978-1-920769-80-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Striking+Back%3A+The+1972+Munich+Olympics+Massacre+and+Israel%27s+Deadly+Response&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Random+House&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-920769-80-2&amp;rft.aulast=Klein&amp;rft.aufirst=Aaron&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstrikingback197200klei&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Berger, Robert (5 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/09/05/world/main520865.shtml">"Munich Massacre Remembered"</a>. <i>CBS News</i>. MMII, CBS Worldwide Incorporate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBS+News&amp;rft.atitle=Munich+Massacre+Remembered&amp;rft.date=2002-09-05&amp;rft.aulast=Berger&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2002%2F09%2F05%2Fworld%2Fmain520865.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Morris, Benny</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0"><i>Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881–2001</i></a>. Vintage Books. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/righteousvictims00morr_0/page/383">383</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-679-74475-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-679-74475-7">978-0-679-74475-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Righteous+Victims%3A+A+History+of+the+Zionist-Arab+Conflict%2C+1881%E2%80%932001&amp;rft.pages=383&amp;rft.pub=Vintage+Books&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-679-74475-7&amp;rft.aulast=Morris&amp;rft.aufirst=Benny&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frighteousvictims00morr_0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128140355/http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12354%3Bjsessionid%3D704B7796CCBC72ACC579828A2197F8B9">"Political Program Adopted at the 12th Session of the Palestine National Council"</a>. Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine to the United Nations. 8 June 1974. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.int/wcm/content/site/palestine/cache/offonce/pid/12354;jsessionid=704B7796CCBC72ACC579828A2197F8B9">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-01-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Political+Program+Adopted+at+the+12th+Session+of+the+Palestine+National+Council&amp;rft.pub=Permanent+Observer+Mission+of+Palestine+to+the+United+Nations&amp;rft.date=1974-06-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Fwcm%2Fcontent%2Fsite%2Fpalestine%2Fcache%2Foffonce%2Fpid%2F12354%3Bjsessionid%3D704B7796CCBC72ACC579828A2197F8B9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Recognition-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Recognition_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recognition_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Recognition_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;140–142. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=140-142&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060610225158/http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/67584.pdf">"The Seizure of the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Khartoum"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of State. 4 May 2006. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/67584.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 10 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Seizure+of+the+Saudi+Arabian+Embassy+in+Khartoum&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&amp;rft.date=2006-05-04&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fdocuments%2Forganization%2F67584.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=7867&amp;dt=2472&amp;dl=1345">Wiiliam Rogers to the Embassy at Fort Lamy, 13 March 1973</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rejectionists-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rejectionists_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rejectionists_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;252–261. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=252-261&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208084101/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC">"PLENARY MEETING Wednesday, 13 November 1974"</a>. United Nations. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC">versi asli</a> tanggal 2012-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=PLENARY+MEETING+Wednesday%2C+13+November+1974&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2FA238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC">Yasser Arafat's UN General Assembly speech, 13 November 1974</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208084101/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/A238EC7A3E13EED18525624A007697EC">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-02-08 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nichols, Mark (17 December 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&amp;dat=19771217&amp;id=tpcuAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=rKEFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2722,497603">"Five Minutes to Midnight"</a>. <i>The Gazette (Montreal)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Gazette+%28Montreal%29&amp;rft.atitle=Five+Minutes+to+Midnight&amp;rft.date=1977-12-17&amp;rft.au=Nichols%2C+Mark&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fnid%3D1946%26dat%3D19771217%26id%3DtpcuAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DrKEFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2722%2C497603&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> "All Yasser Arafat had in his holster at the UN was a pair of dark glasses."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-&#39;70s_319-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-&#39;70s_319_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/David_Frum" title="David Frum">Frum, David</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum"><i>How We Got Here: The '70s</i></a>. New York, New York: Basic Books. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howwegothere70sd00frum/page/319">319</a>–320. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-465-04195-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-465-04195-4">978-0-465-04195-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+We+Got+Here%3A+The+%2770s&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pages=319-320&amp;rft.pub=Basic+Books&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-465-04195-4&amp;rft.aulast=Frum&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowwegothere70sd00frum&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aad.archives.gov/aad/createpdf?rid=19031&amp;dt=2472&amp;dl=1345">Cable</a> US Embassy in Beirut to Secretary of State, 4 April 1973</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2007/aug/04/ukcrime.sandralaville">Big Daddy's boy: Idi Amin's son jailed in Britain over Somali gang murder</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/philg/2003/04/14/biographical-focus-idi-amin/">Biographical Focus: Idi Amin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lebanese_Civil_War-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lebanese_Civil_War_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;150–175. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.pages=150-175&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMardelli2012" class="citation">Mardelli, Bassil A. (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JN24YPHPibQC&amp;dq=Maaruf+Saad&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s"><i>Middle East Perspectives: From Lebanon</i></a>, iUniverse, hlm.&#160;260, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781475906721" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781475906721">9781475906721</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Middle+East+Perspectives%3A+From+Lebanon&amp;rft.pages=260&amp;rft.pub=iUniverse&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9781475906721&amp;rft.aulast=Mardelli&amp;rft.aufirst=Bassil+A.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJN24YPHPibQC%26dq%3DMaaruf%2BSaad%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chomsky-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chomsky_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fatefultriangleu0000chom_j7d0"><i><span></span></i>The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians<i><span></span></i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="South End Press (halaman belum tersedia)">South End Press</a>. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fatefultriangleu0000chom_j7d0/page/184">184</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-89608-601-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-89608-601-2">978-0-89608-601-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Fateful+Triangle%3A+The+United+States%2C+Israel+and+the+Palestinians&amp;rft.pages=184&amp;rft.pub=South+End+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-89608-601-2&amp;rft.au=Noam+Chomsky&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffatefultriangleu0000chom_j7d0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LAA-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LAA_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LAA_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131020142835/http://www.laa.org/tours/thewar.htm">"The Civil War... 1975, Regional Intervention"</a>. The Lebanese-American Association. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laa.org/tours/thewar.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-10-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2014-08-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Civil+War...+1975%2C+Regional+Intervention&amp;rft.pub=The+Lebanese-American+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laa.org%2Ftours%2Fthewar.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Harris, William (1996). <i>Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions</i>. Markus Wiener Publishers. hlm.&#160;162–165. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-55876-115-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-55876-115-5">978-1-55876-115-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Faces+of+Lebanon.+Sects%2C+Wars%2C+and+Global+Extensions&amp;rft.pages=162-165&amp;rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55876-115-5&amp;rft.aulast=Harris&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nisan,_2003-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nisan,_2003_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nisan, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalam <i>Faces of Lebanon. Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions</i> pp.162–165, William Harris menyatakan "Mungkin 3,000 warga Palestina, sebagian besar warga sipil, tewas sealam pengepungan dan sesudahnya. Sumber ini menyebutkan sekitar <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.111101.net/facts/history/chronology/index.html?http://www.111101.net/facts/history/chronology/phase.php?year=1976">2,000 orang tewas</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1977-1979/133%20Statement%20to%20the%20press%20by%20Prime%20Minister%20Begin">"133 Statement to the press by Prime Minister Begin on the massacre of Israelis on the Haifa – Tel Aviv Road- 12 March 1978"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 May 1978.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=133+Statement+to+the+press+by+Prime+Minister+Begin+on+the+massacre+of+Israelis+on+the+Haifa+%E2%80%93+Tel+Aviv+Road-+12+March+1978&amp;rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&amp;rft.date=1978-05-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeign%2520Relations%2FIsraels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947%2F1977-1979%2F133%2520Statement%2520to%2520the%2520press%2520by%2520Prime%2520Minister%2520Begin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/country_profiles/819200.stm">"Time Line: Lebanon Israel Controls South"</a>. BBC News. 9 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Time+Line%3A+Lebanon+Israel+Controls+South&amp;rft.date=2007-10-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2Fcountry_profiles%2F819200.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, <i>Fatal Triangle,</i> 1999 p.346</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberty05.com/civilwar/civil1.html">"The Battle of Tel al-Zaatar"</a>. Liberty 05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Battle+of+Tel+al-Zaatar&amp;rft.pub=Liberty+05&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberty05.com%2Fcivilwar%2Fcivil1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1984-1988/92%20Press%20Conference%20Following%20Israel%20Air%20Force%20Att">"92 Press Conference Following Israel Air Force Attack on PLO base in Tunis"</a>. Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1 November 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=92+Press+Conference+Following+Israel+Air+Force+Attack+on+PLO+base+in+Tunis&amp;rft.pub=Israeli+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&amp;rft.date=1985-11-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeign%2520Relations%2FIsraels%2520Foreign%2520Relations%2520since%25201947%2F1984-1988%2F92%2520Press%2520Conference%2520Following%2520Israel%2520Air%2520Force%2520Att&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Intifada-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_64-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Intifada_64-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;201–228. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=201-228&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An Analysis of the Strategies and Tactics of the Palestinians and Israelis. Ron, Jonathan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tufts_University&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tufts University (halaman belum tersedia)">Tufts University</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Matter of Justice: Tax Resistance in Beit Sahour-Nonviolent Sanctions; Albert Einstein Institution, Spring/Summer 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondediplo.com/focus/mideast/arafat88-en">"Yasser Arafat, Speech at UN General Assembly Geneva, General Assembly 13 December 1988"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Monde_diplomatique&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Le Monde diplomatique (halaman belum tersedia)">Le Monde diplomatique</a></i>. 13 December 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+Monde+diplomatique&amp;rft.atitle=Yasser+Arafat%2C+Speech+at+UN+General+Assembly+Geneva%2C+General+Assembly+13+December+1988&amp;rft.date=1988-12-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmondediplo.com%2Ffocus%2Fmideast%2Farafat88-en&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/plotstate1.html">"Arafat Clarifies Statement to Satisfy U.S. Conditions for Dialogue"</a>. <i>Jewish Virtual Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Jewish+Virtual+Library&amp;rft.atitle=Arafat+Clarifies+Statement+to+Satisfy+U.S.+Conditions+for+Dialogue&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FTerrorism%2Fplotstate1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palestinian_peace-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Palestinian_peace_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Palestinian_peace_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter, James</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinepeaceno00cart"><i>Palestine Peace Not Apartheid</i></a>. New York: Simon &amp; Schuster, Inc. hlm.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestinepeaceno00cart/page/147">147</a>–150. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7432-8502-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7432-8502-5">978-0-7432-8502-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Palestine+Peace+Not+Apartheid&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=147-150&amp;rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7432-8502-5&amp;rft.aulast=Carter&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinepeaceno00cart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/gazajer.html">"Agreement on the Gaza Strip and the Jericho Area"</a>. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Agreement+on+the+Gaza+Strip+and+the+Jericho+Area&amp;rft.pub=The+American-Israeli+Cooperative+Enterprise&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FPeace%2Fgazajer.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070815080734/http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/22579.htm">"Israel-PLO Recognition: Exchange of Letters Between PM Rabin and Chairman Arafat"</a>. U.S State Department Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. 3 September 1993. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/22579.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Israel-PLO+Recognition%3A+Exchange+of+Letters+Between+PM+Rabin+and+Chairman+Arafat&amp;rft.pub=U.S+State+Department+Bureau+of+Near+Eastern+Affairs&amp;rft.date=1993-09-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fp%2Fnea%2Frls%2F22579.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oslo_Accords-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oslo_Accords_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oslo_Accords_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/14/newsid_3694000/3694744.stm">"1994: Israelis and Arafat share peace prize"</a>. BBC News. 3 September 1993<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=1994%3A+Israelis+and+Arafat+share+peace+prize&amp;rft.date=1993-09-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F14%2Fnewsid_3694000%2F3694744.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-After_Oslo-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-After_Oslo_73-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;262–292. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=262-292&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Hassanein_Heikal" title="Mohamed Hassanein Heikal">Heikal, Mohammed</a> (1996). <i>Secret Channels</i>. HarperCollins Publishing. hlm.&#160;479. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-00-638337-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-00-638337-6">978-0-00-638337-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Secret+Channels&amp;rft.pages=479&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-00-638337-6&amp;rft.aulast=Heikal&amp;rft.aufirst=Mohammed&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Palestine_(1994)" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of Palestine (1994)">Constitution of Palestine (1994)</a> <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> 2006-07-26. Accessed on 7 November 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PASSIA-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PASSIA_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729174648/http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19941995.htm">"Palestine Facts: 1994–1995"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Academic_Society_for_the_Study_of_International_Affairs&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (halaman belum tersedia)">Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs</a> (PASSIA). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/palestine_facts/chronology/19941995.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-07-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Palestine+Facts%3A+1994%E2%80%931995&amp;rft.pub=Palestinian+Academic+Society+for+the+Study+of+International+Affairs+%28PASSIA%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.passia.org%2Fpalestine_facts%2Fchronology%2F19941995.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Miller, Judith (10 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/10/international/middleeast/10WIRE-ARAFAT.html?pagewanted=print&amp;position=">"Obituary: Yasir Arafat, Palestinian Leader, Dies at 75"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Yasir+Arafat%2C+Palestinian+Leader%2C+Dies+at+75&amp;rft.date=2004-11-10&amp;rft.aulast=Miller&amp;rft.aufirst=Judith&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F11%2F10%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F10WIRE-ARAFAT.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dprint%26position%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Said_K._Aburish&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Said K. Aburish (halaman belum tersedia)">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <i>From Defender to Dictator</i>. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. hlm.&#160;293–320. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=293-320&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2393677.stm">"Profile: Binyamin Netanyahu"</a>. BBC News. 20 December 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Binyamin+Netanyahu&amp;rft.date=2005-12-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F2393677.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2558451.stm">"Hardliners Gain Around Likud Vote"</a>. BBC News. 9 December 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Hardliners+Gain+Around+Likud+Vote&amp;rft.date=2002-12-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F2558451.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knesset.gov.il/process/docs/wye_eng.htm">"The Wye River Memorandum"</a>. The State of Israel (Translated from Hebrew). 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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PASSIA. 11 December 2004. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/Arafat/Arafat.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2012-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Palestine: The Mystery Country.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ending+of+Yasser%27s+Life&amp;rft.pub=Palestine%3A+The+Mystery+Country&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tqnyc.org%2FNYC052021%2FGovernment%2FGovernmentPage.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Funeral-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Funeral_85-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Biles, Peter (12 November 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4005027.stm">"Arafat's funeral held in Cairo: Mystery illness"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Altman (8 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/09/08/international/middleeast/08arafat.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=all">"Medical records say Arafat died from a stroke"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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BBC News. 17 November 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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TOI Feb 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,136880,00.html">"Timeline: Yasser Arafat"</a>. Fox News Network. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 8 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Yasser+Arafat&amp;rft.date=2005-02-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2F0%2C2933%2C136880%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bacaan_lanjut">Bacaan lanjut</h3></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Said_Aburish" title="Said Aburish">Aburish, Said K.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafat00said"><i>Arafat: From Defender to Dictator</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58234-049-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58234-049-4">978-1-58234-049-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat%3A+From+Defender+to+Dictator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58234-049-4&amp;rft.aulast=Aburish&amp;rft.aufirst=Said+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafat00said&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Gowers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Gowers (halaman belum tersedia)">Gowers, Andrew</a>; Tony Walker (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatbiography0000walk"><i>Arafat: The Biography</i></a>. Virgin Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-85227-924-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-85227-924-0">978-1-85227-924-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat%3A+The+Biography&amp;rft.pub=Virgin+Books&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85227-924-0&amp;rft.aulast=Gowers&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft.au=Tony+Walker&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatbiography0000walk&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Hart_(writer)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Hart (writer) (halaman belum tersedia)">Hart, Alan</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatpoliticalb0000hart"><i>Arafat</i></a>. Sidgwick &amp; Jackson. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-283-06220-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-283-06220-9">978-0-283-06220-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat&amp;rft.pub=Sidgwick+%26+Jackson&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-283-06220-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hart&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatpoliticalb0000hart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Karsh, Efraim</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatswarmanhis0000kars"><i>Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest</i></a>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8021-1758-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8021-1758-8">978-0-8021-1758-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat%27s+War%3A+The+Man+and+His+Battle+for+Israeli+Conquest&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Grove+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-1758-8&amp;rft.aulast=Karsh&amp;rft.aufirst=Efraim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatswarmanhis0000kars&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Livingstone, Neil (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insideplocovertu0000livi_w9q9"><i>Inside the PLO</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Reader%27s_Digest" title="Reader&#39;s Digest">Reader's Digest Association</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7090-4548-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7090-4548-9">978-0-7090-4548-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Inside+the+PLO&amp;rft.pub=Reader%27s+Digest+Association&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7090-4548-9&amp;rft.aulast=Livingstone&amp;rft.aufirst=Neil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finsideplocovertu0000livi_w9q9&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Rubin, Barry M.; Judith Colp Rubin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yasirarafatpolit00rubi"><i>Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-516689-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-516689-7">978-0-19-516689-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Yasir+Arafat%3A+A+Political+Biography&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-516689-7&amp;rft.aulast=Rubin&amp;rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&amp;rft.au=Judith+Colp+Rubin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyasirarafatpolit00rubi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danny_Rubenstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Danny Rubenstein (halaman belum tersedia)">Rubenstein, Danny</a>; Dan Leon (1995). <i>The Mystery of Arafat</i>. Steerforth Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-883642-10-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-883642-10-5">978-1-883642-10-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mystery+of+Arafat&amp;rft.pub=Steerforth+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-883642-10-5&amp;rft.aulast=Rubenstein&amp;rft.aufirst=Danny&amp;rft.au=Dan+Leon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a>. "Arafat, Yasser." <i>The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East</i>. Ed. Sela. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Continuum_International_Publishing_Group&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Continuum International Publishing Group (halaman belum tersedia)">Continuum</a>, 2002. pp.&#160;166–171.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wallach, Janet (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arafatineyesofbe0000wall_x6v6"><i>Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder</i></a>. Lyle Stuart. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8184-0533-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8184-0533-4">978-0-8184-0533-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Arafat%3A+In+the+Eyes+of+the+Beholder&amp;rft.pub=Lyle+Stuart&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8184-0533-4&amp;rft.aulast=Wallach&amp;rft.aufirst=Janet&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farafatineyesofbe0000wall_x6v6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AYasser+Arafat" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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<div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikiquote" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a> memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: <i><b><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Yasser_Arafat" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" class="extiw" title="commons:Yasser Arafat"><b><i>Yasser Arafat</i></b></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yaserarafat.com/">Situs web resmi</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1994/arafat-bio.html#">Biography of Yasser Arafat</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobelprize.org&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobelprize.org (halaman belum tersedia)">Nobelprize.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.passia.org/Arafat/Arafat.pdf">Yasser Arafat (1929–2004)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120229043817/http://www.passia.org/Arafat/Arafat.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> 2012-02-29 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. at <a href="/w/index.php?title=PASSIA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="PASSIA (halaman belum tersedia)">PASSIA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,781566-1,00.html">A Life in Retrospect: Yasser Arafat</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521072823/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,781566-1,00.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2013-05-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., <i><a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">Time</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article500048.ece">Life and times of Yassir Arafat</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article500039.ece">Profile: Yassir Arafat</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?yasserarafat">Kemunculan</a> di <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0032715/">Yasser Arafat</a> di <a 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href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/403/000022337">Yasser Arafat</a> di <a href="/wiki/Notable_Names_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable Names Database">Notable Names Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/Middle_East/Palestinian_Territory/Society_and_Culture/Politics/Politicians/Yasser_Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> di Curlie (dari <a href="/wiki/DMOZ" title="DMOZ">DMOZ</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/15457-1/John+Wallach.aspx"><i>Booknotes</i> interview with John and Janet Wallach on <i>Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder</i>, 23 December 1990.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141017124907/http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/15457-1/John%20Wallach.aspx">Diarsipkan</a> 2014-10-17 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina">Presiden Otoritas Nasional Palestina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lambang Otoritas Nasional Palestina"><img alt="Lambang Otoritas Nasional Palestina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" 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role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Penerima_Nobel_di_bidang_Perdamaian" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Pemenang_Hadiah_Nobel_Perdamaian" title="Templat:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Pemenang_Hadiah_Nobel_Perdamaian&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pemenang_Hadiah_Nobel_Perdamaian&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Penerima_Nobel_di_bidang_Perdamaian" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penerima_Nobel#Perdamaian" title="Daftar penerima Nobel">Penerima Nobel</a> di bidang <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel_Perdamaian" title="Penghargaan Nobel Perdamaian">Perdamaian</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunant" title="Henry Dunant">Dunant</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Passy" title="Frédéric Passy">Passy</a> (1901)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lie_Ducommun" title="Élie Ducommun">Ducommun</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Albert_Gobat" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Albert Gobat">Gobat</a> (1902)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Randal_Cremer" class="mw-redirect" title="William Randal Cremer">Cremer</a> (1903)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Institut_de_droit_international" title="Institut de droit international">IDI</a> (1904)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertha_von_Suttner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertha von Suttner">Suttner</a> (1905)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> (1906)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ernesto_Teodoro_Moneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernesto Teodoro Moneta">Moneta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Renault_(1843-1918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Renault (1843-1918)">Renault</a> (1907)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Klas_Pontus_Arnoldson" class="mw-redirect" title="Klas Pontus Arnoldson">Arnoldson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredrik_Bajer" title="Fredrik Bajer">Bajer</a> (1908)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Auguste_Marie_Francois_Beernaert" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Marie Francois Beernaert">Beernaert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul-Henri-Benjamin_d%27Estournelles_de_Constant" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul-Henri-Benjamin d&#39;Estournelles de Constant">Estournelles de Constant</a> (1909)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Peace_Bureau" class="mw-redirect" title="International Peace Bureau">IPB</a> (1910)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tobias_Michael_Carel_Asser" title="Tobias Michael Carel Asser">Asser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hermann_Fried" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Hermann Fried">Fried</a> (1911)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a> (1912)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henri_La_Fontaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri La Fontaine">La Fontaine</a> (1913)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Komite_Internasional_Palang_Merah" title="Komite Internasional Palang Merah">Komite Internasional Palang Merah</a> (1917)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1919)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" class="mw-redirect" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a> (1920)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_Lous_Lange" title="Christian Lous Lange">Lange</a> (1921)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen</a> (1922)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austen_Chamberlain" class="mw-redirect" title="Austen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Dawes" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Dawes">Dawes</a> (1925) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Stresemann" title="Gustav Stresemann">Stresemann</a> (1926)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Buisson" title="Ferdinand Buisson">Buisson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Quidde" title="Ludwig Quidde">Quidde</a> (1927)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a> (1929)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_S%C3%B6derblom" title="Nathan Söderblom">Söderblom</a> (1930)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" class="mw-redirect" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Murray_Butler" title="Nicholas Murray Butler">Butler</a> (1931)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Angell" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Angell">Angell</a> (1933)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a> (1934)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Ossietzky" title="Carl von Ossietzky">Ossietzky</a> (1935)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saavedra_Lamas" title="Carlos Saavedra Lamas">Lamas</a> (1936)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil,_1st_Viscount_Cecil_of_Chelwood" title="Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood">Cecil</a> (1937)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Office_international_Nansen_pour_les_r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s" title="Office international Nansen pour les réfugiés">Kantor Internasional Nansen</a> (1938)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Komite_Internasional_Palang_Merah" title="Komite Internasional Palang Merah">Komite Internasional Palang Merah</a> (1944)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a> (1945)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Greene_Balch" title="Emily Greene Balch">Balch</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Mott" title="John Mott">Mott</a> (1946)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quaker_Peace_and_Social_Witness" title="Quaker Peace and Social Witness">QPSW</a> / <a href="/wiki/American_Friends_Service_Committee" title="American Friends Service Committee">AFSC</a> (1947)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Boyd_Orr" title="John Boyd Orr">Boyd Orr</a> (1949)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph Bunche">Bunche</a> (1950) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Jouhaux" title="Léon Jouhaux">Jouhaux</a> (1951)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Schweitzer</a> (1952)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Marshall" title="George Marshall">Marshall</a> (1953)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> (1954)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lester_B._Pearson" class="mw-redirect" title="Lester B. Pearson">Pearson</a> (1957)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Pire" class="mw-redirect" title="Georges Pire">Pire</a> (1958)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Noel-Baker,_Baron_Noel-Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker">Noel&#8209;Baker</a> (1959)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lutuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Lutuli">Lutuli</a> (1960)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld" title="Dag Hammarskjöld">Hammarskjöld</a> (1961)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" class="mw-redirect" title="Linus Pauling">Pauling</a> (1962)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Komite_Internasional_Palang_Merah" title="Komite Internasional Palang Merah">Komite Internasional Palang Merah</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Federasi_Internasional_Perhimpunan_Palang_Merah_dan_Bulan_Sabit_Merah" title="Federasi Internasional Perhimpunan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah">Liga Perhimpunan Palang Merah</a> (1963)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr.">King</a> (1964)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Children%27s_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Children&#39;s Fund">UNICEF</a> (1965)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cassin" title="René Cassin">Cassin</a> (1968)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a> (1969)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Borlaug</a> (1970)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a> (1971)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Le_Duc_Tho" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Duc Tho">Le</a> (1973)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_MacBride" title="Seán MacBride">MacBride</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eisaku_Sato" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisaku Sato">Sato</a> (1974)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Sakharov">Sakharov</a> (1975) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Williams" title="Betty Williams">B.Williams</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mairead_Corrigan" title="Mairead Corrigan">Corrigan</a> (1976)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">AI</a> (1977)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Sadat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Begin</a> (1978)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ibu_Teresa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibu Teresa">Ibu Teresa</a> (1979)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_P%C3%A9rez_Esquivel" title="Adolfo Pérez Esquivel">Esquivel</a> (1980)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> (1981)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Myrdal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Garc%C3%ADa_Robles" title="Alfonso García Robles">García Robles</a> (1982)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Wa&#322;&#281;sa</a> (1983)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Tutu</a> (1984)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Physicians_for_the_Prevention_of_Nuclear_War" class="mw-redirect" title="International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War">IPPNW</a> (1985)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elie_Wiesel" title="Elie Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1986)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Arias" class="mw-redirect" title="Óscar Arias">Arias</a> (1987)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Peacekeeping Forces">Pasukan pemelihara perdamaian</a> (1988)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tenzin_Gyatso" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenzin Gyatso">Dalai Lama</a> (1989)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> (1990)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Suu Kyi</a> (1991)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rigoberta_Mench%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Rigoberta Menchú">Menchú</a> (1992)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Willem_de_Klerk" title="Frederik Willem de Klerk">de Klerk</a> (1993)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arafat</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Peres</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Rabin</a> (1994)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pugwash_Conferences_on_Science_and_World_Affairs" title="Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs">Pugwash Conferences</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rotblat" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Rotblat">Rotblat</a> (1995)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Filipe_Ximenes_Belo" title="Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo">Belo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ramos-Horta" title="José Ramos-Horta">Ramos-Horta</a> (1996)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines" title="International Campaign to Ban Landmines">ICBL</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jody_Williams" title="Jody Williams">J.Williams</a> (1997)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hume" title="John Hume">Hume</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">Trimble</a> (1998)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">MSF</a> (1999)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Dae_Jung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Dae Jung">Kim</a> (2000) </span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001–sekarang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations">UN</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Annan</a> (2001)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (2002)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shirin_Ebadi" title="Shirin Ebadi">Ebadi</a> (2003)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wangari_Maathai" title="Wangari Maathai">Maathai</a> (2004)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_ElBaradei" title="Mohamed ElBaradei">ElBaradei</a> (2005)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Yunus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Grameen_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Grameen Bank">Grameen Bank</a> (2006)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Panel_Antarpemerintah_tentang_Perubahan_Iklim" title="Panel Antarpemerintah tentang Perubahan Iklim">IPCC</a> (2007)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martti_Ahtisaari" title="Martti Ahtisaari">Ahtisaari</a> (2008)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liu_Xiaobo" title="Liu Xiaobo">Liu</a> (2010)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Johnson_Sirleaf" title="Ellen Johnson Sirleaf">Sirleaf</a>/<a href="/wiki/Leymah_Gbowee" title="Leymah Gbowee">Gbowee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tawakkul_Karman" title="Tawakkul Karman">Karman</a> (2011)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Uni_Eropa" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a> (2012)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Pelarangan_Senjata_Kimia" title="Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia">Organisasi Pelarangan Senjata Kimia</a> (2013)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Satyarthi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Yousafzai</a> (2014)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kuartet_Dialog_Nasional_Tunisia" title="Kuartet Dialog Nasional Tunisia">Kuartet Dialog Nasional Tunisia</a> (2015)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Santos" title="Juan Manuel Santos">Santos Calderón</a> (2016)</span><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kampanye_Internasional_untuk_Peniadaan_Senjata_Nuklir" title="Kampanye Internasional untuk Peniadaan Senjata Nuklir">Kampanye Internasional untuk Peniadaan Senjata Nuklir</a> (2017)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Mukwege" title="Denis Mukwege">Mukwege</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Nadia_Murad" title="Nadia Murad">Murad</a> (2018)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed" title="Abiy Ahmed">Abiy Ahmed</a> (2019)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Program_Pangan_Dunia" title="Program Pangan Dunia">Program Pangan Dunia</a> (2020)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ressa" title="Maria Ressa">Maria Ressa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Muratov" title="Dmitry Muratov">Dmitry Muratov</a> (2021)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ales_Bialiatski" title="Ales Bialiatski">Ales Bialiatski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Memorial_(perhimpunan)" title="Memorial (perhimpunan)"> Memorial</a> (2022)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Narges_Mohammadi" title="Narges Mohammadi">Narges Mohammadi</a> (2023)</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Organisasi_Korban_Bom_A_dan_H_Jepang" title="Organisasi Korban Bom A dan H Jepang">Nihon Hidankyō</a> (2024)</span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><div><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Templat:Nobel_Sastra" title="Templat:Nobel Sastra">Templat:Nobel Sastra</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Nobel_Fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Nobel Fisika">Templat:Nobel Fisika</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran">Templat:Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Nobel_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Nobel Kimia">Templat:Nobel Kimia</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Nobel_Ekonomi" title="Templat:Nobel Ekonomi">Templat:Nobel Ekonomi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Nobel_Perdamaian" title="Templat:Nobel Perdamaian">Templat:Nobel Perdamaian</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pemenang_Penghargaan_Nobel_tahun_1994" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pemenang_Penghargaan_Nobel_1994&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Pemenang Penghargaan Nobel 1994 (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Pemenang_Penghargaan_Nobel_1994&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Pemenang Penghargaan Nobel 1994 (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Pemenang_Penghargaan_Nobel_1994&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pemenang_Penghargaan_Nobel_tahun_1994" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pemenang <a href="/wiki/Penghargaan_Nobel" title="Penghargaan Nobel">Penghargaan Nobel</a> tahun 1994</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kimia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Kimia">Kimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" class="mw-redirect" title="George Andrew Olah">George Andrew Olah</a> (Amerika Serikat/Hungaria)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nobel_Prize.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/id/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Kesusastraan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Kesusastraan">Kesusastraan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Kenzabur%C5%8D_%C5%8Ce" title="Kenzaburō Ōe">Kenzaburō Ōe</a> (Jepang)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Perdamaian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Perdamaian">Perdamaian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a> (Palestina)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> (Israel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fisika" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Fisika">Fisika</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a> (Kanada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Glenwood Shull</a> (Amerika Serikat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Fisiologi_atau_Kedokteran" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Fisiologi atau Kedokteran">Fisiologi atau Kedokteran</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Alfred G. Gilman</a> (Amerika Serikat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Martin Rodbell</a> (Amerika Serikat)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Ekonomi" title="Nobel Ekonomi">Ilmu Ekonomi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Harsanyi" class="mw-redirect" title="John Harsanyi">John Harsanyi</a> (Amerika Serikat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash,_Jr." title="John Forbes Nash, Jr.">John Forbes Nash</a> (Amerika Serikat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Selten" title="Reinhard Selten">Reinhard Selten</a> (Jerman)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Daftar_penerima_Nobel" title="Daftar penerima Nobel">Penerima Penghargaan Nobel</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1989" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1989">1989</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1990" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1990">1990</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1991" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1991">1991</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1992" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1992">1992</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1993" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1993">1993</a></dd> <dd><b>1994 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1995" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1995">1995</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1996" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1996">1996</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1997" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1997">1997</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1998" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1998">1998</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Penerima_Penghargaan_Nobel_1999" title="Templat:Penerima Penghargaan Nobel 1999">1999</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Time_Persons_of_the_Year_(1976-2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Templat:Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000 (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Time_Persons_of_the_Year_(1976-2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Person of the Year"><i>Time</i> Persons of the Year</a> (1976-2000)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Anwar Sadat</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini" title="Ruhollah Khomeini">Ayatollah Khomeini</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lech_Wa%C5%82%C4%99sa" title="Lech Wałęsa">Lech Wałęsa</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komputer_pribadi" title="Komputer pribadi">Komputer</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuri_Andropov" title="Yuri Andropov">Yuri Andropov</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Ueberroth&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Ueberroth (halaman belum tersedia)">Peter Ueberroth</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deng_Xiaoping" title="Deng Xiaoping">Deng Xiaoping</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">Bumi yang Terancam</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Turner" title="Ted Turner">Ted Turner</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (1992)</li> <li><span style="white-space: normal;"> “Para Pencipta Perdamaian”: <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._W._de_Klerk" class="mw-redirect" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yasser Arafat</a> </span> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paus_Yohanes_Paulus_II" title="Paus Yohanes Paulus II">Paus Yohanes Paulus II</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Ho_(ilmuwan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Ho (ilmuwan) (halaman belum tersedia)">David Ho</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Grove&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Grove (halaman belum tersedia)">Andrew Grove</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Starr&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Starr (halaman belum tersedia)">Ken Starr</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos" title="Jeff Bezos">Jeffrey P. Bezos</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1927%E2%80%931950" title="Templat:Time Persons of the Year 1927–1950">1927–1950</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1951%E2%80%931975" title="Templat:Time Persons of the Year 1951–1975">1951–1975</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_1976%E2%80%932000" title="Templat:Time Persons of the Year 1976–2000">1976–2000</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Templat:Time_Persons_of_the_Year_2001%E2%80%932025" title="Templat:Time Persons of the Year 2001–2025">2001–sekarang</a></small></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 0em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:P_vip.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/21px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/31px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biografi" title="Portal:Biografi">Portal Biografi</a></span></li><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118503766">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121481294">1</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" 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href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120454206">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120454206">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantic.bnc.cat/registres/CUCId/a16528852">Catalunya</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=43163">Ukraina</a></span></li> <li><span class="error">The ICCU id CFIV075512 is not valid.</span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n83055228">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620275">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ola2002146926&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Republik 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