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irritation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: mucosal irritation"> <meta name="keywords" content="mucosal irritation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="mucosal irritation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 136</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: mucosal irritation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Short-Term Association of In-vehicle Ultrafine Particles and Black Carbon Concentrations with Respiratory Health in Parisian Taxi Drivers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Hachem">Melissa Hachem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxime%20Loizeau"> Maxime Loizeau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadine%20%20Saleh"> Nadine Saleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabelle%20Momas"> Isabelle Momas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynda%20Bensefa-Colas"> Lynda Bensefa-Colas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Professional drivers are exposed inside their vehicles to high levels of air pollutants due to the considerable time they spend close to motor vehicle emissions. Little is known about ultrafine particles (UFP) or black carbon (BC) adverse respiratory health effects compared to the regulated pollutants. We aimed to study the short-term associations between UFP and BC concentrations inside vehicles and (1) the onset of mucosal irritation and (2) the acute changes in lung function of Parisian taxi drivers during a working day. An epidemiological study was carried out on 50 taxi drivers in Paris. UFP and BC were measured inside their vehicles with DiSCmini® and microAeth®, respectively. On the same day, the frequency and the severity of nose, eye, and throat irritations were self-reported by each participant and a spirometry test was performed before and after the work shift. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations between in-taxis UFP and BC concentrations and mucosal irritation and lung function, after adjustment for potential confounders. In-taxis UFP concentrations ranged from 17.9 to 37.9 × 103 particles/cm³ and BC concentrations from 2.2 to 3.9 μg/m³, during a mean of 9 ± 2 working hours. Significant dose-response relationships were observed between in-taxis UFP concentrations and both nasal irritation and lung function. The increase of in-taxis UFP (for an interquartile range of 20 × 103 particles/cm3) was associated to an increase in nasal irritation (adjusted OR = 6.27 [95% CI: 1.02 to 38.62]) and to a reduction in forced expiratory flow at 25–75% by −7.44% [95% CI: −12.63 to −2.24], forced expiratory volume in one second by −4.46% [95% CI: −6.99 to −1.93] and forced vital capacity by −3.31% [95% CI: −5.82 to −0.80]. Such associations were not found with BC. Incident throat and eye irritations were not related to in-vehicle particles exposure; however, they were associated with outdoor air quality (estimated by the Atmo index) and in-vehicle humidity, respectively. This study is the first to show a significant association, within a short-period of time, between in-vehicle UFP exposure and acute respiratory effects in professional drivers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20carbon" title="black carbon">black carbon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20function" title=" lung function"> lung function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20irritation" title=" mucosal irritation"> mucosal irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxi%20drivers" title=" taxi drivers"> taxi drivers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafine%20particles" title=" ultrafine particles"> ultrafine particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139490/short-term-association-of-in-vehicle-ultrafine-particles-and-black-carbon-concentrations-with-respiratory-health-in-parisian-taxi-drivers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Urinary Mucosal Cryoglobulin: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20M.%20S.%20Shnawa">Ibrahim M. S. Shnawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naeem%20R.%20R.%20Algebory"> Naeem R. R. Algebory</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The procedure for the assessment of the urinary mucosal cryoglobulin (UMCG) is being reviewed, testified and evaluated. The major features of UMCG are rather similar to that of serum cryoglobulin. Such evident similarities are forming the reality for the existence of the UMCG. There were seven characterizing criteria useable for the identification for UMCG. Upon matching them to the Irish criteria for serum cryoglobulin, some modifications are being proposed to the 16th standards that has been formulated and built as an Irish criterion. The existence of UMCG is being reported for the first time in human chronic infectious bacterial disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary" title="urinary">urinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal" title=" mucosal"> mucosal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryoglubulin" title=" cryoglubulin"> cryoglubulin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=standard%20immunofixation" title=" standard immunofixation"> standard immunofixation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11194/urinary-mucosal-cryoglobulin-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Development of Cationic Gelatin Nanoparticles as an Antigen-Carrier for Mucosal Immunization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping-Lun%20Jiang">Ping-Lun Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hung-Jun%20Lin"> Hung-Jun Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shen-Fu%20Lin"> Shen-Fu Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Yin%20Chien"> Mei-Yin Chien</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ting-Wei%20Li"> Ting-Wei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Han%20Lin"> Chun-Han Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Der-Zen%20Liu"> Der-Zen Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mucosal vaccine induces both mucosal (secretory IgA) and systemic immune responses and it is considered an ideal vaccination strategy for prevention of infectious diseases. One important point to be considered in mucosal vaccination is effective antigen delivery system which can manage effective delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of mucosal. In the present study, cationic gelatin nanoparticles were prepared as ideal carriers for more efficient antigen delivery. The average diameter of cationic gelatin nanoparticle was approximate 190 nm, and the zeta potential was about +45 mV, then ovalbumin (OVA) was physically absorbed onto cationic gelatin nanoparticle. The OVA absorption rate was near 95% the zeta potential was about +20 mV. We show that cationic gelatin nanoparticle effectively facilitated antigen uptake by mice bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (mBMDCs) and RAW264.7 cells and induced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. C57BL/6 mice twice immunized intranasally with OVA-absorbed cationic gelatin nanoparticle induced high levels of OVA-specific IgG in the serum and IgA in their in the nasal and lung wash fluid. These results indicate that nasal administration of cationic gelatin nanoparticles induced both mucosal and systemic immune responses and cationic gelatin nanoparticles might be a potential antigen delivery carrier for further clinical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigen%20delivery" title="antigen delivery">antigen delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigen-presenting%20cells" title=" antigen-presenting cells"> antigen-presenting cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin%20nanoparticle" title=" gelatin nanoparticle"> gelatin nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20vaccine" title=" mucosal vaccine"> mucosal vaccine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42981/development-of-cationic-gelatin-nanoparticles-as-an-antigen-carrier-for-mucosal-immunization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Detection of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Cutaneous Psoriatic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20A.%20R.%20Soudan">Rania A. R. Soudan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Easter%20Joury"> Easter Joury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Psoriasis is a common chronic dermatologic disease. It may affect the mucous membranes. The presence of oral mucosal lesions has been a subject of controversy. The aim: To determine possible association between oral mucosal lesions and psoriasis, and to correlate the same with different types of psoriasis and severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: The oral mucosa was clinically examined in 100 randomly selected Syrian psoriatic patients presented to the Dermatological Diseases Hospital in Damascus University, Syria (February 2009 - December 2010), and in 100 matched controls. PASI index was used to evaluate the disease severity. Chi-square and Student t-test were used to compare differences between groups. Results: Oral mucosal lesions were observed in 72% of the psoriasis cases, while 46% of the control group’s subjects had oral lesions. Fissured tongue, geographic tongue, and red lesions were detected in 36%, 25%, and 7% of the examined psoriatics, respectively. These lesions were significantly more frequent in the psoriatics than in the controls. A correlation was found between furred tongue and the age of the psoriasis patients. However, an association was observed for fissured tongue, furred tongue with the severity of the disease, and for fissured tongue, white lesions, cheilitis with nail involvement. However, no correlation with the psoriasis types was recorded. Conclusion: Some oral mucosal lesions were associated with psoriasis, so these lesions may be considered as oral manifestations of this disease, and should be taken into account in new studies as possible predictors or markers of this dermatitis. Further studies are recommended to confirm these oral manifestations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psoriasis" title="psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tongue" title=" tongue"> tongue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosa" title=" mucosa"> mucosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lesions" title=" lesions"> lesions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6154/detection-of-oral-mucosal-lesions-in-cutaneous-psoriatic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Effect of Psychological Stress to the Mucosal IL-6 and Helicobacter pylori Activity in Functional Dyspepsia and Myocytes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eryati%20Darwin">Eryati Darwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arina%20Widya%20Murni"> Arina Widya Murni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnil%20Edwin%20Nurdin"> Adnil Edwin Nurdin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent and heterogeneous disorder. Most patients with FD complain of symptoms related to the intake of meals. Psychological stress may promote peptic ulcer and had an effect on ulcers associated Hp, and may also trigger worsen symptoms in inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal. Cells in mucosal gastric stimulate the production of several cytokines, which might associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. The cascade of biological events leading to stress-induced FD remains poorly understood. Aim of Study: To determine the prion-flammatory cytokine IL-6, and Helicobacter pylori activity on mucosal gastric of FD and their association with psychological stress. Methods: The subjects of this study were dyspeptic patients who visited M. Djamil General Hospital and in two Community Health Centers in Padang. On the basis of the stress index scale to identify psychological stress by using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS 42), subjects were divided into two groups of 20 each, stress groups and non-stress groups. All diagnoses were confirmed by review of cortisol and esophagogastroduodenoscopy reports. Gastric biopsy samples and peripheral blood were taken during diagnostic procedures. Immunohistochemistry methods were used to determine the expression of IL-6 and Hp in gastric mucosal. The data were statistically analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. All procedures of this study were approved by Research Ethics Committee of Medical Faculty Andalas University. Results: In this study, we enrolled 40 FD patients (26 woman and 14 men) in range between 35-56 years old. Cortisol level of blood FD patients as parameter of stress hormone which taken in the morning was significantly higher in stress group than non-stress group. The expression of IL-6 in gastric mucosa was significantly higher in stress group in compared to non-stress group (p<0,05). Helicobacter pylori activity in gastric mucosal in stress group were significantly higher than non-stress group. Conclusion: The present study showed that psychological stress can induce gastric mucosal inflammation and increase of Helicobacter pylori activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20dyspepsia" title="functional dyspepsia">functional dyspepsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helicobacter%20pylori" title=" Helicobacter pylori"> Helicobacter pylori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interleukin-6" title=" interleukin-6"> interleukin-6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20stress" title=" psychological stress"> psychological stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62095/effect-of-psychological-stress-to-the-mucosal-il-6-and-helicobacter-pylori-activity-in-functional-dyspepsia-and-myocytes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62095.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Anti-Ulcer Activity of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of Ficus bengalensis Linn Bark in Experimental Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdish%20Baheti">Jagdish Baheti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sampat%20Navale"> Sampat Navale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was performed to evaluate the anti-ulcerogenic activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ficus bengalensis Linn. against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats and pylorus ligation gastric secretion in rats. Five groups of adult wistar rats were orally pre-treated respectively with carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) solution (ulcer control group), Omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group), and 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg F. bengalensis Linn. bark extract in CMC solution (experimental groups), one hour before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal injury. Rats were sacrificed and the ulcer index, gastric volume, gastric pH, free acidity, total acidity of the gastric content was determined. Grossly, the ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas pre-treatment with F. bengalensis Linn. bark extract exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal injury in both model. Histological studies revealed that ulcer control group exhibited severe damage of gastric mucosa, along with edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with F. bengalensis Linn. bark extract which showed gastric mucosal protection, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer. Acute toxicity study did not manifest any toxicological signs in rats. The present finding suggests that F. bengalensis Linn. bark extract promotes ulcer protection as ascertained grossly and histologically compared to the ulcer control group. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ficus%20bengalensis%20Linn." title="Ficus bengalensis Linn.">Ficus bengalensis Linn.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20ulcer" title=" gastric ulcer"> gastric ulcer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroalcoholic" title=" hydroalcoholic"> hydroalcoholic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pylorus%20ligation" title=" pylorus ligation"> pylorus ligation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50422/anti-ulcer-activity-of-hydro-alcoholic-extract-of-ficus-bengalensis-linn-bark-in-experimental-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Nanoemulsion Formulation of Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis and Its Antioxidant Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachmat%20Mauludin">Rachmat Mauludin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dita%20Sasri%20Primaviri"> Dita Sasri Primaviri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irda%20Fidrianny"> Irda Fidrianny</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Propolis contains several antioxidant compounds which can be used in topical application to protect skin against free radical, prevent skin cancer and skin aging. Previous study showed that 70% ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) provided the greatest antioxidant activity. Since EEP has very small solubility in water, the extract was prepared in nanoemulsion (NE). Nanoemulsion is chosen as cosmetic dosage forms according to its properties namely to decrease the risk of skin’s irritation, increase penetration, prolong its time to remain in our skin, and improve stability. Propolis was extracted using reflux methods and concentrated using rotavapor. EEP was characterized with several tests such as phytochemical screening, density, and antioxidant activity using DPPH method. Optimation of total surfactant, co-surfactant, oil, and amount of EEP that can be included in NE were required to get the best NE formulation. The evaluations included to organoleptic observation, globul size, polydispersity index, morphology using TEM, viscosity, pH, centrifuge, stability, Freeze and Thaw test, radical scavenging activity using DPPH method, and primary irritation test. The yield extracts was 11.12% from raw propolis contained of steroid/triterpenoid, flavonoid, and saponin based on phytochemical screening. EEP had the value of DPPH scavenging activity 61.14% and IC50 0.41629 ppm. The best NE formulation consisted of 26.25% Kolliphor RH40; 8.75% glycerine; 5% rice bran oil; and 3% EEP. NE was transparant, had globul size of 21.9 nm; polydispersity index of 0.338; and pH of 5.67. Based on TEM morphology, NE was almost spherical and has particle size below 50 nm. NE propolis revealed to be physically stable after stability test within 63 days at 25oC, centrifuged for 30 mins at 13.000 rpm, and passed 6 cycles of Freeze and Thaw test without separated. NE propolis reduced 58% of free radical DPPH similar to antioxidant activity of the original extracts. Antioxidant activity of NE propolis is relatively stable after stored for 6 weeks. NE Propolis was proven to be safe by primary irritation test with the value of primary irritation index (OECD) was 0. The best formulation for NE propolis contained of 26.25% Kolliphor RH40; 8.75% glycerine; 5% rice bran oil; and 3% EEP with globul size of 21.9 nm and polydispersity index of 0.338. NE propolis was stable and had antioxidant activity similar to EEP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propolis" title="propolis">propolis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoemulsion" title=" nanoemulsion"> nanoemulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation%20test" title=" irritation test"> irritation test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20332/nanoemulsion-formulation-of-ethanolic-extracts-of-propolis-and-its-antioxidant-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">304</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Development of capsaicin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for topical application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwanputtha%20Arunprasert">Kwanputtha Arunprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiyakarn%20Pornpitchanarong"> Chaiyakarn Pornpitchanarong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Praneet%20Opanasopit"> Praneet Opanasopit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prasopchai%20Patrojanasophon">Prasopchai Patrojanasophon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Capsaicin, a recently FDA-approved drug for the topical treatment of neuropathic pain, is associated with several side effects like burning sensation and erythema leading to severe skin irritation and poor patient compliance. These unwanted side effects are due to the rapid penetration of capsaicin into the epidermis and low permeation to the dermis layer. The purpose of this study was to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) that entrapped capsaicin for reducing dermal irritation. Solid lipid (glyceryl monostearate (GM), cetyl palmitate (CP), cetyl alcohol (COH), stearic acid (SA), and stearyl alcohol (SOH)) and surfactant (Tween®80, Tween®20, and Span®20) were varied to obtained optimal capsaicin-loaded NLCs. The formulation using CP as solid lipid and Tween®80 as a surfactant (F2) demonstrated the smallest size, excellent colloidal stability, and narrow range distribution of the particles as being analyzed using Zetasizer. The obtained capsaicin-loaded NLCs were then characterized by entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC). The release characteristics followed Higuchi kinetics, and the prolonged capsaicin release may result in the reduction in skin irritation. These results could demonstrate the potentials of capsaicinloaded lipid-based nanoparticles for topical drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capsaicin" title="capsaicin">capsaicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid-based%20nanoparticles" title=" lipid-based nanoparticles"> lipid-based nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructured%20lipid%20carriers" title=" nanostructured lipid carriers"> nanostructured lipid carriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topical%20drug%20delivery%20system" title=" topical drug delivery system"> topical drug delivery system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179761/development-of-capsaicin-loaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-for-topical-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Preparation and Characterization of Water-in-Oil Nanoemulsion of 5-Fluorouracil to Enhance Skin Permeation for Treatment of Skin Diseases.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Rajinikanth">P. S. Rajinikanth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shobana%20Mariappan"> Shobana Mariappan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jestin%20Chellian"> Jestin Chellian </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of the study was to prepare and characterize a water-in-oil nano emulsion of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) to enhance the skin penetration. The present study describes a nano emulsion of 5FU using Capyrol PGMC, Transcutol HP and PEG 400 as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The optimized formulations were further evaluated for heating cooling cycle, centrifugation studies, freeze thaw cycling, particle size distribution and zeta potential in order to confirm the stability of the optimized nano emulsions. The in-vitro characterization results showed that the droplets of prepared formulation were ~100 nm with ± 15 zeta potential. In vitro skin permeation studies was conducted in albino mice skin. Significant increase in permeability parameters was also observed in nano emulsion formulations (P<0.05). The steady-state flux (Jss), enhancement ration and permeability coefficient (Kp) for optimized nano emulsion formulation (FU2, FU1, 1:1 S mix were found to be 24.21 ±2.45 μg/cm2/h, 3.28±0.87 & 19.52±1.87 cm/h, respectively), which were significant compared with conventional gel. The in vitro and in vivo skin deposition studies in rat indicated that the amount of drug deposited from the nano emulsion (292.45 µg/cm2) in skin was significant (P<0.05) an increased as compared to a conventional 5FU gel (121.42 µg/cm2). The skin irritation study using rat skin showed that the mean irritation index of the nano emulsion reduced significantly (P<0.05) as compared with conventional gel contain 1% 5FU. The results from this study suggest that a water-in-oil nano emulsion could be safely used to promote skin penetration of 5FU following topical application. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20emulsion" title="nano emulsion">nano emulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20release" title=" controlled release"> controlled release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5%20fluorouracil" title=" 5 fluorouracil"> 5 fluorouracil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20penetration" title=" skin penetration"> skin penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20irritation" title=" skin irritation "> skin irritation </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11646/preparation-and-characterization-of-water-in-oil-nanoemulsion-of-5-fluorouracil-to-enhance-skin-permeation-for-treatment-of-skin-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Immuno-Protective Role of Mucosal Delivery of Lactococcus lactis Expressing Functionally Active JlpA Protein on Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Chickens </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankita%20Singh">Ankita Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chandan%20Gorain"> Chandan Gorain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amirul%20I.%20Mallick"> Amirul I. Mallick</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Successful adherence of the mucosal epithelial cells is the key early step for Campylobacter jejuni pathogenesis (C. jejuni). A set of Surface Exposed Colonization Proteins (SECPs) are among the major factors involved in host cell adherence and invasion of C. jejuni. Among them, constitutively expressed surface-exposed lipoprotein adhesin of C. jejuni, JlpA, interacts with intestinal heat shock protein 90 (hsp90α) and contributes in disease progression by triggering pro-inflammatory response via activation of NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase pathway. Together with its ability to express in the bacterial surface, higher sequence conservation and predicted predominance of several B cells epitopes, JlpA protein reserves its potential to become an effective vaccine candidate against wide range of Campylobacter sps including C. jejuni. Given that chickens are the primary sources for C. jejuni and persistent gut colonization remain as major cause for foodborne pathogenesis to humans, present study explicitly used chickens as model to test the immune-protective efficacy of JlpA protein. Taking into account that gastrointestinal tract is the focal site for C. jejuni colonization, to extrapolate the benefit of mucosal (intragastric) delivery of JlpA protein, a food grade Nisin inducible Lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) was engineered to express recombinant JlpA protein (rJlpA) in the surface of the bacteria. Following evaluation of optimal surface expression and functionality of recombinant JlpA protein expressed by recombinant L. lactis (rL. lactis), the immune-protective role of intragastric administration of live rL. lactis was assessed in commercial broiler chickens. In addition to the significant elevation of antigen specific mucosal immune responses in the intestine of chickens that received three doses of rL. lactis, marked upregulation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene expression in association with mixed pro-inflammatory responses (both Th1 and Th17 type) was observed. Furthermore, intragastric delivery of rJlpA expressed by rL. lactis, but not the injectable form, resulted in a significant reduction in C. jejuni colonization in chickens suggesting that mucosal delivery of live rL. lactis expressing JlpA serves as a promising vaccine platform to induce strong immune-protective responses against C. jejuni in chickens. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chickens" title="chickens">chickens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipoprotein%20adhesion%20of%20Campylobacter%20jejuni" title=" lipoprotein adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni"> lipoprotein adhesion of Campylobacter jejuni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immuno-protection" title=" immuno-protection"> immuno-protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lactococcus%20lactis" title=" Lactococcus lactis"> Lactococcus lactis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20delivery" title=" mucosal delivery"> mucosal delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108716/immuno-protective-role-of-mucosal-delivery-of-lactococcus-lactis-expressing-functionally-active-jlpa-protein-on-campylobacter-jejuni-colonization-in-chickens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Mechanisms of Atiulcerogenic Activity of Costus speciosus Rhizome Extract in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Fani">Somayeh Fani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Ameen%20Abdulla"> Mahmood Ameen Abdulla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Costus speciosus is an important Malaysian medicinal plant commonly used traditionally in the treatment of many aliments. The present investigation is designed to elucidate preventive effects of ethanolic extracts of C. speciosus rhizome against absolute ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Five groups of rats were orally pre-treated with vehicle, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as normal control group (Group 1), ethanol as ulcer control group (Group 2), omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group) (Group 3), and 250 and 500 mg/kg of C. speciosus extract (experimental groups) (Group 4 and 5), respectively. An hour later, CMC was given orally to Group 1 rats and absolute ethanol was given orally to Group 2-5 rats to generate gastric mucosal injury. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed. Grossly, ulcer control group exhibited severe of gastric mucosal hemorrhagic injury and increased in ulcer area, whereas groups pre-treated with omeprazole or plant’s rhizomes exhibited the significant reduction of gastric mucosal injury. Significant increase in the pH and mucous of gastric content was observed in rats re-treated with C. speciosus rhizome. Histology, ulcer control rats, demonstrated remarkable disruption of gastric mucosa, increased in edema and inflammatory cells infiltration of submucosal layer compared to rats pre-treated with rhizomes extract. Periodic acid Schiff staining for glycoprotein, rats pre-fed with C. speciosus C. displayed remarkably intense uptake of magenta color by glandular gastric mucosa compared with ulcer control rats. Immunostaining of gastric epithelium, rats pre-treatment with rhizome extract provide evidence of up-regulation of HSP70 and down-regulation of Bax proteins compared to ulcer control animals. Gastric tissue homogenate, C. speciosus significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), increased the level of non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) and decreased the level of lipid peroxidation after ethanol administration. Acute toxicity test did not show any signs of toxicity. The mechanisms implicated the gasrtoprotective property of C. speciosus depend upon the antisecretory activity, increased in gastric mucus glycoprotein, up-regulation of HSP70 protein and down-regulation of Bax proteins, reduction in the lipid peroxidation and increase in the level of NP-SH and antioxidant enzymes activity in gastic homogenate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Costus%20speciosus" title=" Costus speciosus"> Costus speciosus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20ulcer" title=" gastric ulcer"> gastric ulcer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histology" title=" histology"> histology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omeprazole" title=" omeprazole"> omeprazole</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63016/mechanisms-of-atiulcerogenic-activity-of-costus-speciosus-rhizome-extract-in-ethanol-induced-gastric-mucosal-injury-in-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63016.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Why is the Recurrence Rate of Residual or Recurrent Disease Following Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of the Oesophageal Dysplasia’s and T1 Tumours Higher in the Greater Midlands Cancer Network?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshadkumar%20Rajgor">Harshadkumar Rajgor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeff%20Butterworth"> Jeff Butterworth</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Barretts oesophagus increases the risk of developing oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Over the last 40 years, there has been a 6 fold increase in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in the western world and the incidence rates are increasing at a greater rate than cancers of the colon, breast and lung. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a relatively new technique being used by 2 centres in the greater midlands cancer network. EMR can be used for curative or staging purposes, for high-grade dysplasia’s and T1 tumours of the oesophagus. EMR is also suitable for those who are deemed high risk for oesophagectomy. EMR has a recurrence rate of 21% according to the Wiesbaden data. Method: A retrospective study of prospectively collected data was carried out involving 24 patients who had EMR for curative or staging purposes. Complications of residual or recurrent disease following EMR that required further treatment were investigated. Results: In 54% of cases residual or recurrent disease was suspected. 96% of patients were given clear and concise information regarding their diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or T1 tumours. All 24 patients consulted the same specialist healthcare team. Conclusion: EMR is a safe and effective treatment for patients who have high-grade dysplasia and T1NO tumours. In 54% of cases residual or recurrent disease was suspected. Initially, only single resections were undertaken. Multiple resections are now being carried out to reduce the risk of recurrence. Complications from EMR remain low in this series and consisted of a single episode of post procedural bleeding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endoscopic%20mucosal%20resection" title="endoscopic mucosal resection">endoscopic mucosal resection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oesophageal%20dysplasia" title=" oesophageal dysplasia"> oesophageal dysplasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T1%20tumours" title=" T1 tumours"> T1 tumours</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20network" title=" cancer network"> cancer network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22352/why-is-the-recurrence-rate-of-residual-or-recurrent-disease-following-endoscopic-mucosal-resection-emr-of-the-oesophageal-dysplasias-and-t1-tumours-higher-in-the-greater-midlands-cancer-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Malaysia: A Teaching Hospital Based Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renjith%20George%20Pallivathukal">Renjith George Pallivathukal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preethy%20Mary%20Donald"> Preethy Mary Donald</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Asymptomatic oral lesions are often ignored by the patients and usually will be identified only in advanced stages. Early detection of precancerous lesions is important for better prognosis. It is also important for the oral health care person to be aware of the regional prevalence of oral lesions in order to provide early care for the same. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the prevalence of oral lesions based on the information available from patient records in a teaching dental school. Dental records of patients who attended the department of Oral medicine and diagnosis between September 2014 and September 2016 were retrieved and verified for oral lesions. Results: The ages of the patients ranged from 13 to 38 years with a mean age of 21.8 years. The lesions were classified as white (40.5%), red (23%), ulcerated (10.5%), pigmented (15.2%) and soft tissue enlargements (10.8%). 52% of the patients were unaware of the oral lesions before the dental visit. Overall, the prevalence of lesions in dental patients lower to national estimates, but the prevalence of some lesions showed variations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20mucosal%20lesion" title="oral mucosal lesion">oral mucosal lesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-cancer" title=" pre-cancer"> pre-cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence"> prevalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soft%20tissue%20lesion" title=" soft tissue lesion"> soft tissue lesion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61546/prevalence-of-oral-mucosal-lesions-in-malaysia-a-teaching-hospital-based-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> History of Recurrent Mucosal Infections and Immune System Disorders Is Related to Complications of Non-infectious Anterior Uveitis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Torres%20Rives">Barbara Torres Rives</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Uveitis. Non-infectious anterior uveitis is a polygenic inflammatory eye disease, and it is suggested that mediated processes by the immune system (autoimmune or not) are the main mechanisms proposed in the pathogenesis of this type of uveitis. A relationship between infectious processes, digestive disorders, and a dysbiosis of the microbiome was recently described. In addition, alterations in the immune response associated with the initiation and progression of the disease have been described. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify factors related to the immune system associated with complicated non-infectious anterior uveitis. Methods: A cross-sectional observational analytical study was carried out. The universe consisted of all patients attending the ocular inflammation service of the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology Ramón Pando Ferrer. The sample consisted of 213 patients diagnosed with non-infectious anterior uveitis. Results: Of the 213 patients with non-infectious anterior uveitis, the development of ophthalmologic complications predominated 56.3% (p=0.0094). In patients with complications was more frequent the presence of human leukocyte antigen-B27 allele (49.2%) (p<0.0001), decreased immunoglobulin G (24.2%, p=0.0124), increased immunoglobulin A (14.2%, p=0.0024), history of recurrent sepsis (59.2%, p=0.0018), recurrent respiratory infections (44.2%, p=0.0003), digestive alterations (40%, p=0.0013) and spondyloarthropathies (30%, p=0.0314). By logistic regression, it was observed that, for each completed year, the elevated risk for developing complicated non-infectious anterior uveitis in human leukocyte antigen-B27 allele positive patients (OR: 4.22, p=0.000), Conclusions: The control of recurrent sepsis at mucosal level and immunomodulation could prevent complications in non-infectious anterior uveitis. Therefore, the microbiome becomes the target of treatment and prevention of complications in non-infectious anterior uveitis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-infectious%20anterior%20uveitis" title="non-infectious anterior uveitis">non-infectious anterior uveitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20system%20disorders" title=" immune system disorders"> immune system disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20mucosal%20infections" title=" recurrent mucosal infections"> recurrent mucosal infections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157786/history-of-recurrent-mucosal-infections-and-immune-system-disorders-is-related-to-complications-of-non-infectious-anterior-uveitis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> The Interventional, Prospective, Real-World Post-Marketing Clinical Follow-Up Trial of a Polycarbophil Vaginal Moisturising Gel in Women Affected by Vaginal Dryness in Late Menopausal Transition and Postmenopause: A Triple Investigation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Cagnacci">A. Cagnacci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20F.%20Barattini"> D. F. Barattini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Casolati"> E. Casolati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mangrella"> M. Mangrella</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Piccolo"> E. Piccolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Rosu"> S. Rosu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20C.%20P%C4%83tra%C8%99cu"> L. C. Pătrașcu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This Triple study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of polycarbophil vaginal gel (PCV) in treating symptoms of vaginal atrophy (VA) in peri- and post-menopausal women. Women in peri- (n=29) and postmenopause (n=54) diagnosed with VA were progressively enrolled and treated once a day for 30 days. Thereafter, those wishing to continue (n=73) received the PCV treatment for an additional 180 days. The vaginal health index (VHI) and vaginal dryness, irritation, and pain at intercourse, along with treatment safety, were evaluated at baseline, 30 days of treatment, and after additional 180 days. At baseline, the VHI (p<0.056) and VAS of vaginal dryness (p=0.0001,) irritation (p=0.002), and pain at intercourse (p=0.0001) were worse in postmenopausal women than in perimenopausal women. VHI and VA symptoms improved in all women, and after 30 days of PCV administration, they were similar between peri-and postmenopausal women. After an additional 180 days of treatment, VHI further increased (p=0.0001), VAS of all symptoms (P=0.0001) and the Global Symptom Score (P=0.0001) further decreased. The treatment was safe. Treatment with PCV improves VA symptoms in both peri- and post-menopausal women. Prolongation of treatment up to 6 months increases the efficacy of treatment with no side effects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=late%20menopausal%20transition" title="late menopausal transition">late menopausal transition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postmenopause" title=" postmenopause"> postmenopause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycarbophil" title=" polycarbophil"> polycarbophil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sexuality" title=" sexuality"> sexuality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaginal%20dryness" title=" vaginal dryness"> vaginal dryness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173565/the-interventional-prospective-real-world-post-marketing-clinical-follow-up-trial-of-a-polycarbophil-vaginal-moisturising-gel-in-women-affected-by-vaginal-dryness-in-late-menopausal-transition-and-postmenopause-a-triple-investigation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173565.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 5% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sule%20Pallavi">Sule Pallavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Minoxidil is used topically to help hair growth in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. The objective of this study is to compare irritation potential of three conventional formulation of minoxidil 5% topical solution of in human patch test. The study was a single centre, double blind, non-randomized controlled study in 56 healthy adult Indian subjects. Occlusive patch test for 24 hours was performed with three formulation of minoxidil 5% topical solution. Products tested included aqueous based minoxidil 5% (AnasureTM 5%, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), alcohol based minoxidil 5% (Brand B) and aqueous based minoxidil 5% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate were included as negative control and positive control respectively. Patches were applied and removed after 24hours. The skin reaction was assessed and clinically scored 24 hours after the removal of the patches under constant artificial daylight source using Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/wrinkles/dryness and for oedema). A combined mean score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates a product is “non-irritant” and score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. Follow-up was scheduled after one week to confirm recovery for any reaction. The procedure of the patch test followed the principles outlined by Bureau of Indian standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). Fifty six subjects with mean age 30.9 years (27 males and 29 females) participated in the study. The combined mean score (± standard deviation) were: 0.13 ± 0.33 (Brand A), 0.39 ± 0.49 (Brand B), 0.22 ± 0.41 (Brand C), 2.91 ± 0.79 (Positive control) and 0.02 ± 0.13 (Negative control). The mean score of Brand A (Sun Pharma product) was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.001) and was comparable with Brand C (p=0.21). The combined mean erythema score (± standard deviation) were: 0.09 ± 0.29 (Brand A), 0.27 ± 0.5 (Brand B), 0.18 ± 0.39 (Brand C), 2.02 ± 0.49 (Positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.01) and was comparable with Brand C (p=0.16). Any reaction observed at 24hours after patch removal subsided in a week. All the three topical formulation of minoxidil 5% were non-irritant. Brand A of 5% minoxidil (Sun Pharma) was found to be least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score in the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011;2018. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151547/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-5-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Mycophenolate Mofetil Increases Mucin Expression in Primary Cultures of Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cells for Application in Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandeep%20Kumar%20Agrawal">Sandeep Kumar Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aditi%20Bhattacharya"> Aditi Bhattacharya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janvie%20Manhas"> Janvie Manhas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krushna%20Bhatt"> Krushna Bhatt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yatin%20Kholakiya"> Yatin Kholakiya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nupur%20Khera"> Nupur Khera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajoy%20Roychoudhury"> Ajoy Roychoudhury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudip%20Sen"> Sudip Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autologous cultured explants of human oral mucosal epithelial cells (OMEC) are a potential therapeutic modality for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Injury or inflammation of the ocular surface in the form of burns, chemicals, Stevens Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid etc. can lead to destruction and deficiency of limbal stem cells. LSCD manifests in the form of severe ocular surface diseases (OSD) characterized by persistent and recurrent epithelial defects, conjuntivalisation and neovascularisation of the corneal surface, scarring and ultimately opacity and blindness. Most of the cases of OSD are associated with severe dry eye pertaining to diminished mucin and aqueous secretion. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) has been shown to upregulate the mucin expression in conjunctival goblet cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MMF on mucin expression in primary cultures of oral mucosal epithelial cells. With institutional ethics committee approval and written informed consent, thirty oral mucosal epithelial tissue samples were obtained from patients undergoing oral surgery for non-malignant conditions. OMEC were grown on human amniotic membrane (HAM, obtained from expecting mothers undergoing elective caesarean section) scaffold for 2 weeks in growth media containing DMEM & Ham’s F12 (1:1) with 10% FBS and growth factors. In vitro dosage of MMF was standardised by MTT assay. Analysis of stem cell markers was done using RT-PCR while mucin mRNA expression was quantified using RT-PCR and q-PCR before and after treating cultured OMEC with graded concentrations of MMF for 24 hours. Protein expression was validated using immunocytochemistry. Morphological studies revealed a confluent sheet of proliferating, stratified oral mucosal epithelial cells growing over the surface of HAM scaffold. The presence of progenitor stem cell markers (p63, p75, β1-Integrin and ABCG2) and cell surface associated mucins (MUC1, MUC15 and MUC16) were elucidated by RT-PCR. The mucin mRNA expression was found to be upregulated in MMF treated primary cultures of OMEC, compared to untreated controls as quantified by q-PCR with β-actin as internal reference gene. Increased MUC1 protein expression was validated by immunocytochemistry on representative samples. Our findings conclude that OMEC have the ability to form a multi-layered confluent sheet on the surface of HAM similar to a cornea, which is important for the reconstruction of the damaged ocular surface. Cultured OMEC has stem cell properties as demonstrated by stem cell markers. MMF can be a novel enhancer of mucin production in OMEC. It has the potential to improve dry eye in patients undergoing OMEC transplantation for bilateral OSD. Further clinical trials are required to establish the role of MMF in patients undergoing OMEC transplantation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limbal%20stem%20cell%20deficiency" title="limbal stem cell deficiency">limbal stem cell deficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycophenolate%20mofetil" title=" mycophenolate mofetil"> mycophenolate mofetil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucin" title=" mucin"> mucin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20surface%20disease" title=" ocular surface disease"> ocular surface disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39501/mycophenolate-mofetil-increases-mucin-expression-in-primary-cultures-of-oral-mucosal-epithelial-cells-for-application-in-limbal-stem-cell-deficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Association between a Serotonin Re-Uptake Transporter Gene Polymorphism and Mucosal Serotonin Level in Women Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Control: A Pilot Study from Northern India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Kumar">Sunil Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uday%20C.%20Ghoshal"> Uday C. Ghoshal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and aims: Serotonin (5-hydroxtryptamine, 5-HT) is an important factor in gut function, playing key roles in intestinal peristalsis and secretion, and in sensory signaling in the brain-gut axis. Removal from its sites of action is mediated by a specific protein called the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT). Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the SERT gene have effects on transcriptional activity, resulting in altered 5-HT reuptake efficiency. Functional polymorphisms may underlie disturbance in gut function in individuals suffering with disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of this study was to assess the potential association between SERT polymorphisms and the diarrhea predominant IBS (D-IBS) phenotype Subjects: A total of 36 northern Indian female patients and 55 female northern Indian healthy controls (HC) were subjected to genotyping. Methods: Leucocyte DNA of all subjects was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction based technologies for SERT polymorphisms, specifically the insertion/deletion polymorphism in the promoter (SERT-P). Statistical analysis was performed to assess association of SERT polymorphism allele with the D-IBS phenotype. Results: The frequency of distribution of SERT-P gene was comparable between female patients with IBS and HC (p = 0.086). However, frequency of SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype was significantly higher in female patients with D-IBS compared to C-IBS and A-IBS [17/19 (89.5%) vs. 4/12 (33.3%) vs. 1/5 (20%), p=0.001, respectively]. The mucosal level of serotonin was higher in D-IBS compared to C-IBS and A-IBS [Median, range (159.26, 98.78–212.1) vs. 110.4, 67.87–143.53 vs. 92.34, 78.8–166.3 pmol/mL, p=0.001, respectively]. The mucosal level of serotonin was higher in female patients with IBS with SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype compared deletion/insertion and insertion/insertion [157.65, 67.87–212.1 vs. 110.4, 78.1–143.32 vs. 100.5, 69.1–132.03 pmol/mL, p=0.001, respectively]. Patients with D-IBS with deletion/deletion genotype more often reported symptoms of abdominal pain, discomfort (p=0.025) and bloating (p=0.039). Symptoms development following lactose ingestion was strongly associated with D-IBS and SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype (p=0.004). Conclusions: Significant association was observed between D-IBS and the SERT-P deletion/deletion genotype, suggesting that the serotonin transporter is a potential candidate gene for D-IBS in women. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serotonin" title="serotonin">serotonin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SERT" title=" SERT"> SERT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20bowel%20disease" title=" inflammatory bowel disease"> inflammatory bowel disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20polymorphism" title=" genetic polymorphism"> genetic polymorphism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21586/association-between-a-serotonin-re-uptake-transporter-gene-polymorphism-and-mucosal-serotonin-level-in-women-patients-with-irritable-bowel-syndrome-and-healthy-control-a-pilot-study-from-northern-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21586.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 5% + Finasteride 0.1% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joshi%20Rajiv">Joshi Rajiv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Topical formulation containing minoxidil and finasteride helps hair growth in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. The objective of this study is to compare the irritation potential of three conventional formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% topical solution of in human patch test. The study was a single centre, double blind, non-randomized controlled study in 53 healthy adult Indian subjects. Occlusive patch test for 24 hours was performed with three formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% topical solution. Products tested included aqueous based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (AnasureTM-F, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), lipid based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Brand B) and aqueous based minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate were included as negative control and positive control respectively. Patches were applied and removed after 24 hours. The skin reaction was assessed and clinically scored 24 hours after the removal of the patches under constant artificial daylight source using the Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/dryness//wrinkles and for oedema). Follow-up was scheduled after one week to confirm recovery for any reaction. A combined mean score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates a product is “non-irritant” and a score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and a score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. The procedure of the patch test followed the principles outlined by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). Fifty three subjects with mean age 31.9 years (25 males and 28 females) participated in the study. The combined mean score ± standard deviation were: 0.06 ± 0.23 (Brand A), 0.81 ± 0.59 (Brand B), 0.38 ± 0.49 (Brand C), 2.92 ± 0.47 (positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). This means the score of Brand A (Sun Pharma product) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.001) and that of Brand C (p=0.001). The combined mean erythema score ± standard deviation were: 0.06 ± 0.23 (Brand A), 0.81 ± 0.59 (Brand B), 0.38 ± 0.49 (Brand C), 2.09 ± 0.4 (Positive control) and 0.0 ± 0.0 (Negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A was significantly lower than Brand B (p=0.001) and that of Brand C (p=0.001). Any reaction observed at 24hours after patch removal subsided in a week. All the three topical formulations of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% were non-irritant. Brand A of minoxidil 5% + finasteride 0.1% (Sun Pharma) was found to be the least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score in the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011:2018 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finasteride" title=" finasteride"> finasteride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151553/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-5-finasteride-01-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Evaluation of the Irritation Potential of Three Topical Formulations of Minoxidil 2% Using Patch Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sule%20Pallavi">Sule Pallavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Priyank"> Shah Priyank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thavkar%20Amit"> Thavkar Amit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohira%20Poonam"> Rohira Poonam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehta%20Suyog"> Mehta Suyog</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Minoxidil has been used topically for a long time to assist hair growth in the management of male androgenetic alopecia. The aim of this study was a comparative assessment of the irritation potential of three commercial formulations of minoxidil 2% topical solution in a human patch test. Methodology: The study was a non-randomized, double-blind, controlled, single-center study of 56 healthy adult Indian subjects. A 24-hour occlusive patch test was conducted with three formulations of minoxidil 2% topical solution. Products tested were aqueous-based minoxidil 2% (AnasureTM 2%, Sun Pharma, India – Brand A), alcohol-based minoxidil 2% (Brand B) and aqueous-based minoxidil 2% (Brand C). Isotonic saline 0.9% and 1% w/w sodium lauryl sulphate as a negative and positive control, respectively, were included. Patches were applied on the back, followed by removal after 24 hours. The Draize scale (0-4 points scale for erythema/dryness/wrinkles and for oedema) was used to evaluate and clinically score the skin reaction under constant artificial daylight 24 hours after the removal of the patches. The patch test was based on the principles outlined by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (IS 4011:2018; Methods of Test for safety evaluation of Cosmetics-3rd revision). A mean combined score up to 2.0/8.0 indicates that a product is “non-irritant,” and a score between 2.0/8.0 and 4.0/8.0 indicates “mildly irritant” and a score above 4.0/8.0 indicates “irritant”. In case of any skin reaction that was observed, a follow-up was planned after one week to confirm recovery. Results: The 56 subjects who participated in the study had a mean age of 28.7 years (28 males and 28 females). The combined mean score ± standard deviation was: 0.09 ± 0.29 (Brand A), 0.29± 0.53 (Brand B), 0.30 ± 0.46 (Brand C), 3.25 ± 0.77 (positive control) and 0.02 ± 0.13 (negative control). This mean score of Brand A (Sun Pharma) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.016) and that of Brand C (p=0.004). The mean erythema score ± standard deviation was: 0.09 ± 0.29 (Brand A), 0.27 ± 0.49 (Brand B), 0.30 ± 0.46 (Brand C), 2.5 ± 0.66 (positive control) and 0.02 ± 0.13 (negative control). The mean erythema score of Brand A (Sun Pharma) was significantly lower than that of Brand B (p=0.019) and that of Brand C (p=0.004). Reactions that were observed 24 hours after patch removal subsided in a week’s time. Conclusion: Based on the human patch test as per the BIS, IS 4011:2018, all the three topical formulations of minoxidil 2% were found to be non-irritant. Brand A of 2% minoxidil (Sun Pharma) was found to be the least irritant than Brand B and Brand C based on the combined mean score and mean erythema score. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema" title="erythema">erythema</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irritation" title=" irritation"> irritation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minoxidil" title=" minoxidil"> minoxidil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patch%20test" title=" patch test"> patch test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151544/evaluation-of-the-irritation-potential-of-three-topical-formulations-of-minoxidil-2-using-patch-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Effects of Bleaching Procedures on Dentine Sensitivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suhayla%20Reda%20Al-Banai">Suhayla Reda Al-Banai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problem Statement: Tooth whitening was used for over one hundred and fifty year. The question concerning the whiteness of teeth is a complex one since tooth whiteness will vary from individual to individual, dependent on age and culture, etc. Tooth whitening following treatment may be dependent on the type of whitening system used to whiten the teeth. There are a few side-effects to the process, and these include tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation. Some individuals may experience no pain or sensitivity following the procedure. Purpose: To systematically review the available published literature until 31st December 2021 to identify all relevant studies for inclusion and to determine whether there was any evidence demonstrating that the application of whitening procedures resulted in the tooth sensitivity. Aim: Systematically review the available published works of literature to identify all relevant studies for inclusion and to determine any evidence demonstrating that application of 10% & 15% carbamide peroxide in tooth whitening procedures resulted in tooth sensitivity. Material and Methods: Following a review of 70 relevant papers from searching both electronic databases (OVID MEDLINE and PUBMED) and hand searching of relevant written journals, 49 studies were identified, 42 papers were subsequently excluded, and 7 studies were finally accepted for inclusion. The extraction of data for inclusion was conducted by two reviewers. The main outcome measures were the methodology and assessment used by investigators to evaluate tooth sensitivity in tooth whitening studies. Results: The reported evaluation of tooth sensitivity during tooth whitening procedures was based on the subjective response of subjects rather than a recognized methodology for evaluating. One of the problems in evaluating was the lack of homogeneity in study design. Seven studies were included. The studies included essential features namely: randomized group, placebo controls, doubleblind and single-blind. Drop-out was obtained from two of included studies. Three of the included studies reported sensitivity at the baseline visit. Two of the included studies mentioned the exclusion criteria Conclusions: The results were inconclusive due to: Limited number of included studies, the study methodology, and evaluation of DS reported. Tooth whitening procedures adversely affect both hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity. Sideeffects are mild and transient in nature. Whitening solutions with greater than 10% carbamide peroxide causes more tooth sensitivity. Studies using nightguard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide reported two side effects tooth sensitivity and gingival irritation, although tooth sensitivity was more prevalent than gingival irritation <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dentine" title="dentine">dentine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bleaching" title=" bleaching"> bleaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbamide%20peroxde" title=" carbamide peroxde"> carbamide peroxde</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162878/effects-of-bleaching-procedures-on-dentine-sensitivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162878.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">70</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> HIV-1 Nef Mediates Host Invasion by Differential Expression of Alpha-Enolase</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reshu%20Saxena">Reshu Saxena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20K.%20Tripathi"> R. K. Tripathi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HIV-1 transmission and spread involves significant host-virus interaction. Potential targets for prevention of HIV-1 lies at the site of mucosal barriers. Thus a better understanding of how HIV-1 infects target cells at such sites and lead their invasion is required, with prime focus on the host determinants regulating HIV-1 spread. HIV-1 Nef is important for viral infectivity and pathogenicity. It promotes HIV-1 replication, facilitating immune evasion by interacting with various host factors and altering cellular pathways via multiple protein-protein interactions. In this study nef was sequenced from HIV-1 patients, and showed specific mutations revealing sequence variability in nef. To explore the difference in Nef functionality based on sequence variability we have studied the effects of HIV-1 Nef in human SupT1 T cell line and (THP-1) monocyte-macrophage cell lines through proteomics approach. 2D-Gel Electrophoresis in control and Nef-transfected SupT1 cells demonstrated several differentially expressed proteins with significant modulation of alpha-enolase. Through further studies, effects of Nef on alpha-enolase regulation were found to be cell lineage-specific, being stimulatory in macrophages/monocytes, inhibitory in T cells and without effect in HEK-293 cells. Cell migration and invasion studies were employed to determine biological function affected by Nef mediated regulation of alpha-enolase. Cell invasion was enhanced in THP-1 cells but was inhibited in SupT1 cells by wildtype nef. In addition, the modulation of enolase and cell invasion remained unaffected by a unique nef variant. These results indicated that regulation of alpha-enolase expression and invasive property of host cells by Nef is sequence specific, suggesting involvement of a particular motif of Nef. To precisely determine this site, we designed a heptapeptide including the suggested alpha-enolase regulating sequence of nef and a nef mutant with deletion of this site. Macrophages/monocytes being the major cells affected by HIV-1 at mucosal barriers, were particularly investigated by the nef mutant and peptide. Both the nef mutant and heptapeptide led to inhibition of enhanced enolase expression and increased invasiveness in THP-1 cells. Together, these findings suggest a possible mechanism of host invasion by HIV-1 through Nef mediated regulation of alpha-enolase and identifies a potential therapeutic target for HIV-1 entry at mucosal barriers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV-1%20Nef" title="HIV-1 Nef">HIV-1 Nef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nef%20variants" title=" nef variants"> nef variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=host-virus%20interaction" title=" host-virus interaction"> host-virus interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20invasion" title=" tissue invasion"> tissue invasion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21200/hiv-1-nef-mediates-host-invasion-by-differential-expression-of-alpha-enolase" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21200.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Development and Efficacy Assessment of an Enteric Coated Porous Tablet Loaded with F4 Fimbriae for Oral Vaccination against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infections</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Atul%20Srivastava">Atul Srivastava</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20V.%20Gowda"> D. V. Gowda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is one of the major causes contributing to the development of diarrhoea in adults and children in developing countries. To date, no preventive/treatment strategy showed promising results, which could be due to the lack of potent vaccines, and/or due to the development of resistance of ETEC to antibiotics. Therefore, in the present investigation, a novel porous Sodium Alginate (SA) tablet formulation loaded with F4 fimbriae antigen was developed and tested for efficacy against ETEC infections in piglet models. Pre-compression parameters of the powder mixes and post compression parameters of tablets have been evaluated and results were found to be satisfactory. Loading of F4 fimbrial antigens in to the tablets was achieved by inducing pores in the tablets via the sublimation of camphor followed by incubation with purified F4 fimbriae. The loaded tablets have been coated with Eudragit L100 to protect the F4 fimbriae from (a) highly acidic gastric environment; (b) proteolytic cleavage by pepsin; and (c) to promote subsequent release in the intestine. Evaluation of developed F4 fimbrial tablets in a Pig model demonstrated induction of mucosal immunity, and a signiﬁcant reduction of F4+ E. coli in faeces. Therefore, F4 fimbriae loaded porous tablets could be a novel oral vaccination candidate to induce mucosal and systemic immunity against ETEC infections. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=porous%20tablets" title="porous tablets">porous tablets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sublimation" title=" sublimation"> sublimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=f4%20fimbriae" title=" f4 fimbriae"> f4 fimbriae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eudragit%20l100" title=" eudragit l100"> eudragit l100</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27290/development-and-efficacy-assessment-of-an-enteric-coated-porous-tablet-loaded-with-f4-fimbriae-for-oral-vaccination-against-enterotoxigenic-escherichia-coli-infections" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27290.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Cytotoxic Drugs: Handling Practices and Clinical Manifestations among Hospital Staff </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boularas%20El-Alia">Boularas El-Alia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arbi%20Raja"> Arbi Raja</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Bouiadjra%20Sara"> Bachir Bouiadjra Sara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezk-Kallah%20Haciba"> Rezk-Kallah Haciba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezkkallah%20Baghdad"> Rezkkallah Baghdad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives : To determine the handling practices of cytotoxic drugs and to describe clinical manifestations expressed by hospital personnel of Sidi Bel Abbes during the year 2014. Methods: Sectional descriptive study conducted in 3 center university hospital units (Hematology, Oncology and Urology) and Gynecology of EHS Sidi Bel Abbes. A questionnaire was administered to hospital workers regulary exposed to cytotoxic drugs. A work-place visit was performed to have an overview about working conditions. The Cytotoxic Contact Index (CCI) was calculated for each nurse on a period of 15 working days. Treatment of the results was done using SPSS software. Results: The survey reveals that 22 men and 58 women are exposed to cytotoxic drugs for an average of 7 years. Many symptoms such as ocular irritation (38,75%), throat irritation (56,25%), headache (68,75%), dizziness (43,75%), nausea (37,5%), metallic taste (30%), were reported with high frequency. Are noted in the offspring, 3 congenital anomalies,2 diaphragmatic hernia and a cleft palate. The Cytotoxic Contact Index (CCI) was higher than 3 among Oncology nurses and higher than 1 for most of the nurses of Hematology and Gynecology service. The wearing of personal protective clothing was not respected by all workers: (22/23) wear gloves and (20/23) wear a mask,(5/23) wear a cap, (2/23) wear glasses. Only 3 nurses have benefited from continuous training on handling cytotoxic drugs. Conclusion: This study shows a high occupational exposure risk to cytotoxic drugs among persons handling these drugs and the necessity to apply rigorously all measures related to personal protection awareness and training of personnel to minimize these exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytotoxic%20drugs" title="cytotoxic drugs">cytotoxic drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=handling" title=" handling"> handling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20manifestations" title=" clinical manifestations"> clinical manifestations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospital%20staff" title=" hospital staff"> hospital staff</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15321/cytotoxic-drugs-handling-practices-and-clinical-manifestations-among-hospital-staff" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15321.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Potential Therapeutic Effect of Obestatin in Oral Mucositis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agnieszka%20Stempniewicz">Agnieszka Stempniewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Piotr%20Ceranowicz"> Piotr Ceranowicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Macyk"> Wojciech Macyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jakub%20Cieszkowski"> Jakub Cieszkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Ku%C5%9Bnierz-Caba%C5%82a"> Beata Kuśnierz-Cabała</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Ga%C5%82%C4%85zka"> Katarzyna Gałązka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zygmunt%20Warzecha"> Zygmunt Warzecha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objectives: There are numerous strategies for the prevention or treatment of oral mucositis. However, their effectiveness is limited and does not correspond to expectations. Recent studies have shown that obestatin exhibits a protective effect and accelerates the healing of gastrointestinal mucosa. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of obestatin administration on oral ulcers in rats. Methods: lingual ulcers were induced by the use of acetic acid. Rats were treated twice a day intraperitoneally with saline or obestatin(4, 8, or 16 nmol/kg/dose) for five days. The study determined: lingual mucosa morphology, cell proliferation, mucosal blood flow, and mucosal pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β level(IL-1β). Results: In animals without induction of oral ulcers, treatment with obestatin was without any effect. Obestatin administration in rats with lingual ulcers increased the healing rate of these ulcers. Obestatin given at the dose of 8 or 16 nmol/kg/dose caused the strongest and similar therapeutic effect. This result was associated with a significant increase in blood flow and cell proliferation in gingival mucosa, as well as a significant decrease in IL-1β level. Conclusions: Obestatin accelerates the healing of lingual ulcers in rats. This therapeutic effect is well-correlated with an increase in blood flow and cell proliferation in oral mucosa, as well as a decrease in pro-inflammatory IL-1β levels. Obestatin is a potentially useful candidate for the prevention and treatment of oral mucositis. Acknowledgment: Agnieszka Stempniewicz acknowledges the support of InterDokMed project no. POWR.03.02.00- 00-I013/16. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20mucositis" title="oral mucositis">oral mucositis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ulcers" title=" ulcers"> ulcers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obestatin" title=" obestatin"> obestatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lingual%20mucosa" title=" lingual mucosa"> lingual mucosa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149974/potential-therapeutic-effect-of-obestatin-in-oral-mucositis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Biomimetic Strategies to Design Non-Toxic Antimicrobial Textiles </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isabel%20Gouveia">Isabel Gouveia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antimicrobial textile materials may significantly reduce the risk of infections and because they are able to absorb substances from the skin and release therapeutic compounds to the skin, they can also find applications as complementary therapy of skin-diseases as part of standard management. Although functional textiles may be a promising area in skin disease/injury management, as part of standard management, few offer complementary treatment even though they are well known to reduce scratching and aiding emollient absorption, reducing infection, and alleviating pruritus. The reason for this may rely on the low quality of supporting evidence and negative effect that antimicrobial agents may exert on skin microbiome, as for example additional irritation of the vulnerable skin, and by causing resistant bacteria. Several antimicrobial agents have been tested in textiles: quaternary ammonium compounds, silver, polyhexamethylene-biguanides and triclosan have been used, with success. They have powerful bactericidal activity but the majority have a reduce spectrum of microbial inhibition and may cause skin irritation, ecotoxicity and bacteria resistance. Furthermore, the rising flow of strains resistant to last-resort antibiotics rekindles interest in alternative strategies. In this regard, new functional textiles incorporating highly specific antimicrobial agents towards pathogenic bacteria, are required. Recent research has been conducted on naturally occurring antimicrobials as novel alternatives to antibiotics. Conscious of this need our team firstly reported new approaches using L-cysteine and antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Briefly, we were able to develop different immobilization processes towards 6 Log Reduction against bacteria such as S. aureus and K. pneumoniae. Therefore, here we present several innovative antimicrobial textiles incorporating AMP and L-Cysteine which may open new avenues for the medical textiles market and biomaterials in general. Team references will be discussed as an overview and for comparison purposes in terms of potential therapeutic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antimicrobials" title="Antimicrobials">Antimicrobials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antimicrobial%20Textiles" title=" Antimicrobial Textiles"> Antimicrobial Textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomedical%20Textiles" title=" Biomedical Textiles"> Biomedical Textiles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biomimetic%20surface%20functionalization" title=" Biomimetic surface functionalization"> Biomimetic surface functionalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116421/biomimetic-strategies-to-design-non-toxic-antimicrobial-textiles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> Poliovirus Vaccine Immunity among Chronically Malnourished Pakistani Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial from Developing Country</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Faisal%20Saleem">Ali Faisal Saleem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farheen%20Quadri"> Farheen Quadri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mach%20Ondrej"> Mach Ondrej</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20Zaidi"> Anita Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Pakistan is the final frontier for a polio-free world. Chronic malnutrition is associated with lack of effective gut immunity, and possibly associated with poliomyelitis in children received multiple OPV. We evaluate IPV dose administered together with OPV results in higher immunogenicity and mucosal immunity compared to OPV alone in chronically malnourished infants. Methods AND Materials: A community-based, unblinded-randomized-trial, conducted in 5 peri-urban, low-middle-income households of Karachi, in infants 9-12 months. Two study groups were non-malnourished (HAZ= -2 or more) and chronic malnourished (HAZ <-2SD), with 2-arms each i) OPV and ii) OPV and IPV. Two blood specimens (2ml) at baseline and at day 28 and two stool specimens (6 gm.) at day 29 and after 7 days. All infants received a bOPV challenge dose after first stool specimen. Calculates sample size was 210 in each arm. Serological (baseline compared to 28 days post-vaccine) and mucosal immunity after one week of bOPV challenge dose were study outcomes. Results: Baseline seroprevalence in malnourished infants were low compared to non-malnourished (P1, P2 and P3 (p=<0.001). There is significant rise in antibody titer and P1 seroprevalence in Mal A and B after receiving study vaccine; much higher in Mal B. Infants randomized to bOPV + IPV study vaccine showed incremental immune response against P1 (Mal B, 92.2%; Nor B, 98.4%), P2 (Mal B, 90.4%; Nor B, 94.7%), and P3 (Mal B, 85.6% and Nor B, 93.5%) was observed. A significant proportion of infants in malnourished (P1, 13%; P2, 24%; P3, 26%) and normally nourished group (P1, 5%; P2, 11%; P3, 14%) were found to be seronegative at baseline. Infants who received BOPV + IPV as their study vaccine showed a very high seroconversion response after vaccine (p=<0.001 for P1, P2 and P3). Majority of the specimens were negative at baseline (Mal A, 2%, Mal B, 1%; Nor A, 2%; Nor B, 1%), and remains negative after bOPV challenge dose (Mal A, 8%, Mal B, 6%; Nor A, 11%; Nor B, 10%). Conclusion: Malnourished-infants have low poliovirus-seroprevalence that increased remarkably after IPV. There is less viral shedding after IPV in infants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20malnutrition" title="chronic malnutrition">chronic malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infants" title=" infants"> infants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IPV" title=" IPV"> IPV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OPV" title=" OPV"> OPV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14057/poliovirus-vaccine-immunity-among-chronically-malnourished-pakistani-infants-a-randomized-controlled-trial-from-developing-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> In vivo Activity of Pathogenic Bacteria on Natural Polyphenolic Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lubna%20Azmi">Lubna Azmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ila%20Shukla"> Ila Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shyam%20Sundar%20Gupta"> Shyam Sundar Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Padam%20Kant"> Padam Kant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ch.%20V.%20Rao"> Ch. V. Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gastric ulcer is a major global health threat, and it is the leading cause of stomach cancer death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori bacteriumis the most important etiologic factor for gastric ulcer. This infection is highly pervasive in South Asian developing countries, especially in India, Nepal, Srilanka etc. due to diversification in geographic area. Pathophysiology of gastric mucosal damage associated with non-invasive bacterium has not justified in detail, but it leads to change in histopathology, immunochemistry of the gastric and duodenal reason of host. The mechanism responsible for bacteria tissue tropism and mucosal damage in stomach variance during the disease is not clearly described and understood scientifically in treatment and control of pathogenic organisms. Polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants and are generally involved in defense against aggression by pathogens. 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one and 1-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-naphthalene-carboxaldehyde are polyphenolic compound obtained from popular Indian medicinal plants ghavpatta (ArgeriaspeciosaLinn.f) andBael (Aeglemarmelos) have long been used in traditional Ayurvedic Indian medicine for various diseases. They have promising effects on ulcer, as detailed investigation has made in our laboratory. Therefore, the aim of present study is to explore membrane –dependent morphogenesis of H. pylori and associated apoptosis-mediated cell death. Based on this we analyzed immune gene expression in stomach of experimental animals with H. pylori, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR). This revealed rapid induction of prostaglandin, interferon I (INF-I), interferon II (INF-II) and INF-I associated genes in the infected animal. Ultrastructural changes associated with H. pylori will be taken for advanced studies. This investigation shows that the biomarkers eradicate H. pylori bacterium caused gastric ulcer which is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gastric%20ulcer" title="gastric ulcer">gastric ulcer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Helicobacter%20pylori" title=" Helicobacter pylori"> Helicobacter pylori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunochemistry" title=" immunochemistry"> immunochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63430/in-vivo-activity-of-pathogenic-bacteria-on-natural-polyphenolic-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63430.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> Understanding the Health Issues of Impoverished Child Rag Pickers in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burhan%20Khan">Burhan Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This study aims to enhance the body of knowledge about the vulnerabilities of child waste pickers in solid waste management. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the occupational menaces and their potential harm to the health of child waste pickers. Material and Methods: The present study design is descriptive in nature and involves children aged 5 through 14, who were rummaging through garbage in the roads and streets of Aligarh city, Uttar Pradesh. The researcher adopted an empirical approach to interview 65 participants (27 boys and 38 girls) across Aligarh city, Uttar Pradesh. The majority of the participants are Muslims (76.9 %), scheduled Castes (13.8 %), and Hindus (9.2 %). Out of 65 participants, 73.8% of children were migrated within the last five years. The primary data were analysed by utilising descriptive statistics, including frequencies, cross-tabs, means, and percentages. Results: The results show that the vast majority of children (87.7%) have experienced superficial injuries or open wound at their work. More than 32% were suffering from respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing and short of breath, close to 37% reported skin problems like allergy, irritation and bruising and 4.6% had eye problems such as pain and irritation in eyes. Nearly 78% of children lift and carry a heavy load like large garbage bags. Over 83% informed that they sort through refuse in a filthy environment such as open dumpsites, effluents, and runnels. Conclusion: This research provides pieces of evidence of how children are being tormented in the rag-picking sector. It has been observed that child rag pickers are susceptible to injuries or illnesses due to work-related risks and toxic environment. In India, there is no robust policy to address the concerns of waste pickers and laws to protect their rights. Consequently, these deprived communities of rag pickers, especially children, have become more vulnerable over time in India. Hence, this research paper calls for a quick response to the exigencies of child rag picker by developing a holistic approach that deals with education, medical care, sanitation, and nutrition for child rag pickers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=child%20rag%20pickers" title="child rag pickers">child rag pickers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20impairments" title=" health impairments"> health impairments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20hazards" title=" occupational hazards"> occupational hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxic%20environment" title=" toxic environment"> toxic environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115301/understanding-the-health-issues-of-impoverished-child-rag-pickers-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115301.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> The Comparison Study of Human Microbiome in Chronic Rhinosinusitis between Adults and Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Ho%20Park">Il Ho Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joong%20Seob%20Lee"> Joong Seob Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung%20Hun%20Kang"> Sung Hun Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Min%20Shin"> Jae-Min Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Seok%20Park"> Il Seok Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Hong"> Seok Min Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Jin%20Hong"> Seok Jin Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms, and the bacterial microbiome of the human digestive tract contributes to both health and disease. In health, bacteria are key components in the development of mucosal barrier function and in innate and adaptive immune responses, and they also work to suppress the establishment of pathogens. In human upper airway, the sinonasal microbiota might play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in CRS patients and to compare the sinonasal microbiome of adults with children. Materials and methods: A total of 19 samples from 19 patients (Group1; 9 CRS in children, aged 5 to 14 years versus Group 2; 10 CRS in adults aged 21 to 59 years) were examined. Swabs were collected from the middle meatus and/or anterior ethmoid region under general anesthesia during endoscopic sinus surgery or tonsillectomy. After DNA extraction from swab samples, we analysed bacterial microbiome consortia using 16s rRNA gene sequencing approach (the Illumina MiSeq platform). Results: In this study, relatively abundance of the six bacterial phyla and tremendous genus and species found in substantial amounts in the individual sinus swab samples, include Corynebacterium, Hemophilus, Moraxella, and Streptococcus species. Anaerobes like Fusobacterium and Bacteroides were abundantly present in the children group, Bacteroides and Propionibacterium were present in adults group. In genus, Haemophilus was the most common CRS microbiome in children and Corynebacterium was the most common CRS microbiome in adults. Conclusions: Our results show the diversity of human upper airway microbiome, and the findings will suggest that CRS is a polymicrobial infection. The Corynebacterium and Hemophilus may live as commensals on mucosal surfaces of sinus in the upper respiratory tract. The further study will be needed for analysis of microbiome-human interactions in upper airway and CRS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title="microbiome">microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20airway" title=" upper airway"> upper airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20rhinosinusitis" title=" chronic rhinosinusitis"> chronic rhinosinusitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adult%20and%20children" title=" adult and children"> adult and children</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101447/the-comparison-study-of-human-microbiome-in-chronic-rhinosinusitis-between-adults-and-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20irritation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20irritation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20irritation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20irritation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mucosal%20irritation&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> 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