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class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Signage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Signage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_equipment_and_strategies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_equipment_and_strategies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Safety equipment and strategies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety_equipment_and_strategies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety equipment and strategies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety_equipment_and_strategies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Helmets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helmets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Helmets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helmets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Lights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audible_signaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audible_signaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Audible signaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audible_signaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_of_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_of_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Time of day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Time_of_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Density" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Density"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Density</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Density-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Safety education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety_education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorist_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorist_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Motorist education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorist_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dutch_Reach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dutch_Reach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Dutch Reach</span> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Bicycle_safety" title="Special:EditPage/Bicycle safety">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Bicycle+safety%22">"Bicycle safety"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Bicycle+safety%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Bicycle+safety%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Bicycle+safety%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Bicycle+safety%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Bicycle+safety%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle-car_accident.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bicycle-car_accident.jpg/220px-Bicycle-car_accident.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bicycle-car_accident.jpg/330px-Bicycle-car_accident.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Bicycle-car_accident.jpg/440px-Bicycle-car_accident.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2580" data-file-height="1752" /></a><figcaption>Incident where a cyclist was hit by a car</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg/220px-Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg/330px-Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg/440px-Cycling_Amsterdan_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2265" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Segregated cycling along a <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path"><i>Fietspad</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_the_Netherlands" title="Cycling in the Netherlands">Cycling in the Netherlands</a> is common and safe due to road designs that separate bicycle traffic from motor vehicles.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bicycle safety</b> is the use of <a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">road traffic safety</a> practices to reduce risk associated with <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycling</a>. <a href="/wiki/Risk" title="Risk">Risk</a> can be defined as the number of incidents occurring for a given amount of cycling. Some of this subject matter is hotly debated: for example, which types of cycling environment or <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling infrastructure</a> is safest for cyclists. The merits of obeying the <a href="/wiki/Traffic#Rules_of_the_road" title="Traffic">traffic laws</a> and using <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lighting" title="Bicycle lighting">bicycle lighting</a> at night are less controversial. Wearing a <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">bicycle helmet</a> may reduce the chance of head injury in the event of a crash.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most bicycling fatalities occur as a result of collision with a motor vehicle. Studies in multiple countries have found that drivers are at fault in the majority of these crashes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crashes">Crashes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Crashes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first recorded bicycle crash occurred in 1842, reportedly between <a href="/wiki/Kirkpatrick_McMillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkpatrick McMillan">Kirkpatrick McMillan</a>, an early rider of the <a href="/wiki/Velocipede" title="Velocipede">velocipede</a>, and a young girl in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. The report, however, is vague and the identification disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The overall risk of death from a cycling accident in <a href="/wiki/Developed_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed countries">developed countries</a> has diminished over the last 25 years according to a 2017 analysis of <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-ajph_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajph-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, cycling remains a more dangerous mode of transportation when compared to automobiles (not considering total distance traveled).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="per number of hours? miles? journeys? (October 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to NPR, the number of bicyclists hit by vehicles rose at an alarming rate during the COVID pandemic, and a leading cause of this was poor bicycle infrastructure.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> counted over 32,000 automobile related deaths in 2013<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2024)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By comparison, WISQUARS, the CDC's injury statistics website, found just over 1,000 deaths from cycling in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the relative safety compared to automobiles, the number of fatalities and hospitalizations from cycling is significantly greater in the United States compared to other western states such as Germany, Canada, and the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-ajph_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajph-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 2014 analysis, there were 4.7 cycling deaths per 100 million kilometers cycled in the U.S., compared to 1.3 deaths per 100 million kilometers in Germany, 1.0 in the Netherlands, and 1.1 in Denmark.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United Kingdom, cyclists have half of the rate (killed and serious injury per km) of <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_safety#Crash_rates_and_risks" title="Motorcycle safety">motorcyclists</a> but eight times the <a href="/wiki/Automobile_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile safety">rate for motorists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Causes of crashes vary according to local conditions. Road conditions, weather, speed, brakes, rider visibility, bicycle and automobile traffic, driving under the influence, riding under the influence, and distracted driving are contributing factors to accidents. Many bicycle crashes are unreported and therefore not included in official statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-Shinar_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinar-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gildea_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gildea-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An international survey on underreporting of the most severe cycling collisions found reporting rates ranging between 0% (Israel) and 35% (Germany).<sup id="cite_ref-Shinar_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinar-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, there is biasing in the kinds of collisions that appear in official data (i.e. police, hospital, or insurance data). It is known that collisions where a motorised vehicle is not involved as a collision partner i.e. single cyclist, cyclist-pedestrian or cyclist-cyclist collisions have lower odds of being reported to the police.<sup id="cite_ref-Gildea_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gildea-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shinar_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shinar-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lower severity collisions (including those that do not result in hospital attendance) can incur significant costs, and result in long-term effects. The Belgian SHAPES project found costs for minor injuries primarily related to loss of productivity, and other intangible costs.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French ESPARR study found that close to half of those who experience a minor injury in a road traffic collision in Rhône (MAIS1 or MAIS2) still experienced regular pain after a year.<sup id="cite_ref-Hours_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hours-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, the characteristics of cyclist collisions is an active area of research. In the United States, bicycle crashes may be grounds for personal injury lawsuits.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hazards">Hazards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Hazards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG/220px-Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG/330px-Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG/440px-Curb_gutter_storm_drain.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Hazardous slots in storm drain where cyclists' tires may get stuck</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg/220px-Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg/330px-Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg/440px-Bicycle_demonstration_with_pool_noodles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption>Bicyclists demonstrating a safe overtaking distance with the use of <a href="/wiki/Pool_noodle" title="Pool noodle">pool noodles</a> as <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_safety_wing" title="Bicycle safety wing">safety wings</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Hazards to cyclists include: </p> <ul><li>Failure of drivers to see or anticipate bicycles.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This happens especially at cross sections where cyclists are often forced to ride on bike infrastructure to the right (in right-hand drive jurisdictions) of traffic. Especially when large trucks are involved, the cyclist can fall under the wheels of the motor vehicle. (Some trucks are equipped with metal side guards to prevent this.)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dooring" title="Dooring">Dooring</a> - When a vehicle door is opened without checking for passing cyclists beforehand and so the cyclist collides with the vehicle door.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is associated with the commonplace layout of streets with vehicles parallel parked near the curb, and cyclists riding between parked vehicles and moving vehicles. Cyclists can protect themselves from dooring by riding outside of the door zone and never right next to parked cars.</li> <li>Getting a wheel stuck in a road irregularity, such as a large <a href="/wiki/Pothole" title="Pothole">pothole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_(rail_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Track (rail transport)">railroad track</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storm_drain" title="Storm drain">storm drain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expansion_joint" title="Expansion joint">expansion joint</a>, or edge of a <a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">driveway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can cause the bicycle to stop while the rider goes over the handlebars, or it can cause the wheel to travel in a direction different from the rest of the bicycle, which can lead to falling sideways.</li> <li>Proceeding past stopped traffic can result in collisions with vehicles entering or exiting a junction or turn. Oncoming bicycles may not be visible to drivers as the stopped vehicles may block them from seeing cyclists until the last minute. <a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a> is specifically illegal in some jurisdictions.</li> <li>Bicycling in rain or snow can significantly decrease visibility if wearing glasses, goggles, or helmet with wind screen, due to lack of <a href="/wiki/Windshield_wipers" class="mw-redirect" title="Windshield wipers">windshield wipers</a>.</li> <li>Falling sideways if going too slowly or carrying a heavy, unbalanced load.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Falling due to lack of traction on slippery surfaces, such as ice, mud, or railroad track.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Road rage: Some vehicle drivers may try to 'punish' cyclists for what they perceive as selfish behaviour in 'holding them up unnecessarily' and so when overtaking them will pass them too closely or cut in too sharply or sound their horn at them.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> [This endangerment often leads to prosecution in UK if the cyclist submits a video to bodies such as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gosafesnap.wales/">Operation SNAP</a> ]</li></ul> <p>Bicyclists are also subject to all the same types of collisions as vehicles, but without the protection of a metal shell - although generally traveling at lower speeds. These risks can be increased when traffic participants violate the rules of the road, such as going the wrong way down a <a href="/wiki/One-way_street" class="mw-redirect" title="One-way street">one-way street</a>, failing to stop at a red light, or traveling at night without lights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traffic_engineering">Traffic engineering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Traffic engineering"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the mid-20th century, the traffic engineering solutions were sought which eased the passage of traffic through the streets and also protected vulnerable road users.<sup id="cite_ref-cabe_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabe-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1940s, an influential proponent of this ideology was <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Alker_Tripp" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Alker Tripp">Herbert Alker Tripp</a>, an assistant commissioner of London's Metropolitan Police.<sup id="cite_ref-cabe_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabe-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tripp argued in his book <i>Town Planning and Road Traffic</i> that: "If we could segregate pedestrians completely from the wheeled traffic, we could of course abolish pedestrian casualties".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This philosophy was also pursued by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Colin_Buchanan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Colin Buchanan">Colin Buchanan</a>; his 1963 report for the UK Government <i><a href="/wiki/Traffic_in_Towns" title="Traffic in Towns">Traffic in Towns</a></i>, defined future government policy<sup id="cite_ref-cabe_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cabe-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the end of the century. Buchanan knew that segregation had not been proven to work for cyclists: his 1958 book <i>Mixed Blessing</i> said: "The meagre efforts made to separate cyclists from motor traffic have failed, tracks are inadequate, the problem of treating them at junctions and intersections is completely unsolved, and the attitude of the cyclists themselves to these admittedly unsatisfactory tracks has not been as helpful as it might have been".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Appropriately designed segregated space for cyclists on arterial or interurban routes appears to reduce overall risk. In <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the provision of <a href="/wiki/Shoulder_(road)" title="Shoulder (road)">hard shoulders</a> on interurban routes in the 1970s reportedly resulted in a 50% decrease in accidents.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is reported that the Danes have also found that separate cycle tracks lead to a reduction in rural collisions.<sup id="cite_ref-dk_concepts_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dk_concepts-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Netherlands">The Netherlands</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The trend away from the bicycle and towards motor cars only began to decrease in the 1970s, when Dutch people took to the streets to protest against the large number of child deaths on the roads: in some years, over 500 children were killed in car accidents in the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-BBCwitness_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCwitness-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This protest movement was known as the <a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stichting_Kinderen_Voorrang#Stichting_Stop_de_Kindermoord" class="extiw" title="nl:Stichting Kinderen Voorrang"><i>Stop de Kindermoord</i></a> (literally "Stop the Child Murder" in Dutch).<sup id="cite_ref-BBCwitness_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCwitness-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of this movement — along with other factors, such as the <a href="/wiki/1973_oil_crisis" title="1973 oil crisis">oil shortages of 1973–74</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> — turned Dutch government policy around and the country began to restrict motor vehicles in its towns and cities and to direct its focus on growth towards other forms of transport, with the bicycle perceived as critical in making Dutch streets safer and towns and cities more people-friendly and livable. </p><p>Cycling is a common mode of transport in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, with 36% of the people listing the bicycle as their most frequent mode of transport on a typical day<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to the car (45%) and <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> (11%). Cycling has a <a href="/wiki/Modal_share" title="Modal share">modal share</a> of 27% of all trips (urban and rural) nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This high modal share for bicycle travel is enabled by unusually flat <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a>, excellent <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">cycling infrastructure</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cycle_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycle path">cycle paths</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycle_track" title="Cycle track">cycle tracks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">protected intersections</a>, ample <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">bicycle parking</a> and by making cycling routes shorter, quicker and more direct than car routes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_design">Road design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Road design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Concern over national public health and <a href="/wiki/Active_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Active transportation">active transportation</a> have inspired states and municipalities to rethink present traffic engineering.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the viral popularity of a video created by video game developer Nick Falbo in February 2014,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch-style <a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">protected intersections</a> began to gain interest with metropolitan planning organizations. By 2015, <a href="/wiki/Davis,_California" title="Davis, California">Davis, California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City, Utah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a> became the first three U.S. cities to feature protected intersections.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Understanding how to effectively reduce cycling accidents and injuries is in part limited by the lack of comprehensive studies regarding municipal infrastructures and the challenge of controlling for the wide range of risks involved with travel by cycle. Despite these statistical limitations, the risk of cycling accidents has been found to be lowest on segregated on-road bike lanes and routes.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/1476-069X-8-4_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/1476-069X-8-4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Higher risk was associated with cycling on multi-use non-segregated facilities with a lack of any designated cycling infrastructure (i.e. sidewalks, unmarked roads).<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/1476-069X-8-4_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/1476-069X-8-4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major arterial thoroughfares have also been shown to be more dangerous for cyclists than minor roads.<sup id="cite_ref-10.1186/1476-069X-8-4_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10.1186/1476-069X-8-4-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signage">Signage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Signage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyclists_beware_sign,_Dunedin,_NZ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cyclist falling over their front wheel stuck in groove" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Cyclists_beware_sign%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG/220px-Cyclists_beware_sign%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Cyclists_beware_sign%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG/330px-Cyclists_beware_sign%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Cyclists_beware_sign%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG/440px-Cyclists_beware_sign%2C_Dunedin%2C_NZ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Sign warning cyclists of recessed railway tracks in <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>, New Zealand</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg/170px-NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg/255px-NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg/340px-NYC_07_2012_Bike_lane_Broadway_4012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Signs and signals for both bicycles and drivers at an intersection in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom_2">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following increased pressure from <i>The Times</i> "Cities Fit For Cycling" campaign and from other media in 2012, warning signs are now displayed on the backs of many <a href="/wiki/Large_goods_vehicle" title="Large goods vehicle">HGVs</a>. These signs are directed against a common type of accident which occurs when the large vehicle turns left at a junction: a cyclist trying to pass on the nearside can be crushed against the HGV's wheels, especially if the driver cannot see the cyclist. The signs, such as the winning design of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120917124715/http://intandemcompetition.com/">InTANDEM road safety competition</a> launched in March 2012, advocate extra care when passing a large vehicle on the nearside. This type of 'undertaking' has been promoted in UK with the Highway Code revisions in January 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duty of care is now placed on the larger vehicle and they are required to stop and permit the cycle to undertake them (pass on their left) before they turn left. The aim is to reduce the type of 'left turn' tragedies such as happened to Marta Kraweic.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However it remains to be seen if it is a positive move to enable undertaking of left turning vehicles rather than promote caution in holding back until the vehicle ahead completes its manoeuvre and in the knowledge of mirror blind spots existing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States_2">United States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a> has developed various bicycle signage for motorists, which have evolved over recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Signs and signals designed exclusively for bicycles are occasionally used to denote multiple use paths and bicycle facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_equipment_and_strategies">Safety equipment and strategies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Safety equipment and strategies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Helmets">Helmets</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Helmets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_helmet" title="Bicycle helmet">Bicycle helmet</a></div> <p>Helmet use varies from almost none in some regions to being mandatory for children to being mandatory for all cyclists. Helmets are required in most <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicycle racing">races</a>. Helmets may help prevent head injuries, but laws that enforce helmet use have also been shown to discourage cycling.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bicycle_Safety_(using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference).gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bicycle_Safety_%28using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference%29.gif/220px-Bicycle_Safety_%28using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference%29.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bicycle_Safety_%28using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference%29.gif/330px-Bicycle_Safety_%28using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Bicycle_Safety_%28using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference%29.gif/440px-Bicycle_Safety_%28using_retroreflector_and_Cat-Eye_showing_day_%26_night_difference%29.gif 2x" data-file-width="1271" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Using retroreflector and Cat-Eye on a bicycle, showing day and night difference</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lights">Lights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_lighting" title="Bicycle lighting">Bicycle lighting</a></div> <p>Headlights and taillights may be mounted on the bicycle or worn by the cyclist. Bicycle lights can be powered by replaceable batteries, by internal rechargeable batteries, or powered by a hub, bottle or roller dynamo that produces electrical energy when driven by the rotation of the wheels. </p><p>Cycling lights are typically of lower power than those on motor vehicles, but well-designed lights are perfectly adequate for the lower speed of bicycles. The best bicycle headlights have beams shaped to efficiently light the road. These are also suitably conspicuous to other road users. In order to be effective, it is best for lights to be securely attached to the bicycle and properly aimed, not mounted on soft bags or loose clothing. In the US, state and local ordinances usually require this. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Audible_signaling">Audible signaling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Audible signaling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_bell" title="Bicycle bell">Bicycle bell</a></div> <p>Bells or other audible signaling devices are required equipment in many jurisdictions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Time_of_day">Time of day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Time of day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avoiding cycling at or around dusk is a way to reduce the number of serious bike accidents. The majority of fatal car-bike accidents occur between 6pm and 9pm,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> likely due to the low-light conditions and potential glare of sunset, combined with traffic still being heavier, especially on weekdays. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Density">Density</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Density"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2024 study found that among US cities with similar populations, those with denser urban cores and higher bicycling rates had lower overall fatality rates for automobiles and pedestrians.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_education">Safety education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Safety education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg/220px-Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg/330px-Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg/440px-Trailnet-SR2S-09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="1926" /></a><figcaption>Bike safety rodeo</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_Kingdom_3">United Kingdom</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Primary safety education has advanced significantly through programmes such as <a href="/wiki/Effective_Cycling" title="Effective Cycling">Effective Cycling</a> and the development of Britain's new National Standards for cycle training. In addition to technical improvements in brakes, tyres and bicycle construction generally (for example, it is now rare for a chain to snap and throw the rider when accelerating away from a stop) there are well-understood behavioural models which actively manage the risk posed by other road users. </p><p>Cycling experts such as the UK's John Franklin emphasise the importance of assertive cycling and good road positioning. Franklin advocates the use of road positions that will give cyclists a good view of the road, will make cyclists visible to other road-users, and will discourage risky behaviour by other road users; he often advocates the use of a <a href="/wiki/Lane_control_(cycling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lane control (cycling)">centre-of-lane 'primary riding position'</a> when negotiating hazards.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorist_education">Motorist education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Motorist education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dutch_Reach">Dutch Reach</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Dutch Reach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dooring" title="Dooring">Dooring</a></div> <p>Various jurisdictions include recommending the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reach" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Reach">Dutch Reach</a> (so named because the practice started in the Netherlands) in <a href="/wiki/Driver_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver education">driver education</a> materials, to prevent <a href="/wiki/Dooring" title="Dooring">hitting a cyclist with an opening door</a>. For drivers and passengers exiting the left side of the vehicle, this involves opening the left-hand door with the right hand, forcing the person both to open the door more slowly and to turn so that bicycles approaching from behind the car are visible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Florida">Florida</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Florida"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Florida_Department_of_Transportation" title="Florida Department of Transportation">Florida Department of Transportation</a> (FDOT), known for its "Arrive Alive" campaign for motorists in the 1970s, has since expanded into <a href="/wiki/Human-powered_transport" title="Human-powered transport">active transportation</a> programs such as their recent "Alert Today, Alive Tomorrow" and "Put it Down" (regarding cell phone use) campaigns for pedestrians and cyclists.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, FDOT also supports statewide educational programs offering educational materials and <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">bicycle rodeos</a>, such as the Florida PedBike Resource Center,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the University of Miami BikeSafe Program.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Idaho">Idaho</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Idaho"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In April 2016, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a> became the first U.S. state to add questions about bicycle and pedestrian safety to the state driver's license exam and educational materials. The revised exam includes a bank of 11 unique questions, of which a minimum of two are automatically generated within every 40-question DMV test.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rural_safety">Rural safety</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Rural safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Direct rear impacts with cyclists are more likely on arterial/rural roads, and are more likely to kill people on these roads. Data collated by the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> indicates that rural locations account for 35% or more of cycling fatalities in Denmark, Finland, France, Great Britain, Japan, the Netherlands, and Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bikeway_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikeway safety">Bikeway safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazards_of_outdoor_recreation" title="Hazards of outdoor recreation">Hazards of outdoor recreation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_safety" title="Motorcycle safety">Motorcycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Outline of cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_in_numbers" title="Safety in numbers">Safety in numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_of_cycling_infrastructure" title="Safety of cycling infrastructure">Safety of cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Up from 31% naming the bike their main mode of transport for daily activities in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlivierCreighton2017" class="citation journal cs1">Olivier, Jake; Creighton, Prudence (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyw153">"Bicycle injuries and helmet use: a systematic review and meta-analysis"</a>. <i>International Journal of Epidemiology</i>. <b>46</b> (1): 278–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyw153">10.1093/ije/dyw153</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1959.4%2Funsworks_46422">1959.4/unsworks_46422</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27450862">27450862</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Bicycle+injuries+and+helmet+use%3A+a+systematic+review+and+meta-analysis&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=278-292&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1959.4%2Funsworks_46422&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27450862&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fije%2Fdyw153&rft.aulast=Olivier&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft.au=Creighton%2C+Prudence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fije%252Fdyw153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+safety" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBílBílováDobiášAndrášik2016" class="citation journal cs1">Bíl, Michal; Bílová, Martina; Dobiáš, Martin; Andrášik, Richard (2016). "Circumstances and causes of fatal cycling crashes in the Czech Republic". <i>Traffic Injury Prevention</i>. <b>17</b> (4): 394–399. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15389588.2015.1094183">10.1080/15389588.2015.1094183</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26507371">26507371</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1848346">1848346</a>. <q>The driver was the guilty party in 57 cases (68.7%) and the cyclist in the remaining 26 cases (31.3%).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Traffic+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Circumstances+and+causes+of+fatal+cycling+crashes+in+the+Czech+Republic&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=394-399&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A1848346%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26507371&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F15389588.2015.1094183&rft.aulast=B%C3%ADl&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft.au=B%C3%ADlov%C3%A1%2C+Martina&rft.au=Dobi%C3%A1%C5%A1%2C+Martin&rft.au=Andr%C3%A1%C5%A1ik%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+safety" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChambersAndrews2018" class="citation news cs1">Chambers, Peter; Andrews, Tom (17 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/rising-cyclist-death-toll-is-mainly-due-to-drivers-so-change-the-road-laws-and-culture-102567">"Rising cyclist death toll is mainly due to drivers, so change the road laws and culture"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>. <q>In Australia, drivers are to blame for at least 79% of accidents with cyclists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Rising+cyclist+death+toll+is+mainly+due+to+drivers%2C+so+change+the+road+laws+and+culture&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Frising-cyclist-death-toll-is-mainly-due-to-drivers-so-change-the-road-laws-and-culture-102567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+safety" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article237028854.html">"Biggest reason for fatal cycling crashes? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Idaho+Statesman&rft.atitle=Idaho+driver%27s+test+now+asks+you+about+bikes%2C+pedestrians&rft.date=2016-04-13&rft.aulast=Moeller&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idahostatesman.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcommunity%2Fboise%2Farticle71105862.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABicycle+safety" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Figure IV.7 Pedestrian and cyclist accidents by road type. RS7:Safety of Vulnerable Road Users, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, August 1998</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicycle_safety&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cycling" title="Template:Cycling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cycling" title="Template talk:Cycling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cycling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cycling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">Cycling</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cycling" title="Glossary of cycling">Glossary</a></li> <li>Outlines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_bicycles" title="Outline of bicycles">Bicycles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cycling" title="Outline of cycling">Cycling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General and technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_culture" title="Bicycle culture">Bicycle culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_dynamics" title="Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics">Bicycle dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_and_motorcycle_geometry" title="Bicycle and motorcycle geometry">Bicycle geometry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_performance" title="Bicycle performance">Bicycle performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_bicycle" title="History of the bicycle">History of the bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_cycling_infrastructure" title="History of cycling infrastructure">History of cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balance_bike" title="Balance bike">Balance bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_bicycle" title="Tandem bicycle">Tandem bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricycle" title="Tricycle">Tricycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle" title="Unicycle">Unicycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utility and slow<br /> recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_commuting" title="Bicycle commuting">Bicycle commuting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_messenger" title="Bicycle messenger">Bicycle messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rental" title="Bike rental">Bicycle rental/hire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">Bicycle touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cargo_bike" title="Cargo bike">Cargo bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenge_riding" title="Challenge riding">Challenge riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_biking" title="Cold-weather biking">Cold-weather biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cycling" title="Indoor cycling">Indoor cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">Rail trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randonneuring" title="Randonneuring">Randonneuring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_cycling" title="Road cycling">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_bicycle" title="Utility bicycle">Utility bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">Utility cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports-related cycling and<br /> fast-paced recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_cycling" title="Artistic cycling">Artistic cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BMX" title="BMX">BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_cycling" title="Cross-country cycling">Cross-country cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_speedway" title="Cycle speedway">Cycle speedway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycle sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclo-cross" title="Cyclo-cross">Cyclo-cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclosportive" title="Cyclosportive">Cyclosportive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatbike" title="Fatbike">Fatbiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freeride_(mountain_biking)" title="Freeride (mountain biking)">Freeride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsprint" title="Goldsprint">Goldsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_cycling" title="Gravel cycling">Gravel cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">Downhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_trials" title="Mountain bike trials">Trials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_track" title="Pump track">Pump track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road bicycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_trials" title="Unicycle trials">Unicycle trials</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health, safety and<br /> infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_mobility" title="Active mobility">Active mobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-friendly" title="Bicycle-friendly">Bicycle-friendly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_law" title="Bicycle law">Bicycle law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_parking" title="Bicycle parking">Bicycle parking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_poverty_reduction" title="Bicycle poverty reduction">Bicycle poverty reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_rodeo" title="Bicycle rodeo">Bicycle rodeo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bicycle safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation planning and engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_rage" title="Bike rage">Bike rage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_registry" title="Bike registry">Bike registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike-to-Work_Day" title="Bike-to-Work Day">Bike-to-Work Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bike_Week_(cycling)" title="Bike Week (cycling)">Bike Week (Bicycle Week)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_advocacy" title="Cycling advocacy">Cycling advocacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_signals" title="Hand signals">Hand signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_stop" title="Idaho stop">Idaho stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_splitting" title="Lane splitting">Lane splitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_intersection" title="Protected intersection">Protected intersection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegelijk_groen" title="Tegelijk groen">Tegelijk groen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicular_cycling" title="Vehicular cycling">Vehicular cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_collecting" title="Bicycle collecting">Bicycle collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_kit" title="Cycling kit">Cycling kit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentacycle" title="Pentacycle">Pentacycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Quadracycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_types" title="List of bicycle types">List of bicycle types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle_brands_and_manufacturing_companies" title="List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies">List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BMX_bicycle_manufacturers" title="List of BMX bicycle manufacturers">List of BMX bicycle manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bicycle-sharing_systems" title="List of bicycle-sharing systems">List of bicycle-sharing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cyclists" title="List of cyclists">List of cyclists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_bicycles_and_cycling" title="List of films about bicycles and cycling">List of films about bicycles and cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_doping_cases_in_cycling" title="List of doping cases in cycling">List of doping cases in cycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cycling" title="Category:Cycling">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Traffic_collisions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Road_incidents" title="Template:Road incidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Road_incidents" title="Template talk:Road incidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Road_incidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Road incidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Traffic_collisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision" title="Traffic collision">Traffic collisions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_motor_vehicle_collisions" title="Epidemiology of motor vehicle collisions">Epidemiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hit_and_run" title="Hit and run">Hit and run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park-to-reverse" title="Park-to-reverse">Park-to-reverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadside_memorial" title="Roadside memorial">Roadside memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_rollover" title="Vehicle rollover">Rollover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_extrication" title="Vehicle extrication">Vehicle extrication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_recovery" title="Vehicle recovery">Vehicle recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision_reconstruction" title="Traffic collision reconstruction">Traffic collision reconstruction</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Car_crash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Car_crash.jpg/120px-Car_crash.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Car_crash.jpg/180px-Car_crash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Car_crash.jpg/240px-Car_crash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Road_collision_types" title="Road collision types">Road collisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back-up_collision" title="Back-up collision">Back-up collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deer%E2%80%93vehicle_collisions" title="Deer–vehicle collisions">Deer–vehicle collisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head-on_collision" title="Head-on collision">Head-on collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackknifing" title="Jackknifing">Jackknifing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-vehicle_collision" title="Multiple-vehicle collision">Multiple-vehicle collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-end_collision" title="Rear-end collision">Rear-end collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Run-off-road_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="Run-off-road collision">Run-off-road collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_collision" title="Side collision">Side collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-vehicle_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-vehicle crash">Single-vehicle crash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Causes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assured_clear_distance_ahead" title="Assured clear distance ahead">Assured clear distance ahead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distracted_driving" title="Distracted driving">Distracted driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">Driving under the influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_rage" title="Road rage">Road rage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_traffic_collisions" title="Lists of traffic collisions">Lists of traffic collisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traffic_collisions_(before_2000)" title="List of traffic collisions (before 2000)">Before 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traffic_collisions_(2000%E2%80%93present)" title="List of traffic collisions (2000–present)">2000–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traffic_collisions_by_death_toll" class="mw-redirect" title="List of traffic collisions by death toll">By death toll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridge_failures" title="List of bridge failures">List of bridge 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