CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134a240fb87f938',cH: 'Jpp4fkDAHpYlsRhe.6aVeuadFMu8BX7vErz3JO9YYxs-1739783316-1.2.1.1-hI85_d9KUxV5hRmKZLRJDGRuSG7Dz9yUb1lWO9aV.6s1lIiCozE5untNC70G0ISk',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Wansu%20Qiu&__cf_chl_tk=a2jOIYuFcGeXoZ74aT4oNXR.yLglYq9CdPJG8Dq30es-1739783316-1.0.1.1-Jv2sf5zhZt42qIuNw4767xf9lWyrXoS8zP5EvqYBS5A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783316',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Wansu%20Qiu&__cf_chl_f_tk=a2jOIYuFcGeXoZ74aT4oNXR.yLglYq9CdPJG8Dq30es-1739783316-1.0.1.1-Jv2sf5zhZt42qIuNw4767xf9lWyrXoS8zP5EvqYBS5A",md: "L4HuS30xMT41RyLK5tPDwYyWg16qYlYENlAvGQxPcy4-1739783316-1.2.1.1-rNNeUPkcuO9sBaTBjBniEBsl9STVUChTxT1l4PGUfFw93azE5ZK7uu9NTT5HE22QM2WpcU_F2KOem4vFZq0.TDNqIhNaEMEBhXACRgRNnqgZxGQ7Ky4lOuJJBnjCIR4yIF653fiqB8J8VWfAyB2UPHyVwA5xw0gADi3Zp3z8Ra81RkhePS28GrXglTRvY4q4MltcW8HuCHIH1QEafJP.V1iJS.kKiIi02ElnKJrxHIv2kJdgbUpJyyVfzsCYa0bTTeRzGE1NqqBQVxpZQ8W6E.ywjfQ.x3XNUw_o6Dl3kr_t1Nl3J0A2cp11Cdn_S8JaIJ7NkEfFgEyf8rivePuwTLaXilr2HR1rl419JqdSFgvUij4.jXr80R2AeGSD0D_aXhISyozkrWi79mWcn17iHSX_LlbCtVGHkn7h.cMQIesDFUfy6Sja.bYnc98vxt6T6zfJi6B5Xf1BDBUMg0wn66ASalyqcYPJHZSomfsTC1_NcTgvCa6aTFrPwI5YpNkCUvqE3KNwarB3akgp1VWrVe832zg14FGjPevUrbObn4cOXNhXGN3xe3YT4a7nG0M1qY7iGD6pTtsQ9S5AStwY.4xiunXHluLhjUR6dg3JJ_kUYEcnMFfTSOvKICdFm7IpernIc3CKpn_jfGR._0j4Zpa14AERg3TnhwoDTadOErv4mrvsz.SAn5rX8asnnrYNu08gGEWSwpZOIxCfI17HJHldvrE4h0MIbZDY5cWuJi2NyEHaV4XRL8Oj_.q82M.Pa5eH3kSuYD4g6ROS6FeFIMtoEyacdJEbFIrwkDLlFpEQoSE3SJdcqQtphFensF6bcqBZzXNblPreesQ7PeXfORUa0vq1dLHylPAn4X6PzqtTOrCGm6N4IdMVaDRYNekvYx4VrPlzx3Yx1PPi16sMZWzjOK_mF1Ma4_Y2mTtjAm0y8nhHwQy.B7KpUv3rU2WXXDvHXUMBbpiDHfePrX3hu7aIX3_Ku3VGMJ7Pnl3kqlePKbLbpmufMvxZpGgpUKLJkNORThVE90TI0YrHV38BG2iMjgyG_FoY2KXtRFzoMSd7Ad6aWvtx0_naxsssmPxj99lJMDFH1ZE3P9.WOQo6pE7pu7BxbSMT7ibm0aNjJiidTNYmOIdGVTt2bTREkihm.NftrATGJAHEPt4SjNSqxuZwglC4d9UJ6i31pDpsh2U1CLuZkzlzYKSb7fANlBopMqnUXWpjE5t7JLKDLqfReoZMjScVsZ5iovtPyWeiwpyiT4nIH13iWj9nUxlEuz5osVm5740mWF14CZ_qCangj3JBaRIA3uv0WWjeb.CftMbFMBVoocES8X9I_kM7rwQzJx4TkO2kozouOE2IhpOi4IZZ2TEVGFeH4_R9tZw7FeF9o4GbZRuS_KNkm2PW1OIuYeoisdmxUQbfg1AqUP2kTdE4dSXiWyfD6VWLhQ8bjhvbzk3u_tWCDc81zj3BMNsL0ghYPlqcNQJGWO2wy7ih7_ukNajXPyqQbruS_LyjidRXrAWXSLlgexDXR9Nzr4Evu4mM_ke59J7eMeoncLiFM.gqeBq2zafvHSVuzpQPggUazGbCADbbH4qNCBr0zrPStXt26vrvFC3tNPQdyus7HuVJ.H1l7ukOXbJkkNhFfjPmA6ZLpXZgIig8Dv0C9C6jd2aCVDMG6lE0o9WqN14ygmUkfIkhL.TQUqRjQx9iGuiA3vBddbfGoQRgtNllPr6zrrPfENzVIcFqYubqhydH.U.aTSDiA_0l.WXngjBtRE7uoGSY9FkMSoE23Zrgm8IkMI2j17zUsNXyUD.Cn_3Q6WFnJT7f71LhdP8TPhHE9A51QqS784D2fjUaKGzymSOWiBxvLCZ59toIpmXuTxulnKh9okkI7Vlg9LUHTsCeokIp_LAa6XcvpS_aEebajq5PJwrxbWbJRORsFwOS0cEDgw",mdrd: "tZqQvW0Y.utBi0Ix1UaHcXWdw8CByV_CJ6gGJG1qKTw-1739783316-1.2.1.1-Gl_FJwUmG7ecyQpueTsU7FCQa6IbaviPcNEhVXLQVlMmY_Ly_IMGl.ekOU67YFa5K3l1A9t8FlkYOAJzQSHfOHPJjmGUS1ZbfVTGHxk0G9AZwbkFvMl5depyAUGH6S8HXhquvW4obJEGrKsTPJeg4C_riyyb44ZwNgb9t6QUAwEAm5OFHpWk3NpBRpxYPc0d3YI3XGfDJkRRqVEULLwEeao.lxt.cI_Pj44xp3FSWRzXqTquN7Dnyn8swRlzm4fyxKv7D6belwhZ8e14ME4n6OXsl.6kiFHr9oRnsc7meGomYL0ponBB5QEagvD3_p8nnvSqxLAMWRWGwn6wjaBZhEGBHSBEbevNBIRfOi_CSDBH1NM1Mc5plydEw29V4lEqtbt9nGCf.BmIEgqktqEuTtDl2MHDss0WemsyCN76LzyCfMavdBUj53A8BE5QU_VNPKUZyV673NbAPx8kOb7QWk3yplO3FDQWVAb4gVTO0GHtUGd66X4YPPwBp0gO73txsMNEBy5_YKmCk0zMaLnxI06_.sBMszNgpq1w7ayNue9gtSKF_u2yeoXH6gl0Bi6tSAbhJ.3TPhg62sVvY74xl_sYnx9blt_.SL0pLQG4G6KgYJukrxmu.U2xMy2H11VxWhkB8JWUg_FvZ.1ZrsbMQ3ZW7eQohIJha2s6uao9LSMEG78D56xXULWrCinore2RC7eXgJx5ga9N_FQ2DHeAzR_QoLcqGo0_mWVRKgkQzbkxJivDPhrwFJli4iUJRA9wUvBIuyd90wYOreMGi3ErfFezk8lMj3Mjjyp_CRG_DgXgB4oPXpVJeYwraCdqCqAA_GmQRlY.F1GzCs55jEf4Uef7djV4aboDd8a2P4.c8pCofa2Av3KwL4KQRxbt25.icyoE2m_wn8s275PDWV_dc1rIsBb_VfOnsJTScFcY_M4QaQeWaI5rBiZxeXSpYHLYvXT0ZfZvNQSHH291q064pwJNw7fojYDws4p1HT0W1YAtjYY_KJy6UMPcoIvTgOiQdCEYk59r7Le.EyCfaKhJBEH0t36MPiJ7TMiHBHwuQ6fOJwfFB79FSN0jjD70Qb5o43XY90nvLfv7sduD3lAW4yO0H0HVbWoQ0YGVRrA7kyS6R8kZ.fWxOsMk0HYWafa.FOWrQRnsD5xSC0wNSUy0lUpwqEf7srgGkHNB3anCFeiewSd2x49l_N3H8jMndQ9nSqXu8ZctRM7mANSPlCIkg4mAFk30vHrkaJ5ZWrqHbQ8IBQxUFrs3EGXxORlD4By1lMVlApEp.7zj1GoutTgXJ4y6tM.s7MKuH.MNFzh5S54.6l0Y8AI7IDPjwz16Rdb7Dh2eBPjKVvMwveda7TrjeMVWw4nvIIFJ69jmN_Njykv0801x8kmwH.ykCK5kfdxZLy4kcLrD8qJsTZ7XxgVVSbMZFiVYomrkifP89zGZyjE5qDg1Ags3eBH_PR_sO.bi7oVaTQQ.pnzrbbADZi0zofy.I4WQ8K0nN8kmI9k95NsleASeDKgFEYiU3lSB0TUgunL5ga2g71xvtclL41DPVVb7Uz2O44AMf_WH__7EVZUr6C8f78ekrV2.35Pe.CcV3zyVSNEGIZNN9CkKAbv8XYtniFxS8KpygLdvbxAwrSORiKKFCfzHj2FnKJbEIxTmHKNPamtkfDTACck5QJE.pNxnjmsvJHyjfqADaeEQpSrdinJzhJ8QJFkn7In3DzQbUGAfDdPfcMXp5q3r41.nb_jOW8_9tFRAoOKtFWX3Pe8wbu4sfbW06LTMDhTTDo7uyMXJ3lUx50Vm3Dw6GoMSJLrANm8Cxc2ITn_kWVyGvbD..jk3lCQC7k4iNkQU7l._._BTsmZoxEdUqp8jSPSXpbcs3LH1UosRr0PQCoxZn_FCnVWzpsYzxr8_PKuOZUsaMSl3KhJMobvCRLrAq1NOURCfurX0ubNmxVM31zpJjQm8BP7CyGL96jlBNru6HyB0"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a240fb87f938';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Wansu%20Qiu&__cf_chl_rt_tk=a2jOIYuFcGeXoZ74aT4oNXR.yLglYq9CdPJG8Dq30es-1739783316-1.0.1.1-Jv2sf5zhZt42qIuNw4767xf9lWyrXoS8zP5EvqYBS5A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>