CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91353367ce72fd37',cH: 'HBBmTL6i4HJDPBaO6XWqEr2cAdr_0q4etFBiXMifcDk-1739789262-1.2.1.1-66kavpa03ThcQISvBG4AdgmbgGP9MpX095GKPDlIG7SgfxvFtDlhyOc3q1Zx5qlR',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=progressive%20damage%20model&__cf_chl_tk=6AxB1edqHkSQ9HUQutsvPXgbWHRQF5GG8K2qi1QJ0Gw-1739789262-1.0.1.1-WrLmI_X3IoShMGKUJU2BDmyn.oHKwjF26y_abRnehTk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789262',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=progressive%20damage%20model&__cf_chl_f_tk=6AxB1edqHkSQ9HUQutsvPXgbWHRQF5GG8K2qi1QJ0Gw-1739789262-1.0.1.1-WrLmI_X3IoShMGKUJU2BDmyn.oHKwjF26y_abRnehTk",md: "zfCRi0KCQd5OgoemcffWbIKzV9rVqEwJNtM6yMFibYQ-1739789262-1.2.1.1-k3_aquQQzlToP5TQ9BpokJdWMs8.I2hzplLEtqu7iV4kUmR7a1sTxBK8ZuXxeZmWVHqjWpoBcqqWBJEhnZnvQX6fDGAke10MxcxkXRWo_GThBhKhktU0jTruf4_jOBsUV6Z8gMm1hwRW_pXB.zF7vYuYIP.tW8A0QRTlIwBCygEuf.HSUhvqzDgmphLyWlYKGCMHgypJYSnV_ox7LnrdZgGFLhaOjC5MuWdj._F0puATLCPccRKwr7pETFzeLjBT5AYqiSrsTdHbTBfnFAsSUOqBJk7klno3SJ7wH1Grb9HMh9XF3rVkihIVlzpSMA4VbN5Xz1wBo0IkJeZ8p1HNHZ216sJzf6fcmGCE184QYfbvXFrqXvVOFkwCFdxrPombqUhZy4wtN05Y8b.xrSmm5BArdosSsWtc5okfjJ_kXatS4fv.YEu4B9.bF1sZccNJNViXhraggfFF.cWHOXZEcX26daeVAoYe2boAlGsVGyW.eWbjfSISYoImhP6xVgyjuYUQEwy4GHsZtb3sFcbRBHScXzL2LCHbJirZp_ZAT8_VZNThw2vo5IsNMTdQbYu_B6fYtOVJZ6ElwBN4dyCSimi6UaTMPf3etKR0QsV795eRwk641EbgOIQKEzd5WVSpzvcfHg0qPRBB_PdBV9S03ZdcZlGcRcR9ygI1sTPQb21c.iqkt8NLa4X_7VYtrdrKXKoyATQOvoVvh9g.wpNc9QtpXTdhvewJgGz7noj_.C0Ylr.WNimwGJHvKYirQZEeZrGLPlhSrh_LhksDqmrq9oVtOwJlM0M1.TpaL1CV_PvK0zZv0jYhyxgFYo5RkssqrwyXN_EtjGdVSN1eHh_kBovM0oF31lBC7myQpGZcSj0t9rH8g6xBhSowjJ4SHt9ySOFKwVacE6lmPUCEBGsvI559jeD2iF4V1H9TR.Bz615r9HR9CTFzdRbnj.tOOMwFlpzYwUMOKn3j6lFWz2M75DPjSB.WOOsW_UPFmeKBmOdK3GOVv..xy6GwtDx6b97ikaIKjVzB19g.eOTKw6ooPz3qSWho30p.hXxlZI082bB7JxGTo_4JW0A0crMtanegYGFbj38LU1qMY1_xtxaHFqL1tAtGRf.r6WPhI2b.SWdlS7MipTYhyFiKrXBPMVLjj6RHFueC1CjjyxVvoEoYkbQhew0FkZHBd2z1UzDvEl8WUbzs8bwIkDTHXo.Lsi_U81.jTty4vFNM_wpMhh_BKvOXNJNTowCxlRIy._0uYFIUQ6I0UeE4K1DFPRw3xGjSFsQankbKhUlpsFqq4wIg2msB0s6MRQH25vycFfBIUtZ2ev3PpH2q3xz2hpeXBV5nXCHnyeqJ.ExkRtDKdqYColzItRzf3X5KlQceaEpf.6bYQjFzlPH0w4a5lmD8WyERsqAbesrLoxjLXnQxs6BmuUFnpbwS6IQFT5hrYuqD3VRlqlpDCK.9BsIGL6iTBVeNy3dpfKXqsZ.QBeUqzjhM8Qd.HWtwtCD7X5XYGSGp4YTFlEFqSQ9t1rk3Xc6WpFUrQsg8nbK0Q5zJsw9fRaK_YdyiVoK5n7C5n4e7SFt2PxwTznx01nsfkkiPDkKlF98URPy2REouatCGx.MsGXHMCXXEOwf62yH6.ZN3nutdTqEFRE0_Ep0g24PcWRn_qN2CRzp5JkY.kRt5xkww7dtLJoh2gAgmsg7jqV2zEw9Cz_Hf_n.f5JSegp9g8DaYvrjjIIIcZtJoF2GKBb1oUj5dj3GojmG9xMZvsgSpBPmbERmGrqMOR12Ejf1jkdY_4s6AJOu65nw07.HPsedQQUAExcg03orRVBdREQZ6W9JPIXXpnSmKQfXLl0vMWvsUwHRQzOYW8a8BtLCvLRYZFIEG6PiSYVtDS8mK3JpZAo2Fwoy6CQsc3aqD.OOvgojYddzBUdJjLgu0_8epR3yzYdbxOZLeTlKHNAYLyCYfXCgTfNXnBj1Y4F0UbnkoZJM.uefF",mdrd: "GxnPnmNf2Z_mtK8CIZ.VyFpCn_qRdN5AyEv5Y38I4Ms-1739789262-1.2.1.1-4kI35FGvI58_6d6fnOti8iBStZ9rTsfHI8m_AD1sKdisZZo9zpOIVjRGyCBcwFKGTa48CW8SqBohF9OkPZPqcxxse0sfPAWb9R16WUWG2Scqv1RYtnwCCvbs0sTFofQnwD2YzUWWhE9I5erdjizMN8fddPrTKm9hMt0JxV6OSbdVseRsc2d2YVpLbrdAPOsmYkyEfxfkNDEZHPwp6bImVzLMJc8Pv23rgyCpKoh7dFxu.d1unQRK6xroGtEsCATMGcMyrvCKJg2wRfBgrqljuggl8RAsxYS4JuLTxX07Z3m.GAWdDZbpcljPaJH62IgQMDN4GSnjMzx2HWEit0OqacUygXvELi.f0pTYrprY2xSEbfWfduuYr5DrA_NLcMkb3HgcGc5DTLpH3Rl3xW6di9hTYGbH9tug89MPQEhqtUGhB4.2zfz8ofRhKPrFsl7rhpqfNBLu5kU4Mwmfu0r5qyPIZyr48xK0aqrjVP.ZmJhiulGlKCjamy.syp7W8f9KaQZvk0.UzZk1jtuHzcXYrO__ZcwtfLqBKec44RhoHYcVRA0YfeODrrv3tDYIkkUUTN6UnzaEdcTy11lJkzfp7H7kWtm9cADPnzwekkIaWcDvt6h7sOXZejAKRZce5X83OuY5oIuACw2vIpcd8K_QNnM6DxuroGB_N.6AJyDDrK_6nPm4OO.TGWc.PblL0Qds6HtlbZ7ouXSPXzxxuECKGOT19EGdlxDZTgWMKulVm2wRFmmMHb5Hd.ZiNsEoNBcTpeHNzzFoQiBgnrCLMBC5YlkOcNvEWXfavprLH5qnE8b4SHSKpcfPlKVj9Smiscaza0csbX7SPwBZMnhaFjSh9VGDVmX2i9nwKvluiBvPL9JkZ4vbDJdazouIXyvkXoCz.aZrQanoGp0TAdGYr3pWnOlDwW.xRqhUVlHCQT5IPE65TB30RBbHtf62GTu4wZTUxy5vjvrl4V.wLFZsWrsMfAtgEIqGH1kmEHqMTjbqrwi4v72VRZ1gPtHAgTVq0ft9lK94FV6MQGMY.EXritr44SoVNat3tPZQ89Od5WHpyxgDhAo7Iop94FqPeaC5XYxfG0HPQjiUVBp2Qd62qiYBBk5GtQ_qVNb8Xn8R7ZSlIMMAkHXK4BUHumW2pDJnpdlTHhw79k98bNKKsLPzuUqDwqkm4Fqd2ChdoKDq5rIjPeqSxZx_9PH5_jkqQInB8KOltzriLkq15cJLnki1hW3leY9GdOQ7wwz3KKgYjQMz8f7OYOCF9extLJmJcX7Ie8blidJURW7ozGXsEjosmYO.38lcFXnGo0OsQhAhbwmJnCDl89e3lvexfyqRRtLucL4IYHmabSPPcOnT5Nd.M_g7F1XyLWf1AUcHZVdSACYMNWxbfNF.PWXZnSVpmfWBp1DusATxif_JxeHTuP51hvXTa26.d3mqmV4Fh6g7bv0PeqvH9MOYeAj8ZQZVsoVdQLuJMd7HoILNaUkT2Rnv432eubFdaa9JAfRZfUz2RMf7GS0gcJ2gcP6.sNBu285rhXduxO.AMTptwmUoQUB_pclacwU7w_mguNFhu_X9Nc18Uid1oTD0sK7z1_2TyIUaPZh1tK0LfT0jLTyUfF6dxYWR9L5zR.Vk7ryYg4to_WSI8tVAnyW_YkGXO5WgETISHLWwvbNtFBN2mMSgv60EnxAEeo9WOj5WDW.VfQ28Xw49eIWBYlCC.dUs_Qqj5bVAsIlEbhl_MKJ2.q3hlVBGzMV9OxA48Pvzii7U5vAsaTHwuJo6XZtuo_i.58dpzGZ4WFlnHfCpEjWG4c0JfoTCTsq7ad365g1prpf8KTQ_pcq7TdrPTpT.e_Duy3PMLazSyi21Axolx6jO0u9sPUTDuI4sukClcTZ5N_TCRQWN1YZFWZ4cmQNXGQFyxt4ZMiMY0vLqAWScAo61O5G1r5oWu8grSRZl2lTJfdGirNKoIm9iIHM4nMn5Of9Xy96ZIRWnIJa1"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353367ce72fd37';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=progressive%20damage%20model&__cf_chl_rt_tk=6AxB1edqHkSQ9HUQutsvPXgbWHRQF5GG8K2qi1QJ0Gw-1739789262-1.0.1.1-WrLmI_X3IoShMGKUJU2BDmyn.oHKwjF26y_abRnehTk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>