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<!doctype html> <html data-n-head-ssr class="" lang="da" data-n-head="%7B%22class%22:%7B%22ssr%22:null%7D,%22style%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%5B%5D%7D,%22lang%22:%7B%22ssr%22:%22da%22%7D%7D"> <head > <title>Pesten: Kropslus bærer smitte bedre end hidtil antaget | historienet.dk</title><meta data-n-head="ssr" charset="utf-8"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="HandheldFriendly" content="true"><meta data-n-head="ssr" http-equiv="Accept-CH" content="DPR, Width, Viewport-Width"><meta data-n-head="ssr" http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="format-detection" content="telephone=no,date=no,address=no,email=no,url=no"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="bwlVersion" content="1.5.2"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="fb:app_id" content="376708279189711"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:locale" content="da_DK"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:site_name" content="Historie"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="theme-color" content="#ed4b36"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="description" content="Rotter får ofte skurkerollen, når det kommer til smittespredning under den sorte død. Et andet dyr var imidlertid også skurk. Få historien her. "><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:url" content="https://historienet.dk/videnskab/medicin/glem-rotterne-her-er-den-oversete-aarsag-til-smittespredning-under-pesten"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:title" content="Glem rotterne: Her er den oversete årsag til smittespredning under pesten"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:description" content="Rotter og lopper får ofte skylden. Men nu peger forskere på en helt tredje skurk. "><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:type" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="article:published_time" content="2024-05-24T05:45:34.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="article:modified_time" content="2024-05-24T05:45:34.000Z"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="article:section" content="Medicin"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:article:author" content="Maria Appel"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/his/production/2024/05/23121127/krosplus-fb.jpg?max-w=1200&max-h=630&fit=crop"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/his/production/2024/05/23121127/krosplus-fb.jpg?max-w=1200&max-h=630&fit=crop"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta data-n-head="ssr" property="og:image:height" content="630"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:description" content="Rotter og lopper får ofte skylden, når det kommer til smittespredning under den store pestepidemi i middelalderen. Et andet dyr var imidlertid også skurk."><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:title" content="Glem rotterne: Her er den oversete årsag til smittespredning under pesten"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/his/production/2024/05/23142404/kropslus-pest-teaser.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="twitter:image" content="https://images.bonnier.cloud/files/his/production/2024/05/23142404/kropslus-pest-teaser.jpg"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cxense-site-id" content="1138553117665815583"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bod-country" content="dk"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bod-brand" content="HIS"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bod-language" content="da"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:articleid" content="354778"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:bod-pagetype" content="article"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:pageclass" content="content"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:title" content="Glem rotterne: Her er den oversete årsag til smittespredning under pesten"><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:body-text" content="Den fransk-schweiziske bakteriolog Alexandre Yersin fandt i 1894 en pestbakterie hos rotter og mennesker i Asien, der senere fik navnet Yersinia pestis. Opdagelsen skete i forbindelse med en bølge af byldepest, der havde spredt sig fra Hongkong til Indien. Yersinia pestis blev også udpeget som dræberen, der tog millioner af menneskeliv under den sorte død i middelalderen. Den satte dog langtfra en ende på diskussionen om pestens udbredelse gennem historien. Dengang i slutningen af 1800-tallet blev det klart, at rotter og lopper spillede en afgørende rolle for sygdommens spredning. Nu har et hold af bakteriologer fra National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), der er et regeringsinstitut i USA med base i Maryland, foretaget en række eksperimenter, som kaster nyt lys over sygdommens historie – og bidrager med ny indsigt i historiske epidemier, såsom den sorte død. ## Bid fra kropslus De amerikanske forskere gik i laboratoriet og fodrede kropslus med blodprøver, der indeholdt pestbakterien Yersinia pestis. Resultaterne har fået forskerne til at konkludere, at kropslus kan have været mere effektive smittespredere end hidtil antaget. Dermed har de måske spillet en rolle i tidligere pestepidemier, skriver forskerne i tidsskriftet [PLoS Biology](https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002625 {"target":"_blank"}). Eksperimentet viste, at kropslus indtager en større mængde blod end lopper. Det øger antallet af bakterier, de kan sprede, skriver forskerne. Kropslusene spiser også hyppigere, hvilket øger risikoen for at overføre pestbakterierne og dermed forårsage sygdommen hos mennesker. Forskerne peger også på, at bid fra kropslus giver kløe, hvilket ofte resulterer i hudafskrabninger, der kan give nemmere adgang til pestbakterien. Pestudbrud hos mennesker stammer formentligt fra rotter eller lopper, men spredningen, der var så skæbnesvanger for den høje dødelighed i middelalderen, kan være drevet af smitte fra parasitter, som har levet på mennesker, herunder kropslus. ## Rotten som bi- eller hovedrolle i pestens historie?Da bakteriologer i slutningen af 1800-tallet undersøgte et pestudbrud i Hongkong, der havde spredt sig til Indien, blev rotten udpeget som smittebæreren. Moderne forskere har derfor peget på, at sygdommen – også under den sorte død – blev spredt af rotter. Men det er slet ikke sikkert, at rotten var skurken for den pest, der kostede en tredjedel af Europas befolkning livet på blot fem år – mellem 1347 og 1352. Zoologen Graham Twigg satte i 1984 spørgsmålstegn ved en udbredt antagelse om den sorte død.Hans argument var, at der slet ikke fandtes nok rotter i middelalderens Nordeuropa til, at pesten kunne sprede sig med den hastighed, man så fra 1347 til 1350. De skriftlige kilder vidner heller ikke om rotternes fremtrædende rolle, men lægger derimod stor vægt på smitten fra menneske til menneske. Den nye forskning indskriver sig derfor i den gren af forskningen, der fremhæver andre smittefaktorer. "><meta data-n-head="ssr" name="cXenseParse:description" content="Rotter og lopper får ofte skylden, når det kommer til smittespredning under den store pestepidemi i middelalderen. 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data-v-a1261da2> <div class="page-content main-grid pt-4" data-v-a1261da2><div class="main-grid--full main-grid pt-3" data-v-06c036ce data-v-a1261da2><div class="article-header-default" data-v-06c036ce><header class="article-header-default__header" data-v-06c036ce> <div class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06c036ce><div class="breadcrumbs__item" style="--theme-color:black;"><a href="/videnskab" class="breadcrumbs__link nuxt-link-active">Videnskab </a></div><div class="breadcrumbs__item" style="--theme-color:black;"><a href="/videnskab/medicin" class="breadcrumbs__link nuxt-link-active">Medicin </a></div></div>  <h1 class="article-header-default__title" data-v-06c036ce>Glem rotterne: Her er den oversete årsag til smittespredning under pesten</h1> <p class="article-header-default__summary" data-v-06c036ce>Rotter og lopper får ofte skylden, når det kommer til smittespredning under den store pestepidemi i middelalderen. Et andet dyr var imidlertid også skurk.</p> </header></div> <figure class="article-header-default__figure" data-v-06c036ce><picture class="br image__skeleton" style="padding-top:69.27272727272728%;--focalpoint:50% 82%;" data-v-738748f2 data-v-06c036ce><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 1024w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=960&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 960w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=900&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 900w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=800&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 800w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=600&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 600w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=500&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 500w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=400&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 400w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=320&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 320w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=300&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 300w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=280&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 280w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=250&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 250w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=225&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 225w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=200&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 200w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=175&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 175w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=150&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 150w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=125&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 125w, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=100&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&crop 100w" data-v-738748f2> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&test=crop&crop" src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22111416/den-sorte-doed-pest-kort.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.82&fit=crop&test=crop&crop" alt="Kort af pestens historie af Monro Scott Orr." title="den sorte doed pest kort" width="620" height="429" class="lazyloaded image__position__no__lazy" data-v-738748f2></picture> <figcaption class="caption" data-v-06c036ce><div class="markdown" data-v-06c036ce><p>Kort af Monro Scott Orr (1874-1955), der fortolker historien om pesten, der hærgede Europa fra 1347-1352. </p></div> <span class="caption__copy" data-v-06c036ce>© Wellcome Collection</span></figcaption></figure></div> <div email="maria.appel@historiebladet.dk" title="Journalist" education="Cand.mag. i historie, Københavns Universitet " biography="Har været ansat på HISTORIE siden 2019 og har tidligere været praktikant på Kristeligt Dagblads digitale redaktion." count="195" timezone_type="3" timezone="Europe/Copenhagen" data-fetch-key="data-v-67cc8df8:0" class="byline" data-v-67cc8df8 data-v-a1261da2><div class="byline__left" data-v-67cc8df8><div class="byline__premium-tag" data-v-67cc8df8></div> <div class="byline__date" data-v-67cc8df8> Publiceret 24.05.24 </div> <div class="byline__author" data-v-67cc8df8><span data-v-67cc8df8>Af</span> <span data-v-67cc8df8><span data-v-67cc8df8><a href="/author/maria-appel" class="byline__link" data-v-67cc8df8>Maria Appel</a></span> </span></div></div> <div class="byline__icons" data-v-67cc8df8><button title="Gem" class="btn-icon" data-v-67cc8df8><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-v-67cc8df8><path fill="currentColor" d="m7 17.95l5-2.15l5 2.15V5H7Zm-.6 2.45q-.5.2-.95-.088q-.45-.287-.45-.837V5q0-.825.588-1.413Q6.175 3 7 3h10q.825 0 1.413.587Q19 4.175 19 5v14.475q0 .55-.45.837q-.45.288-.95.088L12 18ZM7 5h10h-5Z"></path></svg></button> <button aria-label="Share on Facebook" class="btn-icon" data-v-67cc8df8><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 24 24" data-v-67cc8df8><path fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeLinecap="round" strokeLinejoin="round" strokeWidth="2" d="M18 2h-3a5 5 0 0 0-5 5v3H7v4h3v8h4v-8h3l1-4h-4V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3z"></path></svg></button> <button aria-label="Copy link" class="btn-icon" data-v-67cc8df8><svg width="1em" height="1em" viewBox="0 0 256 256" data-v-67cc8df8><path fill="currentColor" d="M167.6 88.4a8 8 0 0 1 0 11.3l-67.9 67.9a7.6 7.6 0 0 1-5.6 2.3a7.8 7.8 0 0 1-5.7-2.3a8 8 0 0 1 0-11.3l67.9-67.9a8 8 0 0 1 11.3 0Zm-28.3 84.9L111 201.5a39.7 39.7 0 0 1-56.5 0a40 40 0 0 1 0-56.5l28.2-28.3a8 8 0 0 0-11.3-11.3l-28.3 28.3a56 56 0 0 0 79.2 79.2l28.3-28.3a8 8 0 0 0 0-11.3a7.9 7.9 0 0 0-11.3 0Zm73.6-130.2a56 56 0 0 0-79.2 0l-28.3 28.3a8 8 0 0 0 11.3 11.3L145 54.5a39.7 39.7 0 0 1 56.5 0a40 40 0 0 1 0 56.5l-28.2 28.3a7.9 7.9 0 0 0 0 11.3a7.7 7.7 0 0 0 5.6 2.4a8 8 0 0 0 5.7-2.4l28.3-28.3a56.1 56.1 0 0 0 0-79.2Z"></path></svg></button> <span class="tooltip" style="display:none;" data-v-67cc8df8 data-v-67cc8df8> Link kopieret til udklipsholderen</span></div></div> <div class="main-grid--full" data-v-a1261da2><div class="article-body" data-v-a1261da2> </div>  <div class="paywall main-grid article-body" data-v-a1261da2> <div type="text_item" uuid="e0119d62-7f2f-4a89-a2b0-461889c8e0fe" class="grid__item--content" data-v-351e8df2 data-v-a1261da2><div class="markdown text-item" data-v-351e8df2><p>Den fransk-schweiziske bakteriolog Alexandre Yersin fandt i 1894 en pestbakterie hos rotter og mennesker i Asien, der senere fik navnet Yersinia pestis. </p><p>Opdagelsen skete i forbindelse med en bølge af byldepest, der havde spredt sig fra Hongkong til Indien. </p><p>Yersinia pestis blev også udpeget som dræberen, der tog millioner af menneskeliv under den sorte død i middelalderen. </p><p>Den satte dog langtfra en ende på diskussionen om pestens udbredelse gennem historien. </p></div></div> <div class="widget-wrapper main-grid widget-wrapper paywall paywall-null" data-v-a1261da2><div data="Article" type="bcm_banner" uuid="c9c97f27-111e-455b-afc4-62954c24e104" class="grid__item--full default-banner-size" data-v-bdcdd22e data-v-a1261da2></div><div data="Article" type="text_item" uuid="db736589-fde4-4f1e-b84b-d6c11774cc15" class="grid__item--content" data-v-351e8df2 data-v-a1261da2><div class="markdown text-item" data-v-351e8df2><p>Dengang i slutningen af 1800-tallet blev det klart, at rotter og lopper spillede en afgørende rolle for sygdommens spredning. </p><p>Nu har et hold af bakteriologer fra National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), der er et regeringsinstitut i USA med base i Maryland, foretaget en række eksperimenter, som kaster nyt lys over sygdommens historie – og bidrager med ny indsigt i historiske epidemier, såsom den sorte død. </p></div></div><div data="Article" type="bcm_banner" uuid="9c02da2a-eaa9-45a9-8e62-0f71c1fc16aa" class="grid__item--full default-banner-size" data-v-bdcdd22e data-v-a1261da2></div><div data="Article" type="text_item" uuid="ae1e650a-bef2-4437-b6e4-7cfd8cb3095e" class="grid__item--content" data-v-351e8df2 data-v-a1261da2><div class="markdown text-item" data-v-351e8df2> <h2 id="bid-fra-kropslus"> Bid fra kropslus </h2> <p>De amerikanske forskere gik i laboratoriet og fodrede kropslus med blodprøver, der indeholdt pestbakterien Yersinia pestis. </p><p>Resultaterne har fået forskerne til at konkludere, at kropslus kan have været mere effektive smittespredere end hidtil antaget. Dermed har de måske spillet en rolle i tidligere pestepidemier, skriver forskerne i tidsskriftet <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3002625" target="_blank" >PLoS Biology</a>. </p><p>Eksperimentet viste, at kropslus indtager en større mængde blod end lopper. Det øger antallet af bakterier, de kan sprede, skriver forskerne. </p><p>Kropslusene spiser også hyppigere, hvilket øger risikoen for at overføre pestbakterierne og dermed forårsage sygdommen hos mennesker. </p></div></div><div data="Article" type="bcm_banner" uuid="cb0e33ef-f7cf-4954-8678-fd3bdabcd265" class="grid__item--full default-banner-size" data-v-bdcdd22e data-v-a1261da2></div><div type="image" uuid="af096b48-b937-465e-8b24-509ad872cc08" class="widget grid__item--content" data-v-61acaa4c data-v-a1261da2><figure class="image__figure" data-v-61acaa4c><picture class="image br image__skeleton" style="padding-top:66.66666666666667%;--focalpoint:50% 50%;" data-v-738748f2 data-v-61acaa4c><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=1024&w=1024, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=960&w=960, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=900&w=900, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=800&w=800, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=600&w=600, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=500&w=500, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=400&w=400, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=320&w=320, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=300&w=300, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=280&w=280, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=250&w=250, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=225&w=225, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=200&w=200, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=175&w=175, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=150&w=150, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=125&w=125, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=100&w=100" data-v-738748f2> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2024/05/22141034/kropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024&fit=crop&crop" src="" alt="Fluorescerende foto af kropslus med Yersinia pestis-infektion." title="kropslus pest smittespreder" width="620" height="413" class="lazy image__position" data-v-738748f2></picture> <figcaption class="caption" data-v-61acaa4c><div class="markdown" data-v-61acaa4c><p>Billede af en kropslus med Yersinia pestis-bakterien – bemærk de orangerøde markeringer. </p></div> <span class="caption__copy" data-v-61acaa4c>© David M. Bland</span></figcaption></figure></div><div data="Article" type="text_item" uuid="10588962-dedb-4f31-86aa-7e35cba496e2" class="grid__item--content" data-v-351e8df2 data-v-a1261da2><div class="markdown text-item" data-v-351e8df2><p>Forskerne peger også på, at bid fra kropslus giver kløe, hvilket ofte resulterer i hudafskrabninger, der kan give nemmere adgang til pestbakterien. </p><p>Pestudbrud hos mennesker stammer formentligt fra rotter eller lopper, men spredningen, der var så skæbnesvanger for den høje dødelighed i middelalderen, kan være drevet af smitte fra parasitter, som har levet på mennesker, herunder kropslus. </p> <h2 id="rotten-som-bi--eller-hovedrolle-i-pestens-historie"> Rotten som bi- eller hovedrolle i pestens historie? </h2> <p>Da bakteriologer i slutningen af 1800-tallet undersøgte et pestudbrud i Hongkong, der havde spredt sig til Indien, blev rotten udpeget som smittebæreren. </p><p>Moderne forskere har derfor peget på, at sygdommen – også under den sorte død – blev spredt af rotter. </p><p>Men det er slet ikke sikkert, at rotten var skurken for den pest, der kostede en tredjedel af Europas befolkning livet på blot fem år – mellem 1347 og 1352. </p></div></div><div data="Article" type="associated_composites" uuid="54d059c7-0e6b-48b0-afb2-4ae18246acec" class="related main-grid--full main-grid" data-v-3ad3642c data-v-a1261da2><div class="tpadding main-grid--full main-grid lg-wrap" data-v-3ad3642c><div class="t-theme t-related t-related--lg"><div class="t t-plus-t t-related related-item-wrap" style="--t-bg:#ededed;"><figure class="t__figure"> <div class="t__image"><picture class="teaser__img image__skeleton" style="padding-top:69.28571428571429%;--focalpoint:53% 17%;" data-v-738748f2><source data-srcset="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=1024&w=1024, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=960&w=960, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=900&w=900, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=800&w=800, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=600&w=600, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=500&w=500, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=400&w=400, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=320&w=320, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=300&w=300, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=280&w=280, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=250&w=250, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=225&w=225, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=200&w=200, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=175&w=175, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=150&w=150, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=125&w=125, https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&h=100&w=100" data-v-738748f2> <img sizes="auto" data-src="https://images-bonnier.imgix.net/files/his/production/2022/05/11090147/den-sorte-doed-pestlaege-maske.jpg?auto=compress,format&w=1024&fit=crop&crop" src="" alt="Pestlæge i kappe og spids maske" title="Den sorte død pestlæge maske" width="620" height="430" class="lazy image__position" data-v-738748f2></picture></div></figure> <div class="t__body" style="color:#000;">  <h2 class="t__title"> Den Sorte Død – sådan var det at leve og dø med pesten i middelalderen </h2> <p class="t__description"> I midten af 1300-tallet bliver Europa lammet af pesten. Den Sorte Død lægger hver tredje europæer – bønder som konger – i graven. Da smitten dør ud, vågner de overlevende op til en helt ny verden. </p> <div class="t__cta"><span class="t__cta-label"> Læs også: </span> <svg viewBox="0 0 22 8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="t__cta-icon"><path d="M21.8536 4.35356C22.0488 4.15829 22.0488 3.84171 21.8536 3.64645L18.6716 0.464468C18.4763 0.269205 18.1597 0.269205 17.9645 0.464468C17.7692 0.65973 17.7692 0.976312 17.9645 1.17157L20.7929 4L17.9645 6.82843C17.7692 7.02369 17.7692 7.34027 17.9645 7.53554C18.1597 7.7308 18.4763 7.7308 18.6716 7.53554L21.8536 4.35356ZM0.5 4.5L21.5 4.5L21.5 3.5L0.5 3.5L0.5 4.5Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data="Article" type="text_item" uuid="363fa3d6-03ff-40d3-867d-3a66b7634540" class="grid__item--content" data-v-351e8df2 data-v-a1261da2><div class="markdown text-item" data-v-351e8df2><p>Zoologen Graham Twigg satte i 1984 spørgsmålstegn ved en udbredt antagelse om den sorte død.</p><p>Hans argument var, at der slet ikke fandtes nok rotter i middelalderens Nordeuropa til, at pesten kunne sprede sig med den hastighed, man så fra 1347 til 1350. </p><p>De skriftlige kilder vidner heller ikke om rotternes fremtrædende rolle, men lægger derimod stor vægt på smitten fra menneske til menneske. </p><p>Den nye forskning indskriver sig derfor i den gren af forskningen, der fremhæver andre smittefaktorer. </p></div></div> <div class="mkt-placement-8 grid__item--content" data-v-afb14004></div></div></div></div> </div></div> <div class="cxenseignore lazy" data-v-a1261da2></div> </div></article></div></div></div> <footer class="site-footer main-grid"><div class="footer-some main-grid--12col"><div class="footer-some-icons"></div></div> <div class="grid-footer main-grid--12col"><div class="grid-footer--logo"></div> <div class="grid-footer--content"><div class="grid__item"><span class="footer-list__title">HISTORIE</span>  <ul class="footer-list"><li class="footer-list__item"><span> Bonnier Publications International AS </span> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><span> Postboks 543 </span> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><span> 1411 Kolbotn, Norge </span> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><span> Org. 977041066 </span> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><span> KUNDESERVICE </span> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><a href="https://kundeservice.nu" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="footer-list__link">Selvbetjening</a> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><span> +45 3910 3000 </span> </li></ul></div><div class="grid__item"><span class="footer-list__title">FØLG HISTORIE</span>  <ul class="footer-list"><li class="footer-list__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Historiebladet/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="footer-list__link">Facebook</a> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><a href="/nyhedsbrev" class="footer-list__link nuxt-link">Nyhedsbrevet</a> </li></ul></div><div class="grid__item"><span class="footer-list__title">LÆS BLADET</span>  <ul class="footer-list"><li class="footer-list__item"><a href="https://abonnement.historienet.dk/brand/historie/?media=Abonner_link" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="footer-list__link">Køb abonnement</a> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><a href="https://magasingave.dk/giftcard/gkw-2020-his-361463/?media=Abonner_link" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="footer-list__link">Giv Historie i gave</a> </li><li class="footer-list__item"><a href="https://wype.dk/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" class="footer-list__link">WYPE - 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fransk-schweiziske bakteriolog Alexandre Yersin fandt i 1894 en pestbakterie hos rotter og mennesker i Asien, der senere fik navnet Yersinia pestis. \r\n\r\nOpdagelsen skete i forbindelse med en bølge af byldepest, der havde spredt sig fra Hongkong til Indien. \r\n\r\nYersinia pestis blev også udpeget som dræberen, der tog millioner af menneskeliv under den sorte død i middelalderen. \r\n\r\nDen satte dog langtfra en ende på diskussionen om pestens udbredelse gennem historien. "},{type:an,locked:h,stick_to_next:h,uuid:"db736589-fde4-4f1e-b84b-d6c11774cc15",body:"Dengang i slutningen af 1800-tallet blev det klart, at rotter og lopper spillede en afgørende rolle for sygdommens spredning. \r\n\r\nNu har et hold af bakteriologer fra National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), der er et regeringsinstitut i USA med base i Maryland, foretaget en række eksperimenter, som kaster nyt lys over sygdommens historie – og bidrager med ny indsigt i historiske epidemier, såsom den sorte død. \r\n"},{type:an,locked:h,stick_to_next:h,uuid:"ae1e650a-bef2-4437-b6e4-7cfd8cb3095e",body:"## Bid fra kropslus \r\n\r\nDe amerikanske forskere gik i laboratoriet og fodrede kropslus med blodprøver, der indeholdt pestbakterien Yersinia pestis. \r\n\r\nResultaterne har fået forskerne til at konkludere, at kropslus kan have været mere effektive smittespredere end hidtil antaget. Dermed har de måske spillet en rolle i tidligere pestepidemier, skriver forskerne i tidsskriftet [PLoS Biology](https:\u002F\u002Fjournals.plos.org\u002Fplosbiology\u002Farticle?id=10.1371\u002Fjournal.pbio.3002625 {\"target\":\"_blank\"}). \r\n\r\nEksperimentet viste, at kropslus indtager en større mængde blod end lopper. Det øger antallet af bakterier, de kan sprede, skriver forskerne. \r\n\r\nKropslusene spiser også hyppigere, hvilket øger risikoen for at overføre pestbakterierne og dermed forårsage sygdommen hos mennesker. \r\n"},{type:"image",locked:h,stick_to_next:h,uuid:"af096b48-b937-465e-8b24-509ad872cc08",is_lead:h,file:{id:354992,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2024\u002F05\u002F22141034\u002Fkropslus-pest-smittespreder.jpg",title:"kropslus pest smittespreder",description:a,caption:"Billede af en kropslus med Yersinia pestis-bakterien – bemærk de orangerøde markeringer. ",alt:aK,copyright:ao,language:c,focalpoint:{x:f,y:f},aspectratio:v,link:a,color_palette:{colors:["#e5fca0","#a5d621",eU,eV,"#324e09","#2f1009"],average_luminance:.123931,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#dcf124",muted_light:"#a1c89a",muted:eU,vibrant_dark:eV,vibrant_light:"#ddfa64",muted_dark:"#354c2d"}}},display_hint:"inline",video_url:a},{type:an,locked:h,stick_to_next:h,uuid:"10588962-dedb-4f31-86aa-7e35cba496e2",body:"Forskerne peger også på, at bid fra kropslus giver kløe, hvilket ofte resulterer i hudafskrabninger, der kan give nemmere adgang til pestbakterien. \r\n\r\nPestudbrud hos mennesker stammer formentligt fra rotter eller lopper, men spredningen, der var så skæbnesvanger for den høje dødelighed i middelalderen, kan være drevet af smitte fra parasitter, som har levet på mennesker, herunder kropslus. \r\n\r\n## Rotten som bi- eller hovedrolle i pestens historie?\r\n\r\nDa bakteriologer i slutningen af 1800-tallet undersøgte et pestudbrud i Hongkong, der havde spredt sig til Indien, blev rotten udpeget som smittebæreren. \r\n\r\nModerne forskere har derfor peget på, at sygdommen – også under den sorte død – blev spredt af rotter. \r\n\r\nMen det er slet ikke sikkert, at rotten var skurken for den pest, der kostede en tredjedel af Europas befolkning livet på blot fem år – mellem 1347 og 1352. 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Da smitten dør ud, vågner de overlevende op til en helt ny verden.",link:"\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Fpesten-haergede-europa-25-millioner-doede-paa-5-aar",published_at:{date:"2019-10-21 13:19:34.000000",timezone_type:l,timezone:m},commercial:a,label:{title:s,url:t},estimated_reading_time:26,word_count:4235,contenthub_id:"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1ISVMtMjI1MDg=",template:z,tags:{data:[{id:w,name:g,slug:g,url:L,language:c,count:M,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:x,translations:{da:{id:w,title:g,link:x},fi:{id:N,title:g,link:O},nb:{id:P,title:g,link:Q},sv:{id:R,title:g,link:S},nl:{id:T,title:g,link:U}},contenthub_id:V,internal:e}]}}],display_hint:a},{type:an,locked:h,stick_to_next:h,uuid:"363fa3d6-03ff-40d3-867d-3a66b7634540",body:"Zoologen Graham Twigg satte i 1984 spørgsmålstegn ved en udbredt antagelse om den sorte død.\r\n\r\nHans argument var, at der slet ikke fandtes nok rotter i middelalderens Nordeuropa til, at pesten kunne sprede sig med den hastighed, man så fra 1347 til 1350. \r\n\r\nDe skriftlige kilder vidner heller ikke om rotternes fremtrædende rolle, men lægger derimod stor vægt på smitten fra menneske til menneske. \r\n\r\nDen nye forskning indskriver sig derfor i den gren af forskningen, der fremhæver andre smittefaktorer. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n"}]};dn.related={data:eX};dn.teasers={data:fk};dn.tags={data:[{id:A,name:k,slug:k,url:ac,language:c,count:1583,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:B,translations:{da:{id:A,title:k,link:B},fi:{id:ad,title:k,link:ae},nb:{id:af,title:k,link:ag},nl:{id:ah,title:k,link:ai},sv:{id:aj,title:k,link:ak}},contenthub_id:al,internal:e},{id:E,name:n,slug:n,url:az,language:c,count:aA,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:F,translations:{da:{id:E,title:n,link:F},fi:{id:aB,title:n,link:aC},nb:{id:aD,title:n,link:aE},nl:{id:aF,title:n,link:aG},sv:{id:aH,title:n,link:aI}},contenthub_id:aJ,internal:e}]};dn.vocabularies={data:[{name:"Content Type (HIS)",taxonomy:"content_type",multi_select:e,terms:[]}]};eX[0]={id:bm,post_title:W,title:W,kind:q,status:p,image:{id:bn,url:bo,title:bp,description:a,caption:bq,alt:a,copyright:br,language:c,focalpoint:{x:f,y:f},aspectratio:v,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[bs,X,bt,bu,bv,bw],average_luminance:bx,dominant_colors:{vibrant:by,muted_light:X,muted:bz,vibrant_dark:bA,vibrant_light:bB,muted_dark:bC}}},video_url:a,description:bD,link:bE,published_at:{date:bF,timezone_type:l,timezone:m},commercial:a,label:{title:s,url:t},estimated_reading_time:ab,word_count:bG,contenthub_id:bH,template:d,tags:{data:[{id:w,name:g,slug:g,url:L,language:c,count:M,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:x,translations:{da:{id:w,title:g,link:x},fi:{id:N,title:g,link:O},nb:{id:P,title:g,link:Q},sv:{id:R,title:g,link:S},nl:{id:T,title:g,link:U}},contenthub_id:V,internal:e},{id:Y,name:u,slug:u,url:bI,language:c,count:bJ,sortorder:a,color:a,canonical_url:Z,translations:{da:{id:Y,title:u,link:Z},fi:{id:bK,title:u,link:bL},nb:{id:bM,title:u,link:bN},nl:{id:bO,title:u,link:bP},sv:{id:bQ,title:u,link:bR}},contenthub_id:bS,internal:e}]}};eX[1]={id:126451,post_title:"Pesten tog fart efter 300 år",title:"Chokerende sandhed om pesten ",kind:q,status:p,image:{id:126458,url:"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2020\u002F10\u002F26160810\u002FNyheder_02_pest_teaser.png",title:"Nyheder_02_pest_teaser",description:a,caption:a,alt:a,copyright:eY,language:c,focalpoint:{x:f,y:f},aspectratio:1.4439592430858808,link:a,color_palette:{colors:[eZ,"#94665b","#764a48","#593636","#450e12","#2b0304"],average_luminance:.207121,dominant_colors:{vibrant:"#82463a",muted_light:eZ,muted:"#937067",muted_dark:"#562927",vibrant_dark:"#230304"}}},video_url:a,description:"Over en tredjedel af befolkningen døde, da Den Sorte Død ramte Europa i 1300-tallet. 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So be aware of too much belly fat and make sure that you don't messure more than 88 cm (102 cm for men) around the waist.",warning_four:"Your entries resulted in a daily calorie intake of less than 0 calories. Please change your values and try again.",warning_one:"If you reach your desired weight, you will be underweight. We strongly recommend that you aim for a higher and healthier weight. Read more about BMI and healthy weight \u003Ca href='https:\u002F\u002Fiform.dk\u002Fvaegttab\u002Fhvad-betyder-dit-bmi-tal' target='_blank'\u003Ehere\u003C\u002Fa\u003E.",warning_three:"The necessary calorie intake if you want to reach your goal is very low! To get a realistic and healthy weight loss we recommend that you get at least 1200 calories a day. So try to aim for either a higher weight or a longer period to reach your goal.",warning_two:"You want to lose weight very quickly! Some people can manage to lose up to 2 kg per week, if they combine tuff calorie reduction and hard training. But we recommend 1 kg per week as a maximum weight loss goal, and 500-700 gram weight loss per week as a reachable and healthy goal.",weight:gi,weight_bmi:"Your new weight will give you a BMI-value of",weight_heavy:"Heavy overweight",weight_normal:"Normal and healthy weight",weight_over:"Over weight",weight_under:"Underweight",work:gj,you_need_one:"You need",you_need_two:"kcal every day",slightly_active_spare:"slightly active (ex. 2 x easy activity\u002Fweek)",inactive_spare:"inactivr",semi_active_spare:"semi active",active_spare:"active",very_active_spare:"very active"},calories_needed:{active:f$,age:ga,calculate:gb,female:aQ,inactive:gc,kcal:cr,male:aR,semi_active:gd,sex:aS,slightly_active:ge,sparetime:gf,title:gg,very_active:gh,weight:gi,work:gj,you_need:"Every day you need"},cooper_test:{calculate:cq,distance:"Distance in meter",result:gk,title:"Cooper test"},fat_percentage:{calculate:cq,hip:"Your hip measure (cm)",result:"Your waist-hip ration is",title:"Calculate fat distribution",waist:"Your waist measure (cm)"},fitness_value:{calculate:"Calculate fitness level",distance:"Completed distance (meter)",error:"Sorry - you either run too fast or too slow. To be able to calculate your fitness level the completed distance has to be between 100 og 1700 meters.",female:aQ,male:aR,result:gk,sex:gl,title:"Calculate your fitness level"},kcal_burn:{activity:gm,calculate:aT,kcal:"kcal.",resting_counted:"Included in the result is your rest consumption at approx. 1 kcal\u002Fmin.",time:"How long time? (minutes)",title:"Calorie calculator",type:"Which kind of exercise did you do?",weight:"What is your weight? (kg)",you_have_burned:"You burned approx."},meters:"meters",protein:{calculate:"Calculate protein need",frequencies:{four_to_five:"4-5 times a week",more_than_five:"More than 5 times a week",two_to_three:"2-3 times a week",zero_to_one:"0-1 times a week"},frequency:"How often do you work out?",grams:"grams of protein each day",insert_weight:"Insert your weight",result:"You need approx.",sport:"Which training do you do?",sports:{fitness:"Fitness",fitness_strength:"Combination of weight lifting and fitness",no_training:"No specific training, limited physical activity",strength:gn,strength_intensive:"Hård styrketræning for at opbygge muskler"},title:"Calculate your protein need",weight:"My weight (kg)",ages:"Hvor gammel er du?",age:{young:"Under 65 år",old:"Over 65 år"},sub_title:"Særligt for gravide og ammende",pregnants:"Er du gravid?",pregnant:{no:go,yes_first:"Ja, i 1. trimester",yes_second:"Ja, i 2. trimester",yes_third:"Ja, i 3. trimester"},breastfeedings:"Ammer du?",breastfeeding:{no:go,yes_full:"Ja, fuld amning",yes_partial:"Ja, delvis amning"},form:{error_title:"Advarsel",error:{pregnant_breastfeeding:"You have selected that you are both pregnant and breastfeeding. You can certainly be both at once – but maybe check if you made the wrong choice.",old_pregnant_breastfeeding:"You have selected that you are over 65 years old and both pregnant and breastfeeding at the same time. We could, of course, be mistaken, but perhaps you made the wrong choice?",old_pregnant:"You have selected that you are both over 65 years old and pregnant. We could, of course, be mistaken, but perhaps you made the wrong choice?",old_breastfeeding:"You have selected that you are both over 65 years old and breastfeeding. We could, of course, be mistaken, but perhaps you made the wrong choice?"}}},weeks:"weeks",calories_burn:{title:"Hvor lang tid vil det tage mig at forbrænde disse kalorier?",calories:"Hvor mange kalorier? (skriv antal)",activity:"Vælg aktivitet",weight:"Jeg vejer (indtast kg)",calculate:gp,it_will_take:"Det vil tage dig",to_burn:"at forbrænde",kcal:"kalorier",and:fK,minutes:{one:fL,other:cm},hours:{one:gq,other:gr},resting_counted:"Medregnet i resultatet er dit hvileforbrug på ca. 1-1,5 kcal\u002Fmin."},calories_while_resting:{title:gs,sex:gl,weight:"Vægt (kg)",age:"Alder",calculate:gs,male:"Mand",female:"Kvinde",result:"Dit basale stofskifte er",kcal:cr},end_time:{title:"Hvor hurtigt kan du løbe 5 km i dag?",minutes:gt,seconds:"Sekunder",calculate:gp,distance:gu,end_time:"Sluttid",time_ten_km:gv,half_marathon:"Halvmarathon",unknown_result:"Beklager - du løber enten for hurtigt eller langsomt. For at vi kan beregne interval-tider, skal din 5 km-tid være mellem 15 og 35 minutter."},pulse_rate:{title:gw,calculate:gw,goal:"Hvad er dit mål med træningen?",resting:"Hvad er din hvilepuls?",maximum:"Hvad er din max puls?",age:"Din alder",no_max_pulse:"Hvis du ikke kender din maksimale puls, skriv din alder i stedet.",result_start:"Du bør træne med en puls der ligger i intervallet",result_end:"slag i minuttet",training_types:{extreme_competition:"Konkurrence",hard_training:"Hård træning",medium_training:"Relativ hård træning",easy_training:"Let træning",warm_up:"Opvarmning"}},kg:gx,cm:"cm",speed_with_different_weight:{title:gy,weight:"What do you weigh today?",activity:"Choose exercise type",distance:"Enter distance in meters",current_time:gz,future_weight:"What is your future weight? 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Your due date is",calculate_due_date:"Calculate due date"}}},composite:{reading_time:{title:cm},story:{theme:{article:{part:cp,show_less:fY,show_more:fU,title:"artikler mere"}}}},concepts:{foodplan:{"button-link":"principperne-bag-i-forms-madplan","button-text":fN,description:cs,"headline-five":"Sunde","headline-four":"Vegetar-måltid","headline-one":"Max 30 min.","headline-three":"Fisk eller skaldyr","headline-two":"Max 600 kcal","text-five":"råvarer","text-four":gJ,"text-one":"tilberedningstid","text-three":gJ,"text-two":"pr. måltid",title:gK},frontpage:{"button-link":"Button link","button-text":"Button text",description:cs,"headline-five":"Headline five","headline-four":"Headline four","headline-one":"Headline one","headline-three":"Headline three","headline-two":"Headline two","text-five":"Text five","text-four":"Text four","text-one":"Text one","text-three":"Text three","text-two":"Text 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portion",packet:"Pak.",people:"pers.",piece:"stk.",pinch:"skvis",preparation_time:"Forberedelsestid",protein:"Protein",slice:"Skiv.",sprinkle:"Drys",tablespoon:"spsk.",teaspoon:"tsk.",time_consumption:fZ,total_time:"Tid i alt"},sports_list:{aikido:"Aikido",alpine_skiing:"Alpine skiing",badminton:gL,basketball:"Basketball",beachvolley:"Beachvolley",body_building:"Body building",canoe:"Canoe",cardio:"Cardio",cleaning:gM,climbing:gN,cross_bow:"Cross bow",cross_country:gO,cycling:gP,diving:"Diving",dog_walking:"Dog walking",downhill_skiing:"Downhill skiing",fat_burner:"Fat burner",football:"Football",garden_work:"Garden work",general_shooting:"Generel shooting",golf:gQ,grun:"Run",gymnastics:"Gymnastics",handball:gR,high_impact:"High impact",hiphop:"Hiphop",hockey:"Hockey",horse_riding:"Horse riding",icehockey:"Icehockey",inliner:"Inliner",judo:"Judo",kayak:"Kayak",kendo:"Kendo",kickboxing:"Kick boxing",kyokushinkai:"Kyokushinkai",latin:"Latin",lawn_mowing:"Lawn mowing",low_impact:"Low 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rotterne: Her er den oversete årsag til smittespredning under pesten","fasciner-mig","default",1.4435695538057742,"\u002Ftags\u002Fpremium",1410,145364,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.fi\u002Ftags\u002Fpremium",145361,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.no\u002Ftags\u002Fpremium",145358,"https:\u002F\u002Fvarldenshistoria.se\u002Ftags\u002Fpremium",151423,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.nl\u002Ftags\u002Fpremium","3ea8d785-298b-4179-947c-2ba7e960c425","Pest eller kolera? Dét bør du vælge","#ccb4a6",157669,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Ftags\u002Fhjaelp-mig-med-at-forstaa","#58aa5f",58682,"Videnskab",13,"\u002Ftags\u002Ffree",137681,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.fi\u002Ftags\u002Ffree",137678,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.no\u002Ftags\u002Ffree",137684,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.nl\u002Ftags\u002Ffree",137675,"https:\u002F\u002Fvarldenshistoria.se\u002Ftags\u002Ffree","2c6f1474-357e-4102-a536-0857b6280161","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Fvidenskab","text_item","David M. Bland",354778,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Fglem-rotterne-her-er-den-oversete-aarsag-til-smittespredning-under-pesten","Græsk gladiator-læge revolutionerede lægevidenskaben","#c5afa5","Norsk læge løste gåden om spedalskhed","#563a2e","Fund af mumificerede hjerner i krypt kan omskrive kokainens historie","#d1b391","#6b491d",1584,"\u002Ftags\u002Fopdater-mig",637,157705,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.fi\u002Ftags\u002Fopdater-mig",157702,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.no\u002Ftags\u002Fopdater-mig",157708,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.nl\u002Ftags\u002Fopdater-mig",157699,"https:\u002F\u002Fvarldenshistoria.se\u002Ftags\u002Fopdater-mig","55aadfa2-c92b-4f85-9a63-b11f532a8107","Fluorescerende foto af kropslus med Yersinia pestis-infektion.","https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2024\u002F05\u002F23142404\u002Fkropslus-pest-teaser.jpg","#dbf126","#497606","Log ind","Vis mere","Female","Male","Sex","Calculate","Minutes","[object Object]","BSwFKTzBpu","Sprog","\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fegyptere","\u002Fvidenskab",58696,"\u002F","https:\u002F\u002Fabonnement.historienet.dk\u002Fbrand\u002Fhistorie\u002F?media=Abonner_link","\u002Fnyhedsbrev","Nyhedsbrevet","\u002Fom-historie\u002Fkontakt-historie","Kontakt os","Kundeservice","\u002Fom-historie\u002Fabonnement\u002Fom-historie","composite","Rotter og lopper får ofte skylden, når det kommer til smittespredning under den store pestepidemi i middelalderen. Et andet dyr var imidlertid også skurk.","Wellcome Collection","2024-05-24 05:45:34.000000","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin",19384,375403,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2024\u002F09\u002F12150053\u002Fpest-kolera-teaser-lead.jpg","pest-kolera-teaser-lead","Pest og kolera har gennem historien kostet flere end 100 mio. mennesker livet.","Getty images & Bridgeman ","#f1f0ea","#7694a2","#736655","#53504b","#36251a",.243499,"#d26d54","#ab875c","#6c4f22","#e0c171","#4f2e28","\"Pest eller kolera\" er en talemåde, der beskriver valget mellem to ubehagelige muligheder. Men hvad burde du vælge, hvis spørgsmålet skal tages helt bogstaveligt?","\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Fpest-eller-kolera-det-boer-du-vaelge","2024-11-09 11:15:00.000000",2166,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1ISVMtMTkzODQ=","\u002Ftags\u002Fhjaelp-mig-med-at-forstaa",465,157677,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.fi\u002Ftags\u002Fhjaelp-mig-med-at-forstaa",157674,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.no\u002Ftags\u002Fhjaelp-mig-med-at-forstaa",157680,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.nl\u002Ftags\u002Fhjaelp-mig-med-at-forstaa",157671,"https:\u002F\u002Fvarldenshistoria.se\u002Ftags\u002Fhjaelp-mig-med-at-forstaa","e3a3ebbe-e93e-4a59-b930-c5cdedfee600",.43,355416,"kropslus pest teaser",1.5016835016835017,"#f1fdd0","#a2d620","#558a10","#375705","#1a3703",.189098,"#ddf961","#2a5528","Hvorfor hedder det kejsersnit?","#fb2434","ListItem","BannerWidget","Indtast søgeord","Luk","Af","Seneste","Mere fra","minutter","Adgangskode","Nyhedsbrev","Tema","Show result","kcal","Description","ssr","10.21.131.123","10.21.129.217","10.21.130.26","10.21.128.102","10.21.128.169","10.21.129.142","10.21.131.193","10.21.128.161","10.21.128.209","10.21.131.223","10.21.130.4","10.21.130.207","dk","HIS",58128,"\u002Fkrig\u002F2-verdenskrig","\u002Fsamfund","Samfund",58502,"\u002Fsamfund\u002Fmiddelalderen","\u002Fsamfund\u002Fmytologi","Mytologi","\u002Fkultur\u002Fkulturpersonligheder","Kulturpersonligheder",57940,"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fvikinger",57970,"\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fromerriget","Romerriget",57990,"Egyptere","\u002Fcivilisationer\u002Fgraekere","Grækere",58672,"\u002Fudforskning\u002Fopdagelsesrejser","KØB ABONNEMENT","https:\u002F\u002Fkundeservice.nu\u002F","Om HISTORIE","\u002Fom-historie\u002Fsporgsmal-og-svar","Spørgsmål og svar","\u002Fstenalder","Stenalder","https:\u002F\u002Fkundeservice.nu",157733,"Min side","page","Mine gemte artikler",{},"Maria Appel","Journalist","Har været ansat på HISTORIE siden 2019 og har tidligere været praktikant på Kristeligt Dagblads digitale redaktion.","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Fauthor\u002Fmaria-appel","#cc672b",23710,23735,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F09025633\u002Ftop-jufupzvu8wdg5oon98b5ig.jpg","23735","Modsat grækerne havde romerne ikke stor tiltro til lægevidenskaben. Svære sygdomme blev anset for at være gudernes straf, og her virkede kun bønner.","Lessing Archive","#a99b87","#8e968b","#887757","#737668","#5a665b",.416678,"#985931","#a88c57","#6c351a","#c29a79","#58442a","Han sugede viden til sig fra Colosseum og gladiatorernes maltrakterede kroppe. Og endte med at skabe fundamentet for hele den moderne lægevidenskab. ","\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Feuropaeisk-laegekunst-fra-kvaksalvere-til-specialister","2024-11-13 07:00:00.000000",1927,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1ISVMtMjM3MTA=",14520,14549,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2019\u002F09\u002F09001607\u002F0903_09_opslag_23-vttv_w_wheppgtwcbktrxw.jpg","0903_09_opslag_23-vttv_w_wheppgtwcbktrxw","Kunstneren J.L. Losting fra Bergen lavede i 1840'erne en serie tegninger af Sankt Jørgens Hospitalets beboere. Tegningerne indgik i et forskningsværk.","J. L. Losting \u002F Bergenin Lepramuseo",.76,.47,1.4445306439100078,"#352e30","#734d33","#aa663a","#d0b28b","#eed28d",.60012,"#c56a3c","#ddc6c7","#a49360","#663c2f","#fbe494","Spedalskheden kunne ramme alle. Den vansirende sygdom gav knudrede, betændte bylder og fik knoglerne til at falde af kroppen. Men i 1873 kom en ung norsk læge på sporet af en kur.","\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Fnorsk-laege-loeste-gaaden-om-spedalskhed","2024-09-22 07:45:16.000000",16,2577,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1ISVMtMTQ1MjA=",371940,372015,"https:\u002F\u002Fimages.bonnier.cloud\u002Ffiles\u002Fhis\u002Fproduction\u002F2024\u002F08\u002F23105021\u002Fkrypt-kirke.jpg","krypt kirke","Grafikken her er fra en kirke i Oxford. Det er imidlertid i krypten under et italiensk hospital, at forskerne har fundet rester fra hjerner, der har givet anledning til undersøgelser. \r\n","Kirken St Peter-in-the-East i Oxford, England.","#4d4336","#382a24","#2b140c","#1c0b04",.137841,"#c17f3f","#aa8a64","#543c33","Hvornår gjorde kokainen sit indtog i Europa? Det kan mumificerede hjerner fundet gemt væk langt under jordens overflade måske give os svaret på.","\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Ffund-af-mumificerede-hjerner-i-krypt-kan-omskrive-kokainens-historie","2024-08-26 22:00:56.000000",297,"Q09NUE9TSVRFUy1ISVMtMzcxOTQw",123,58684,"Tiede","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.fi\u002Ftiede",58687,"Vitenskap","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.no\u002Fvitenskap",58690,"Wetenschap","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorianet.nl\u002Fwetenschap",58693,"Vetenskap","https:\u002F\u002Fvarldenshistoria.se\u002Fvetenskap","76602410-5fdf-48ff-ae4b-3a78f01b6c8e","#8ea559","#6d7107","Den Sorte Død – sådan var det at leve og dø med pesten i middelalderen",Array(10),"Shutterstock","#cbc2af",.52,157725,"https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Ftags\u002Ffasciner-mig","Stenalderbønder døde pludseligt: Særlig sygdom er blevet overset – indtil nu","Oldtidens grækere var smittet med ebola","#834d3e","Karantæne – sidste skanse mod verdens værste sygdomme","Wikimedia Commons",.48,"Mumier fra hele verden afslører: Moderne sygdom dræbte også oldtidsfolk","Beethovens hår var fyldt med gift – og kan forklare hvorfor han blev døv","#ddc303",Array(4),"Rotter får ofte skurkerollen, når det kommer til smittespredning under den sorte død. Et andet dyr var imidlertid også skurk. Få historien her. ","Wellcome Images","Orgasme skulle helbrede hystader","#a37b55",4,"Avanceret teknologi afslører: Sådan arbejdede de romerske kirurger",.44,"#dfbe6e","NewsArticle","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk\u002Fvidenskab\u002Fmedicin\u002Fglem-rotterne-her-er-den-oversete-aarsag-til-smittespredning-under-pesten#article","da-DK","2024-05-24T05:45:34.000Z","https:\u002F\u002Fhistorienet.dk","Historie","Magasinet HISTORIE tager dig med på en hæsblæsende rejse til fortiden, hvor du kan nyde historiens største dramaer fra forreste række.","ItemList",1,"BcmBanner","Video","Søg","Menu","Log ud","Vis mindre","Galleri","Annonce","og","minut","Tilmeld","Læs mere","Hent flere","3D-model","Tilbage til forsiden","Se også","Lyd","https:\u002F\u002Fkundeservice.nu\u002Flogin\u002F?active=forgot-subscription","Vis","Nulstil adgangskode","Tjek din email",".","Vis færre artikler","Tidsforbrug","Result","Active","My age is","Calculate calorie consumption","Inactive","Semi active","Alightly active","Normally I am","Calculate your necessary calorie consumption","Very active","I weigh (kg)","While working I am normally","Your fitness level is","Køn","Choose activity","Weight lifting","Nej","Beregn","time","timer","Beregn hvile-stofskifte","Minutter","Distance","10 km","Beregn træningspuls","kg","Calculate your speed","My current time","Hours","Running","Swimming","Hence","than today","faster","slower","Seconds","Choose method","1 gang om ugen","Title","Badminton","Cleaning","Climbing","Cross country skiing","Road cycling","Golf","Handball","Mountainbike","Power yoga","Rowing","Spinning","Squash","Step","Tennis","Trail running","Trekking","Volleyball","Yoga","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.129.217:80","production","modern","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.26:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.169:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.4:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.102:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.161:80","\u002Fapp","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.130.207:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.131.223:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.1:443","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.131.193:80",1732180647589,"tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.129.142:80","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.128.209:80","10.21.128.1","tcp:\u002F\u002F10.21.131.123:80"));</script><script src="/_nuxt/dfeb021.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/83256e9.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/a52207f.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/55ca039.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/da13da5.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/b1990ba.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/00f64fa.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/d99d6c3.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/623ddcf.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/1edb9ed.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/7d98cc7.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/ed96398.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/0356092.js" defer></script><script src="/_nuxt/2c2cb1e.js" defer></script> </body> </html>