CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Vacuum arc</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Vacuum arc"> <meta name="keywords" content="Vacuum arc"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Vacuum arc" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Vacuum arc"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 144</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Vacuum arc</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Construction Technology of Modified Vacuum Pre-Loading Method for Slurry Dredged Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20H.%20Mahfouz">Ali H. Mahfouz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gao%20Ming-Jun"> Gao Ming-Jun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamad%20Sharif"> Mohamad Sharif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Slurry dredged soil at coastal area has a high water content, poor permeability, and low surface intensity. Hence, it is infeasible to use vacuum preloading method to treat this type of soil foundation. For the special case of super soft ground, a floating bridge is first constructed on muddy soil and used as a service road and platform for implementing the modified vacuum preloading method. The modified technique of vacuum preloading and its construction process for the super soft soil foundation improvement is then studied. Application of modified vacuum preloading method shows that the technology and its construction process are highly suitable for improving the super soft soil foundation in coastal areas.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Super%20soft%20foundation" title="Super soft foundation">Super soft foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dredger%20fill" title=" dredger fill"> dredger fill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20preloading" title=" vacuum preloading"> vacuum preloading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=foundation%20treatment" title=" foundation treatment"> foundation treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=construction%20technology." title=" construction technology."> construction technology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/construction-technology-of-modified-vacuum-pre-loading-method-for-slurry-dredged-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1922</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Experimental Measurements of Evacuated Enclosure Thermal Insulation Effectiveness for Vacuum Flat Plate Solar Thermal Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paul%20Henshall">Paul Henshall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Philip%20Eames"> Philip Eames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roger%20Moss"> Roger Moss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stan%20Shire"> Stan Shire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farid%20Arya"> Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Encapsulating the absorber of a flat plate solar thermal collector in vacuum by an enclosure that can be evacuated can result in a significant increase in collector performance and achievable operating temperatures. This is a result of the thermal insulation effectiveness of the vacuum layer surrounding the absorber, as less heat is lost during collector operation. This work describes experimental thermal insulation characterization tests of prototype vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors that demonstrate the improvement in absorber heat loss coefficients. Furthermore, this work describes the selection and sizing of a getter, suitable for maintaining the vacuum inside the enclosure for the lifetime of the collector, which can be activated at low temperatures.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum" title="Vacuum">Vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal" title=" thermal"> thermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flat-plate%20solar%20collector." title=" flat-plate solar collector."> flat-plate solar collector.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/experimental-measurements-of-evacuated-enclosure-thermal-insulation-effectiveness-for-vacuum-flat-plate-solar-thermal-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1629</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Theoretical Study of Flexible Edge Seals for Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farid%20Arya">Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of vacuum glazing represents a significant advancement in the area of low heat loss glazing systems with the potential to substantially reduce building heating and cooling loads. Vacuum glazing consists of two or more glass panes hermetically sealed together around the edge with a vacuum gap between the panes. To avoid the glass panes from collapsing and touching each other under the influence of atmospheric pressure an array of support pillars is provided between the glass panes. A high level of thermal insulation is achieved by evacuating the spaces between the glass panes to a very low pressure which greatly reduces conduction and convection within the space; therefore heat transfer through this kind of glazing is significantly lower when compared with conventional insulating glazing. However, vacuum glazing is subject to inherent stresses due to atmospheric pressure and temperature differentials which can lead to fracture of the glass panes and failure of the edge seal. A flexible edge seal has been proposed to minimise the impact of these issues. In this paper, vacuum glazing system with rigid and flexible edge seals is theoretically studied and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Flexible%20edge%20seal" title="Flexible edge seal">Flexible edge seal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=support%20pillar" title=" support pillar"> support pillar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20glazing." title=" vacuum glazing. "> vacuum glazing. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/theoretical-study-of-flexible-edge-seals-for-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10007776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Development of the Measurement Apparatus for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Core Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jongmin%20Kim">Jongmin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae-Ho%20Song"> Tae-Ho Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A measurement apparatus is designed and fabricated to measure the effective thermal conductivity (keff) of a VIP (vacuum insulation panel) core specimen under various vacuum states and external loads. The apparatus consists of part for measuring keff, and parts for controlling external load and vacuum condition. Uncertainty of the apparatus is validated by measuring the standard reference material and comparing with commercial devices with VIP samples. Assessed uncertainty is maximum 2.5 % in case of the standard reference material, 10 % in case of VIP samples. Using the apparatus, keff of glass paper under various vacuum levels is examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Effective%20thermal%20conductivity" title="Effective thermal conductivity">Effective thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=guarded%20hot%20plate%0Amethod" title=" guarded hot plate method"> guarded hot plate method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20insulation%20panel" title=" vacuum insulation panel"> vacuum insulation panel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/development-of-the-measurement-apparatus-for-the-effective-thermal-conductivity-of-core-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2092</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Current Developments in Flat-Plate Vacuum Solar Thermal Collectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farid%20Arya">Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paul%20Henshall"> Paul Henshall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phillip%20Eames"> Phillip Eames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roger%20Moss"> Roger Moss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Stan%20Shire"> Stan Shire</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vacuum flat plate solar thermal collectors offer several advantages over other collectors namely the excellent optical and thermal characteristics they exhibit due to a combination of their wide surface area and high vacuum thermal insulation. These characteristics can offer a variety of applications for industrial process heat as well as for building integration as they are much thinner than conventional collectors making installation possible in limited spaces. However, many technical challenges which need to be addressed to enable wide scale adoption of the technology still remain. This paper will discuss the challenges, expectations and requirements for the flat-plate vacuum solar collector development. In addition, it will provide an overview of work undertaken in Ulster University, Loughborough University, and the University of Warwick on flat-plate vacuum solar thermal collectors. Finally, this paper will present a detailed experimental investigation on the development of a vacuum panel with a novel sealing method which will be used to accommodate a novel slim hydroformed solar absorber. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hot%20box%20calorimeter" title="Hot box calorimeter">Hot box calorimeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=infrared%20thermography" title=" infrared thermography"> infrared thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=solar%20thermal%20collector" title=" solar thermal collector"> solar thermal collector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20insulation." title=" vacuum insulation."> vacuum insulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/current-developments-in-flat-plate-vacuum-solar-thermal-collectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004587.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Experimental Investigation the Effectiveness of Using Heat Pipe on the Spacecraft Mockup Panel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Abdou">M. Abdou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20K.%20Khalil"> M. K. Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The heat pipe is a thermal device which allows efficient transport of thermal energy. The experimental work of this research was split into two phases; phase 1 is the development of the facilities, material and test rig preparation. Phase 2 is the actual experiments and measurements of the thermal control mockup inside the modified vacuum chamber (MVC). Due to limited funds, the development on the thermal control subsystem was delayed and the experimental facilities such as suitable thermal vacuum chamber with space standard specifications were not available from the beginning of the research and had to be procured over a period of time. In all, these delays extended the project by one and a half year. Thermal control subsystem needs a special facility and equipment to be tested. The available vacuum chamber is not suitable for the thermal tests. Consequently, the modification of the chamber was a must. A vacuum chamber has been modified to be used as a Thermal Vaccum Chamber (TVC). A MVC is a vacuum chamber modified by using a stainless mirror box with perfect reflectability and the infrared lamp connected with the voltage regulator to vary the lamp intensity as it will be illustrated through the paper.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Heat%20pipe" title="Heat pipe">Heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20control" title=" thermal control"> thermal control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20vacuum%20chamber" title=" thermal vacuum chamber"> thermal vacuum chamber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=satellite." title=" satellite. "> satellite. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/experimental-investigation-the-effectiveness-of-using-heat-pipe-on-the-spacecraft-mockup-panel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011097.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">642</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Effect of Packaging Methods and Storage Time on Oxidative Stability of Traditional Fermented Sausage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vladimir%20M.%20Tomovi%C4%87">Vladimir M. Tomović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Branislav%20V.%20%C5%A0oji%C4%87"> Branislav V. Šojić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Predrag%20M.%20Ikoni%C4%87"> Predrag M. Ikonić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ljiljana%20S.%20Petrovi%C4%87"> Ljiljana S. Petrović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Anamarija%20I.%20Mandi%C4%87"> Anamarija I. Mandić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Natalija%20R.%20D%C5%BEini%C4%87"> Natalija R. Džinić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sne%C5%BEana%20B.%20%C5%A0kaljac"> Snežana B. Škaljac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tatjana%20A.%20Tasi%C4%87"> Tatjana A. Tasić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marija%20R.%20Jokanovi%C4%87"> Marija R. Jokanović</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper influence of packaging method (vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging) on lipid oxidative stability and sensory properties of odor and taste of the traditional sausage Petrovská klobása were examined. These parameters were examined during storage period (7 months). In the end of storage period, vacuum packed sausage showed better oxidative stability. Propanal content was significantly lower (P<0.05) in vacuum packed sausage compared to these values in unpacked and modified atmosphere packaging sausage. Hexanal content in vacuum packed sausage was 1.85 μg/g, in MAP sausage 2.98 μg/g and in unpacked sausage 4.94 μg/g. After 2 and 7 months of storage, sausages packed in vacuum had the highest grades for sensory properties of odor and taste.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lipid%20oxidation" title="Lipid oxidation">Lipid oxidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MAP" title=" MAP"> MAP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensory%20properties" title=" sensory properties"> sensory properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=traditional%0D%0Asausage" title=" traditional sausage"> traditional sausage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum." title=" vacuum."> vacuum.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/effect-of-packaging-methods-and-storage-time-on-oxidative-stability-of-traditional-fermented-sausage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Working Mode and Key Technology of Thermal Vacuum Test Software for Spacecraft Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhang%20Lei">Zhang Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhan%20Haiyang"> Zhan Haiyang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gu%20Miao"> Gu Miao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A universal software platform is developed for improving the defects in the practical one. This software platform has distinct advantages in modularization, information management, and the interfaces. Several technologies such as computer technology, virtualization technology, network technology, etc. are combined together in this software platform, and four working modes are introduced in this article including single mode, distributed mode, cloud mode, and the centralized mode. The application area of the software platform is extended through the switch between these working modes. The software platform can arrange the thermal vacuum test process automatically. This function can improve the reliability of thermal vacuum test.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20platform" title="Software platform">Software platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermal%20vacuum%20test" title=" thermal vacuum test"> thermal vacuum test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=control%20and%20measurement" title=" control and measurement"> control and measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=work%20mode." title=" work mode."> work mode.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/working-mode-and-key-technology-of-thermal-vacuum-test-software-for-spacecraft-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Drying of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Using a Microwave-vacuum Dryer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kraipat%20Cheenkachorn">Kraipat Cheenkachorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Piyawat%20Jintanatham"> Piyawat Jintanatham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarun%20Rattanaprapa"> Sarun Rattanaprapa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In present work, drying characteristics of fresh papaya (Carica papaya L.) was studied to understand the dehydration process and its behavior. Drying experiments were carried out by a laboratory scaled microwave-vacuum oven. The parameters affecting drying characteristics including operating modes (continuous, pulsed), microwave power (400 and 800 W), and vacuum pressure (20, 30, and 40 cmHg) were investigated. For pulsed mode, two levels of power-off time (60 and 120 s) were used while the power-on time was fixed at 60 s and the vacuum pressure was fixed at 40 cmHg. For both operating modes, the effects of drying conditions on drying time, drying rate, and effective diffusivity were investigated. The results showed high microwave power, high vacuum, and pulsed mode of 60 s-on/60 s-off favored drying rate as shown by the shorten drying time and increased effective diffusivity. The drying characteristics were then described by Page-s model, which showed a good agreement with experimental data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=papaya" title="papaya">papaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=microwave-vacuum%20drying" title=" microwave-vacuum drying"> microwave-vacuum drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=effective%0D%0Adiffusivity" title=" effective diffusivity"> effective diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Page%27s%20model" title=" Page's model"> Page's model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/drying-of-papaya-carica-papaya-l-using-a-microwave-vacuum-dryer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/438.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2865</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> On Symmetries and Exact Solutions of Einstein Vacuum Equations for Axially Symmetric Gravitational Fields</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nisha%20Goyal">Nisha Goyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.K.%20Gupta"> R.K. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Einstein vacuum equations, that is a system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are derived from Weyl metric by using relation between Einstein tensor and metric tensor. The symmetries of Einstein vacuum equations for static axisymmetric gravitational fields are obtained using the Lie classical method. We have examined the optimal system of vector fields which is further used to reduce nonlinear PDE to nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE). Some exact solutions of Einstein vacuum equations in general relativity are also obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gravitational%20fields" title="Gravitational fields">Gravitational fields</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lie%20Classical%20method" title=" Lie Classical method"> Lie Classical method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Exact%20solutions." title=" Exact solutions."> Exact solutions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/on-symmetries-and-exact-solutions-of-einstein-vacuum-equations-for-axially-symmetric-gravitational-fields" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1934</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> The Effect of Glass Thickness on Stress in Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farid%20Arya">Farid Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Trevor%20Hyde"> Trevor Hyde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrea%20Trevisi"> Andrea Trevisi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paolo%20Basso"> Paolo Basso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Danilo%20Bardaro"> Danilo Bardaro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat transfer through multiple pane windows can be reduced by creating a vacuum pressure less than 0.1 Pa between the glass panes, with low emittance coatings on one or more of the internal surfaces. Fabrication of vacuum glazing (VG) requires the formation of a hermetic seal around the periphery of the glass panes together with an array of support pillars between the panes to prevent them from touching under atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure and temperature differentials induce stress which can affect the integrity of the glazing. Several parameters define the stresses in VG including the glass thickness, pillar specifications, glazing dimensions and edge seal configuration. Inherent stresses in VG can result in fractures in the glass panes and failure of the edge seal. In this study, stress in VG with different glass thicknesses is theoretically studied using Finite Element Modelling (FEM). Based on the finding in this study, suggestions are made to address problems resulting from the use of thinner glass panes in the fabrication of VG. This can lead to the development of high performance, light and thin VG. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ABAQUS" title="ABAQUS">ABAQUS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=glazing" title=" glazing"> glazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20glazing" title=" vacuum glazing"> vacuum glazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20insulation." title=" vacuum insulation. "> vacuum insulation. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/the-effect-of-glass-thickness-on-stress-in-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009572.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Measurement of VIP Edge Conduction Using Vacuum Guarded Hot Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bongsu%20Choi">Bongsu Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tae-Ho%20Song"> Tae-Ho Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Vacuum insulation panel (VIP) is a promising thermal insulator for buildings, refrigerator, LNG carrier and so on. In general, it has the thermal conductivity of 2~4 mW/m·K. However, this thermal conductivity is that measured at the center of VIP. The total effective thermal conductivity of VIP is larger than this value due to the edge conduction through the envelope. In this paper, the edge conduction of VIP is examined theoretically, numerically and experimentally. To confirm the existence of the edge conduction, numerical analysis is performed for simple two-dimensional VIP model and a theoretical model is proposed to calculate the edge conductivity. Also, the edge conductivity is measured using the vacuum guarded hot plate and the experiment is validated against numerical analysis. The results show that the edge conductivity is dependent on the width of panel and thickness of Al-foil. To reduce the edge conduction, it is recommended that the VIP should be made as big as possible or made of thin Al film envelope.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Envelope" title="Envelope">Envelope</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Edge%20conduction" title=" Edge conduction"> Edge conduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thermal%20conductivity" title=" Thermal conductivity"> Thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20insulation%20panel." title=" Vacuum insulation panel."> Vacuum insulation panel.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/measurement-of-vip-edge-conduction-using-vacuum-guarded-hot-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000075.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2668</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Alternative Animal Feed Additive Obtain with Different Drying Methods from Carrot Unsuitable for Human Consumption </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rabia%20G%C3%B6%C3%A7men">Rabia Göçmen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=G%C3%BCl%C5%9Fah%20Kanbur"> Gülşah Kanbur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sinan%20Sefa%20Parlat"> Sinan Sefa Parlat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study was conducted to determine that carrot powder obtain by different drying methods (oven and vacuum-freeze dryer) of carrot unfit for human consumption that whether feed additives in animal nutrition or not. Carrots randomly divided 2 groups. First group was dried by using oven, second group was by using vacuum freeze dryer methods. Dried carrot prepared from fresh carrot was analysed nutrient matter (energy, crude protein, crude oil, crude ash, beta carotene, mineral concentration and colour). The differences between groups in terms of energy, crude protein, ash, Ca and Mg was not significant (P>0,05). Crude oil, P, beta carotene content and colour values (L, a, b) with vacuum-freeze dryer group was greater than oven group (P<0,05). Consequently, carrot powder obtained by drying the vacuum-freeze dryer method can be used as a source of carotene. </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Carrot" title="Carrot">Carrot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20freeze%20dryer" title=" vacuum freeze dryer"> vacuum freeze dryer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=oven" title=" oven"> oven</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=beta%20carotene." title=" beta carotene."> beta carotene.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/alternative-animal-feed-additive-obtain-with-different-drying-methods-from-carrot-unsuitable-for-human-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001744.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1993</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> RBS Characteristic of Cd1−xZnxS Thin Film Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D-E.%20Arafah"> D-E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Cd<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>S thins films have been fabricated from ZnS/CdS/ZnS multilayer thin film systems, by using the vacuum deposition method; the Rutherford backscattering (RBS) technique have been applied in order to determine the: structure, composition, depth profile, and stoichiometric of these films. The influence of the chemical and heat treatments on the produced films also have been investigated; the RBS spectra of the films showed that homogenous Cd<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>Zn<em><sub>x</sub></em>S can be synthesized with x=0.45.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cd1%E2%88%92xZnxS" title="Cd1−xZnxS">Cd1−xZnxS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=depth%20profile" title=" depth profile"> depth profile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heat%20treatment" title=" heat treatment"> heat treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RUMP%20simulation" title=" RUMP simulation"> RUMP simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnS%2FCdS%2FZnS." title=" ZnS/CdS/ZnS. "> ZnS/CdS/ZnS. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/rbs-characteristic-of-cd1xznxs-thin-film-fabricated-by-vacuum-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997254.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1738</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> An Investigation into Sealing Materials for Vacuum Glazing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Paul%20Onyegbule">Paul Onyegbule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harjit%20Singh"> Harjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Vacuum glazing is an innovative transparent thermal insulator that has application in high performance window, especially in renewable energy. Different materials as well as sealing methods have been adopted to seal windows with different temperatures. The impact of temperatures on sealing layers has been found to have significant effects on the microstructure of the seal. This paper seeks to investigate the effects of sealing materials specifically glass powder and flux compound (borax) for vacuum glazing. The findings of the experiment conducted show that the sealing material was rigid with some leakage around the edge, and we found that this could be stopped by enhancing the uniformity of the seal within the periphery. Also, we found that due to the intense tensile stress from the oven surface temperature of the seal at 200 <sup>0</sup>C, a crack was observed at the side of the glass. Based on the above findings, this study concludes that a glass powder with a lower melting temperature of below 250 <sup>0</sup>C with the addition of an adhesive (borax flux) should be used for future vacuum seals.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Double%20glazed%20windows" title="Double glazed windows">Double glazed windows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=U-value" title=" U-value"> U-value</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=borax%20powder" title=" borax powder"> borax powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=edge%20seal." title=" edge seal."> edge seal.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/an-investigation-into-sealing-materials-for-vacuum-glazing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">815</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Manufacturing Process of a Novel Biomass Composite Inspired from Cellular Structure of Wood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Yongfeng">Li Yongfeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liu%20Yixing"> Liu Yixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Jian"> Li Jian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Jun"> Li Jun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel biomass composite inspired from wood porous structure was manufactured by impregnating vinyl monomer into wood cellular structure under vacuum conditions, and initiating the monomer for in situ polymerization through a thermal treatment. The vacuum condition was studied, and the mechanical properties of the composite were also tested. SEM observation shows that polymer generated in the wood porous structure, and strongly interacted with wood matrix; and the polymer content increased with vacuum value increasing. FTIR indicates that polymer grafted onto wood matrix, resulting chemical complex between them. The rate of monomer loading increased with increasing vacuum value and time, accordance with rate of polymer loading. The compression strength and modulus of elasticity linearly increased with the increasing rate of polymer loading. Results indicate that the novel biomass composite possesses good mechanical properties capable of applying in the fields of construction, traffic and so forth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biomass%20composite" title="Biomass composite">Biomass composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=manufacture" title=" manufacture"> manufacture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vinyl%20monomer" title=" vinyl monomer"> vinyl monomer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wood%20cellular%20structure." title="wood cellular structure.">wood cellular structure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/manufacturing-process-of-a-novel-biomass-composite-inspired-from-cellular-structure-of-wood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15601.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Study of a Developed Model Describing a Vacuum Membrane Distillation Unit Coupled to Solar Energy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fatma%20Khaled">Fatma Khaled</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Khaoula%20Hidouri"> Khaoula Hidouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bechir%20Chaouachi"> Bechir Chaouachi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Desalination using solar energy coupled with membrane techniques such as vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) is considered as an interesting alternative for the production of pure water. During this work, a developed model of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow fiber membrane module of a VMD unit of seawater was carried out. This simulation leads to establishing a comparison between the effects of two different equations of the vaporization latent heat on the membrane surface temperature and on the unit productivity. Besides, in order to study the effect of putting membrane modules in series on the outlet fluid temperature and on the productivity of the process, a simulation was executed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20membrane%20distillation" title="Vacuum membrane distillation">Vacuum membrane distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=membrane%20module" title=" membrane module"> membrane module</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=membrane%20temperature" title=" membrane temperature"> membrane temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=productivity." title=" productivity."> productivity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/study-of-a-developed-model-describing-a-vacuum-membrane-distillation-unit-coupled-to-solar-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010773.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> A Rapid and Cost-Effective Approach to Manufacturing Modeling Platform for Fused Deposition Modeling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chil-Chyuan%20Kuo">Chil-Chyuan Kuo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chen-Hsuan%20Tsai"> Chen-Hsuan Tsai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This study presents a cost-effective approach for rapid fabricating modeling platforms utilized in fused deposition modeling system. A small-batch production of modeling platforms about 20 pieces can be obtained economically through silicone rubber mold using vacuum casting without applying the plastic injection molding. The air venting systems is crucial for fabricating modeling platform using vacuum casting. Modeling platforms fabricated can be used for building rapid prototyping model after sandblasting. This study offers industrial value because it has both time-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20casting" title="Vacuum casting">Vacuum casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fused%20deposition%20modeling" title=" fused deposition modeling"> fused deposition modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=modeling%20platform" title=" modeling platform"> modeling platform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sandblasting" title=" sandblasting"> sandblasting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=surface%20roughness." title=" surface roughness."> surface roughness.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/a-rapid-and-cost-effective-approach-to-manufacturing-modeling-platform-for-fused-deposition-modeling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Discontinuous Spacetime with Vacuum Holes as Explanation for Gravitation, Quantum Mechanics and Teleportation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Constantin%20Z.%20Leshan">Constantin Z. Leshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Hole Vacuum theory is based on discontinuous spacetime that contains vacuum holes. Vacuum holes can explain gravitation, some laws of quantum mechanics and allow teleportation of matter. All massive bodies emit a flux of holes which curve the spacetime; if we increase the concentration of holes, it leads to length contraction and time dilation because the holes do not have the properties of extension and duration. In the limited case when space consists of holes only, the distance between every two points is equal to zero and time stops - outside of the Universe, the extension and duration properties do not exist. For this reason, the vacuum hole is the only particle in physics capable of describing gravitation using its own properties only. All microscopic particles must 'jump' continually and 'vibrate' due to the appearance of holes (impassable microscopic 'walls' in space), and it is the cause of the quantum behavior. Vacuum holes can explain the entanglement, non-locality, wave properties of matter, tunneling, uncertainty principle and so on. Particles do not have trajectories because spacetime is discontinuous and has impassable microscopic 'walls' due to the simple mechanical motion is impossible at small scale distances; it is impossible to 'trace' a straight line in the discontinuous spacetime because it contains the impassable holes. Spacetime 'boils' continually due to the appearance of the vacuum holes. For teleportation to be possible, we must send a body outside of the Universe by enveloping it with a closed surface consisting of vacuum holes. Since a material body cannot exist outside of the Universe, it reappears instantaneously in a random point of the Universe. Since a body disappears in one volume and reappears in another random volume without traversing the physical space between them, such a transportation method can be called teleportation (or Hole Teleportation). It is shown that Hole Teleportation does not violate causality and special relativity due to its random nature and other properties. Although Hole Teleportation has a random nature, it can be used for colonization of extrasolar planets by the help of the method called 'random jumps': after a large number of random teleportation jumps, there is a probability that the spaceship may appear near a habitable planet. We can create vacuum holes experimentally using the method proposed by Descartes: we must remove a body from the vessel without permitting another body to occupy this volume.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Border%20of%20the%20universe" title="Border of the universe">Border of the universe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=causality%20violation" title=" causality violation"> causality violation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=perfect%20isolation" title=" perfect isolation"> perfect isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quantum%20jumps." title=" quantum jumps."> quantum jumps.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/discontinuous-spacetime-with-vacuum-holes-as-explanation-for-gravitation-quantum-mechanics-and-teleportation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Characteristics Analysis of Thermal Resistance of Cryogenic Pipeline in Vacuum Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wang%20Zijuan">Wang Zijuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ding%20Wenjing"> Ding Wenjing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liu%20Ran"> Liu Ran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If an unsteady heat transfer or heat impulse happens in part of the cryogenic pipeline system of large space environment simulation equipment while running in vacuum environment, it will lead to abnormal flow of the cryogenic fluid in the pipeline. When the situation gets worse, the cryogenic fluid in the pipeline will have phase change and a gas block which results in the malfunction of the cryogenic pipeline system. Referring to the structural parameter of a typical cryogenic pipeline system and the basic equation, an analytical model and a calculation model for cryogenic pipeline system can be built. The various factors which influence the thermal resistance of a cryogenic pipeline system can be analyzed and calculated by using the qualitative analysis relation deduced for thermal resistance of pipeline. The research conclusion could provide theoretical support for the design and operation of a cryogenic pipeline system <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pipeline" title="pipeline">pipeline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum" title=" vacuum"> vacuum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vapor%20quality" title=" vapor quality"> vapor quality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/characteristics-analysis-of-thermal-resistance-of-cryogenic-pipeline-in-vacuum-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1903</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Separation of Dissolved Gases from Water for a Portable Underwater Breathing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pil%20Woo%20Heo">Pil Woo Heo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=In%20Sub%20Park"> In Sub Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Water contains oxygen which may make a human breathe under water like a fish. Centrifugal separator can separate dissolved gases from water. Carrier solution can increase the separation of dissolved oxygen from water. But, to develop an breathing device for a human under water, the enhancement of separation of dissolved gases including oxygen and portable devices which have dc battery based device and proper size are needed. In this study, we set up experimental device for analyzing separation characteristics of dissolved gases including oxygen from water using a battery based portable vacuum pump. We characterized vacuum state, flow rate of separation of dissolved gases and oxygen concentration which were influenced by the manufactured vacuum pump.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Portable" title="Portable">Portable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=breathing" title=" breathing"> breathing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=separation" title=" separation"> separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=battery." title=" battery."> battery.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/separation-of-dissolved-gases-from-water-for-a-portable-underwater-breathing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2098</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Extractive Fermentation of Ethanol Using Vacuum Fractionation Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weeraya%20Samnuknit">Weeraya Samnuknit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apichat%20Boontawan"> Apichat Boontawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>A vacuum fractionation technique was introduced to remove ethanol from fermentation broth. The effect of initial glucose and ethanol concentrations were investigated for specific productivity. The inhibitory ethanol concentration was observed at 100 g/L. In order to increase the fermentation performance, the ethanol product was removed as soon as it is produced. The broth was boiled at 35<sup>o</sup>C by reducing the pressure to 65 mBar. The ethanol/water vapor was fractionated for up to 90 wt% before leaving the column. Ethanol concentration in the broth was kept lower than 25 g/L, thus minimized the product inhibition effect to the yeast cells. For batch extractive fermentation, a high substrate utilization rate was obtained at 26.6 g/L.h and most of glucose was consumed within 21 h. For repeated-batch extractive fermentation, addition of glucose was carried out up to 9 times and ethanol was produced more than 8-fold higher than batch fermentation.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Extractive%20fermentation" title=" Extractive fermentation"> Extractive fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Product%20inhibition" title=" Product inhibition"> Product inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20fractionation." title=" Vacuum fractionation."> Vacuum fractionation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/extractive-fermentation-of-ethanol-using-vacuum-fractionation-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3793</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> The Suitability of Potato Cultivars in Production of Chips and Sticks by Using Microwave-Vacuum Drier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Solvita%20Kampuse">Solvita Kampuse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kristaps%20Siljanis"> Kristaps Siljanis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tatjana%20Rakcejeva"> Tatjana Rakcejeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irisa%20Murniece"> Irisa Murniece</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The aim of present experiment was to evaluate the influence of cultivar to quality parameters of dried potato chips and sticks produced in microwave-vacuum drier. The potatoes before drying were blanched in oil and water at 180ºC and at 85ºC respectively. The moisture content, crispiness, the colour (CIE L*a*b*), the content of ascorbic acid, total carotenoids and total fat content of dried potato chips and sticks was determined The highest ascorbic acid content, high content of carotenoids, low total fat content, low acrylamide content and good crispiness (low breaking force) especially for sticks was determined in the samples of Gundega cultivar.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Potato" title="Potato">Potato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chips" title=" chips"> chips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sticks" title=" sticks"> sticks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum-microwave" title=" vacuum-microwave"> vacuum-microwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=drying" title=" drying"> drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cultivar" title=" cultivar"> cultivar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=blanching." title=" blanching."> blanching.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/the-suitability-of-potato-cultivars-in-production-of-chips-and-sticks-by-using-microwave-vacuum-drier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> A Statistical Model for the Dynamics of Single Cathode Spot in Vacuum Cylindrical Cathode</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Po-Wen%20Chen">Po-Wen Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin-Yu%20Wu"> Jin-Yu Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Md.%20Manirul%20Ali"> Md. Manirul Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yang%20Peng"> Yang Peng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chen-Te%20Chang"> Chen-Te Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Der-Jun%20Jan"> Der-Jun Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dynamics of cathode spot has become a major part of vacuum arc discharge with its high academic interest and wide application potential. In this article, using a three-dimensional statistical model, we simulate the distribution of the ignition probability of a new cathode spot occurring in different magnetic pressure on old cathode spot surface and at different arcing time. This model for the ignition probability of a new cathode spot was proposed in two typical situations, one by the pure isotropic random walk in the absence of an external magnetic field, other by the retrograde motion in external magnetic field, in parallel with the cathode surface. We mainly focus on developed relationship between the ignition probability density distribution of a new cathode spot and the external magnetic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cathode%20spot" title="Cathode spot">Cathode spot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20arc%20discharge" title=" vacuum arc discharge"> vacuum arc discharge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transverse%0D%0Amagnetic%20field" title=" transverse magnetic field"> transverse magnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=random%20walk." title=" random walk."> random walk.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/a-statistical-model-for-the-dynamics-of-single-cathode-spot-in-vacuum-cylindrical-cathode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Numerical Study of Bubbling Fluidized Beds Operating at Sub-atmospheric Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lanka%20Dinushke%20Weerasiri">Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Subrat%20Das"> Subrat Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daniel%20Fabijanic"> Daniel Fabijanic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=William%20Yang"> William Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Fluidization at vacuum pressure has been a topic that is of growing research interest. Several industrial applications (such as drying, extractive metallurgy, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD)) can potentially take advantage of vacuum pressure fluidization. Particularly, the fine chemical industry requires processing under safe conditions for thermolabile substances, and reduced pressure fluidized beds offer an alternative. Fluidized beds under vacuum conditions provide optimal conditions for treatment of granular materials where the reduced gas pressure maintains an operational environment outside of flammability conditions. The fluidization at low-pressure is markedly different from the usual gas flow patterns of atmospheric fluidization. The different flow regimes can be characterized by the dimensionless Knudsen number. Nevertheless, hydrodynamics of bubbling vacuum fluidized beds has not been investigated to author’s best knowledge. In this work, the two-fluid numerical method was used to determine the impact of reduced pressure on the fundamental properties of a fluidized bed. The slip flow model implemented by Ansys Fluent User Defined Functions (UDF) was used to determine the interphase momentum exchange coefficient. A wide range of operating pressures was investigated (1.01, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1 and 0.03 Bar). The gas was supplied by a uniform inlet at 1.5U<sub>mf</sub> and 2U<sub>mf</sub>. The predicted minimum fluidization velocity (U<sub>mf</sub>) shows excellent agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the operating pressure has a notable impact on the bed properties and its hydrodynamics. Furthermore, it also shows that the existing Gorosko correlation that predicts bed expansion is not applicable under reduced pressure conditions.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="Computational fluid dynamics">Computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fluidized%20bed" title=" fluidized bed"> fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas-solid%20flow" title=" gas-solid flow"> gas-solid flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20pressure" title=" vacuum pressure"> vacuum pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slip%20flow" title=" slip flow"> slip flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=minimum%20fluidization%20velocity." title=" minimum fluidization velocity. "> minimum fluidization velocity. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/numerical-study-of-bubbling-fluidized-beds-operating-at-sub-atmospheric-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010817.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">774</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Vacuum Membrane Distillation for Desalination of Ground Water by using Flat Sheet Membrane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bhausaheb%20L.%20Pangarkar">Bhausaheb L. Pangarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.G.%20Sane"> M.G. Sane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Saroj%20B.%20Parjane"> Saroj B. Parjane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahendra%20Guddad"> Mahendra Guddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The possibility of producing drinking water from brackish ground water using Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process was studied. It is a rising technology for seawater or brine desalination process. The process simply consists of a flat sheet hydrophobic micro porous PTFE membrane and diaphragm vacuum pump without a condenser for the water recovery or trap. In this work, VMD performance was investigated for aqueous NaCl solution and natural ground water. The influence of operational parameters such as feed flow rate (30 to 55 l/h), feed temperature (313 to 333 K), feed salt concentration (5000 to 7000 mg/l) and permeate pressure (1.5 to 6 kPa) on the membrane distillation (MD) permeation flux have been investigated. The maximum flux reached to 28.34 kg/m2 h at feed temperature, 333 K; vacuum pressure, 1.5 kPa; feed flow rate, 55 l/h and feed salt concentration, 7000 mg/l. The negligible effects in the reduction of permeate flux found over 150 h experimental run for salt water. But for the natural ground water application over 75 h, scale deposits observed on the membrane surface and 29% reduction in the permeate flux over 75 h. This reduction can be eliminated by acidification of feed water. Hence, promote the research attention in apply of VMD for the ground water purification over today-s conventional RO operation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VMD" title="VMD">VMD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrophobic%20PTFE%20flat%20membrane" title=" hydrophobic PTFE flat membrane"> hydrophobic PTFE flat membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=desalination" title="desalination">desalination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ground%20water" title=" ground water"> ground water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/vacuum-membrane-distillation-for-desalination-of-ground-water-by-using-flat-sheet-membrane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Effect of Blanching on the Quality of Microwave Vacuum Dried Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Evita%20Straumite">Evita Straumite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zanda%20Kruma"> Zanda Kruma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ruta%20Galoburda"> Ruta Galoburda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kaiva%20Saulite"> Kaiva Saulite</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is a popular herb used in many regions, including Baltic countries. Dill is widely used for flavoring foods and beverages due to its pleasant spicy aroma. The aim of this work was to determine the best blanching method for processing of dill prior to microwave vacuum drying based on sensory properties, color and volatile compounds in dried product. Two blanching mediums were used – water and steam, and for part of samples microwave pretreatment was additionally used. Evaluation of dried dill volatile aroma compounds, color changes and sensory attributes was performed. Results showed that blanching significantly influences the quality of dried dill. After evaluation of volatile aroma compounds, color and sensory properties of microwave vacuum dried dill, as the best method for dill pretreatment was established blanching at 90 °C for 30 s. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dried%20dill" title="dried dill">dried dill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensory%20panel" title=" sensory panel"> sensory panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sensory%20properties" title=" sensory properties"> sensory properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=aroma%0Acompounds" title=" aroma compounds"> aroma compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=color" title=" color"> color</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/effect-of-blanching-on-the-quality-of-microwave-vacuum-dried-dill-anethum-graveolens-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds from Contaminated Surfactant Solution using Co-Curren Vacuum Stripping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pornchai%20Suriya-Amrit">Pornchai Suriya-Amrit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Suratsawadee%20Kungsanant"> Suratsawadee Kungsanant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Boonyarach%20Kitiyanan"> Boonyarach Kitiyanan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>There has been a growing interest in utilizing surfactants in remediation processes to separate the hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) from aqueous solution. One attractive process is cloud point extraction (CPE), which utilizes nonionic surfactants as a separating agent. Since the surfactant cost is a key determination of the economic viability of the process, it is important that the surfactants are recycled and reused. This work aims to study the performance of the co-current vacuum stripping using a packed column for HVOCs removal from contaminated surfactant solution. Six types HVOCs are selected as contaminants. The studied surfactant is the branched secondary alcohol ethoxylates (AEs), Tergitol TMN-6 (C14H30O2). The volatility and the solubility of HVOCs in surfactant system are determined in terms of an apparent Henry’s law constant and a solubilization constant, respectively. Moreover, the HVOCs removal efficiency of vacuum stripping column is assessed in terms of percentage of HVOCs removal and the overall liquid phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient. The apparent Henry’s law constant of benzenz , toluene, and ethyl benzene were 7.00×10-5, 5.38×10-5, 3.35× 10-5 respectively. The solubilization constant of benzene, toluene, and ethyl benzene were 1.71, 2.68, 7.54 respectively. The HVOCs removal for all solute were around 90 percent.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Apparent%20Henry%E2%80%99s%20law%20constant" title="Apparent Henry’s law constant">Apparent Henry’s law constant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Branched%20secondary%20alcohol%20ethoxylates" title=" Branched secondary alcohol ethoxylates"> Branched secondary alcohol ethoxylates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20Stripping." title=" Vacuum Stripping."> Vacuum Stripping.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/removal-of-volatile-organic-compounds-from-contaminated-surfactant-solution-using-co-curren-vacuum-stripping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1689</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Study the Influence of Chemical Treatment on the Compositional Changes and Defect Structures of ZnS Thin Film</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.%20Dahbi">N. Dahbi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=D-E.%20Arafah"> D-E. Arafah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of chemical treatment in CdCl2 on the compositional changes and defect structures of potentially useful ZnS solar cell thin films prepared by vacuum deposition method was studied using the complementary Rutherford backscattering (RBS) and Thermoluminesence (TL) techniques. A series of electron and hole traps are found in the various as deposited samples studied. After treatment, perturbation on the intensity is noted; mobile defect states and charge conversion and/or transfer between defect states are found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title="chemical treatment">chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=defect" title=" defect"> defect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=glow%20curve" title=" glow curve"> glow curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=RBS" title=" RBS"> RBS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thinfilm" title=" thinfilm"> thinfilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=thermoluminescence" title=" thermoluminescence"> thermoluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ZnS" title=" ZnS"> ZnS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=vacuum%20deposition" title=" vacuum deposition"> vacuum deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/study-the-influence-of-chemical-treatment-on-the-compositional-changes-and-defect-structures-of-zns-thin-film" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1599</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Operation Parameters of Vacuum Cleaned Filters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wilhelm%20Hoeflinger">Wilhelm Hoeflinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Laminger"> Thomas Laminger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Johannes%20Wolfslehner"> Johannes Wolfslehner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">For vacuum cleaned dust filters there exist no calculation methods to determine design parameters (e.g. traverse velocity of the nozzle, filter area…). In this work a method to calculate the optimum traverse velocity of the nozzle of an industrial-size flat dust filter at a given mean pressure drop and filter face velocity was elaborated. Well-known equations for the design of a cleanable multi-chamber bag-house-filter were modified in order to take into account a continuously regeneration of a dust filter by a nozzle. Thereby, the specific filter medium resistance and the specific cake resistance values are needed which can be derived from filter tests under constant operation conditions.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="Abstract" style="margin-top:0cm">A lab-scale filter test rig was used to derive the specific filter media resistance value and the specific cake resistance value for vacuum cleaned filter operation. Three different filter media were tested and the determined parameters were compared to each other.<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Design%20of%20dust%20filter" title="Design of dust filter">Design of dust filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dust%20removing" title=" Dust removing"> Dust removing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Filter%20regeneration" title=" Filter regeneration"> Filter regeneration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Operation%20parameters." title=" Operation parameters."> Operation parameters.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/operation-parameters-of-vacuum-cleaned-filters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1934</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20arc&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20arc&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20arc&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20arc&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vacuum%20arc&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>