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Overview</a></li><li><a href='#symptoms' title='Symptoms'>2. Symptoms</a></li><li><a href='#causes' title='Causes'>3. Causes</a></li><li><a href='#diagnosis' title='Diagnosis'>4. Diagnosis</a></li><li><a href='#prevention' title='Prevention'>5. Prevention</a></li><li><a href='#treatment' title='Treatment'>6. Treatment</a></li><li><a href='#everyday-life' title='Everyday Life'>7. Everyday Life</a></li><li><a href='#questions' title='Questions'>8. Questions</a></li><li><a href='#resources' title='Resources'>9. Resources</a></li></ul></nav></div></div>  <article class="clearfix single-post-standard post-13171 condition type-condition status-publish has-post-thumbnail category-family-health tag-cerebral-contusion tag-concussion tag-dizziness tag-headache" id="13171" > <section class="page-content container"> <div class="row"> <div class="content-wrap col-md-8 clearfix"> <meta itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" content="https://familydoctor.org/condition/concussion/"> <div class="featured-image"> <span itemprop="image" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <img itemprop="contentUrl" data-src="https://familydoctor.org/wp-content/uploads/2000/09/50236539-Concussion-848x566.jpg" height="566" width="848" alt="man holding injured head in pain" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" class="lazyload" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 848px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 848/566;" /> <meta itemprop="url" content="https://familydoctor.org/wp-content/uploads/2000/09/50236539-Concussion-848x566.jpg"> <meta itemprop="height" content="566"> <meta itemprop="width" content="848"> </span> </div> <div class="row pb-row"> <div class="body-text entry-content"> <section id="overview" data-rowname="Overview" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row" itemprop="description"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>What is a concussion?</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>A concussion is a type of <a href="https://familydoctor.org/condition/traumatic-brain-injury/">traumatic brain injury</a> (TBI). Most often, it occurs when you hit your head hard against an object. This is sometimes called a blow to the head. It also can happen from a blow to your neck or body. This causes sudden head movement that jars, or shakes, your brain.</p> <p>A concussion may be mild or severe. It can have serious effects, including damage to your brain cells. It can also affect chemicals in your brain and body.</p> <p>More than half of the emergency room visits for TBIs are for children 5 to 18 years of age.</p> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="symptoms" data-rowname="Symptoms" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>Symptoms of a concussion</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>Most people with concussions stay awake after getting hurt. However, some people may lose consciousness. Concussion symptoms may show up right away. Some may even appear hours or days later. Symptoms include:</p> <ul> <li>Headache or pressure in your head.</li> <li>Trouble focusing.</li> <li>Memory loss.</li> <li>Dazed appearance.</li> <li>Confusion.</li> <li>Dizziness or balance problems.</li> <li>Blurry vision.</li> <li>Trouble hearing.</li> <li>Slow response to questions.</li> <li>Nausea and/or vomiting.</li> <li>Sensitivity to light or noise.</li> <li>Changes in mood or behavior.</li> <li>Changes in sleep, including trouble falling asleep or sleeping more than usual.</li> </ul> <p>If you may have a concussion, get help right away for the following. Someone may need to help you call for help.</p> <ul> <li>Symptoms that get worse, such as headache.</li> <li>Frequent vomiting.</li> <li>Inability to wake up.</li> <li>Ongoing confusion.</li> <li>Trouble speaking, walking, or making eye contact.</li> <li>Weakness or numbness in your arms or legs.</li> <li>Loss of consciousness.</li> <li>Seizures.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="causes" data-rowname="Causes" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-standard-width col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>What causes a concussion?</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>Sports are a main cause of concussions. Concussions can occur during practice or a game. They can happen in a fall, wreck, or accident. Sports most linked to concussions are:</p> <ul> <li>football</li> <li>basketball</li> <li>soccer</li> <li>rugby</li> <li>lacrosse</li> <li>baseball</li> <li>biking or cycling</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="diagnosis" data-rowname="Diagnosis" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>How is a concussion diagnosed?</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>Contact your doctor if you have concussion symptoms after a blow to your head, neck, or body. He or she will want to know how you got hurt. He or she may test your senses, balance, reflexes, memory, and thinking. Your doctor may order tests to scan your brain. These include computed tomography, also known as a CT scan. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, is another test. These scans take pictures of your brain, and check for bleeding, swelling, or fractures.</p> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="prevention" data-rowname="Prevention" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>Can a concussion be prevented or avoided?</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>There’s no guaranteed way to prevent concussions. However, you can lower your risk.</p> <ul> <li>Learn proper techniques for your sport or activity.</li> <li>Follow all safety rules.</li> <li>Use the right protective gear in sports. Make sure it fits and is in good condition.</li> <li>Wear a seatbelt in the car.</li> <li>Wear a helmet on a bicycle and motorcycle.</li> <li>Keep your house free of hazards that could cause trips or falls.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="treatment" data-rowname="Treatment" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>Concussion treatment</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>If you have a concussion, your brain needs time to heal. It’s important to get plenty of rest. Take a break from physical activities. You also should take a mental rest. This means no reading, watching TV, or using a phone or computer. You may need to stay home from work or school for a while. Talk to your doctor about when you can return to your normal routine.</p> <p>While you recover you should:</p> <ul> <li>Drink plenty of fluids, such as water.</li> <li>Eat healthy foods.</li> <li>Get enough sleep.</li> <li>Avoid alcohol.</li> <li>Avoid operating vehicles or machines.</li> <li>Avoid activities that may worsen symptoms or affect your balance. These include being on airplanes, trains, or boats.</li> <li>Ask your doctor about taking any medicines.</li> </ul> <p>When you have a concussion, your emotions may change. You may feel frustrated, angry, sad, or confused. Tell your doctor, family, and friends what you’re feeling. They can help provide support.</p> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="everyday-life" data-rowname="Everyday Life" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>Living with a concussion</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p>Most people get better after a concussion and don’t have lasting brain damage. However, the injury does put you at risk of post-concussion syndrome (PCS). PCS can cause symptoms to last for months or years. Ongoing memory problems are an example.</p> <p>Don’t return to activities before making a full recovery. A second blow to the head, even a minor one, can be dangerous. You could get a rare condition called second impact syndrome. This is rapid brain swelling that can lead to death.</p> <p>Having one concussion puts you at risk for future ones. The more concussions you have, the worse they can be. Brain damage can build up and cause other brain injuries.</p> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="questions" data-rowname="Questions" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>Questions to ask your doctor</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <ul> <li>Could I have a concussion without knowing it?</li> <li>Are there any medicines I can take to make my symptoms go away?</li> <li>What should I do if my symptoms get worse?</li> <li>When can I return to my normal routine, including sports?</li> <li>If I’ve had a concussion, what is my risk of having another one?</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> <section id="resources" data-rowname="Resources" data-header-style="" class="row fw-row"> <div class="spb-row-container spb-row-full-width-contained col-sm-12 text-standard" data-v-center="false" data-top-style="none" data-bottom-style="none" style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;"> <div class="spb_content_element clearfix" style=""> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <h2>Resources</h2> </div> </div> </div></section> <section class="container"><div class="row"> <div class="spb_content_element col-sm-12 spb_text_column"> <div class="spb-asset-content" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"> <p><a href="https://familydoctor.org/concussions-in-kids/">American Academy of Family Physicians: Concussions in Kids</a></p> <p><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/basics/index.html">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Brain Injury Basics</a></p> </div> </div> </div></section> </div> </div></section> </div> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="post-footer-info"> <p>Last Updated: <time datetime="2019-11-13" class="post-date updated">November 13, 2019</time></p> <p>This article was contributed by: <span rel="author"><span class="vcard author post-author"><span class="fn">familydoctor.org editorial staff</span></span></span></p> <div class='article-categories'>Categories: <span class='category'><a href="https://familydoctor.org/category/family-health/" rel="tag">Family Health</a></span></div><div class='article-tags'>Tags: <span class='tag'><a href="https://familydoctor.org/tag/cerebral-contusion/" rel="tag">cerebral contusion</a></span>, <span class='tag'><a href="https://familydoctor.org/tag/concussion/" rel="tag">concussion</a></span>, <span class='tag'><a href="https://familydoctor.org/tag/dizziness/" rel="tag">dizziness</a></span>, <span class='tag'><a href="https://familydoctor.org/tag/headache/" rel="tag">headache</a></span></div><span class="hide" itemprop="cause" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalCause"><meta itemprop="name" content="football"><meta itemprop="name" content="basketball"><meta itemprop="name" content="soccer"><meta itemprop="name" content="rugby"><meta itemprop="name" content="lacrosse"><meta itemprop="name" content="baseball"><meta itemprop="name" content="biking or cycling"></span><span class="hide" itemprop="signOrSymptom" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalSymptom"><meta itemprop="name" content="Headache or pressure in your head."><meta itemprop="name" content="Trouble focusing."><meta itemprop="name" content="Memory loss."><meta itemprop="name" content="Dazed appearance."><meta itemprop="name" content="Confusion."><meta itemprop="name" content="Dizziness or balance problems."><meta itemprop="name" content="Blurry vision."><meta itemprop="name" content="Trouble hearing."><meta itemprop="name" content="Slow response to questions."><meta itemprop="name" content="Nausea and/or vomiting."><meta itemprop="name" content="Sensitivity to light or noise."><meta itemprop="name" content="Changes in mood or behavior."><meta itemprop="name" content="Changes in sleep, including trouble falling asleep or sleeping more than usual."><meta itemprop="name" content="Symptoms that get worse, such as headache."><meta itemprop="name" content="Frequent vomiting."><meta itemprop="name" content="Inability to wake up."><meta itemprop="name" content="Ongoing confusion."><meta itemprop="name" content="Trouble speaking, walking, or making eye contact."><meta itemprop="name" content="Weakness or numbness in your arms or legs."><meta itemprop="name" content="Loss of consciousness."><meta itemprop="name" content="Seizures."></span><span class="hide" itemprop="primaryPrevention" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy"><meta itemprop="name" content="Learn proper techniques for your sport or activity."><meta itemprop="name" content="Follow all safety rules."><meta itemprop="name" content="Use the right protective gear in sports. Make sure it fits and is in good condition."><meta itemprop="name" content="Wear a seatbelt in the car."><meta itemprop="name" content="Wear a helmet on a bicycle and motorcycle."><meta itemprop="name" content="Keep your house free of hazards that could cause trips or falls."></span><span class="hide" itemprop="possibleTreatment" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/MedicalTherapy"><meta itemprop="name" content="Drink plenty of fluids, such as water."><meta itemprop="name" content="Eat healthy foods."><meta itemprop="name" content="Get enough sleep."><meta itemprop="name" content="Avoid alcohol."><meta itemprop="name" content="Avoid operating vehicles or machines."><meta itemprop="name" content="Avoid activities that may worsen symptoms or affect your balance. These include being on airplanes, trains, or boats."><meta itemprop="name" content="Ask your doctor about taking any medicines."></span> </div> <div class="content-copyright"><p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-20248 lazyload" data-src="https://familydoctor.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/144139945-cd6058b9-3483-4769-aa61-c10c4ea11dea-1-e1643067731453.png" alt="familydoctor.org logo" width="164" height="40" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 164px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 164/40;" /></p> <p>Copyright © American Academy of Family Physicians</p> <p><i>This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. 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