CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913522a77812a042',cH: 'K6NmjLdLAohWXKYlIRI626tOisJZldsi9E5PUlWz3Ig-1739788575-1.2.1.1-RtpGckDBUQVXXl385udMw6eZ.Z3d8_h6wdIIxuBhEmtocc.fy7cad8.TWFFHIXJS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Thai%20brand%20equity&__cf_chl_tk=RldNvrzWD1vL9hmhjNoPuIBsqodkubIU_QgXJXRznSA-1739788575-1.0.1.1-TsjCM80N1Spv8kwTvmg9zjEQR0Qly0v5vmCAZoDUock",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739788575',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Thai%20brand%20equity&__cf_chl_f_tk=RldNvrzWD1vL9hmhjNoPuIBsqodkubIU_QgXJXRznSA-1739788575-1.0.1.1-TsjCM80N1Spv8kwTvmg9zjEQR0Qly0v5vmCAZoDUock",md: "Nm82CyccQU5nWafK5o7o8.iGUDVMwkJGbsPnI.XIObg-1739788575-1.2.1.1-3o9vuWCR2FIA7wrSVhbi1gVoeyOjGOWKADbUs3MtOqFvBsHL5wPWR35PIXefwdOY58TBcKi76g034wCjJgtlf6ead5HoS4mliCsL44IeSmlAM_Uxf18AjGyfwMhlIMmzyZt06bK1An_aYAP8BgBzQhUf4CLRSwBrDczh12J6Wa6HxUDmOSlNoX2ivDvMExCadAnvNCVKDNkH.0wjukpKTaxPmyfWMtlmeBK.x5eJTGmsP431tLNRB_luyVBSFGYagXLkHZ.aEDT.185U4xNkKTThjQpu1mtYssgUcZnq4r4Cx9r9DHfQRR_RbdMwTPR.mDnzLrd6jm.i.AMAnOy3h.W8aahJrdmxpn7.INyYx.s_nSmL.w8dLgufU6vbTmVpJr9J5ZUurPPeJeN8tcnAtGqVqWWB0CcbzUoKNGyzzOp.OMfcVYbvwWO6AeatXa4YhSLddgtNpN1xoU_CEr9z2WEA5FW1XCEorKh47Iz5r1_fT6H6tQS1FWBlu2MevjGPIgy_7pkLAy_PvpTAxg58eQP_Jdoruv7dG2ejqqG7lPEuTgF7CveGJOx7EG_jogU4u4qjB8JgSNOWQVDJyZQwxvDdERjfZTPqJzK2bQBErcavEdZ8U9uw.xFkN.pQYuoj444FbV46u5.rFrk.fWORxgAzNpsAKAZlRvbASu_ocXwiYzr7VrFKBWZYyTB1vrr93onOKzb36LJl1J4hFr_C3mAYQZXoU.xMEMHAIAY7Mp19.0D94eYL1qBmAhndGg0Q4KhufInuM0Srp3P_L8yuzU6WFVJLltBKGqeXRuINoVgo0OrGXv7mdbVtNSmQkdNDJWQSVrqmVkz1J5ykw12StLJmoV1GlsI.gxjQc6YlcckGU.SL6XsreLMJwqbeZKU_.ZJ4iCwlANz9XsQKME5JJ4r3nFBaPMt2qnrrqCviwaJhjRwgymKgPNBZBM_eIu8DAUWMviZMXHkfIIrJeuHrcxySZdu0a4AhE4hqTVjvDQ4BXW0bQJU3oMStqdvOzM.dNePm3fKvsR6842AES1R6WzZPaU1I4JnyAa7Rix.Hrze772a07eTBAgsFhPlLMWrzVrHOBeNbOweuciZtODqCuosOEgWmjMOaKwXAZkBjvgqqieGAr1wAy4uuUKr_PAgQ8adDyQEUEaZfj5jrzMCFlmHBWbZ2lsDzOSIVUcPAvTSagIbF7LlbinF0it.Wvve95FgHf264W_fJY89iibPD0rImEKsAqgsJThn22AcMW2TWYU2kiytaqmzzJpcs8mTKTgqWbdAMqmIGbo8vRtzGPUCZuJXJKDbQdXLuqbl31N0HwDTr1jYzJmu.xM_KYXKsYSp3CvQB5LKfSfq8My99qjmtSJFo_voDU95zW7JVXiL7vXTdn.lrVYmq7CVVJUKbTlAU7WgFM7B1QRFyn5i1FKOl.HB7a41ex.bMHZUWE94IRMe1lJWf7ZeRsSD8EJisA6A8gnZJV3NpOHLsFFFC1YixabnOEZIpfAwPFS5elT3gEI6.55H9JGoLMxjYshYZ9M4uLmLn9mdKaBZSjnBw744zximuY6lB5fxf9Zbg_W6mrXD8rPESGlrh6JDh2bXpHrJc1COv03TjHKl6tTtk4TsMupBsGZhTzRi_amYmheMMHTAc3cxUxqrUP2uSw4CCKqlRsjx_w8zF52kfuT64cvxxpz09yHCf4uha029IeZf8qhHx4TaoY9S5.bAXD1_62pxzASi3i9PoeseAOe0MwkKxem0POz9B1pBDy6hFf_cUvyMLLkw4rdoetrpP65psYN09tMFobGGKncCBdrdr9ITaU3XGBpE90..Pq.iRnzjnwAtvaqGgTaR3lj8.zeuZfcHkqVRMWPOnyeXK8syty3NaJtfxbQX4SepG9oytaUoKRWi2z0c8._J4WbXPUvcnOKWkNxTpsDkbmqK5MEYM4bxAcKWPYgYd3qGO5n9_y44N_SNBkpzY49EZZ9UOlxIA",mdrd: "6Ck4AveLkwds_dyUCO.5aWpdUd8DSCCbfV9YcwLdlSQ-1739788575-1.2.1.1-JOHDcdfwjk.Y9QDlYpm.ocI6iheqtYsXq2AYEQbCVe4qlnyUsy2SKnC9vTWIxGLpUHvw2KzC3r3_nHbq2cq8WVm8v225QtS7t5ewYvMAmWbvmcPiK5uKl6KhwRk2w41COAyhtX1N15fXOzjD5omwMSCfxeCnSo6tS78N0tSMOElpB2M.Af3oHf1nlxK8x7CPUG2WCda5XR6FwMMTm0R4BYWszAvktA4wXiGbKgSvxBmEvlEbBfQyEznbq8Qs5q3wRe157QnbhRxFjK_h.i5dRWANbyORnYjm779NzmHGUc5KVREsh5qwwV5zlNHFD5wKjlBKaYUJzgmZc7fJD5d530jBItDJDhYnnPMFJ0ngkGLVwrzw9JgDabVA8a_hSV35pL42oYhLhItf9hnEJZWr2rX5DsF7QMxU7WPhYUnxa17dQcKoMx1hGrBIoXDPokJPQXhg0Ww5wAk2khhi_BNvbs.rOjQliab3Wpx.dYSwYqghori0R5.fHu0Ba0yfDjfe.Sek7gTVOmsefc7YUPzFgaI7TWGT8CIe0qnqEtn9Vt_gvaFyhajhtDUwgh6MQzvQgOozF3sKuNty0A8BnpK5Uh1NRjGhH8Kqpk.eY9NRf2Bt36p30N5339zrk1CkfUpVyYLFXx9xfcMkHAJvWNk9QVz4ZllS__gPrgo1Ck0FLsoQ9ja2oMkxbMMae0DFSZe39vypvTmj0F_E_d8okrOvxe7_9U4c42ARXbSB5qNXQQsFy582yaRI5SlFqWhrfJdm1yv3YnUlVOd_F1H.wB2lvmdENjGLT0HiSTVfTQwOkSQDpLhHkSPXj_4b7YVMz6OxR74jYRRZC6kqlURMVGteAKvbOvsVZZNimc0Ej0zSv992PuwEo4BMXjmm94QC0k55E7gZ3dEDUt4GKuyEsQeFZNeBiDCgkNrx8a_yWcIbzP.VnE1pRHXGWmVLERNnUnpvbvTiudAGaWTis4I2dNFjkNx8mAWjXHqGDWJ5a_XAYncl65yA3rPIdTUIhE6DL.svLB_.H4uD2NGVHgvi2wGdIkaHFEt_oMdMOBSvySM1C7JNl_PKbLgdmlbyNQ57lKgcC579E4IFw2X8C5yVzMuwcfAFRGx71AMQmau7wB6d9DgxYmUEtX54QhViZczdjaqo0ihHK1xyw58e_MfoivHwv0WD4OwgIUgXvSXN5TR.BNqia9aYk80cnOfDwbkyWzPSfGV4Q3k5N2B0iyxrY0JoiLvNfOlXbuQTKQBR1CLKgz.7gspCv8fLPbL4y4DdJfgJZlCk4dxSinuo_4tB4XtpSYdJ1zKuyb0bAFJ3RsyWewV_0TiqsRvp0HCDM.AhD.4OlkSTIpRZxG8q_EZuva2.OjqSxjgJw0jl5sqW0Nz9DOb3Z0sNRui1pZonaW6MCwEiWnOuHjTlAVHlIfRQ_p8RJVgkH7Pk0sAtKGuTke6rnLYGWmYXYEYKBnnr5a1vIXHcpUyJ.6KMmMXpGujZSh7vM5zPg2sZ2B637sJaN5lf3sAwl2h7ApEKbVDLkDbxTtLO0AJUFvFRt3KS.fy6oqPZ9t0EFFTCuJedmIDNuWnjSuPm7FmhTuvUR.HJOZGP2c7PY71DRB61UHPP03zHX.5YJQwPY_Ne3sXe7r82TJ.X4Hwu3HaDnT1PXU5i1f4AZN9d2CNGOOD659QTQgBfETpvNB.ZsmvwSYF0sETc2T2z3rF3rn5hzOFo3X9_aIBtHT.on9YfR3UlgOntXTQY7oMTgDbr56evj9nKY_X.yvNgE_GWAS0G8rxnK0HYarQK6c1qBtSB6Na4xtR10t1gjTGWmON13DWbDj2mHaemVPQAWrTZaY_1MF13.tkvrdlentkmbN6_hhcfNKMVClFc26nYY1sNWMI1uRPesSyYTv7ezHCAhotdev7VwptP0sOqzQXsYmDk5kIxTFFXxviQoZUO7KQ2o95wQkbtiugLdm5LriougxR2uGF6ZDUlaQEsKUBp0HY0DyO5wDRm80UMZc07mQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913522a77812a042';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Thai%20brand%20equity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=RldNvrzWD1vL9hmhjNoPuIBsqodkubIU_QgXJXRznSA-1739788575-1.0.1.1-TsjCM80N1Spv8kwTvmg9zjEQR0Qly0v5vmCAZoDUock" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>