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class="vector-toc-link" href="#His_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>His works</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-His_works-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle His works subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-His_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalam_and_Fiqh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalam_and_Fiqh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Kalam and Fiqh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalam_and_Fiqh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mechanics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mechanics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Mechanics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mechanics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Linguistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ali Qushji</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="القوشجي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القوشجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fli_Qu%C5%9F%C3%A7u" title="Əli Quşçu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əli Quşçu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%86%D9%88" title="علی قوشچو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="علی قوشچو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qushj%C3%AD" title="Ali Qushjí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ali Qushjí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BFAl%C4%AB_al-Q%C5%ABschdsch%C4%AB" title="ʿAlī al-Qūschdschī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="ʿAlī al-Qūschdschī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ali Qushji" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="علی بن محمد سمرقندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علی بن محمد سمرقندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Quchtchi" title="Ali Quchtchi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ali Quchtchi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Ali_al-Qushji" title="'Ali al-Qushji – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="'Ali al-Qushji" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ალი ყუშჯი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალი ყუშჯი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D3%99%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D3%98%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Ала әд-Дин Әли әл-Құсшы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ала әд-Дин Әли әл-Құсшы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%AE_Q%C3%BB%C5%9Fc%C3%AE" title="Elî Qûşcî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Elî Qûşcî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ali Qushji" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ali Qushji" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Q%C3%BBshdji" title="Al-Qûshdji – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Al-Qûshdji" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Qushchi" title="Ali Qushchi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ali Qushchi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="علی قوشجی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="علی قوشجی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Cusji" title="Ali Cusji – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ali Cusji" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8" title="Али аль-Кушчи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Али аль-Кушчи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Ku%C5%A1%C4%8Di" title="Ali Kušči – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ali Kušči" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%95%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%86%DB%8C" title="عەلی قوشچی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="عەلی قوشچی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mula_Ali_Ku%C5%A1%C4%87i" title="Mula Ali Kušći – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mula Ali Kušći" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D2%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D3%A3" title="Алии Қушчӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алии Қушчӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Ku%C5%9F%C3%A7u" title="Ali Kuşçu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ali Kuşçu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D1%87%D1%96" title="Алі аль-Кушчі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алі аль-Кушчі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="علی قوشجی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علی قوشجی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Turkish astronomer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="fn">Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Ku%C5%9F%C3%A7u_Portre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Ali_Ku%C5%9F%C3%A7u_Portre.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="269" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="269" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1403 CE<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1474 CE<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman era">Ottoman era</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creed</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Maturidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Maturidi">Maturidi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a> (Islamic <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>), <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a> (Islamic <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a>), <a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Falkiat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">Mathematics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adud_al-Din_al-Iji" title="Adud al-Din al-Iji">Adud al-Din al-Iji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Jurjani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Mirim_%C3%87elebi" title="Mirim Çelebi">Mirim Çelebi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Qunawi" title="Muhammad al-Qunawi">Muhammad al-Qunawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed</b> (1403 – 18 December 1474<sup id="cite_ref-Saliba_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saliba-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), known as <b>Ali Qushji</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a> : علی قوشچی, <i>kuşçu</i> – <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>; <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <i>Ali Kushgii</i>) was a <a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a> <a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Islamic_theology" title="Schools of Islamic theology">theologian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti">jurist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic astronomy">astronomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic mathematics">mathematician</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic physics">physicist</a>, who settled in the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> some time before 1472.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a disciple of <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg" title="Ulugh Beg">Ulugh Beg</a>, he is best known for the development of <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astronomical physics</a> independent from <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a>, and for providing <a href="/wiki/Empirical_evidence" title="Empirical evidence">empirical evidence</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation" title="Earth's rotation">Earth's rotation</a> in his treatise, <i>Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy</i>. In addition to his contributions to <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg" title="Ulugh Beg">Ulugh Beg</a>'s famous work <a href="/wiki/Zij-i-Sultani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zij-i-Sultani">Zij-i-Sultani</a> and to the founding of <a href="/wiki/Sahn-%C4%B1_Seman_Medrese" title="Sahn-ı Seman Medrese">Sahn-ı Seman Medrese</a>, one of the first centers for the study of various traditional Islamic sciences in the Ottoman Empire, Ali Kuşçu was also the author of several scientific works and textbooks on astronomy.<sup id="cite_ref-gabor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gabor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Ku%C5%9F%C3%A7unun_Mezar_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Ali_Ku%C5%9F%C3%A7unun_Mezar_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="340" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Ali Qushji's 15th-century tombstone located in the Eyüpsultan Mosque cemetery in Istanbul</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_works">Early life and works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ali Kuşçu was born in 1403 in the city of <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, in present-day <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>. His full name at birth was <b>Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed al-Qushji</b>. The last name <i>Qushji</i> derived from the Turkish term <i>kuşçu</i>—"falconer"<sup id="cite_ref-vlahakis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vlahakis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—due to the fact that Ali's father Muhammad was the royal <a href="/wiki/Falconry" title="Falconry">falconer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg" title="Ulugh Beg">Ulugh Beg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gabor_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gabor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sources consider him <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a><sup id="cite_ref-peacock_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peacock-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-A._Russell,_The_1994,_p._162_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A._Russell,_The_1994,_p._162-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG/225px-Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG/338px-Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG/450px-Ulugh_Beg_observatory.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Ulugh Beg Observatory – Landmark of Ali Qushji's career</figcaption></figure> <p>He attended the courses of <a href="/wiki/Qadi_Zada_al-Rumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Qadi Zada al-Rumi">Qazi zadeh Rumi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamsh%C4%ABd_al-K%C4%81sh%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamshīd al-Kāshī">Ghiyāth al-Dīn Jamshīd Kāshānī</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muin_al-D%C4%ABn_Kashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muin al-Dīn Kashi (page does not exist)">Muin al-Dīn Kashi</a>. He moved to <a href="/wiki/Kerman,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerman, Iran">Kerman, Iran</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a>), where he conducted some research on storms in the <a href="/wiki/Oman_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Oman sea">Oman sea</a>. He completed <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hall-e_Eshkal-i_Ghammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hall-e Eshkal-i Ghammar (page does not exist)">Hall-e Eshkal-i Ghammar</a></i> (<i>Explanations of the Periods of the Moon</i>) and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sharh-e_Tajrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sharh-e Tajrid (page does not exist)">Sharh-e Tajrid</a></i> in Kirman. He moved to Herat and taught <a href="/w/index.php?title=Molla_Cami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molla Cami (page does not exist)">Molla Cami</a> about astronomy (1423). After professing in Herat for a while, he returned to Samarkand. There he presented his work on the Moon to Ulugh Beg, who found it so fascinating that he read the entire work while standing up. Ulugh Beg assigned him to <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg_Observatory" title="Ulugh Beg Observatory">Ulugh Beg Observatory</a>, which was called Samarkand Observatory at that time. Qushji worked there until Ulugh Beg was assassinated.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Ulugh Beg's death, Ali Kuşçu went to Herat, <a href="/wiki/Tashkent" title="Tashkent">Tashkent</a>, and finally <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a> where, around 1470, the <a href="/wiki/Ak_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ak Koyunlu">Ak Koyunlu</a> ruler <a href="/wiki/Uzun_Hasan" title="Uzun Hasan">Uzun Hasan</a> sent him as a delegate to the Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a>. At that time <a href="/wiki/Husayn_Bayqarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Husayn Bayqarah">Husayn Bayqarah</a> had come to reign in Herat but Qushji preferred Constantinople over Herat because of Sultan Mehmed's attitude toward scientists and intellectuals. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Constantinople_era">Constantinople era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Constantinople era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When he came to Constantinople (present-day <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>), his grandson Ghutb al-Dīn Muhammed had a son <a href="/wiki/Mirim_%C3%87elebi" title="Mirim Çelebi">Mirim Çelebi</a> who would be a great mathematician and astronomer in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ali Kuşçu composed "risalah dar hay’at" in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> for <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> at Constantinople in 1470.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also he wrote "Sharh e resalye Fathiyeh",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "resalye Mohammadiye" in Constantinople, which are in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> on the topic of mathematics. He then finished "Sharh e tejrid" on <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a>'s "Tejrid al-kalam". That work is called "Sharh e Jadid" in scientific community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contributions_to_astronomy">Contributions to astronomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contributions to astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_al-Qushji.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ali_al-Qushji.JPG/350px-Ali_al-Qushji.JPG" decoding="async" width="350" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ali_al-Qushji.JPG/525px-Ali_al-Qushji.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ali_al-Qushji.JPG/700px-Ali_al-Qushji.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>Papers from Ali Qushji's scientific works.</figcaption></figure> <p>Qushji improved on <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a>'s planetary model and presented an alternative planetary model for <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also one of the astronomers that were part of <a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg" title="Ulugh Beg">Ulugh Beg</a>'s team of researchers working at the <a href="/wiki/Samarqand" class="mw-redirect" title="Samarqand">Samarqand</a> <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> and contributed towards the <i><a href="/wiki/Zij-i-Sultani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zij-i-Sultani">Zij-i-Sultani</a></i> compiled there. In addition to his contributions to Zij, Ali Kuşçu wrote nine works in astronomy, two of them in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and seven in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gabor_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gabor-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> translation of two of Qushji's works, the <i>Tract on Arithmetic</i> and <i>Tract on Astronomy</i>, was published by <a href="/wiki/John_Greaves" title="John Greaves">John Greaves</a> in 1650. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concerning_the_Supposed_Dependence_of_Astronomy_upon_Philosophy"><i>Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png/220px-Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png/330px-Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png/440px-Ali_Qushji_map_travels.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>His travel to the Ottoman Empire.</figcaption></figure> <p>Qushji's most important astronomical work is <i>Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy</i>. Under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Islamic_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic theology">Islamic theologians</a> who opposed the interference of <a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a> in astronomy, Qushji rejected <a href="/wiki/Aristotelian_physics" title="Aristotelian physics">Aristotelian physics</a> and completely separated <a href="/wiki/Natural_philosophy" title="Natural philosophy">natural philosophy</a> from <a href="/wiki/Islamic_astronomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic astronomy">Islamic astronomy</a>, allowing astronomy to become a purely <a href="/wiki/Empirical" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirical">empirical</a> and mathematical science. This allowed him to explore alternatives to the Aristotelian notion of a stationary Earth, as he explored the idea of a moving Earth instead (though <a href="/wiki/Emilie_Savage-Smith" title="Emilie Savage-Smith">Emilie Savage-Smith</a> asserts that no Islamic astronomers proposed a heliocentric universe<sup id="cite_ref-Savage-Smith-2008_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savage-Smith-2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). He found <a href="/wiki/Empirical_research" title="Empirical research">empirical evidence</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation" title="Earth's rotation">Earth's rotation</a> through his observation on <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a> and concluded, on the basis of empirical evidence rather than speculative philosophy, that the moving Earth theory is just as likely to be true as the stationary Earth theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Ragep_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragep-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His predecessor al-Tusi had previously realized that "the monoformity of falling bodies, and the uniformity of celestial motions," both moved "in a single way", though he still relied on Aristotelian physics to provide "certain principles that only the natural philosophers could provide the astronomer." Qushji took this concept further and proposed that "the astronomer had no need for Aristotelian physics and in fact should establish his own physical principles independently of the natural philosophers." Alongside his rejection of Aristotle's concept of a stationary Earth,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qushji suggested that there was no need for astronomers to follow the Aristotelian notion of the heavenly bodies moving in <a href="/wiki/Uniform_circular_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform circular motion">uniform circular motion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Savage-Smith-2008_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savage-Smith-2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qushji's work was an important step away from Aristotelian physics and towards an independent <a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astronomical physics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ragep-139_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragep-139-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is considered to be a "conceptual revolution"<sup id="cite_ref-Savage-Smith-2008_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Savage-Smith-2008-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ragep-139_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ragep-139-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that had no precedent in European astronomy prior to the <a href="/wiki/Copernican_Revolution" title="Copernican Revolution">Copernican Revolution</a> in the 16th century.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qushji's view on the Earth's motion was similar to the later views of <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a> on this issue, though it is uncertain whether the former had any influence on the latter. However, it is likely that they both may have arrived at similar conclusions due to using the earlier work of <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a> as a basis. This is more of a possibility considering "the remarkable coincidence between a passage in <i>De revolutionibus</i> (I.8) and one in Ṭūsī’s <i>Tadhkira</i> (II.1[6]) in which Copernicus follows Ṭūsī’s objection to Ptolemy’s "proofs" of the Earth's immobility."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="His_works">His works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: His works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astronomy">Astronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sharḥ e Zîj e Ulugh Beg (In Persian)</li> <li>Risāla fī Halle Eshkale Moadeleye Ghamar lil-Masir (Arabic)</li> <li>Risāla fī aṣl al-Hâric yumkin fī al-sufliyyeyn (Arabic)</li> <li>Sharḥ ʿalā al-tuḥfat al-shāhiyya fī al-hayāt (Arabic)</li> <li>Risāla dar elm-i ḥeyāt (In Persian)</li> <li><i>Al-Fatḥīya fī ʿilm al-hayʾa</i> (in Arabic)</li> <li>Risāla fi Hall-e Eshkal-i Ghammar (in Persian)</li> <li><i>Concerning the Supposed Dependence of Astronomy upon Philosophy</i> (Arabic)</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Risāla al-muḥhammadiyya fi-ḥisāb (In Arabic)</li> <li>Risāla dār ʿilm al-ḥisāb: Suleymaniye (Arabic)</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kalam_and_Fiqh"><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a> and Fiqh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kalam and Fiqh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Maturidi" title="Category:Maturidi">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg/260px-Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg/390px-Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg/520px-Imammaturidi_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1613" data-file-height="2074" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption">Mausoleum of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Imam al-Maturidi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:gold"> Background</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanafi_Fiqh" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi Fiqh">Hanafi Fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maturidis" title="List of Maturidis">Eminent scholars</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333/944)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 373/983)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493/1100)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508/1114)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. 522/1128)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534/1139)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537/1142)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 569/1173)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580/1184)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593/1197)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690/1291)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710/1310)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747/1346)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786/1384)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841/1437)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d.855/1451)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861/1455)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863/1459)<br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qushji" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali al-Qushji">Ali al-Qushji</a> (d.879/1474)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal_Pasha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Kemal Pasha">Ibn Kemal Pasha</a> (d. 940/1534)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982/1574)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_%27Ali_al-Qari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulla 'Ali al-Qari">Mulla 'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014/1606)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi Pruščak</a> (d. 1025/1616)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_al-Sirhindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad al-Sirhindi">Ahmad al-Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034/1624)<br /></li> <li>'<a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">Abdul Hakim Sialkoti</a> (d. 1067/1657)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. ca. 1067/1657)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. ca. 1122/1710)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27il_Haqqi_al-Burusawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Isma'il Haqqi al-Burusawi">Isma'il Haqqi al-Burusawi</a> (d. 1137/1725)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1144/1731)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161/1748)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Chih/Liu Zhi</a> (d. ca. 1177/1764)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205/1791)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz_Dehlavi" title="Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi">Shah 'Abdul 'Aziz Dehlawi</a> (d. 1239/1824)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_%27Abidin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn 'Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252/1836)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257/1841)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fadl al-Haqq al-Khayrabadi</a> (d. 1278/1861)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291/1874)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Ghani_al-Maydani" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298/1880)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304/1887)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297/1880)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanawtawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi</a> (d. 1317/1899)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323/1905)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1339/1921)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_al-Saharanpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346/1927)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352/1933)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361/1942)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_%27Ali_al-Thanawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashraf 'Ali al-Thanawi">Ashraf 'Ali al-Thanawi</a> (d. 1362/1943)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1364/1944)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Aazmi" title="Amjad Ali Aazmi">Amjad Ali Aazmi</a> (d. 1948)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem-ud-Deen_Muradabadi" title="Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi">Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi</a> (d. 1948)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_%27Uthmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabbir Ahmad 'Uthmani">Shabbir Ahmad 'Uthmani</a> (d.1369/1949)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371/1951)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1374/1954)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Husayn Ahmad Madani">Husayn Ahmad Madani</a> (d. 1377/1957)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ahmad_Chishti" title="Sardar Ahmad Chishti">Sardar Ahmad Chishti</a> (d. 1962)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Yusuf al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1384/1965)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a> (d. 1970)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Idris_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Idris al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Idris al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1394/1974)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_%27Uthmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zafar Ahmad 'Uthmani">Zafar Ahmad 'Uthmani</a> (d. 1394/1974)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Ansari" title="Fazlur Rahman Ansari">Fazlur Rahman Ansari</a> (d. 1974)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Banuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yusuf Banuri">Muhammad Yusuf Banuri</a> (d. 1397/1977)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raza_Khan" title="Hamid Raza Khan">Hamid Raza Khan</a> (d. 1970)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a> (d. 1970)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Raza_Khan_Qadri" title="Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri">Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri</a> (d. 1981)<br /></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402/1982)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qari_Muhammad_Tayyib" class="mw-redirect" title="Qari Muhammad Tayyib">Qari Muhammad Tayyib</a> (d. 1403/1983)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Ahmad Saeed Kazmi">Ahmad Saeed Kazmi</a> (d. 1986)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-A%27zami" title="Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami">Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami</a> (d. 1412/1992)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Waqaruddin_Qadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Waqaruddin Qadri">Muhammad Waqaruddin Qadri</a> (d. 1993)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shujaat_Ali_Qadri" title="Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri">Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri</a> (d. 1993)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbi_Sulayman_Ghawji" title="Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji">Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji</a> (d. 1434/2013)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Raza_Khan" title="Akhtar Raza Khan">Akhtar Raza Khan</a> (d. 2018)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443/2021)<br /></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Maturidi_literature" title="Category:Maturidi literature">Theological works</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqida_al-Tahawiyya" title="Al-Aqida al-Tahawiyya">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">Al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya</a></i><br /></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Institutions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Maturidi_International_Scientific_Research_Center" title="Imam Maturidi International Scientific Research Center">Imam Maturidi Research Centre</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Nadwatul_Ulama" title="Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama">Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Nizamia" title="Jamia Nizamia">Jamia Nizamia</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Jamiatul_Ashrafia" title="Al Jamiatul Ashrafia">Al Jamiatul Ashrafia</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamiatur_Raza" title="Jamiatur Raza">Jamiatur Raza</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Naeemia_Lahore" title="Jamia Naeemia Lahore">Jamia Naeemia Lahore</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Events</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 International Islamic Conference</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-bottom:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; white-space:nowrap; font-size:12.5px; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; font-variant: small-caps;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sunni_Islamic_branches" title="Category:Sunni Islamic branches">Related groups</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist" style="border-top:solid 1px #aaa;"> <dl><dt>Classic</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'aris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Modern</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deobandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandis">Deobandis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelwis" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelwis">Barelwis</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" 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title="Category:Maturidi">Category</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="padding-top:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidism" title="Template:Maturidism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Maturidism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Maturidism (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <li>Sharh <a href="/wiki/Tajrid_al-I%27tiqad" title="Tajrid al-I'tiqad">Tajrid al-I'tiqad</a></li> <li>Hashiye ale't-Telvîh</li> <li>Unkud-üz-Zevahir fi Nazm-al-Javaher</li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mechanics">Mechanics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mechanics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tazkare fi Âlâti'r-Ruhâniyye</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linguistics">Linguistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Linguistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sharh Risâleti'l-Vadiyye</li> <li>El-Ifsâh</li> <li>El-Unkûdu'z-Zevâhir fî Nazmi'l-Javâher</li> <li>Sharh e'Sh-Shâfiye</li> <li>Resale fî Beyâni Vadi'l-Mufredât</li> <li>Fâ'ide li-Tahkîki Lâmi't-Ta'rîf</li> <li>Resale mâ Ene Kultu</li> <li>Resale fî'l-Hamd</li> <li>Resale fî Ilmi'l-Me'ânî</li> <li>Resale fî Bahsi'l-Mufred</li> <li>Resale fî'l-Fenni's-Sânî min Ilmihal-Beyân</li> <li>Tafsir e-Bakara ve Âli Imrân</li> <li>Risâle fî'l-İstişâre</li> <li>Mahbub-al-Hamail fi kashf-al-mesail</li> <li>Tajrid-al-Kalam</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Saliba-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Saliba_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSaliba2012" class="citation book cs1">Saliba, George (2012). "Chapter 9: Al-Qushjī's Reform of the Ptolemaic Model for Mercury". In Iqbal, Muzaffar (ed.). <i>Studies in the Making of Islamic Science: Knowledge in Motion</i>. Islam and Science: Historic and Contemporary Perspectives. Vol. 4. Routledge. pp. 177–219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780754629160" title="Special:BookSources/9780754629160"><bdi>9780754629160</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+Al-Qushj%C4%AB%E2%80%99s+Reform+of+the+Ptolemaic+Model+for+Mercury&rft.btitle=Studies+in+the+Making+of+Islamic+Science%3A+Knowledge+in+Motion&rft.series=Islam+and+Science%3A+Historic+and+Contemporary+Perspectives&rft.pages=177-219&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780754629160&rft.aulast=Saliba&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImber1997" class="citation cs2">Imber, Colin (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CR-ZbjDAM0EC&pg=PA9"><i>Ebu's-suůd: the Islamic legal tradition</i></a>, Edinburgh University Press, p. 9, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-0767-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-0767-9"><bdi>978-0-7486-0767-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ebu%27s-su%C5%AFd%3A+the+Islamic+legal+tradition&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-0767-9&rft.aulast=Imber&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCR-ZbjDAM0EC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gabor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gabor_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gabor_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gabor_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÁgostonMasters,_Bruce_Alan2009" class="citation cs2">Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA35"><i>Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire</i></a>, Infobase Publishing, p. 35, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6259-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6259-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-6259-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Ottoman+Empire&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6259-1&rft.aulast=%C3%81goston&rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&rft.au=Masters%2C+Bruce+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQjzYdCxumFcC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vlahakis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vlahakis_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVlahakis2006" class="citation cs2">Vlahakis, George (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LYbbZHvtJi8C&pg=PA75"><i>Imperialism and science: social impact and interaction</i></a>, ABC-CLIO, p. 75, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-673-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-673-2"><bdi>978-1-85109-673-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperialism+and+science%3A+social+impact+and+interaction&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-673-2&rft.aulast=Vlahakis&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLYbbZHvtJi8C%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-peacock-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-peacock_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"During the fifteenth century this method of representing decimal fractions came to be known outside the Islamic world as the Turkish method, after a Turkish colleague of al-Kashi, known as Ali Qushji, who provided an explanation." Joseph, George Gheverghese (2010) <i>The crest of the peacock: non-European roots of mathematics</i> Princeton University Press, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c-xT0KNJp0cC&dq=%22a+Turkish+colleague+of+al-Kashi%2C+known+as+Ali+Qushji%22&pg=PA469">p. 469.</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-13526-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-13526-6">0-691-13526-6</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13526-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13526-7">978-0-691-13526-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A._Russell,_The_1994,_p._162-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-A._Russell,_The_1994,_p._162_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. A. Russell, The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-century England, BRILL, 1994, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09888-7" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09888-7">90-04-09888-7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4H2fESItCVIC&dq=%22This+Persian+author+was+the+son+of+an+official+of+Ulugh+Beg%22&pg=PA162">p. 162</a>; <br />"Greaves quotes from Risala dar 'ilm al-Hay’a of 'Ali b. Muh. 'Ala al-Din Qushji. This Persian author was the son of an official of Ulugh Beg, and also a student of Qadi Zadeh".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osmanlı imparatorluğunun doruğu 16. yüzyıl teknolojisi, Editor Prof. Dr. Kazım Çeçen, Istanbul 1999, Omaş ofset A.Ş.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Akovalı, Z. A. Mansūrov, <i>The role of government and research institutes in the planning of research and development in some Central Asian and Caucasian republics</i>, IOS Press, 2000,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58603-022-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58603-022-1">1-58603-022-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-022-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58603-022-3">978-1-58603-022-3</a>, p.230,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1hoG8O7yuQ0C&dq=%22ali%22+%22mirim+chelebi%22&pg=PA230">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mahārājā Mānasiṃha Pustaka Prakāśa, David Edwin Pingree, ”A descriptive catalogue of the Sanskrit astronomical manuscripts preserved at the Maharaja Man Singh II Museum in Jaipur, India", American Philosophical Society, 2003, p.138;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714021126/http://www.mahaja.com/library/manuscripts/manuscript/741on">"مكتبة المحجة - الرسالة الفتحية في الهيئة البسيطة"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mahaja.com/library/manuscripts/manuscript/741on">the original</a> on 14 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A9+-+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mahaja.com%2Flibrary%2Fmanuscripts%2Fmanuscript%2F741on&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Saliba" title="George Saliba">George Saliba</a>, "Arabic planetary theories after the eleventh century AD", in Rushdī Rāshid and Régis Morelon (1996), <i>Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science</i>, pp. 58–127 [123–124], <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-12410-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-12410-7">0-415-12410-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savage-Smith-2008-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Savage-Smith-2008_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savage-Smith-2008_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savage-Smith-2008_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmilie_Savage-Smith2008" class="citation cs2">Emilie Savage-Smith (November 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shpltd.co.uk/Journal%20for%20the%20History%20of%20Astronomy%20November.pdf">"Islamic Influence on Copernicus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal for the History of Astronomy</i>, <b>39</b> (4): 538–541 [541], <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JHA....39..538S">2008JHA....39..538S</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002182860803900414">10.1177/002182860803900414</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:125819122">125819122</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+History+of+Astronomy&rft.atitle=Islamic+Influence+on+Copernicus&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=538-541+541&rft.date=2008-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A125819122%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002182860803900414&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008JHA....39..538S&rft.au=Emilie+Savage-Smith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shpltd.co.uk%2FJournal%2520for%2520the%2520History%2520of%2520Astronomy%2520November.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ragep-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ragep_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFRagep2001a">Ragep 2001a</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F. Jamil Ragep (2001), "Freeing Astronomy from Philosophy: An Aspect of Islamic Influence on Science", <i>Osiris</i>, 2nd Series, Vol. 16, Science in Theistic Contexts: Cognitive Dimensions, pp. 49–64, 66–71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdith_Dudley_Sylla2003" class="citation cs2">Edith Dudley Sylla (2003), "Creation and nature", in Arthur Stephen McGrade (ed.), <i>The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Philosophy</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 178–179, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00063-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-00063-5"><bdi>978-0-521-00063-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Creation+and+nature&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Medieval+Philosophy&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=178-179&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-00063-5&rft.au=Edith+Dudley+Sylla&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagep2004" class="citation cs2">Ragep, F. Jamil (2004), "Copernicus and his Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks", <i><a href="/wiki/Filozofski_vestnik" title="Filozofski vestnik">Filozofski vestnik</a></i>, <b>XXV</b> (2): 125–142 [138–9]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filozofski+vestnik&rft.atitle=Copernicus+and+his+Islamic+Predecessors%3A+Some+Historical+Remarks&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-142+138-9&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ragep&rft.aufirst=F.+Jamil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ragep-139-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ragep-139_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ragep-139_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagep2004" class="citation cs2">Ragep, F. Jamil (2004), "Copernicus and his Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks", <i>Filozofski Vestnik</i>, <b>XXV</b> (2): 125–142 [139]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filozofski+Vestnik&rft.atitle=Copernicus+and+his+Islamic+Predecessors%3A+Some+Historical+Remarks&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-142+139&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ragep&rft.aufirst=F.+Jamil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Jamil_Ragep2004" class="citation cs2">F. Jamil Ragep (2004), "Copernicus and His Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks", <i>Filozofski Vestnik</i>, <b>XXV</b> (2): 125–142 [139], <q>Clearly there is more to the Copernican revolution than some clever astronomical models that arose in the context of a criticism of Ptolemy. There also needed to be a new conceptualization of astronomy that could allow for an astronomically-based physics. But there is hardly anything like this in the European tradition before Copernicus. The fact that we can find a long, vigorous discussion in Islam of this issue intricately-tied to the question of the Earth's movement should indicate that such a conceptual foundation was there for the borrowing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filozofski+Vestnik&rft.atitle=Copernicus+and+His+Islamic+Predecessors%3A+Some+Historical+Remarks&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-142+139&rft.date=2004&rft.au=F.+Jamil+Ragep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagep2004" class="citation cs2">Ragep, F. Jamil (2004), "Copernicus and his Islamic Predecessors: Some Historical Remarks", <i>Filozofski Vestnik</i>, <b>XXV</b> (2): 125–142 [137–9]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Filozofski+Vestnik&rft.atitle=Copernicus+and+his+Islamic+Predecessors%3A+Some+Historical+Remarks&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-142+137-9&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Ragep&rft.aufirst=F.+Jamil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Osmanlı Astronomi Literatürü Tarihi (Ed. Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu), İstanbul 1997, I, 27–38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://213.176.111.7:8080/iranology/Persian/Farhikhtegan_F/details.aspx?id=1336">http://213.176.111.7:8080/iranology/Persian/Farhikhtegan_F/details.aspx?id=1336</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seyyid Ali Paşa, Mir’âtu’l-Âlem (Haz. Yavuz Unat), Kültür Bakanlığı, Ankara 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sevim Tekeli, 16’ıncı Asırda Osmanlılarda Saat ve Takiyyuddîn’in "Mekanik Saat Konstrüksüyonuna Dair En Parlak Yıldızlar" Adlı Eseri, Ankara 1966.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Musa Yıldız, Bir Dilci Olarak Ali Kuşçu ve Risâle fî’l-İsti‘âre’si, Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara 2002, s. 10–14.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Yavuz Unat, <i>Ali Kuşçu</i>, Kaynak Yayınları, 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRagep2001a" class="citation cs2">Ragep, F. Jamil (2001a), "Tusi and Copernicus: The Earth's Motion in Context", <i>Science in Context</i>, <b>14</b> (1–2), <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>: 145–163, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0269889701000060">10.1017/s0269889701000060</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145372613">145372613</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+in+Context&rft.atitle=Tusi+and+Copernicus%3A+The+Earth%27s+Motion+in+Context&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=145-163&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0269889701000060&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145372613%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ragep&rft.aufirst=F.+Jamil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ali_Qushji" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFazlıoğlu2007" class="citation cs2">Fazlıoğlu, İhsan (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Qushji_BEA.htm">"Qūshjī: Abū al-Qāsim ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad Qushči-zāde"</a>, in Thomas Hockey; et al. (eds.), <i>The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers</i>, New York: Springer, pp. 946–8, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-31022-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-31022-0"><bdi>978-0-387-31022-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Q%C5%ABshj%C4%AB%3A+Ab%C5%AB+al-Q%C4%81sim+%CA%BFAl%C4%81%CA%BE+al-D%C4%ABn+%CA%BFAl%C4%AB+ibn+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Qush%C4%8Di-z%C4%81de&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Encyclopedia+of+Astronomers&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=946-8&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-31022-0&rft.aulast=Fazl%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=%C4%B0hsan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fislamsci.mcgill.ca%2FRASI%2FBEA%2FQushji_BEA.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAli+Qushji" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_astronomers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Muslim astronomers">Astronomers</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="*_by_century"> <ul><li>by century</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Nahavandi" title="Ahmad Nahavandi">Ahmad Nahavandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fadl_ibn_Naubakht" title="Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht">Al-Fadl ibn Naubakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad_ibn_Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-Faz%C4%81r%C4%AB" title="Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī">Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-Faz%C4%81r%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī">Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashallah_ibn_Athari" title="Mashallah ibn Athari">Mashallah ibn Athari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%CA%BFq%C5%ABb_ibn_%E1%B9%AC%C4%81riq" class="mw-redirect" title="Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq">Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Khayyat" title="Abu Ali al-Khayyat">Abu Ali al-Khayyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ma%27shar_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi">Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Said_Gorgani" title="Abu Said Gorgani">Abu Said Gorgani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farghani" title="Al-Farghani">Al-Farghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mahani" title="Al-Mahani">Al-Mahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa_Dinawari" title="Abu Hanifa Dinawari">Abu Hanifa Dinawari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-%E1%B8%A4ajj%C4%81j_ibn_Y%C5%ABsuf_ibn_Ma%E1%B9%ADar" title="Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Maṭar">Al-Ḥajjāj ibn Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habash_al-Hasib_al-Marwazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi">Al-Marwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Isa_al-Asturlabi" title="Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi">Ali ibn Isa al-Asturlabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban%C5%AB_M%C5%ABs%C4%81_brothers" title="Banū Mūsā brothers">Banū Mūsā brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_Iranshahri" title="Abu al-Abbas Iranshahri">Iranshahri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Abd_al%E2%80%90Malik_al%E2%80%90Marwarrudhi" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi">Khalid ibn Abd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrudhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi" title="Al-Khwarizmi">Al-Khwarizmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahl_ibn_Bishr" title="Sahl ibn Bishr">Sahl ibn Bishr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C4%81bit_ibn_Qurra" title="Thābit ibn Qurra">Thābit ibn Qurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Abi_Mansur" title="Yahya ibn Abi Mansur">Yahya ibn Abi Mansur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Sufi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi">al-Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Adami" title="Ibn al-Adami">Ibn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Adami" title="Al-Adami">Al-Adami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Mahmud_Khojandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu-Mahmud Khojandi">al-Khojandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ja%27far_al-Khazin" title="Abu Ja'far al-Khazin">al-Khazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sahl_al-Quhi" title="Abu Sahl al-Quhi">al-Qūhī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Wafa%27_Buzjani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani">Abu al-Wafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Yusuf" title="Ahmad ibn Yusuf">Ahmad ibn Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Battani" title="Al-Battani">al-Battani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qabisi" title="Al-Qabisi">Al-Qabisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-A%27lam" title="Ibn al-A'lam">Ibn al-A'lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nayrizi" title="Al-Nayrizi">Al-Nayrizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Saghani">Al-Saghani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%E1%B9%A3-%E1%B9%A2aidan%C4%81n%C4%AB" title="Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī">Aṣ-Ṣaidanānī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Yunus" title="Ibn Yunus">Ibn Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Sinan" title="Ibrahim ibn Sinan">Ibrahim ibn Sinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Yize" title="Ma Yize">Ma Yize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sijzi" title="Al-Sijzi">al-Sijzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-%CA%BBIjliyyah" title="Al-ʻIjliyyah">Al-ʻIjliyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nastulus" title="Nastulus">Nastulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolfadl_Harawi" title="Abolfadl Harawi">Abolfadl Harawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haseb-i_Tabari" title="Haseb-i Tabari">Haseb-i Tabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maslama_al-Majriti" title="Maslama al-Majriti">al-Majriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hasan_al-Ahwazi" title="Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi">Abu al-Hasan al-Ahwazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nasr_Mansur" title="Abu Nasr Mansur">Abu Nasr Mansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">al-Biruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Ridwan" title="Ali ibn Ridwan">Ali ibn Ridwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Is%E1%B8%A5%C4%81q_Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-Zarq%C4%81l%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī">Al-Zarqālī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Samh" title="Ibn al-Samh">Ibn al-Samh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Haytham" title="Ibn al-Haytham">Alhazen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Saffar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Saffar">Ibn al-Saffar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushyar_Gilani" title="Kushyar Gilani">Kushyar Gilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_al-Andalusi" title="Said al-Andalusi">Said al-Andalusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_Said_al-Sahli" title="Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli">Ibrahim ibn Said al-Sahli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Mu%27adh_al-Jayyani" title="Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani">Ibn Mu'adh al-Jayyani </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Isfizari" title="Al-Isfizari">Al-Isfizari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_ibn_Khalaf" title="Ali ibn Khalaf">Ali ibn Khalaf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_al-Bitruji" title="Nur ad-Din al-Bitruji">Al-Bitruji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Tufail" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Tufail">Ibn Tufail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kharaq%C4%AB" title="Al-Kharaqī">Al-Kharaqī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khazini" title="Al-Khazini">Al-Khazini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Samawal_al-Maghribi" title="Al-Samawal al-Maghribi">Al-Samawal al-Maghribi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Salt">Abu al-Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Kammad" title="Ibn al-Kammad">Ibn al-Kammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Aflah" title="Jabir ibn Aflah">Jabir ibn Aflah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi">Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Banna%27_al-Marrakushi" title="Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi">Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al%E2%80%90Ha%27im_al%E2%80%90Ishbili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili">Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_ad-Din_Bukhari" title="Jamal ad-Din Bukhari">Jamal ad-Din</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alam_al-Din_al-Hanafi" title="Alam al-Din al-Hanafi">Alam al-Din al-Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najm_al%E2%80%90Din_al%E2%80%90Misri" class="mw-redirect" title="Najm al‐Din al‐Misri">Najm al‐Din al‐Misri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhyi_al-Din_al-Maghribi" title="Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi">Muhyi al-Din al-Maghribi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi">Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariya_al-Qazwini" title="Zakariya al-Qazwini">Zakariya al-Qazwini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27ayyad_al-Din_al-Urdi" title="Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Urdi">al-Urdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athir_al-Din_al-Abhari" title="Athir al-Din al-Abhari">al-Abhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abi_Bakr_al%E2%80%90Farisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi">Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al‐Farisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_al-Hasan_al-Marrakushi" title="Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi">Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Ishaq_al-Tunisi" title="Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi">Ibn Ishaq al-Tunisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al%E2%80%90Raqqam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al‐Raqqam">Ibn al‐Raqqam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ashraf_Umar_II" title="Al-Ashraf Umar II">Al-Ashraf Umar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Akhlati" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati">Fakhr al-Din al-Akhlati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Shatir" title="Ibn al-Shatir">Ibn al-Shatir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Abu_Abd_Allah_al-Khalili" title="Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah al-Khalili">Al-Khalili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Shuayb" title="Ibn Shuayb">Ibn Shuayb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muqri_Mohammed_al-Battiwi" title="Abu Muqri Mohammed al-Battiwi"> al-Battiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_al%E2%80%90%CA%BFUq%C5%ABl" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū al‐ʿUqūl">Abū al‐ʿUqūl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Wabkanawi" title="Al-Wabkanawi">Al-Wabkanawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Din_al-Nisapuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri">Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Jadiri" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Jadiri"> al-Jadiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathullah_Shirazi" title="Fathullah Shirazi">Fathullah Shirazi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ali Kuşçu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al%E2%80%90Wajid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al‐Wajid">Abd al‐Wajid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamshid_al-Kashi" title="Jamshid al-Kashi">Jamshid al-Kashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C4%81%E1%B8%8D%C4%AB_Z%C4%81da_al-R%C5%ABm%C4%AB" title="Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī">Kadızade Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg" title="Ulugh Beg">Ulugh Beg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibt_al-Maridini" title="Sibt al-Maridini">Sibt al-Maridini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Majdi" title="Ibn al-Majdi">Ibn al-Majdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-%27Aziz_al-Wafa%27i" title="'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i">al-Wafa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Kubunani" title="Abu Ishaq al-Kubunani">al-Kubunani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-%27Aziz_al-Wafa%27i" title="'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i">'Abd al-'Aziz al-Wafa'i</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Birjandi" title="Al-Birjandi">Al-Birjandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Khafri" title="Shams al-Din al-Khafri">al-Khafri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-din_al-%27Amili" class="mw-redirect" title="Baha' al-din al-'Amili">Baha' al-din al-'Amili </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piri_Reis" title="Piri Reis">Piri Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqi_ad-Din_Muhammad_ibn_Ma%27ruf" title="Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf">Takiyüddin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yang_Guangxian" title="Yang Guangxian">Yang Guangxian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehmed%C3%AA_Xan%C3%AE" title="Ehmedê Xanî">Ehmedê Xanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Achsasi_al_Mouakket" title="Al Achsasi al Mouakket">Al Achsasi al Mouakket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Rudani" title="Muhammad al-Rudani">Muhammad al-Rudani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Works" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arabic_star_names" title="List of Arabic star names">Arabic star names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aja%27ib_al-Makhluqat" title="Aja'ib al-Makhluqat">Aja'ib al-Makhluqat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_the_Brethren_of_Purity" title="Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity">Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tabula_Rogeriana" title="Tabula Rogeriana">Tabula Rogeriana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Healing" title="The Book of Healing">The Book of Healing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Remaining_Signs_of_Past_Centuries" title="The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries">The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><i><a href="/wiki/Zij" title="Zij">Zij</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonsine_tables" title="Alfonsine tables">Alfonsine tables</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Huihui_Lifa" title="Huihui Lifa">Huihui Lifa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Fixed_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Fixed Stars">Book of Fixed Stars</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledan_Tables" title="Toledan Tables">Toledan Tables</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zij-i_Ilkhani" title="Zij-i Ilkhani">Zij-i Ilkhani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zij-i_Sultani" title="Zij-i Sultani">Zij-i Sultani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sullam_al-sama%27" title="Sullam al-sama'">Sullam al-sama'</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world#Instruments" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alidade" title="Alidade">Alidade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_computer" title="Analog computer">Analog computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere" title="Armillary sphere">Armillary sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrolabe" title="Astrolabe">Astrolabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_clock" title="Astronomical clock">Astronomical clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armillary_sphere" title="Armillary sphere">Celestial globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass" title="Compass">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_rose" title="Compass rose">Compass rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioptra" title="Dioptra">Dioptra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_ring" title="Equatorial ring">Equatorial ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorium" title="Equatorium">Equatorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe" title="Globe">Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_paper" title="Graph paper">Graph paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mural_instrument" title="Mural instrument">Mural instrument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner%27s_astrolabe" title="Mariner's astrolabe">Navigational astrolabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octant_(instrument)" title="Octant (instrument)">Octant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planisphere" title="Planisphere">Planisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrant_(instrument)" title="Quadrant (instrument)">Quadrant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextant_(astronomy)" title="Sextant (astronomy)">Sextant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_square" title="Shadow square">Shadow square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">Sundial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schema_for_horizontal_dials" title="Schema for horizontal dials">Schema for horizontal sundials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triquetrum_(astronomy)" title="Triquetrum (astronomy)">Triquetrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almucantar" title="Almucantar">Almucantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Apogee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrology_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Astrology in the medieval Islamic world">Astrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial tilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">Azimuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_mechanics" title="Celestial mechanics">Celestial mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_spheres" title="Celestial spheres">Celestial spheres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_orbit" title="Circular orbit">Circular orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deferent_and_epicycle" title="Deferent and epicycle">Deferent and epicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_rotation" title="Earth's rotation">Earth's rotation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecliptic" title="Ecliptic">Ecliptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliptic_orbit" title="Elliptic orbit">Elliptic orbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equant" title="Equant">Equant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geocentric_model" title="Geocentric model">Geocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravitational_energy" title="Gravitational energy">Gravitational energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">Gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliocentrism" title="Heliocentrism">Heliocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertia" title="Inertia">Inertia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_in_medieval_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmology in medieval Islam">Islamic cosmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight" title="Moonlight">Moonlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muwaqqit" title="Muwaqqit">Muwaqqit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Obliquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallax" title="Parallax">Parallax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precession" title="Precession">Precession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qibla" title="Qibla">Qibla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_times" title="Salah times">Salah times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">Specific gravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spherical_Earth" title="Spherical Earth">Spherical Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sublunary_sphere" title="Sublunary sphere">Sublunary sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight" title="Sunlight">Sunlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporal_finitism" title="Temporal finitism">Temporal finitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepidation" title="Trepidation">Trepidation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation" title="Triangulation">Triangulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tusi_couple" title="Tusi couple">Tusi couple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University" title="Al-Azhar University">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Knowledge" title="House of Knowledge">House of Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Wisdom" title="House of Wisdom">House of Wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_al-Qarawiyyin" title="University of al-Qarawiyyin">University of al-Qarawiyyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world#Observatories" title="Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world">Observatories</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Constantinople_observatory_of_Taqi_ad-Din" title="Constantinople observatory of Taqi ad-Din">Constantinople (Taqi al-Din)</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Maragheh_observatory" title="Maragheh observatory">Maragheh</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Ulugh_Beg_Observatory" title="Ulugh Beg Observatory">Samarkand (Ulugh Beg)</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy" title="Babylonian astronomy">Babylonian astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_astronomy" title="Egyptian astronomy">Egyptian astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_astronomy#Hellenistic_astronomy" title="Ancient Greek astronomy">Hellenistic astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Indian astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_science" title="Byzantine science">Byzantine science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_astronomy" title="Chinese astronomy">Chinese astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_science_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="European science in the Middle Ages">Medieval European science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_astronomy" title="Indian astronomy">Indian astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #03C03C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maturidi" title="Template talk:Maturidi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidi school of Sunni theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Maturidis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis">Maturidi scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 342 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 396 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Abu Zayd al-Dabusi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (d. 464 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yūsuf Balasaguni</a> (d. 469 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 482 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 483 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th AH/11th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (d. 535 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Ahmad Yasawi</a> (d. 561 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din (died 1174)">Nur al-Din Zengi</a> (d. 569 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 575 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 587 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th AH/12th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. beginning of the 6th century AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa</a> (d. 624 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (d. 632 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (d. 633 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_ed-Din_al-Boharsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi">Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi</a> (d. 659 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (d. 664 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a> (d. 671 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th AH/13th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> (d. 711 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (d. 725 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a> (d. 791 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a> (d. 800 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th AH/14th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Bande Nawaz</a> (d. 825 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (d. 834 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_al-Charkhi" title="Yaqub al-Charkhi">Yaqub al-Charkhi</a> (d. 851 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Arabshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Arabshah">Ahmad ibn Arabshah</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d. 855 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bistami" title="Ali al-Bistami">Ali al-Bistami</a> (d. 874 AH)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">'Ali al-Qushji</a> (d. 879 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a> (d. 895 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th AH/15th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a> (d. 906 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Husayn Kashifi</a> (d. 910 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (d. 940 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (d. 943 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (d. 955 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a> (d. 968 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (d. 980 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th AH/16th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Baqi_Billah" title="Khwaja Baqi Billah">Khwaja Baqi Billah</a> (d. 1011 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari</a> (d. 1025 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hudayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Hudayi">Mahmud Hudayi</a> (d. 1037 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (d. 1052 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Mahmud_Jaunpuri" title="Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri">Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1061 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti</a> (d. 1067 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. around 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (d. 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (d. 1069 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (d. 1081 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th AH/17th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. around 1123 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haqqi_Bursevi" title="Ismail Haqqi Bursevi">Ismail Haqqi Bursevi</a> (d. 1127 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (d. 1131 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Zhi of Nanjing</a> (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom_Muhammad_Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi">Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi</a> (d. 1174 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Erzurumi" title="İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi">İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi</a> (d. 1193 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (d. 1195 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th AH/18th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelenbevi_Ismail_Efendi" title="Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi">Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi</a> (d. 1204 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (d. 1225 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabdennasir_Qursawi" title="Ghabdennasir Qursawi">Ghabdennasir Qursawi</a> (d. 1226 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Shah Ismail Dehlvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (d. 1267 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th AH/19th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eihabetdin_M%C3%A4rcani" title="Şihabetdin Märcani">Shihab al-Din al-Marjani</a> (d. 1306 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi</a> (d. 1308 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giritli_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Pasha" title="Giritli Sırrı Pasha">Giritli Sırrı Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (d. 1317 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abai_Qunanbaiuly" title="Abai Qunanbaiuly">Abai Qunanbaiuly</a> (d. 1321 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (d. 1330 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Anwaarullah_Farooqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui">Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui</a> (d. 1335 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (d. 1338 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1340 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakarim_Qudayberdiuli" title="Shakarim Qudayberdiuli">Shakarim Qudayberdiuli</a> (d. 1344 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhit_al-Muti%27i" title="Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i">Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Aliye_Topuz" title="Fatma Aliye Topuz">Fatma Aliye Topuz</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (d. 1356 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (d. 1364 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Bigiev" title="Musa Bigiev">Musa Bigiev</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1373 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Husayn Ahmad al-Madani</a> (d. 1377 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan</a> (d. 1378 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Nasuhi_Bilmen" title="Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen">Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen</a> (d. 1391 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (d. 1394 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi%27_Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th AH/20th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi</a> (d. 1403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (d. 1409 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-%27Azmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi">Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi</a> (d. 1412 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Muhammad Ayyub Ali</a> (d. 1415 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1428 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (d. 1436 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Muhammad Salim Qasmi</a> (d. 1439 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (d. 1441 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi%27_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rafi' Usmani">Muhammad Rafi' Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husein_Kavazovi%C4%87" title="Husein Kavazović">Husein Kavazović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Mezhiev" title="Salah Mezhiev">Salah Mezhiev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/150px-Imammaturidi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/225px-Imammaturidi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/300px-Imammaturidi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Maturidi" title="Tafsir al-Maturidi">Tafsir al-Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">'Aqa'id al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkhis_al-Adilla" title="Talkhis al-Adilla">Talkhis al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Kutadgu Bilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Mazhari" title="Tafsir al-Mazhari">Tafsir al-Mazhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_ul-Haqq" title="Izhar ul-Haqq">Izhar ul-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_ala_al-Mufannad" title="Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad">Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_D%C4%ABni_Kur%27an_Dili" title="Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili">Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedimu" title="Gedimu">Gedimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Maturidi-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Template:Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_of_Khorasan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Khorasan" title="Template:People of Khorasan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Khorasan" title="Template talk:People of Khorasan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Khorasan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Khorasan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_of_Khorasan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scientists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Isfizari" title="Al-Isfizari">Abu Hatam Isfizari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ma%27shar_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi">Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Wafa%27_Buzjani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Wafa' Buzjani">Abu Wafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_%27Ubayd_al-Juzjani" title="Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani">Abu Ubayd Juzjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Balkhi" title="Abu Zayd al-Balkhi">Abu Zayd Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farghani" title="Al-Farghani">Alfraganus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ali Qushji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Birjandi" title="Al-Birjandi">Birjandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Biruni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habash_al-Hasib_al-Marwazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habash al-Hasib al-Marwazi">Hasib Marwazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Ibn Hayyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ja%27far_al-Khazin" title="Abu Ja'far al-Khazin">Abu Ja'far al-Khazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khazini" title="Al-Khazini">Khazini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu-Mahmud_Khojandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu-Mahmud Khojandi">Khojandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khwarizmi" title="Al-Khwarizmi">Khwarizmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al%C4%AB_ibn_Ahmad_al-Nasaw%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī">Nasawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Tusi">Nasir al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayyam" title="Omar Khayyam">Omar Khayyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharaf_al-Din_al-Tusi" title="Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi">Sharaf al-Din al-Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sijzi" title="Al-Sijzi">Sijzi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philosophers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Algazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Hassan_al-Amiri" title="Abu al-Hassan al-Amiri">Amiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Farabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Bektash_Veli" title="Haji Bektash Veli">Haji Bektash Veli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sulayman_Sijistani" title="Abu Sulayman Sijistani">Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shahrastani" title="Al-Shahrastani">Shahrastani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islamic scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dawud_al-Sijistani" title="Abu Dawud al-Sijistani">Abu Dawud al-Sijistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu Barakat Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu Layth Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu Mu'in Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Abu Qasim Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Ansari" title="Abdullah Ansari">Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Baghawi" title="Al-Baghawi">Baghavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bayhaqi" title="Al-Bayhaqi">Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Bazdawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Bukhari" title="Muhammad al-Bukhari">Bukhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Dabusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Ghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Ghaznawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Hakim Tirmidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Nishapuri" title="Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri">Hakim Nishapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hibban" title="Ibn Hibban">Ibn Hibban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mubarak" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn Mubarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Tayfour_Sajawandi" title="Muhammad ibn Tayfour Sajawandi">Ibn Tayfour Sajawandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Juwayni" title="Al-Juwayni">Juwayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Kasani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Kashifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Lamishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_al-Din_al-Marghinani" title="Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani">Marghinani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Mulla al-Qari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muqatil_ibn_Sulayman" title="Muqatil ibn Sulayman">Muqatil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_ibn_al-Hajjaj" title="Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nasa%27i" title="Al-Nasa'i">Nasa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qushayri" title="Al-Qushayri">Qushayri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakhr_al-Din_al-Razi" title="Fakhr al-Din al-Razi">Razi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Sabuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Sajawandi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Sajawandi">Sajawandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Tusi" title="Shaykh Tusi">Shaykh Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Taftazani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tha%27labi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tha'labi">Tha'labi Nishapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Tirmidhi">Tirmidhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Zamakhshari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poets and artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Sa%27id_Abu%27l-Khayr" title="Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr">Abu Sa'id Abu'l-Khayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvari" title="Anvari">Anvari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizami_Aruzi" title="Nizami Aruzi">Aruzi Samarqandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asadi_Tusi" title="Asadi Tusi">Asadi Tusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attar_of_Nishapur" title="Attar of Nishapur">Attar Nishapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kam%C4%81l_ud-D%C4%ABn_Behz%C4%81d" title="Kamāl ud-Dīn Behzād">Behzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqiqi" title="Daqiqi">Daqiqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhi_Sistani" title="Farrukhi Sistani">Farrukhi Sistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdowsi" title="Ferdowsi">Ferdowsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami" title="Jami">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Kashifi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Khusraw" title="Nasir Khusraw">Nasir Khusraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabia_Balkhi" title="Rabia Balkhi">Rabia Balkhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudaki" title="Rudaki">Rudaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanai" title="Sanai">Sanā'ī</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historians and<br />political figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Fadl_Bayhaqi" title="Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi">Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Hasan_Isfarayini" title="Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini">Abu'l-Hasan Isfarayini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Ma%27ali_Nasrallah" title="Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah">Abu'l-Ma'ali Nasrallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Muslim" title="Abu Muslim">Abu Muslim Khorasani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardizi" title="Gardizi">Gardizi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ata-Malik_Juvayni" title="Ata-Malik Juvayni">Ata-Malik Juvayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Aufi" title="Muhammad Aufi">Aufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Bal%27ami" title="Abu Ali Bal'ami">Abu Ali Bal'ami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gawhar_Shad" title="Gawhar Shad">Gawhar Shad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Khordadbeh" title="Ibn Khordadbeh">Ibn Khordadbeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Barmak" title="Khalid ibn Barmak">Khalid ibn Barmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhaj-i-Siraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhaj-i-Siraj">Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Nizam al-Mulk">Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahir_ibn_Husayn" title="Tahir ibn Husayn">Tahir ibn Husayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Khalid" title="Yahya ibn Khalid">Yahya Barmaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Nizam_al-Mulk" title="Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk">Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_Muhammad_al-Nasawi" title="Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi">Shihab al-Nasawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423644#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423644#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423644#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119057719">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr90029107">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14472942r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14472942r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007257131805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:al-qushji.">zbMATH</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119057719.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119057719">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/17879614X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ali-kuscu">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&oldid=1248598654">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ali_Qushji&oldid=1248598654</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1403_births" title="Category:1403 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