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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Origin of the name </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 National symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Border_Disputes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Border_Disputes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Border Disputes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Border_Disputes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 People </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pop_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pop_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Pop culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pop_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Other websites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">India</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 301 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-301" aria-hidden="true" > 301 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Индиэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Индиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Индие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Индие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ህንድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ህንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indea" title="Indea – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Indea" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Индиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Индиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الهند – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%98" title="ܗܢܕܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܢܕܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստան – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enda" title="Enda – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Enda" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভাৰত – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ভাৰত" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inda" title="Inda – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Inda" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هیندیستان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندیستان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভারত – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindia" title="Hindia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hindia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cn-t%C5%8D%CD%98" title="Ìn-tō͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ìn-tō͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндостан – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостан" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Індыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Індыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱ་གར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱ་གར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Энэдхэг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Энэдхэг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indya" title="Indya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Indya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="لهند – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لهند" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%94%DE%A7" title="އިންޑިޔާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިންޑިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3_W%C3%B3naan%C3%ADd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_Bits%C4%AF%CA%BC_Yisht%C5%82izhii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A2" title="རྒྱ་གར – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="རྒྱ་གར" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ινδία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Индия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Индия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barato" title="Barato – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Barato" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_%C3%8Dndia" title="La Índia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="La Índia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yndia" title="Yndia – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Yndia" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinndi" title="Hinndi – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Hinndi" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_India" title="An India – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An India" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Injey" title="Yn Injey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Injey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndiya" title="İndiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İndiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Innseachan" title="Na h-Innseachan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Innseachan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5" title="ХӀиндиче – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ХӀиндиче" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AD%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A4" title="ભારત – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ભારત" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yin-thu" title="Yin-thu – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yin-thu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C4%AAnia" title="ʻĪnia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĪnia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Հնդկաստան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնդկաստան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiska" title="Indiska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Indiska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndia" title="Ndia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Ndia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4" title="ভারত – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভারত" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%93%90%E1%91%8E%E1%90%8A" title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᓐᑎᐊ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiaq" title="Initiaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Initiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Инди – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Инди" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIndia" title="IIndia – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IIndia" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indland" title="Indland – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Indland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95" title="הודו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הודו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indhi" title="Indhi – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Indhi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%90nd%C9%A9" title="Ɛndɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɛndɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4" title="ಭಾರತ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%90%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہِندوستان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ہِندوستان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Үндістан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Үндістан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eynda" title="Eynda – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Eynda" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhinde" title="Ubuhinde – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuhinde" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuhindi" title="Ubuhindi – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubuhindi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhindi" title="Uhindi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uhindi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barata" title="Barata – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Barata" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гьиндусттан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Гьиндусттан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8D" title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດອິນເດຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%86deja" title="Iņdeja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iņdeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barat" title="Barat – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Barat" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xingu%27e" title="xingu'e – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xingu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%E1%B8%8Dia" title="Inḍia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Inḍia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ഇന്ത്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇന്ത്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indja" title="Indja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Indja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAnia" title="Īnia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Īnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ინდოეთი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინდოეთი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="الهند – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الهند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ng-d%C3%B4" title="Éng-dô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Éng-dô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Энэтхэг – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Энэтхэг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အိန္ဒိယနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idia" title="Idia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Idia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89" title="インド – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="ХӀинди – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ХӀинди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ende" title="Înde – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Înde" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Индий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Индий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A4" title="ଭାରତ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଭାରତ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyaa" title="Indiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Indiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiston" title="Hindiston – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindiston" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4" title="ਭਾਰਤ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਭਾਰਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="भारत" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9A%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အေင်ဒိယခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A5%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B6" title="ឥណ្ឌា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឥណ្ឌា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindstan" title="Hindstan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Hindstan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ndistan" title="İndistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İndistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99In%C4%ABtia" title="’Inītia – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Inītia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat" title="Bharat – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Bharat" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inriya" title="Inriya – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inriya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="Ииндийэ – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ииндийэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igitia" title="Igitia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Igitia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="भारतम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="भारतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C3%AFi" title="Indïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Indïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cndia" title="Ìndia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innia" title="Innia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Innia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ඉන්දියාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉන්දියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ڀارت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڀارت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INdiya" title="INdiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INdiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%87%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%97%EA%99%97" title="Їндїꙗ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їндїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indyje" title="Indyje – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Indyje" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindiya" title="Hindiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hindiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھیندستان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیندستان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiakondre" title="Indiakondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Indiakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Индија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Индија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indija" title="Indija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Indija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intia" title="Intia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indien" title="Indien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Indien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="இந்தியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்தியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhend" title="Lhend – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lhend" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indie" title="Indie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Indie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Һиндстан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢိၼ်းတီးယႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%82" title="భారతదేశం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="భారతదేశం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Índia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศอินเดีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอินเดีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C9%9Bn" title="Indiɛn – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Indiɛn" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%85%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2" title="ህንዲ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ህንዲ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳиндустон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиндустон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBInitia" title="ʻInitia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻInitia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%82%E1%8F%97%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏂᏗᎢᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4" title="ಭಾರತ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಭಾರತ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistan" title="Hindistan – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Hindistan" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiya" title="Ndiya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ndiya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Индия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Индия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%95%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%8A%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%95" title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ – Buginese" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨊᨉᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Buginese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Індія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Індія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بھارت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بھارت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ھىندىستان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىندىستان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yindu" title="Yindu – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yindu" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cndia" title="Ìndia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ìndia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indii" title="Indii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Indii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%A4n_%C4%90%E1%BB%99" title="Ấn Độ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ấn Độ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lind%C3%A4n" title="Lindän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Lindän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde" title="Inde – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inde" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indi%C3%AB" title="Indië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Indië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/End" title="End – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="End" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiya" title="Indiya – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Indiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2" title="אינדיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אינדיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dnd%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Índíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Índíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C4%B1stan" title="Hindıstan – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hindıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ind%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Indėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hindi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" title="India – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="India" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%9F%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%96%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A3%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥰ ᥖᥤᥰ ᥕᥣᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindyston" title="Hindyston – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindyston" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵀⵉⵏⴷⵓⵙⵜⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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Follow the link for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9689576">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8087921">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of India</div><div class="ib-country-names">Bhārat Gaṇarājya</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of India"><img alt="Horizontal tricolour flag bearing, from top to bottom, deep saffron, white, and green horizontal bands. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/90px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/120px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/State_Emblem_of_India" title="State Emblem of India">State Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: "<a href="/wiki/Satyameva_Jayate" title="Satyameva Jayate">Satyameva Jayate</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>)<div>"Truth Alone Triumphs"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a>"<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-tatsama-4">[3]</a> "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolpert20031-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-3">[2]</a> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="64" data-mwtitle="Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg/Jana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=as&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="as" label="অসমীয়া ‪(as)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=bn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="bn" label="বাংলা ‪(bn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=cs&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="cs" label="čeština ‪(cs)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=el&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="el" label="Ελληνικά ‪(el)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=he&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="he" label="עברית ‪(he)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=hi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hi" label="हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=kn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="kn" label="ಕನ್ನಡ ‪(kn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=tl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tl" label="Tagalog ‪(tl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=tr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=ur&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ur" label="اردو ‪(ur)‬" data-dir="rtl" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AJana_Gana_Mana_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">National song "<a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram">Vande Mātaram</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>)<a href="#cite_note-6">[b]</a> "I Bow to Thee, Mother"<a href="#cite_note-7">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-3">[2]</a> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="146" data-mwtitle="Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg/Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Vande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AVande_Mataram_on_Mohan_Veena.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:India_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Land under the control of India is shown in dark green. Land claimed but not under the control of India is shown in light green."><img alt="Image of a globe centred on India, with India highlighted." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-India_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Land under the control of India is shown in dark green. <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_disputed_territories_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of disputed territories of India (not yet started)">Land claimed but not under the control of India</a> is shown in light green.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9430902">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=India&params=28_36_50_N_77_12_30_E_type:city_region:IN">28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E / 28.61389°N 77.20833°E / 28.61389; 77.20833</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist 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li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognised regional languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background:transparent;color: inherit; text-align:left;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India (not yet started)">Eighth Schedule</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-12">[8]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Boro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Maithili_language" title="Maithili language">Maithili</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Manipuri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background:transparent;color: inherit; text-align:left;"><div><a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India#Official_languages_of_states" title="Languages with official status in India">Used by the states</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[e]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Boro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kokborok" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokborok">Kokborok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepcha_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepcha language (not yet started)">Lepcha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Manipuri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mizo_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mizo language (not yet started)">Mizo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sikkimese_language" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Native_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Native language">Native languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">447 languages</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[f]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2011)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>79.8% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_India" title="Hinduism in India">Hinduism</a></li><li>14.2% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">Islam</a></li><li>2.3% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christianity_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christianity in India (not yet started)">Christianity</a></li><li>1.7% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sikhism_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sikhism in India (not yet started)">Sikhism</a></li><li>0.7% <a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Buddhism_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of Buddhism in India (not yet started)">Buddhism</a></li><li>0.4% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jainism_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jainism in India (not yet started)">Jainism</a></li><li>0.23% <a href="/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irreligion in India (not yet started)">unaffiliated</a></li><li>0.65% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">other</a><a href="#cite_note-Census2011religion-17">[11]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122542"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian people">Indian</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Names_for_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Names for India (not yet started)">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal" class="mw-disambig" title="Federal">Federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu" title="Droupadi Murmu">Droupadi Murmu</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jagdeep_Dhankhar" title="Jagdeep Dhankhar">Jagdeep Dhankhar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Independence</a> <div class="ib-country-sovereignty">from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion of India">Dominion</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">15 August 1947</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">Republic</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">26 January 1950</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,287,263<a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in-3">[2]</a> km2 (1,269,219 sq mi)<a href="#cite_note-19">[g]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">7th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9.6</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 1,428,627,663<a href="#cite_note-WPP_UN-20">[13]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2011 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 1,210,854,977<a href="#cite_note-21">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[15]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">2nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Help:Convert_messages#invalid_number" title="Help:Convert messages">convert: invalid number</a>] (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">30th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6670383">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $14.594 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-23">[16]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $10,123<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-23">[16]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">125th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $3.937 trillion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-23">[16]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $2,731<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-23">[16]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">136th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383">(2021)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 32.8<a href="#cite_note-24">[17]</a> medium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6670383">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.644<a href="#cite_note-UNHDR-25">[18]</a> medium · <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">134th</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">Indian rupee</a> (₹) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">INR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+05:30 (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a> is not observed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><abbr title="day">dd</abbr>-<abbr title="month">mm</abbr>-<abbr title="year">yyyy</abbr><a href="#cite_note-26">[h]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Driving side</a></th><td class="infobox-data">left<a href="#cite_note-27">[19]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telephone_numbers_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telephone numbers in India (not yet started)">+91</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3166-2:IN&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3166-2:IN (not yet started)">IN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.in" class="mw-redirect" title=".in">.in</a> (<a href="/wiki/.in#Internationalised_domain_names_and_country_codes" class="mw-redirect" title=".in">others</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> India (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> pronunciation: Bhārat), officially the Republic of India (<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> pronunciation: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),<a href="#cite_note-28">[20]</a> also commonly called as Hindustan,<a href="#cite_note-29">[21]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">seventh-largest country by area</a>. It is also the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">largest country</a> by <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">number of people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[22]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">world</a>'s largest <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democracy</a> by number of people since 1947.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2012327-31">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-stein-arnold-32">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher2018184–185-33">[25]</a> India is a <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>. It has the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a> on the south, the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> on the southwest, the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> on the southeast, and the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a> on the north. It has six neighbours: <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> in the northwest;<a href="#cite_note-34">[i]</a> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> in the north; and <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> in the east. <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a> are nearby to the south. Its <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> are near <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, Myanmar and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. Modern <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">humans</a> came to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> from <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> more than 55,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-PetragliaAllchin-35">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dyson2018p1-36">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Fisher2018p23-37">[28]</a> They have lived there for long time. At first, they had lived in the subcontinent as <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a>. The Indian subcontinent is the second most <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/diverse" class="extiw" title="wikt:diverse">diverse</a> region after Africa.<a href="#cite_note-Dyson2018-28a-38">[29]</a> Humans began to create <a href="/wiki/Settlement" class="mw-disambig" title="Settlement">settlements</a> in the subcontinent 9,000 years ago, on the western banks of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a>. The settlements became parts of the <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a> in the third millennium <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">BCE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Combined-2-39">[30]</a> By 1200 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Indo-European_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-European language">Indo-European language</a>, <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/spread" class="extiw" title="wikt:spread">spread</a> to India from the northwest.<a href="#cite_note-Lowe2015-40">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Combined-4-Rigveda-41">[32]</a> The first presence of Sanskrit is found in the hymns (songs of worship) of the <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a>. The hymns were spread from one person to another <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/orally" class="extiw" title="wikt:orally">orally</a>, not by any book. They show the early forms of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Combined-3-42">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a> replaced the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a> in the northern and western regions of India.<a href="#cite_note-Combined-4-43">[34]</a> By 400 BCE, the <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a> system was developed within Hinduism.<a href="#cite_note-Dyson2018-16a-44">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> were also developed in India at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-Fisher2018-59-45">[36]</a> India has been a <a href="/wiki/Federal_republic" title="Federal republic">federal republic</a> since 1950. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of India">Its government</a> is a democratic <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Multilingualism" title="Multilingualism">multilingual</a> (multiple languages) and <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> (multiple cultures) society.<a href="#cite_note-Dyson2018-219-46">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of India is <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. India has the second largest <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">military force</a> in the world and is also a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapon</a> state.<a href="#cite_note-47">[38]</a> India's economy became the world's fastest growing in the <a href="/wiki/G20_developing_nations" title="G20 developing nations">G20 developing nations</a> during 2014, replacing the People's Republic of China.<a href="#cite_note-India_clocks_7.5%_growth_in_January-March_quarter,_becomes_world's_fastest_growing_economy-48">[39]</a> India's <a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a> and wealth are also rising.<a href="#cite_note-49">[40]</a> India has the fifth largest economy by nominal <a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a>, the third largest by <a href="/wiki/GDP_PPP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP PPP">GDP (PPP)</a> and is one of the fastest growing major economy. According to New World Wealth, India is the fifth richest country in the world with a total individual wealth of $12.6 trillion.<a href="#cite_note-India_on_10_wealthiest_country_list,_takes_5th_spot-50">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-India's_large_population_helps_push_it_to_7th_position_in_wealthiest_nations_list-51">[42]</a> However, it still has many <a href="/wiki/Social_issue" title="Social issue">social</a> and economic issues, for example <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">poverty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_equality" title="Social equality">social equality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">religious extremism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corruption" title="Corruption">corruption</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[43]</a> India has reduced <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">its rate of poverty</a>. But its <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> has increased.<a href="#cite_note-Dyson2018-216-a-53">[44]</a> India is a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Organisation">World Trade Organisation</a> (WTO), and has signed the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol">Kyoto Protocol</a>. It is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a> developing nations. India has its own <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organisation" title="Indian Space Research Organisation">space agency</a> (ISRO). It has done much <a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">research</a> throughout the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>. It has sent <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Solar_System_probes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Solar System probes (not yet started)">spacecraft</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">Indian movies</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of India (not yet started)">music</a> and spiritual teachings are becoming more important in global culture.<a href="#cite_note-MetcalfMetcalf2012-266-54">[45]</a> Sources describe it as a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Potential_superpower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potential superpower (not yet started)">potential superpower</a>, because of its rising economy and increase in global influence. India is a <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of states with nuclear weapons (not yet started)">country with nuclear weapons</a>. It also has a high <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/rank" class="extiw" title="wikt:rank">rank</a> in <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_military_expenditures&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of countries by military expenditures (not yet started)">military expenditure</a>. It has disputes over <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> with its neighbours, Pakistan and China, since the middle of the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-kashmir-disputes-55">[46]</a> India has the fouth largest number of spoken languages per country in the world, only behind <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[47]</a> Most of Indians follow <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> at 80%, but people of different religions such as <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> also live there.<a href="#cite_note-57">[48]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_name">Origin of the name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Origin of the name" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Origin of the name">change source</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (third edition 2009) says that the name "India" comes from the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin" title="Classical Latin">Classical Latin</a> name India. It was originally used for <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and the areas to its east. Latin took the name from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hellenistic_Greek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hellenistic Greek (not yet started)">Hellenistic Greek</a> India ( Ἰνδία), from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> Indos ( Ἰνδός) and then from <a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a> Hinduš. The Old Persian name was used for the eastern province of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>. The name has a relation with the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word sindhu. It means "river", <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/especially" class="extiw" title="wikt:especially">especially</a> the <a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThieme1970447–450-59">[50]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a> called Indians as Indoi (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/langcodes_name.php?code_ID=">Ἰνδοί</a>), which means "the people of the Indus".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuiper201086-60">[51]</a> The name Bhārat (भारत; pronounced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu" class="extiw" title="en:WP:IPA for Hindi and Urdu">[ˈbʱaːɾət]</a> (<a href="/wiki/File:Hi-Bharat.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="audio speaker icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Hi-Bharat.ogg" class="internal" title="Hi-Bharat.ogg">listen</a>)) is found in both <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_epic_poetry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian epic poetry (not yet started)">Indian epic poetry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClémentin-Ojha2014-61">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[53]</a> It is used in different <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian languages</a> in different forms. Bhārat is a modern form of the older name Bharātavarṣa (भारतवर्ष). It original meaning was the <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">northern part</a> of India.<a href="#cite_note-Jha2014-63">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiddYM4DwAAQBAJpgPA253_253]-64">[55]</a> It has become a very popular name for India since the middle of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClémentin-Ojha2014-61">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrow2003-65">[56]</a> Hindustān (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu" class="extiw" title="en:WP:IPA for Hindi and Urdu">[ɦɪndʊˈstaːn]</a> (<a href="/wiki/File:Hindustan.ogg" title="About this sound"><img alt="audio speaker icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Hindustan.ogg" class="internal" title="Hindustan.ogg">listen</a>)) is a <a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a> name for India. It became popular by the 13th century.<a href="#cite_note-66">[57]</a> It is used widely since the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: History">change source</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_India" title="History of India">History of India</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/400px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="327" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/600px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg/800px-British_Indian_Empire_1909_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1223" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></figcaption></figure>. It is a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> World Heritage Site. It is thought to be of "outstanding universal value".<a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_TM-68">[59]</a>]] One of the oldest language of the world, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, was born in today's India. Which is more than 3000 years old.<a href="#cite_note-69">[60]</a> Later, a king named Chandragupt Maurya built an empire called the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a> in 300 BC. It made most of South Asia into one whole country.<a href="#cite_note-70">[61]</a> From 180 BC, many other countries invaded India. Even later (100 BC  AD 1100), other Indian dynasties (empires) came, including the Chalukyas, Cholas, Pallavas, and Pandyas.<a href="#cite_note-71">[62]</a> Southern India at that time was famous for its science, art, and writing. The <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Cholas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thanjavur" title="Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a> were pioneers at war in the seas and influenced <a href="/wiki/Malaya" class="mw-disambig" title="Malaya">Malaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, Cambodia. The influence of <a href="/wiki/Chola_dynasty" title="Chola dynasty">Cholas</a> are still noticeable in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[63]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">dynasties</a> ruled India around the year 1000. Some of these were the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Maratha_dynasty" title="Maratha dynasty">Maratha</a> empires. In the 1600s, European countries invaded India, and the British controlled most of India by 1856.<a href="#cite_note-73">[64]</a> In the early 1900s, <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">millions</a> of people peacefully started to <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/protest" class="extiw" title="wikt:protest">protest</a> against British control. One of the people who led the freedom movement was <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, who only used peaceful tactics, including a way called "<a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">ahimsa</a>", which means "non-violence".<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_3-74">[65]</a> On 15 August 1947, India peacefully became free and independent from the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. India's constitution was founded on 26 January 1950. Every year, on this day, Indians celebrate Republic Day. The first official leader (Prime Minister) of India was <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>. After 1947, India had a socialist planned economy. It is one of the founding members of the <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">Non-Aligned Movement</a> and the United Nations. It has fought many wars since independence from Britain, including the wars in 1947-48, 1965, 1971, and 1999 with <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and in 1962 with <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="People's Republic of China">China</a>. It also fought a war to capture <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, a Portuguese-built <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">port</a> and a city that was not a part of India until 1961. The British refused to give it to the country, and so India had to use force and the British were defeated. India has also done nuclear tests in 1974 and 1998. It is one of the few countries that have <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear bomb">nuclear bombs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-India_is_a_Nuclear_State-75">[66]</a> Since 1991, India has been one of the fastest-growing economies in the world.<a href="#cite_note-76">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Geography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Geography">change source</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiarivers.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Indiarivers.png/220px-Indiarivers.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Indiarivers.png/330px-Indiarivers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Indiarivers.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Rivers of India</figcaption></figure> India is the seventh biggest country in the world. It is the main part of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_the_Republic_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Borders of the Republic of India">countries next to India</a> are <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a>. It is also near <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island countries</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of India, is near <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and Myanmar.<a href="#cite_note-77">[68]</a> India is a <a href="/wiki/Peninsula" title="Peninsula">peninsula</a>, which means that it is surrounded on three sides by water. In the west is the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, in the south is the Indian Ocean, and in the east is the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a> of India is of about 7,517 km (4,671 mi) long.<a href="#cite_note-sanilkumar-78">[69]</a> The northern part of India has many mountains. The most famous mountain range in India is the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, which have some of the tallest mountains in the world. There are many rivers in India. The main rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_River" title="Brahmaputra River">Brahmaputra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, the Godavari, the Kaveri, the Narmada, and the Krishna. India's total <a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">coastline</a> is 7,517-kilometre (4,700-mile) long. The mainland's coastline is 5,423-kilometre (3,400-mile) long. The <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicobar_Islands" title="Nicobar Islands">Nicobar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> islands have 2,094-kilometre (1,300-mile) long coastlines in total.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006-79">[70]</a> From the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Indian naval</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrography" title="Hydrography">hydrographic</a> <a href="/wiki/Chart" title="Chart">charts</a>, 43% of the mainland coast are sandy beaches, 11% are rocky shores and cliffs, and 46% are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mudflat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mudflat (not yet started)">mudflats</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshy</a> shores.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006-79">[70]</a> India has different climates.<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4-80">[71]</a> In <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>, the climate is mainly <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a>, which means it can get very hot in summer and cool in winter.<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4-80">[71]</a> The northern part, though, has a cooler climate, called <a href="/wiki/Subtropics" title="Subtropics">subtropical</a>. The mountainous regions can be <a href="/wiki/Alpine_climate" title="Alpine climate">alpine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4-80">[71]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, in the alpine climate region, can get extremely cold. The Himalayas do not allow the cold Central Asian winds from blowing into the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>. It keeps the most of the subcontinent warmer than most places at same <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitudes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosey1994118-81">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolpert20034-82">[73]</a> There is very heavy rainfall along the west coast and in the Eastern Himalayan foothills. The west, though, is drier. Because of some of the <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a> of India, all of India gets rain for four months of the year. That time is called the <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>. That is because the deserts attract water-filled winds from the Indian Ocean, which give rain when they come into India. When the monsoon rains come late or not so heavily, droughts (when the land dries out because there is less rain) are possible. Monsoons normally come around July–August. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Politics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Politics">change source</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9496804/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg/238px-Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg/357px-Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg/476px-Rashtrapati_Bhavan_Wide_New_Delhi_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="1798" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">Rashtrapati Bhavan</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> is the official residence (house where a person lives) of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President of India</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building,_in_New_Delhi_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/238px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/357px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/476px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Parliament_House,_New_Delhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Parliament House, New Delhi (not yet started)">Parliament House</a> (Sansad Bhavan) in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a> is the place where the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a> meets.</div></div></div></div></div> India is a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnellCalvert1999125-83">[74]</a> It is the democracy in the world by the number of people.<a href="#cite_note-largestdem1-84">[75]</a> It has six <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in India (not yet started)">national parties</a>, for example the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> (INC) and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP). It also has more than 50 <a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_political_parties_in_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of political parties in India (not yet started)">regional parties</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission_of_India-85">[76]</a> The Congress is known as <a href="/wiki/Centrism" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrism">centre</a> in Indian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Political_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Political culture (not yet started)">political culture</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a> while the BJP is known as <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-87">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanerjee20053118-88">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[80]</a> The Congress was the <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/majority" class="extiw" title="wikt:majority">majority</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> from 1950 to the end of the 1980s. From the end of the 1980s, the BJP<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar200784-90">[81]</a> and the powerful regional parties are getting more seats in the Parliament over time. This forced the national parties to create <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition government">coalition governments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChander2004117-91">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Government" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Government">change source</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_India" title="Constitution of India">Constitution of India</a></div> India is ruled under the Constitution of India. It is the country's highest <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/document" class="extiw" title="wikt:document">document</a> of law. It came into effect on 26 January 1950.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPylee2003a4-92">[83]</a> Its original form said that India would be a "<a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal democracy">democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>". In 1971, the statement was changed to "sovereign, <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secular</a>, democratic republic".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutt1998421-93">[84]</a> India's has been said to be a "quasi-<a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a>" form of government. That means, the country would have a strong <a href="/wiki/Federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal government">federal government</a> and weak state governments.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheare198028-94">[85]</a> The federal government is often called the "union government" or the "central government". But after political, economic and social changes at the end of the 1990s, the government became federal.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEcheverri-Gent200219–20-95">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESinha200425-96">[87]</a> The union government is divided into three parts: the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a> (the one that make laws), the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> (the one that applies laws), and the <a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">judiciary</a> (the one that makes sure that the laws are obeyed).<a href="#cite_note-constitution-97">[88]</a> All three parts are in <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of India. The legislature of India is called the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament</a> (संसद Sansad). It is divided into two houses: the upper house <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (Council of States); and the lower house <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (House of the People).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGledhill1970127-98">[89]</a> The Rajya Sabha has 245 members. They remain members for six years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007161-99">[90]</a> Most members are <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a> indirectly by the legislatures of <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state and union territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007162-100">[91]</a> The Lok Sabha has 545 members. They remain members for five years. They are elected directly by the people's vote.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007143-101">[92]</a> The executive is made up of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">President</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_India" title="Vice President of India">Vice President</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Council_of_Ministers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Council of Ministers (not yet started)">Union Council of Ministers</a>. The President is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of India.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma200731-102">[93]</a> The presidents are elected by an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Electoral_college_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electoral college (India) (not yet started)">electoral college</a> for a period of five years. The electoral college is made up of members of central and state legislatures.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007138-103">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGledhill1970112-104">[95]</a> The Prime Minister is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> of India. The President can choose the Prime Minister, who has most of the power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007162-100">[91]</a> The President has less power than the Prime Minister. The Union Council of Ministers helps the Prime Minister. It is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet</a> in many countries. The judicial branch is made up of three types of <a href="/wiki/Court_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of law">courts of law</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a>, the 24 <a href="/w/index.php?title=High_Courts_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="High Courts of India (not yet started)">High Courts</a> and a number of trial courts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeuborne2003478-105">[96]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_India" title="Chief Justice of India">Chief Justice of India</a> is the head of the Supreme Court. The members of the court have the power to stop a law being passed by Parliament if they think that the law contradicts (opposes) the Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESripati1998423–424-106">[97]</a> They can make any government action <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/invalid" class="extiw" title="wikt:invalid">invalid</a> if it contradicts the Constitution.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPylee2003b314-107">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisions">Divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Divisions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Divisions">change source</a>]</div> For <a href="/wiki/Administration" class="mw-disambig" title="Administration">administration</a> purposes, India has been divided into smaller pieces. Most of these pieces are called <a href="/wiki/State" title="State">states</a>, some are called <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territories</a>. States and union territories are different in the way they are represented. Most union territories are ruled by administrators (called Lieutenant Governors) sent by the central government. All the states, and the territories of Delhi, and Puducherry <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elect</a> their local government themselves. In total, there are twenty-eight states and eight union territories.<a href="#cite_note-LOC_PROFILE-108">[99]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png" class="mw-file-description" title="These are the states and territories of India, including 29 states and 7 union territories."><img alt="These are the states and territories of India, including 29 states and 7 union territories." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png/300px-IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png/450px-IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png/600px-IndiaStatesByRTOcodes.png 2x" data-file-width="1487" data-file-height="1735" /></a><figcaption>These are the states and territories of India, including 29 states and 7 union territories.</figcaption></figure> States: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>State </th> <th>Capital </th> <th>Code </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td> <td>Amaravati</td> <td>AP </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>Itanagar</td> <td>AR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></td> <td>Dispur</td> <td>AS </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></td> <td>Patna</td> <td>BR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></td> <td>Raipur</td> <td>CG </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td> <td>Panaji</td> <td>GA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></td> <td>Gandhi nagar</td> <td>GJ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></td> <td>Chandigarh</td> <td>HR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></td> <td>Shimla</td> <td>HP </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></td> <td>Ranchi</td> <td>JH </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td>Bangalore</td> <td>KA </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></td> <td>Tiruvanananthapuram</td> <td>KL </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></td> <td>Bhopal</td> <td>MP </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> <td>Mumbai</td> <td>MH </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></td> <td>Imphal</td> <td>MN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></td> <td>Shillong</td> <td>ML </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></td> <td>Aizawl</td> <td>MZ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></td> <td>Kohima</td> <td>NL </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></td> <td>Bhubaneswar</td> <td>OD </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></td> <td>Chandigarh</td> <td>PB </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></td> <td>Jaipur</td> <td>RJ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></td> <td>Gangtok</td> <td>SK </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td>Chennai</td> <td>TN </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></td> <td>Hyderabad</td> <td>TG </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></td> <td>Agartala</td> <td>TR </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td> <td>Lucknow</td> <td>UP </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></td> <td>Dehra Dun</td> <td>UK </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></td> <td>Kolkata</td> <td>WB </td></tr></tbody></table> Union territories: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Union territory </th> <th>Capital </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> </td> <td>Port Blair </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a> </td> <td>Chandigarh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a> </td> <td>Daman </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> </td> <td>Delhi </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> </td> <td>Srinagar (summer capital) and Jammu (winter capital) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> </td> <td>Leh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a> </td> <td>Kavaratti </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a> </td> <td>Puducherry </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Military" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Military">change source</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a></div> The Indian Armed Forces is the military of India. It is made up of an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Army" title="Indian Army">Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Air Force</a>. There are other parts like Paramilitary and Strategic Nuclear Command. The President of India is the Commander-in-Chief. However, it is managed by the Ministry of Defence. In 2010, the Indian Armed Forces had 1.32 million active personnel. This makes it one of the largest militaries in the world.<a href="#cite_note-109">[100]</a> The Indian Army is becoming more modern by buying and making new weapons. It is also building defenses against missiles of other countries.<a href="#cite_note-110">[101]</a> In the years 2018-2022, India imported more arms than any other nation in the world.<a href="#cite_note-111">[102]</a> Since its independence in 1947, India fought four wars with Pakistan and a war with China. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_symbols">National symbols</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: National symbols" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: National symbols">change source</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_India.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/220px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/330px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/440px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption>National emblem of India</figcaption></figure> The national emblem of India shows four lions standing back-to-back. The lions symbolize power, pride, confidence, and courage. Only the government can use this emblem, according to the State Emblem of India (Prohibition of Improper Use) Act, 2005. The name India comes from the Greek word, '<a href="/wiki/Indus_River" title="Indus River">Indus</a>'. This came from the word sindhu, which, over time, turned into Hind, <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindi</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a>. The preferred endonym (the name given to the country by its own people) is "Bhārat" in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and other Indian languages as contrasted with names from outsiders. Some of the national symbols are: <ul><li>National anthem: <a href="/wiki/Jana_Gana_Mana" title="Jana Gana Mana">Jana Gana Mana</a></li> <li>National song: <a href="/wiki/Vande_Mataram" title="Vande Mataram">Vande Mataram</a></li> <li>National animal: <a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Tiger</a></li> <li>National bird: <a href="/wiki/Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="Peacock">Peacock</a></li> <li>National flower: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo" title="Nelumbo">Lotus</a></li> <li>National tree: <a href="/wiki/Banyan" title="Banyan">Banyan</a></li> <li>National river: <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> (Ganga)</li> <li>National Aquatic Animal: <a href="/wiki/Ganges_River_Dolphin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganges River Dolphin">Ganges River Dolphin</a></li> <li>National fruit: <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">Mango</a></li> <li>National heritage animal: <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">Elephant</a></li> <li>National heritage bird: <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">Indian eagle</a></li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panthera tigris Tiger (national animal)"><img alt="Panthera tigris Tiger (national animal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg/120px-Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg/180px-Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg/240px-Bengal_Tiger_Karnataka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1071" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Tiger" title="Tiger">Panthera tigris</a> Tiger (national animal)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Peacock,_East_Park,_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pavo cristatus Peacock (national bird)"><img alt="Pavo cristatus Peacock (national bird)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Peacock%2C_East_Park%2C_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Peacock%2C_East_Park%2C_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Peacock%2C_East_Park%2C_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Peacock%2C_East_Park%2C_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Peacock%2C_East_Park%2C_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Peacock%2C_East_Park%2C_Hull_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2076" data-file-height="1416" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Peafowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Peafowl">Pavo cristatus</a> Peacock (national bird)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nelumbonucifera Lotus (national flower)"><img alt="Nelumbonucifera Lotus (national flower)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg/120px-Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg/180px-Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg/240px-Lotus_Nelumbo_nucifera_Flower_Close_2048px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Nelumbo" title="Nelumbo">Nelumbonucifera</a> Lotus (national flower)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ficus benghalensis Banyan (national tree)"><img alt="Ficus benghalensis Banyan (national tree)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg/90px-Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg/135px-Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg/180px-Banyan_02_in_Tenganan_by_Line1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ficus_benghalensis" title="Ficus benghalensis">Ficus benghalensis</a> Banyan (national tree)</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ganges river"><img alt="Ganges river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg/120px-Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg/180px-Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg/240px-Sunset_on_river_Ganges_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ganges river</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:GangeticDolphin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ganges river dolphin"><img alt="Ganges river dolphin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GangeticDolphin.jpg/120px-GangeticDolphin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GangeticDolphin.jpg/180px-GangeticDolphin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/GangeticDolphin.jpg/240px-GangeticDolphin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="557" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ganges river dolphin</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mango_hedgehog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mango"><img alt="Mango" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mango_hedgehog.jpg/120px-Mango_hedgehog.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mango_hedgehog.jpg/180px-Mango_hedgehog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Mango_hedgehog.jpg/240px-Mango_hedgehog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1055" data-file-height="745" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mango</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Indian eagle"><img alt="Indian eagle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg/103px-Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg/154px-Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg/206px-Indian_Spotted_Eagle_near_Nalsarovar_Bird_Sanctuary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2432" data-file-height="2838" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Indian eagle</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Border_Disputes">Border Disputes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Border Disputes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Border Disputes">change source</a>]</div> There are <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/dispute" class="extiw" title="wikt:dispute">disputes</a> about certain parts of the Indian borders. Countries do not agree on where the borders are.<a href="#cite_note-112">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> do not recognise the disputed territory of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-disambig" title="Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ipbdMOI-113">[104]</a> The Indian government claims it as an Indian state.<a href="#cite_note-ipbdMOI-113">[104]</a> Similarly, the Republic of India does not recognise the Pakistani and Chinese parts of Kashmir.<a href="#cite_note-ipbdMOI-113">[104]</a> In 1914, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> agreed on the <a href="/wiki/McMahon_Line" title="McMahon Line">McMahon Line</a>, as part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simla_Accord_(1914)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simla Accord (1914) (not yet started)">Simla Accord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-simlaCFR-114">[105]</a> In July 1914, China withdrew from the agreement.<a href="#cite_note-simlaCFR-114">[105]</a> Indians and Tibetans see this line as the official border. China does not agree, and both mainland China and <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> do not recognize that Arunachal Pradesh belongs to India. According to them, it is a part of <a href="/wiki/South_Tibet" title="South Tibet">South Tibet</a>, which belongs to China.<a href="#cite_note-115">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-IPCS-116">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Economy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Economy">change source</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">Economy of India</a></div> The economy of the country is among the world's fastest growing. It is the 7th largest in the world with a nominal GDP of <a href="/wiki/Dollar" title="Dollar">$</a>2,250 billion (<a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">USD</a>), and in terms of <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>, the economy is 3rd largest (worth US$8.720 trillion).<a href="#cite_note-117">[108]</a> The growth rate is 8.25% for fiscal 2010. However, that is still $3678 (considering PPP) per person per year. India's economy is based mainly on: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_sector" title="Service sector">Service sector</a>: 43%</li> <li>Industries: 41%</li> <li>Information technology: 7%</li> <li>Farming: 7%</li> <li>Outsourcing: 2%.</li></ul> India's economy is diverse. Major industries include <a href="/wiki/Automobile" title="Automobile">automobiles</a>, cement, <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemicals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">consumer electronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Machinery">machinery</a>, mining, petroleum, <a href="/wiki/Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Pharmaceuticals">pharmaceuticals</a>, steel, transportation equipment, and textiles.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-118">[109]</a> However, despite economic growth, India continues to suffer from <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_India" title="Poverty in India">poverty</a>. 27.5% of the population was living in poverty in 2004–2005.<a href="#cite_note-119">[110]</a> In addition, 80.4% of the population live on less than US$2 a day,<a href="#cite_note-120">[111]</a> which was lowered to 68% by 2009.<a href="#cite_note-121">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People">People</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: People" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: People">change source</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_population_density_map_en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg/220px-India_population_density_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg/330px-India_population_density_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/India_population_density_map_en.svg/440px-India_population_density_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1639" data-file-height="1852" /></a><figcaption>This is a map of the population density of India.</figcaption></figure> There are 1.4 billion people living in India.<a href="#cite_note-122">[113]</a> In 2023, India passed China to become the world's most <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">populous</a> country.<a href="#cite_note-pop-123">[114]</a> About 65% of Indians live in rural areas, or land set aside for farming.<a href="#cite_note-Census-124">[115]</a> The largest cities in India are <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, Delhi, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LOC_PROFILE-108">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> are Official languages of India. India has 23 officially recognised languages.<a href="#cite_note-languages_of_India-125">[116]</a> Altogether, 1,625 languages are spoken in India.<a href="#cite_note-Manorama-126">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Languages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Languages">change source</a>]</div> There are many different languages and cultures in India.<a href="#cite_note-LOC_PROFILE-108">[99]</a> There are two main language families in India, the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian languages</a>. About 69% of Indians speak an Indo-Arayan language, and about 26% speak a Dravidian language. Other languages spoken in India come from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Austro-Asiatic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austro-Asiatic languages (not yet started)">Austro-Asiatic</a> group. Around 5% of the people speak a <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> language. <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is the official language in India with the largest number of speakers.<a href="#cite_note-127">[118]</a> It is the official language of the union.<a href="#cite_note-128">[119]</a> Native speakers of Hindi represent about 41% of the Indian population (2001 Indian census). English is also used, mostly for business and in administration. It has the status of a 'subsidiary official language'.<a href="#cite_note-English-subsidiary-129">[120]</a> The constitution also recognises 21 other languages. Either many people speak those languages, or they have been recognized to be very important for Indian culture. The number of <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialect" class="extiw" title="wikt:dialect">dialects</a> in India is as high as 1,652.<a href="#cite_note-Manorama-126">[117]</a> In the south of India, many people speak <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu" title="Telugu">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>. In the north, many people speak <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia">Odia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pandit1977-130">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-britannica1993-131">[122]</a> India has 23 official languages. Its constitution lists the name of the country in each of the languages.<a href="#cite_note-132">[123]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> and English (listed in boldface) are the "official languages of the union" (Union meaning the Federal Government in Delhi);<a href="#cite_note-133">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu" title="Telugu">Telugu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Odia" class="mw-redirect" title="Odia">Odia</a> are officially the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Classical_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Classical language (not yet started)">classical languages of India</a>." <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language</th> <th>Long form</th> <th>English pronunciation</th> <th>Short form </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>ভাৰত গণৰাজ্য</td> <td>Bhārôt Gôṇôrājÿô</td> <td>ভাৰত Bharot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td> <td>ভারত গণরাজ্য</td> <td>Bʰārôt Gôṇôrājÿô</td> <td>ভারত Bharot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_language" title="Bhojpuri language">Bhojpuri</a></td> <td>भोजपुरी</td> <td>Bʰārôt Gôṇôrājÿô</td> <td>ভারত Bharot </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA2-134">[125]</a></td> <td>Republic of India</td> <td></td> <td>India </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a></td> <td>ભારતીય પ્રજાસત્તાક</td> <td>Bhartiya Prajasattak</td> <td>ભારત. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></td> <td>भारत गणराज्य</td> <td>Bhārat Gaṇarājya</td> <td>भारत Bhārat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a></td> <td>ಭಾರತ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ</td> <td>Bhārata Gaṇarājya</td> <td>ಭಾರತ Bhārata </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a></td> <td>ہِندوستان</td> <td>Hindustān</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a></td> <td>भारोत गोणराज</td> <td></td> <td>भारोत </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lepcha_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lepcha language (not yet started)">Lepcha</a></td> <td>ᰛᰩᰵᰛᰧᰵᰶ་</td> <td>Hindustān</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limbu_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limbu language (not yet started)">Limbu</a></td> <td>ᤕᤠᤰᤌᤢᤱ ᤐᤠᤴ་</td> <td>Hindustān</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magahi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magahi language (not yet started)">Magahi</a></td> <td>ᤕमगही/मगधी</td> <td>Hindustān</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a></td> <td>ഭാരതം</td> <td>Bhāratam</td> <td>ഭാരതം Bhāratam </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meitei_language" title="Meitei language">Manipuri</a> (also Meitei or Meithei)</td> <td>ভারত গণরাজ্য</td> <td></td> <td>ভারত </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td> <td>भारतीय प्रजासत्ताक</td> <td>Bhartiya Prajasattak</td> <td>भारत Bhārat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a></td> <td>भारत गणराज्य</td> <td>Bʰārat Gaṇarāǳya</td> <td>भारत Bʰārat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a></td> <td>ଭାରତ</td> <td>Bharata</td> <td>Bharata </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></td> <td>ਭਾਰਤ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ</td> <td>Bhārat Gantantar</td> <td>ਭਾਰਤ Bhārat </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></td> <td>भारत गणराज्यम्</td> <td>Bhārata Gaṇarājyam</td> <td>भारत Bhārata </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santali_language" title="Santali language">Santhali</a></td> <td>ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ </td> <td></td> <td>ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a></td> <td>ڀارت، هندستانڀارت،</td> <td></td> <td>ڀارت، </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td>இந்தியக் குடியரசு</td> <td>Indiyak-Kudiyarasu</td> <td>இந்தியா India/Bharadham </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td>భారత గణరాజ్యము</td> <td>Bʰārata Gaṇa Rājyamu</td> <td>భారత్ Bhārath </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></td> <td>جمہوریہ بھارت</td> <td>Jumhūrīyat-e Bhārat</td> <td>بھارت Bhārat </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Culture">change source</a>]</div> <div class="barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in India<a href="#cite_note-135">[126]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FF4500; width:79.80%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">79.80%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#009000; width:14.23%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">14.23%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Christianity</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#9955BB; width:2.30%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.30%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#FFDF00; width:1.72%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.72%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#013220; width:0.70%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.70%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#F4C430; width:0.37%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.37%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.9%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Cave_painting" title="Cave painting">Cave paintings</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> are found across India. They show dances and <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">rituals</a> and suggest there was a <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">prehistoric</a> religion. During the Epic and <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Puranic</a> periods, the earliest versions of the epic poems <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> were written from about 500–100 BCE,<a href="#cite_note-136">[127]</a> although these were <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/oral" class="extiw" title="wikt:oral">orally</a> <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/transmission" class="extiw" title="wikt:transmission">transmitted</a> for centuries before this period.<a href="#cite_note-Rine28-137">[128]</a> Other South Asian Stone Age sites apart from <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> are in modern India, such as the <a href="/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_shelters" title="Bhimbetka rock shelters">Bhimbetka rock shelters</a> in central <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> and the Kupgal petroglyphs of eastern Karnataka, contain rock art showing religious rites and evidence of possible <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritualised</a> music.<a href="#cite_note-138">[129]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Golden_Temple_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_Temple_India.jpg/175px-Golden_Temple_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_Temple_India.jpg/263px-Golden_Temple_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Golden_Temple_India.jpg/350px-Golden_Temple_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="723" /></a><figcaption>The Harmandir Sahib or The Golden Temple of the <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a></figcaption></figure> Several modern religions are linked to India,<a href="#cite_note-EB-139">[130]</a> namely modern <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>. All of these religions have different schools (ways of thinking) and traditions that are related. As a group they are called the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern religions">Eastern religions</a>. The Indian religions are similar to one another in many ways: The basic beliefs, the way <a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">worship</a> is done and several religious practices are very similar. These similarities mainly come from the fact that these religions have a common history and common origins. They also influenced each other. The religion of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is the main faith followed by 79.80% of people in the Republic of India; <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> – 14.23%; Christianity – 2.30%; Sikhism – 1.72%; <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> – 0.70% and <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> – 0.37%.<a href="#cite_note-CensusRel-140">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Technology" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Technology">change source</a>]</div> India sent a spacecraft to <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> for the first time in 2014. That made it the fourth country and first Asian country to do so, successfully. It was called the <a href="/wiki/Mars_Orbiter_Mission" title="Mars Orbiter Mission">Mars Orbiter Mission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Space_Research_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Space Research Organization">ISRO</a> launched 104 satellites in a single mission to create a world record. India became the first nation in the world to have launched over a hundred satellites in one mission. That was more than the 2014 Russian record of 37 satellites in a single launch. This historic event of Chandrayaan-3<a href="#cite_note-142">[133]</a> is set to take place on Wednesday, August 23 at approximately 6:04pm Indian Standard Time. India's third lunar mission can be streamed live from 5:27pm. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pop_culture">Pop culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: Pop culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Pop culture">change source</a>]</div> India has the largest movie industry in the world. The Hindi film industry is known as <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a>, and is mainly based in Bombay, now known as <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Mumbai</a>. Other industries include <a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Tollywood</a>, Kollywood, Sandalwood, Mollywood, Jollywood, Dhollywood, etc. It makes 1,000 movies a year, about twice as many as <a href="/wiki/Hollywood" title="Hollywood">Hollywood</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: Sports" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Sports">change source</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_India" title="Sports in India">Sports in India</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cricketers in a game in front of nearly-full stands." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG/220px-IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG/330px-IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG/440px-IPL_T20_Chennai_vs_Kolkata.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A 2008 Indian Premier League Twenty20 cricket match being played between the Chennai Super Kings and Kolkata Knight Riders</figcaption></figure> Indians have excelled in hockey. They have also won eight gold, one silver, and two bronze medals at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic games">Olympic games</a>. However, <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> is the most popular sport in India. The Indian cricket team won the 1983 and <a href="/wiki/2011_Cricket_World_Cup" title="2011 Cricket World Cup">2011 Cricket World Cup</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2007_ICC_World_Twenty20&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2007 ICC World Twenty20 (not yet started)">2007 ICC World Twenty20</a>. They <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/share" class="extiw" title="wikt:share">shared</a> the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and won the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy. Cricket in India is controlled by the Board of Control for Cricket in India or BCCI. Domestic tournaments are the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Deodhar Trophy, the Irani Trophy, and the Challenger Series. There is also the Indian cricket league and Indian premier league Twenty20 competitions. Tennis has become popular due to the victories of the India Davis Cup team. Association football is also a popular sport in northeast India, West Bengal, Goa and Kerala.<a href="#cite_note-Soccer-144">[135]</a> The Indian national football team has won the South Asian Football Federation Cup many times. <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a>, which comes from India, is also becoming popular. This is with the increase in the number of Indian Grandmasters.<a href="#cite_note-Anand_crowned_World_champion-145">[136]</a> Traditional sports include kabaddi, kho kho, and gilli-danda, which are played throughout India. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Notes">change source</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> The language of "Jana Gana Mana" was originally written in a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/combination" class="extiw" title="wikt:combination">combination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>. It was adopted as the national anthem in its Hindi translation. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> The language of "Vande Mātaram" is a <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/combination" class="extiw" title="wikt:combination">combination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> "[...] Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations in the words as the Government may authorise as occasion arises; and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it." (<a href="#CITEREFConstituent_Assembly_of_India1950">Constituent Assembly of India 1950</a>) harv error: no target: CITEREFConstituent_Assembly_of_India1950 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Part_XVII_of_the_Constitution_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Part XVII of the Constitution of India (not yet started)">Part XVII of the Constitution of India</a> says that <a href="/wiki/Standard_Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Hindi">Hindi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script (writing system) is the <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> of the Union (central government). <a href="/wiki/Indian_English" title="Indian English">English</a> is an additional official language.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_1960-8">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-india.gov.in2-9">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">States and union territories of India</a> can have their own official languages in place of Hindi or English. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> Not all the official languages used by the states are in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eighth_Schedule_to_the_Constitution_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India (not yet started)">Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India</a>. Also, not all the languages listed in the Eighth Schedule are used by the states as official languages. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi language</a> is listed in the Eighth Schedule. But it is not used by any state. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Different sources give different figures. <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> lists 461 languages of India (out of 6,912 worldwide). 447 of these languages are living languages and 14 are extinct languages.<a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue-14">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ethnologue2-15">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> The country's exact size is <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/dispute" class="extiw" title="wikt:dispute">disputed</a> by other countries. The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of India">government of India</a> lists the total area as 3,287,260 km2 (1,269,220 sq mi) and the total land area as 3,060,500 km2 (1,181,700 sq mi). The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> lists the total area as 3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) and the total land area as 2,973,190 km2 (1,147,960 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004-18">[12]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> See <a href="/wiki/Date_and_time_notation_in_India" title="Date and time notation in India">Date and time notation in India</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of India">Government of India</a> also gives <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> as a neighbouring country. It claims all of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> as the part of India. But <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">disputes</a> this claim. Pakistan controls the region of Kashmir bordering Afghanistan. Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150317182910/https://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/BMIntro-1011.pdf">"Ministry of Home Affairs (Department of Border Management)"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/BMIntro-1011.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 1 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+Home+Affairs+%28Department+of+Border+Management%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmha.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmha%2Ffiles%2FBMIntro-1011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: References">change source</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005-1">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005_1-1">1.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Informatics_Centre2005_1-2">1.2</a> <a href="#CITEREFNational_Informatics_Centre2005">National Informatics Centre 2005</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNational_Informatics_Centre2005 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-india.gov.in-3">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-india.gov.in_3-0">2.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-india.gov.in_3-1">2.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-india.gov.in_3-2">2.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-india.gov.in_3-3">2.3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170204121208/https://india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols">"National Symbols | National Portal of India"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=India.gov.in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India.gov.in (not yet started)">India.gov.in</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://india.gov.in/india-glance/national-symbols">the original</a> on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017. <q>The National Anthem of India Jana Gana Mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Symbols+%26%23124%3B+National+Portal+of+India&rft.pub=India.gov.in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Findia-glance%2Fnational-symbols&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tatsama-4"><a href="#cite_ref-tatsama_4-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417194530/https://www.news18.com/news/india/national-anthem-of-india-a-brief-on-jana-gana-mana-498576.html">"National anthem of India: a brief on 'Jana Gana Mana'"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=News18_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="News18 India (not yet started)">News18</a>. 14 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/national-anthem-of-india-a-brief-on-jana-gana-mana-498576.html">the original</a> on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=National+anthem+of+India%3A+a+brief+on+%27Jana+Gana+Mana%27&rft.date=2012-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news18.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fnational-anthem-of-india-a-brief-on-jana-gana-mana-498576.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolpert20031-5"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolpert20031_5-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolpert2003">Wolpert 2003</a>, p. 1. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWolpert2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_1960-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_1960_8-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_1960">Ministry of Home Affairs 1960</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMinistry_of_Home_Affairs_1960 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-india.gov.in2-9"><a href="#cite_ref-india.gov.in2_9-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130830064815/https://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile">"Profile | National Portal of India"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=India.gov.in&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India.gov.in (not yet started)">India.gov.in</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://india.gov.in/india-glance/profile">the original</a> on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+%26%23124%3B+National+Portal+of+India&rft.pub=India.gov.in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findia.gov.in%2Findia-glance%2Fprofile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/constitutional-provisions">"Constitutional Provisions – Official Language Related Part-17 of the Constitution of India"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Department_of_Official_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Department of Official Language (not yet started)">Department of Official Language</a> via <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418112326/https://rajbhasha.gov.in/en/constitutional-provisions">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Official+Language+via+Government+of+India&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Provisions+%E2%80%93+Official+Language+Related+Part-17+of+the+Constitution+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frajbhasha.gov.in%2Fen%2Fconstitutional-provisions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-langoff-12"><a href="#cite_ref-langoff_12-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/https://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf">"50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2012 to June 2013)"</a> (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs (not yet started)">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 26 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=50th+Report+of+the+Commissioner+for+Linguistic+Minorities+in+India+%28July+2012+to+June+2013%29&rft.pub=Commissioner+for+Linguistic+Minorities%2C+Ministry+of+Minority+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnclm.nic.in%2Fshared%2Flinkimages%2FNCLM50thReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue-14"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue_14-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLewis,_M._PaulSimons,_Gary_F.Fennig,_Charles_D.2014" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/country/IN">"Ethnologue: Languages of the World : India"</a> (17th ed.). Dallas, Texas: <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> by SIL International. Retrieved 15 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World+%3A+India&rft.place=Dallas%2C+Texas&rft.edition=17th&rft.pub=Ethnologue+by+SIL+International&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fcountry%2FIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethnologue2-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Ethnologue2_15-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141217151950/https://archive.ethnologue.com/15/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=area">"Ethnologue : Languages of the World (Seventeenth edition) : Statistical Summaries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethnologue" title="Ethnologue">Ethnologue</a> by SIL International. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.ethnologue.com/15/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=area">the original</a> on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethnologue+%3A+Languages+of+the+World+%28Seventeenth+edition%29+%3A+Statistical+Summaries&rft.pub=Ethnologue+by+SIL+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.ethnologue.com%2F15%2Fethno_docs%2Fdistribution.asp%3Fby%3Darea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census2011religion-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Census2011religion_17-0">↑</a> Cite error: The named reference <code>Census2011religion</code> was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELibrary_of_Congress2004_18-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2004">Library of Congress 2004</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-WPP_UN-20"><a href="#cite_ref-WPP_UN_20-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations"</a>. population.un.org. Retrieved 2 July 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=population.un.org&rft.atitle=World+Population+Prospects+%E2%80%93+Population+Division+%E2%80%93+United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522213913/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html">"Population Enumeration Data (Final Population)"</a>. 2011 Census Data. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (not yet started)">Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/population_enumeration.html">the original</a> on 22 May 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Census+Data&rft.atitle=Population+Enumeration+Data+%28Final+Population%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2Fpopulation_enumeration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430213141/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A-2_Data_Tables/00%20A%202-India.pdf">"A – 2 Decadal Variation in Population Since 1901"</a> (PDF). 2011 Census Data. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (not yet started)">Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A-2_Data_Tables/00%20A%202-India.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Census+Data&rft.atitle=A+%E2%80%93+2+Decadal+Variation+in+Population+Since+1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FA-2_Data_Tables%2F00%2520A%25202-India.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.IN-23">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_23-0">16.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_23-1">16.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_23-2">16.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.IN_23-3">16.3</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=534,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, April Edition. (India)"</a>. www.imf.org. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.imf.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+Edition.+%28India%29&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D534%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2022%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=IN">"Gini index (World Bank estimate) – India"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29+%E2%80%93+India&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Flocations%3DIN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNHDR-25"><a href="#cite_ref-UNHDR_25-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/24"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F24&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldstandards.eu/cars/list-of-left-driving-countries/">"List of all left- & right-driving countries around the world"</a>. worldstandards.eu. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldstandards.eu&rft.atitle=List+of+all+left-+%26+right-driving+countries+around+the+world&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstandards.eu%2Fcars%2Flist-of-left-driving-countries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yjcOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA76">The Essential Desk Reference</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2002, p. 76, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512873-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512873-4"><bdi>978-0-19-512873-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Desk+Reference&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512873-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyjcOAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India."; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Da_Graça2017" class="citation cs2">John Da Graça (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M0YfDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA421">Heads of State and Government</a>, London: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Macmillan_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macmillan Publishers (not yet started)">Macmillan</a>, p. 421, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-65771-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-65771-1"><bdi>978-1-349-65771-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heads+of+State+and+Government&rft.place=London&rft.pages=421&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-349-65771-1&rft.au=John+Da+Gra%C3%A7a&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM0YfDgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya (Hindi)"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Rhind2017" class="citation cs2">Graham Rhind (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGdQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA302">Global Sourcebook of Address Data Management: A Guide to Address Formats and Data in 194 Countries</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Taylor_%26_Francis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taylor & Francis (not yet started)">Taylor & Francis</a>, p. 302, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-93326-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-351-93326-1"><bdi>978-1-351-93326-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Sourcebook+of+Address+Data+Management%3A+A+Guide+to+Address+Formats+and+Data+in+194+Countries&rft.pages=302&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-93326-1&rft.au=Graham+Rhind&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiGdQDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India; Bharat."; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBradnock2015" class="citation cs2">Bradnock, Robert W. (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108">The Routledge Atlas of South Asian Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, p. 108, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-40511-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-40511-5"><bdi>978-1-317-40511-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Atlas+of+South+Asian+Affairs&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-40511-5&rft.aulast=Bradnock&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzzjbCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: English: Republic of India; Hindi:Bharat Ganarajya"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC&pg=PA140">Penguin Compact Atlas of the World</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Group">Penguin</a>, 2012, p. 140, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-9859-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7566-9859-1"><bdi>978-0-7566-9859-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Compact+Atlas+of+the+World&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7566-9859-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpLw-ReHIgvQC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA515">Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary</a> (3rd ed.), <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>, 1997, pp. 515–516, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-546-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87779-546-9"><bdi>978-0-87779-546-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster%27s+Geographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=515-516&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-87779-546-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCo_VIPIJerIC%26pg%3DPA515&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Officially, Republic of India"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O5moCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54-IA10">Complete Atlas of the World: The Definitive View of the Earth</a> (3rd ed.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=DK_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DK Publishing (not yet started)">DK Publishing</a>, 2016, p. 54, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-5528-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4654-5528-4"><bdi>978-1-4654-5528-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Complete+Atlas+of+the+World%3A+The+Definitive+View+of+the+Earth&rft.pages=54&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=DK+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4654-5528-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO5moCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA54-IA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "Official name: Republic of India"; –<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CQWhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA726">Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=CQ_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CQ Press (not yet started)">CQ Press</a>, 2013, p. 726, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-9937-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-9937-2"><bdi>978-1-4522-9937-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worldwide+Government+Directory+with+Intergovernmental+Organizations+2013&rft.pages=726&rft.pub=CQ+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-9937-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQWhAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> "India (Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya)" </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBarrow2003" class="citation journal cs1">Barrow, Ian J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/085640032000063977">"From Hindustan to India: Naming Change in Changing Names"</a>. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 26 (1): 37–49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F085640032000063977">10.1080/085640032000063977</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0085-6401">0085-6401</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=South+Asia%3A+Journal+of+South+Asian+Studies&rft.atitle=From+Hindustan+to+India%3A+Naming+Change+in+Changing+Names&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37-49&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F085640032000063977&rft.issn=0085-6401&rft.aulast=Barrow&rft.aufirst=Ian+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F085640032000063977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEllis-Petersen2023" class="citation news cs1">Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (24 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/24/india-overtakes-china-to-become-worlds-most-populous-country">"India overtakes China to become world's most populous country"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 29 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=India+overtakes+China+to+become+world%E2%80%99s+most+populous+country&rft.date=2023-04-24&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Ellis-Petersen&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fapr%2F24%2Findia-overtakes-china-to-become-worlds-most-populous-country&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2012327-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMetcalfMetcalf2012327_31-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2012">Metcalf & Metcalf 2012</a>, p. 327: "Even though much remains to be done, especially in regard to eradicating poverty and securing effective structures of governance, India's achievements since independence in sustaining freedom and democracy have been singular among the world's new nations." sfn error: no target: CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2012 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-stein-arnold-32"><a href="#cite_ref-stein-arnold_32-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStein2012" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burton_Stein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burton Stein (not yet started)">Stein, Burton</a> (2012), <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Arnold_(historian)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Arnold (historian) (not yet started)">Arnold, David</a> (ed.), A History of India, The Blackwell History of the World Series (2 ed.), Wiley-Blackwell, <q>One of these is the idea of India as 'the world's largest democracy', but a democracy forged less by the creation of representative institutions and expanding electorate under British rule than by the endeavours of India's founding fathers – Gandhi, Nehru, Patel and Ambedkar – and the labours of the Constituent Assembly between 1946 and 1949, embodied in the Indian constitution of 1950. This democratic order, reinforced by the regular holding of nationwide elections and polling for the state assemblies, has, it can be argued, consistently underpinned a fundamentally democratic state structure – despite the anomaly of the Emergency and the apparent durability of the Gandhi-Nehru dynasty.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+India&rft.series=The+Blackwell+History+of+the+World+Series&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher2018184–185-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher2018184–185_33-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFisher2018">Fisher 2018</a>, pp. 184–185: "Since 1947, India's internal disputes over its national identity, while periodically bitter and occasionally punctuated by violence, have been largely managed with remarkable and sustained commitment to national unity and democracy." sfn error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-PetragliaAllchin-35"><a href="#cite_ref-PetragliaAllchin_35-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPetragliaAllchin2007">Petraglia & Allchin 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm9GfjNlnRwC&pg=PA10">10</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFPetragliaAllchin2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka." </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson2018p1-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson2018p1_36-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1">1</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), "Modern human beings—Homo sapiens—originated in Africa. Then, intermittently, sometime between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago, tiny groups of them began to enter the north-west of the Indian subcontinent. It seems likely that initially they came by way of the coast. ... it is virtually certain that there were Homo sapiens in the subcontinent 55,000 years ago, even though the earliest fossils that have been found of them date to only about 30,000 years before the present." </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher2018p23-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher2018p23_37-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFisher2018">Fisher 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23">23</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), "Scholars estimate that the first successful expansion of the Homo sapiens range beyond Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula occurred from as early as 80,000 years ago to as late as 40,000 years ago, although there may have been prior unsuccessful emigrations. Some of their descendants extended the human range ever further in each generation, spreading into each habitable land they encountered. One human channel was along the warm and productive coastal lands of the Persian Gulf and northern Indian Ocean. Eventually, various bands entered India between 75,000 years ago and 35,000 years ago." </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson2018-28a-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson2018-28a_38-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28">28</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Combined-2-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Combined-2_39-0">↑</a> (a) <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">4–5</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>); (b) <a href="#CITEREFFisher2018">Fisher 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23">33</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lowe2015-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Lowe2015_40-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFLowe2015" class="citation book cs1">Lowe, John J. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L07CBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA2">Participles in Rigvedic Sanskrit: The syntax and semantics of adjectival verb forms</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 1–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100505-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100505-3"><bdi>978-0-19-100505-3</bdi></a>. <q>(The Rigveda) consists of 1,028 hymns (suktas), highly crafted poetic compositions originally intended for recital during rituals and for the invocation of and communication with the Indo-Aryan gods. Modern scholarly opinion largely agrees that these hymns were composed between around 1500 BCE and 1200 BCE, during the eastward migration of the Indo-Aryan tribes from the mountains of what is today northern Afghanistan across the Punjab into north India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Participles+in+Rigvedic+Sanskrit%3A+The+syntax+and+semantics+of+adjectival+verb+forms&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-100505-3&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL07CBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Combined-4-Rigveda-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Combined-4-Rigveda_41-0">↑</a> (a) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWitzel2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Witzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Witzel (not yet started)">Witzel, Michael</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKBxa-MNqA8C&pg=PA68">"Vedas and Upanisads"</a>. In Gavin Flood (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Wiley_%26_Sons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Wiley & Sons (not yet started)">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. 68–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-99868-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-99868-7"><bdi>978-0-470-99868-7</bdi></a>. <q>It is known from internal evidence that the Vedic texts were orally composed in northern India, at first in the Greater Punjab and later on also in more eastern areas, including northern Bihar, between ca. 1500 BCE and ca. 500–400 BCE. The oldest text, the Rgveda, must have been more or less contemporary with the Mitanni texts of northern Syria/Iraq (1450–1350 BCE); ... The Vedic texts were orally composed and transmitted, without the use of script, in an unbroken line of transmission from teacher to student that was formalised early on. This ensured an impeccable textual transmission superior to the classical texts of other cultures; it is in fact something of a tape-recording of ca. 1500–500 BCE. Not just the actual words, but even the long-lost musical (tonal) accent (as in old Greek or in Japanese) has been preserved up to the present. (pp. 68–69) ... The RV text was composed before the introduction and massive use of iron, that is before ca. 1200–1000 BCE. (p. 70)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Vedas+and+Upanisads&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Hinduism&rft.pages=68-70&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-99868-7&rft.aulast=Witzel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKBxa-MNqA8C%26pg%3DPA68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> (b) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDoniger2014" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wendy_Doniger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wendy Doniger (not yet started)">Doniger, Wendy</a> (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fUnaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR18">On Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, pp. xviii, 10, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-936009-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-936009-3"><bdi>978-0-19-936009-3</bdi></a>, <q>A Chronology of Hinduism: ca. 1500–1000 BCE Rig Veda; ca. 1200–900 BCE Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda (p. xviii); Hindu texts began with the Rig Veda ('Knowledge of Verses'), composed in northwest India around 1500 BCE (p. 10)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Hinduism&rft.pages=xviii%2C+10&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-19-936009-3&rft.aulast=Doniger&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfUnaAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> (c) <a href="#CITEREFLudden2014">Ludden 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pBq9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19">19</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLudden2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), "In Punjab, a dry region with grasslands watered by five rivers (hence 'panch' and 'ab') draining the western Himalayas, one prehistoric culture left no material remains, but some of its ritual texts were preserved orally over the millennia. The culture is called Aryan, and evidence in its texts indicates that it spread slowly south-east, following the course of the Yamuna and Ganga Rivers. Its elite called itself Arya (pure) and distinguished themselves sharply from others. Aryans led kin groups organized as nomadic horse-herding tribes. Their ritual texts are called Vedas, composed in Sanskrit. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vedic_Sanskrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vedic Sanskrit (not yet started)">Vedic Sanskrit</a> is recorded only in hymns that were part of Vedic rituals to Aryan gods. To be Aryan apparently meant to belong to the elite among pastoral tribes. Texts that record Aryan culture are not precisely datable, but they seem to begin around 1200 BCE with four collections of Vedic hymns (Rg, Sama, Yajur, and Artharva)." (d) <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14">14–15</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), "Although the collapse of the Indus valley civilization is no longer believed to have been due to an 'Aryan invasion' it is widely thought that, at roughly the same time, or perhaps a few centuries later, new Indo-Aryan-speaking people and influences began to enter the subcontinent from the north-west. Detailed evidence is lacking. Nevertheless, a predecessor of the language that would eventually be called Sanskrit was probably introduced into the north-west sometime between 3,900 and 3,000 years ago. This language was related to one then spoken in eastern Iran; and both of these languages belonged to the Indo-European language family. ... It seems likely that various small-scale migrations were involved in the gradual introduction of the predecessor language and associated cultural characteristics. However, there may not have been a tight relationship between movements of people on the one hand, and changes in language and culture on the other. Moreover, the process whereby a dynamic new force gradually arose—a people with a distinct ideology who eventually seem to have referred to themselves as 'Arya'—was certainly two-way. That is, it involved a blending of new features which came from outside with other features—probably including some surviving Harappan influences—that were already present. Anyhow, it would be quite a few centuries before Sanskrit was written down. And the hymns and stories of the Arya people—especially the Vedas and the later Mahabharata and Ramayana epics—are poor guides as to historical events. Of course, the emerging Arya were to have a huge impact on the history of the subcontinent. Nevertheless, little is known about their early presence."; (e) <a href="#CITEREFRobb2011">Robb 2011</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GQ-2VH1LO_EC&pg=PA46">46–</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRobb2011 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>), "The expansion of Aryan culture is supposed to have begun around 1500 BCE. It should not be thought that this Aryan emergence (though it implies some migration) necessarily meant either a sudden invasion of new peoples, or a complete break with earlier traditions. It comprises a set of cultural ideas and practices, upheld by a Sanskrit-speaking elite, or Aryans. The features of this society are recorded in the Vedas." </li> <li id="cite_note-Combined-3-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Combined-3_42-0">↑</a> (a) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJamisonBrereton2020" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_W._Jamison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie W. Jamison (not yet started)">Jamison, Stephanie</a>; Brereton, Joel (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1LTRDwAAQBAJ">The Rigveda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, pp. 2, 4, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-063339-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-063339-4"><bdi>978-0-19-063339-4</bdi></a>, <q>The RgVeda is one of the four Vedas, which together constitute the oldest texts in Sanskrit and the earliest evidence for what will become Hinduism. (p. 2) Although Vedic religion is very different in many regards from what is known as Classical Hinduism, the seeds are there. Gods like Visnu and Siva (under the name Rudra), who will become so dominant later, are already present in the Rgveda, though in roles both lesser than and different from those they will later play, and the principal Rgvedic gods like Indra remain in later Hinduism, though in diminished capacity (p. 4).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rigveda&rft.pages=2%2C+4&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-063339-4&rft.aulast=Jamison&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Brereton%2C+Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1LTRDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">; (b) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFlood2020" class="citation cs2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gavin_Flood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gavin Flood (not yet started)">Flood, Gavin</a> (2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4yT3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">"Introduction"</a>, in Gavin Flood (ed.), The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Practice: Hindu Practice, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, pp. 4–, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-105322-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-105322-1"><bdi>978-0-19-105322-1</bdi></a>, <q>I take the term 'Hinduism to meaningfully denote a range and history of practice characterised by a number of features, particularly reference to Vedic textual and sacrificial origins, belonging to endogamous social units (jati/varna), participating in practices that involve making an offering to a deity and receiving a blessing (puja), and a first-level cultural polytheism (although many Hindus adhere to a second-level monotheism in which many gods are regarded as emanations or manifestations of the one, supreme being).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Hinduism%3A+Hindu+Practice%3A+Hindu+Practice&rft.pages=4-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-19-105322-1&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4yT3DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">; (c) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMichaels2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Axel_Michaels&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axel Michaels (not yet started)">Michaels, Axel</a> (2017). Patrick Olivelle, Donald R. Davis (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QAJCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA86">The Oxford History of Hinduism: Hindu Law: A New History of Dharmaśāstra</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 86–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100709-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-100709-5"><bdi>978-0-19-100709-5</bdi></a>. <q>Almost all traditional Hindu families observe until today at least three samskaras (initiation, marriage, and death ritual). Most other rituals have lost their popularity, are combined with other rites of passage, or are drastically shortened. Although samskaras vary from region to region, from class (varna) to class, and from caste to caste, their core elements remain the same owing to the common source, the Veda, and a common priestly tradition preserved by the Brahmin priests. (p 86)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Hinduism%3A+Hindu+Law%3A+A+New+History+of+Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=86-97&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-100709-5&rft.aulast=Michaels&rft.aufirst=Axel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQAJCDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> (d) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFFlood1996" class="citation book cs1">Flood, Gavin D. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C&pg=PA35">An Introduction to Hinduism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43878-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-43878-0"><bdi>978-0-521-43878-0</bdi></a>. <q>It is this Sansrit, vedic, tradition which has maintained a continuity into modern times and which has provided the most important resource and inspiration for Hindu traditions and individuals. The Veda is the foundation for most later developments in what is known as Hinduism.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Hinduism&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43878-0&rft.aulast=Flood&rft.aufirst=Gavin+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKpIWhKnYmF0C%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Combined-4-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Combined-4_43-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16">16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA25">25</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson2018-16a-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson2018-16a_44-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16">16</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher2018-59-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher2018-59_45-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFFisher2018">Fisher 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">59</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFisher2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson2018-219-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson2018-219_46-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA219">219</a>, 262 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/india/nuke/index.html">"India Nuclear Forces"</a>. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 11 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Nuclear+Forces&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fnuke%2Fguide%2Findia%2Fnuke%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_clocks_7.5%_growth_in_January-March_quarter,_becomes_world's_fastest_growing_economy-48"><a href="#cite_ref-India_clocks_7.5%_growth_in_January-March_quarter,_becomes_world's_fastest_growing_economy_48-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/node/2090462%20DNA,Indian%20economy%20overtaken%20china%20growth%20rate">"India clocks 7.5% growth in January-March quarter, becomes world's fastest growing economy"</a>. DNA India. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+India&rft.atitle=India+clocks+7.5%25+growth+in+January-March+quarter%2C+becomes+world%27s+fastest+growing+economy&rft.date=2015-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fnode%2F2090462%2520DNA%2CIndian%2520economy%2520overtaken%2520china%2520growth%2520rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2013" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Gyanant (16 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/india-economic-wealth-literacy-rising-court-cases-report-india-today/1/242401.html">"Rising economic wealth and literacy behind increase of court cases, claims report"</a>. India Today. Retrieved 11 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Rising+economic+wealth+and+literacy+behind+increase+of+court+cases%2C+claims+report&rft.date=2013-01-16&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Gyanant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Findia-economic-wealth-literacy-rising-court-cases-report-india-today%2F1%2F242401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_on_10_wealthiest_country_list,_takes_5th_spot-50"><a href="#cite_ref-India_on_10_wealthiest_country_list,_takes_5th_spot_50-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-on-10-wealthiest-country-list-takes-7th-spot/articleshow/53825462.cms">"India on 10 wealthiest country list, takes 5th spot"</a>. The Times of India. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=India+on+10+wealthiest+country+list%2C+takes+5th+spot&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FIndia-on-10-wealthiest-country-list-takes-7th-spot%2Farticleshow%2F53825462.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India's_large_population_helps_push_it_to_7th_position_in_wealthiest_nations_list-51"><a href="#cite_ref-India's_large_population_helps_push_it_to_7th_position_in_wealthiest_nations_list_51-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/indicators/indias-large-population-helps-push-it-to-7th-position-in-wealthiest-nations-list/articleshow/53825341.cms">"India's large population helps push it to 5th position in wealthiest nations list"</a>. The Economic Times. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=India%27s+large+population+helps+push+it+to+5th+position+in+wealthiest+nations+list&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Feconomy%2Findicators%2Findias-large-population-helps-push-it-to-7th-position-in-wealthiest-nations-list%2Farticleshow%2F53825341.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2023/08/25/in-the-indian-state-of-haryana-hindu-extremists-are-hunting-down-muslims-with-impunity_6107478_4.html">"Hindu extremists are 'hunting down' Muslims, with impunity"</a>. Le Monde.fr. 25 August 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.atitle=Hindu+extremists+are+%27hunting+down%27+Muslims%2C+with+impunity&rft.date=2023-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2023%2F08%2F25%2Fin-the-indian-state-of-haryana-hindu-extremists-are-hunting-down-muslims-with-impunity_6107478_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dyson2018-216-a-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Dyson2018-216-a_53-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDyson2018">Dyson 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA216">216</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDyson2018 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-MetcalfMetcalf2012-266-54"><a href="#cite_ref-MetcalfMetcalf2012-266_54-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2012">Metcalf & Metcalf 2012</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mjIfqyY7jlsC&pg=PA266">266</a> harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMetcalfMetcalf2012 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-kashmir-disputes-55"><a href="#cite_ref-kashmir-disputes_55-0">↑</a> (a) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">"Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813203817/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2019, retrieved 15 August 2019, <q>Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashmir%2C+region+Indian+subcontinent&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">; (b) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPletcher" class="citation cs2">Pletcher, Kenneth, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin">"Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402090308/https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin">archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2019, retrieved 16 August 2019, <q>Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, ... constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aksai+Chin%2C+Plateau+Region%2C+Asia&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Pletcher&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAksai-Chin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988">; (c) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bosworth, C. E (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328">"Kashmir"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a>: Jefferson to Latin. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scholastic_Library_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scholastic Library Publishing (not yet started)">Scholastic Library Publishing</a>. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0139-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0139-6"><bdi>978-0-7172-0139-6</bdi></a>. <q>KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partly by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashmir&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana%3A+Jefferson+to+Latin&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Scholastic+Library+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_cWAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/enterprise-faq/which-countries-have-most-languages">"Which countries have the most languages?"</a>. Ethnologue. 8 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue&rft.atitle=Which+countries+have+the+most+languages%3F&rft.date=2023-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fenterprise-faq%2Fwhich-countries-have-most-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKramer" class="citation web cs1">Kramer, Stephanie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/09/21/key-findings-about-the-religious-composition-of-india/">"Key findings about the religious composition of India"</a>. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pew+Research+Center&rft.atitle=Key+findings+about+the+religious+composition+of+India&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2021%2F09%2F21%2Fkey-findings-about-the-religious-composition-of-india%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/94384#eid677811">"India (noun)"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (3rd ed.), 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=India+%28noun%29&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F94384%23eid677811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> (subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThieme1970447–450-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThieme1970447–450_59-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFThieme1970">Thieme 1970</a>, pp. 447–450. sfn error: no target: CITEREFThieme1970 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuiper201086-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuiper201086_60-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFKuiper2010">Kuiper 2010</a>, p. 86. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKuiper2010 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClémentin-Ojha2014-61">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClémentin-Ojha2014_61-0">52.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClémentin-Ojha2014_61-1">52.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFClémentin-Ojha2014">Clémentin-Ojha 2014</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFClémentin-Ojha2014 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140909230437/https://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf">The Constitution of India</a> (PDF), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Law_and_Justice_(India)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Law and Justice (India) (not yet started)">Ministry of Law and Justice</a>, 1 December 2007, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lawmin.nic.in/coi/coiason29july08.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 9 September 2014, retrieved 3 March 2012, <q>Article 1(1): India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+India&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Law+and+Justice&rft.date=2007-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flawmin.nic.in%2Fcoi%2Fcoiason29july08.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jha2014-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Jha2014_63-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJha2014" class="citation cs2">Jha, Dwijendra Narayan (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dqDgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">Rethinking Hindu Identity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, p. 11, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-49034-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-49034-0"><bdi>978-1-317-49034-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Hindu+Identity&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-317-49034-0&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Dwijendra+Narayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdqDgBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESingh2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiddYM4DwAAQBAJpgPA253_253]-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESingh2017[httpsbooksgooglecombooksiddYM4DwAAQBAJpgPA253_253]_64-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSingh2017">Singh 2017</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dYM4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA253">253</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSingh2017 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarrow2003-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarrow2003_65-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBarrow2003">Barrow 2003</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPaturiPatterson2016" class="citation book cs1">Paturi, Joseph; Patterson, Roger (2016). "Hinduism (with Hare Krishna)". In Hodge, Bodie; Patterson, Roger (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oCo5DAAAQBAJ">World Religions & Cults Volume 2: Moralistic, Mythical and Mysticism Religions</a>. United States: New Leaf Publishing Group. pp. 59–60. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89051-922-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89051-922-6"><bdi>978-0-89051-922-6</bdi></a>. <q>The actual term Hindu first occurs as a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the Indus River. The term Hindu originated as a geographical term and did not refer to a religion. Later, Hindu was taken by European languages from the Arabic term al-Hind, which referred to the people who lived across the Indus River. This Arabic term was itself taken from the Persian term Hindū, which refers to all Indians. By the 13th century, Hindustan emerged as a popular alternative name for India, meaning the "land of Hindus."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hinduism+%28with+Hare+Krishna%29&rft.btitle=World+Religions+%26+Cults+Volume+2%3A+Moralistic%2C+Mythical+and+Mysticism+Religions&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=59-60&rft.pub=New+Leaf+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-89051-922-6&rft.aulast=Paturi&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Patterson%2C+Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoCo5DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266465/Hindustan">"Hindustan"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, retrieved 17 July 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hindustan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F266465%2FHindustan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_TM-68"><a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_TM_68-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list">"Taj Mahal"</a>. World Heritage List. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 28 September 2007. <q>The World Heritage List includes 851 properties forming part of the cultural and natural heritage which the World Heritage Committee considers as having outstanding universal value.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Heritage+List&rft.atitle=Taj+Mahal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/dravidian-language-family-is-4500-years-old-study/article23314180.ece">"Dravidian language family is 4,500 years old: study"</a>. The Hindu. PTI. 21 March 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. Retrieved 25 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Dravidian+language+family+is+4%2C500+years+old%3A+study&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsci-tech%2Fscience%2Fdravidian-language-family-is-4500-years-old-study%2Farticle23314180.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJona_Lendering" class="citation web cs1">Jona Lendering. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/65IEUKA7W?url=http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html">"Maurya dynasty"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/man-md/mauryas/mauryas.html">the original</a> on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maurya+dynasty&rft.au=Jona+Lendering&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fman-md%2Fmauryas%2Fmauryas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webindia123.com/history/MEDIEVAL/history%20south.htm">"South India"</a>. Suni System Ltd. 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+India&rft.pub=Suni+System+Ltd.&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webindia123.com%2Fhistory%2FMEDIEVAL%2Fhistory%2520south.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161106165149/http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-were-main-achievements-raja-raja-chola-285062">"What were the main achievements of Raja Raja Chola and Rajendra Chola of the Chola dynasty in south India | eNotes"</a>. eNotes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-were-main-achievements-raja-raja-chola-285062">the original</a> on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eNotes&rft.atitle=What+were+the+main+achievements+of+Raja+Raja+Chola+and+Rajendra+Chola+of+the+Chola+dynasty+in+south+India+%7C+eNotes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enotes.com%2Fhomework-help%2Fwhat-were-main-achievements-raja-raja-chola-285062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121205034929/india_resource.tripod.com/eastindia.html">"From Trade to Colonization - Historic Dynamics of the East India Companies"</a>. 3 June 2007. paragraph 18. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india_resource.tripod.com/eastindia.html">the original</a> on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Trade+to+Colonization+-+Historic+Dynamics+of+the+East+India+Companies&rft.pages=paragraph+18&rft.date=2007-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findia_resource.tripod.com%2Feastindia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_3-74"><a href="#cite_ref-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_3_74-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1">Concise Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersly Limited. 1997. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-5911-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-5911-4"><bdi>0-7513-5911-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersly+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7513-5911-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-India_is_a_Nuclear_State-75"><a href="#cite_ref-India_is_a_Nuclear_State_75-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nti.org/e_research/profiles/India/index.html">"India Profile"</a>. NTI. 2003. Retrieved 20 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+Profile&rft.pub=NTI&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Fe_research%2Fprofiles%2FIndia%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMontek_S._Ahluwalia2002" class="citation web cs1">Montek S. Ahluwalia (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304170307/http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/speech/spemsa/msa008.doc">"Economic Reforms in India since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?"</a>. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planningcommission.nic.in/aboutus/speech/spemsa/msa008.doc">the original</a> (MS Word) on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 13 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Reforms+in+India+since+1991%3A+Has+Gradualism+Worked%3F&rft.pub=Journal+of+Economic+Perspectives&rft.date=2002&rft.au=Montek+S.+Ahluwalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanningcommission.nic.in%2Faboutus%2Fspeech%2Fspemsa%2Fmsa008.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands,+India/@10.213225,91.00633,7z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3064a00f2b650ff3:0xce80055648fccb2c!8m2!3d11.7400867!4d92.6586401?hl=en">"Andaman and Nicobar Islands · India"</a>. Andaman and Nicobar Islands · India. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands+%C2%B7+India&rft.atitle=Andaman+and+Nicobar+Islands+%C2%B7+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fplace%2FAndaman%2Band%2BNicobar%2BIslands%2C%2BIndia%2F%4010.213225%2C91.00633%2C7z%2Fdata%3D%213m1%214b1%214m5%213m4%211s0x3064a00f2b650ff3%3A0xce80055648fccb2c%218m2%213d11.7400867%214d92.6586401%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sanilkumar-78"><a href="#cite_ref-sanilkumar_78-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, V. Sanil; Pathak, K. C.; Pednekar, P.; Raju, N. S. N. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drs.nio.org/drs/bitstream/2264/350/1/Curr_Sci_91_530.pdf">"Coastal processes along the Indian coastline"</a> (PDF). Current Science. 91 (4): 530–536.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Science&rft.atitle=Coastal+processes+along+the+Indian+coastline&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=530-536&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=V.+Sanil&rft.au=Pathak%2C+K.+C.&rft.au=Pednekar%2C+P.&rft.au=Raju%2C+N.+S.+N.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrs.nio.org%2Fdrs%2Fbitstream%2F2264%2F350%2F1%2FCurr_Sci_91_530.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006-79">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006_79-0">70.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006_79-1">70.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFKumarPathakPednekarRaju2006">Kumar et al. 2006</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4-80">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4_80-0">71.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4_80-1">71.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CONCISE_ENCYCLOPEDIA_4_80-2">71.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1">Concise Encyclopedia. Dorling Kindersley Limited. 1997. p. 333. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7513-5911-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7513-5911-4"><bdi>0-7513-5911-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=333&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-7513-5911-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosey1994118-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosey1994118_81-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPosey1994">Posey 1994</a>, p. 118. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPosey1994 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolpert20034-82"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolpert20034_82-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWolpert2003">Wolpert 2003</a>, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWolpert2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnellCalvert1999125-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnellCalvert1999125_83-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBurnellCalvert1999">Burnell & Calvert 1999</a>, p. 125. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBurnellCalvert1999 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-largestdem1-84"><a href="#cite_ref-largestdem1_84-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1154019.stm">"Country profile: India"</a>. BBC. 19 April 2012. Retrieved 14 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+profile%3A+India&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2Fcountry_profiles%2F1154019.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission_of_India-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElection_Commission_of_India_85-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFElection_Commission_of_India">Election Commission of India</a>. sfn error: no target: CITEREFElection_Commission_of_India (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSáezSinha2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sáez, Lawrence; Sinha, Aseema (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-political-science_2010-01_40_1/page/91">"Political cycles, political institutions and public expenditure in India, 1980–2000"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Journal_of_Political_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Journal of Political Science (not yet started)">British Journal of Political Science</a>. 40 (1): 91–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0007123409990226">10.1017/s0007123409990226</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0007-1234">0007-1234</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154767259">154767259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=Political+cycles%2C+political+institutions+and+public+expenditure+in+India%2C+1980%E2%80%932000&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=91-113&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154767259%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0007-1234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0007123409990226&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1ez&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.au=Sinha%2C+Aseema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_british-journal-of-political-science_2010-01_40_1%2Fpage%2F91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMalikSingh1992318–336_87-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMalikSingh1992">Malik & Singh 1992</a>, pp. 318–336. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMalikSingh1992 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanerjee20053118-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanerjee20053118_88-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFBanerjee2005">Banerjee 2005</a>, p. 3118. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBanerjee2005 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHalarnkar2012" class="citation news cs1">Halarnkar, Samar (13 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-18352532">"Narendra Modi makes his move"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <q>The right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India's primary opposition party</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Narendra+Modi+makes+his+move&rft.date=2012-06-13&rft.aulast=Halarnkar&rft.aufirst=Samar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-18352532&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESarkar200784-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarkar200784_90-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSarkar2007">Sarkar 2007</a>, p. 84. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSarkar2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChander2004117-91"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChander2004117_91-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFChander2004">Chander 2004</a>, p. 117. sfn error: no target: CITEREFChander2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPylee2003a4-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPylee2003a4_92-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPylee2003a">Pylee 2003a</a>, p. 4. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPylee2003a (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDutt1998421-93"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDutt1998421_93-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFDutt1998">Dutt 1998</a>, p. 421. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDutt1998 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWheare198028-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWheare198028_94-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFWheare1980">Wheare 1980</a>, p. 28. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWheare1980 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEcheverri-Gent200219–20-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEcheverri-Gent200219–20_95-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFEcheverri-Gent2002">Echeverri-Gent 2002</a>, pp. 19–20. sfn error: no target: CITEREFEcheverri-Gent2002 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESinha200425-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESinha200425_96-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSinha2004">Sinha 2004</a>, p. 25. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSinha2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-97"><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_97-0">↑</a> <a href="https://simple.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India_(2020)" class="extiw" title="s:Constitution of India (2020)">Constitution of India</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGledhill1970127-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGledhill1970127_98-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGledhill1970">Gledhill 1970</a>, p. 127. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGledhill1970 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007161-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma2007161_99-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2007">Sharma 2007</a>, p. 161. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSharma2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007162-100">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma2007162_100-0">91.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma2007162_100-1">91.1</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2007">Sharma 2007</a>, p. 162. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSharma2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007143-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma2007143_101-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2007">Sharma 2007</a>, p. 143. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSharma2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma200731-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma200731_102-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2007">Sharma 2007</a>, p. 31. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSharma2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharma2007138-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharma2007138_103-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharma2007">Sharma 2007</a>, p. 138. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSharma2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGledhill1970112-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGledhill1970112_104-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGledhill1970">Gledhill 1970</a>, p. 112. sfn error: no target: CITEREFGledhill1970 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeuborne2003478-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeuborne2003478_105-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFNeuborne2003">Neuborne 2003</a>, p. 478. sfn error: no target: CITEREFNeuborne2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESripati1998423–424-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESripati1998423–424_106-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFSripati1998">Sripati 1998</a>, pp. 423–424. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSripati1998 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPylee2003b314-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPylee2003b314_107-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFPylee2003b">Pylee 2003b</a>, p. 314. sfn error: no target: CITEREFPylee2003b (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-LOC_PROFILE-108">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-LOC_PROFILE_108-0">99.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LOC_PROFILE_108-1">99.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LOC_PROFILE_108-2">99.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/India.pdf">"Country Profile: India"</a> (PDF). Library of Congress - Federal Research Division. December 2004. Retrieved 24 June 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Country+Profile%3A+India&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress+-+Federal+Research+Division&rft.date=2004-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Ffrd%2Fcs%2Fprofiles%2FIndia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">↑</a> IISS 2010, pp. 358 </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/06/18/MNRR11AJK9.DTL&type=science">India's army seeks military space program</a> San Francisco Chronicle. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip2023" class="citation web cs1">Philip, Snehesh Alex (27 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theprint.in/defence/india-largest-arms-importer-in-2018-2022-but-defence-exports-hit-all-time-high-of-rs-13399-cr-in-2022-23/1475142/">"India 'largest arms importer' in 2018-2022, but defence exports hit 'all-time high' of Rs 13,399 cr in 2022-23"</a>. ThePrint. Retrieved 2 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ThePrint&rft.atitle=India+%27largest+arms+importer%27+in+2018-2022%2C+but+defence+exports+hit+%27all-time+high%27+of+Rs+13%2C399+cr+in+2022-23&rft.date=2023-03-27&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Snehesh+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheprint.in%2Fdefence%2Findia-largest-arms-importer-in-2018-2022-but-defence-exports-hit-all-time-high-of-rs-13399-cr-in-2022-23%2F1475142%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/05/indian_pakistani_and_chinese_border_disputes">"Fantasy frontiers"</a>. The Economist Newspaper Limited. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fantasy+frontiers&rft.pub=The+Economist+Newspaper+Limited&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Fdailychart%2F2011%2F05%2Findian_pakistani_and_chinese_border_disputes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipbdMOI-113">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ipbdMOI_113-0">104.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipbdMOI_113-1">104.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipbdMOI_113-2">104.2</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/jammu-kashmir/india-pakistan-border-dispute.html">"India - Pakistan Border Dispute"</a>. Maps of India. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India+-+Pakistan+Border+Dispute&rft.pub=Maps+of+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mapsofindia.com%2Fjammu-kashmir%2Findia-pakistan-border-dispute.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-simlaCFR-114">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-simlaCFR_114-0">105.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-simlaCFR_114-1">105.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161008210826/http://www.cfr.org/tibet/convention-between-great-britain-china-tibet-simla-accord/p16007">"Convention Between Great Britain, China, and Tibet (Simla Accord)"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfr.org/tibet/convention-between-great-britain-china-tibet-simla-accord/p16007">the original</a> on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convention+Between+Great+Britain%2C+China%2C+and+Tibet+%28Simla+Accord%29&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Ftibet%2Fconvention-between-great-britain-china-tibet-simla-accord%2Fp16007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/china/2005/china-050405-irna01.htm">"China revives claims on Indian territory"</a>. Islamic Republic News Agency. Retrieved 26 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+revives+claims+on+Indian+territory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fwmd%2Flibrary%2Fnews%2Fchina%2F2005%2Fchina-050405-irna01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IPCS-116"><a href="#cite_ref-IPCS_116-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcs.org/article_details.php?articleNo=2322">"IPCS - Institute Of Peace & Conflict Studies"</a>. ipcs.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ipcs.org&rft.atitle=IPCS+-+Institute+Of+Peace+%26+Conflict+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcs.org%2Farticle_details.php%3FarticleNo%3D2322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-projected-gdp.php">"List of Countries by Projected GDP"</a>. Statistics Times. 21 October 2016. 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The World Factbook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.html">FIELD LISTING: POPULATION BELOW POVERTY LINE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221103537/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.html">Archived</a> 21 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard">"World Population Dashboard"</a>. United Nations Population Fund. 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Axios.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=India+will+surpass+China+in+population+next+year%2C+UN+projects&rft.date=2022-07-11&rft.aulast=Nocera&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2022%2F07%2F11%2Fchina-india-world-population-trends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Census_124-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070409015114/http://www.censusindia.net/results/index.html">"Census of India 2001"</a>. Census of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.net/results/index.html">the original</a> on 9 April 2007. 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Retrieved 10 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CIA+Factbook%3A+India&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables">"Census tables"</a>. censusindia.gov.in.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+tables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fcensus.website%2Fdata%2Fcensus-tables&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldman2007">Goldman 2007</a>, p. 23 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGoldman2007 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-Rine28-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Rine28_137-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFRinehart2004">Rinehart 2004</a>, p. 28 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRinehart2004 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3520384.stm">"Ancient Indians made 'rock music'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 19 March 2004. Retrieved 7 August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ancient+Indians+made+%27rock+music%27&rft.date=2004-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F3520384.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-139"><a href="#cite_ref-EB_139-0">↑</a> Adams, C. J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-38030/classification-of-religions">Classification of religions: Geographical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, 2007. Retrieved 5 September 2007 </li> <li id="cite_note-CensusRel-140"><a href="#cite_ref-CensusRel_140-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070812011525/http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/index.html">"Census of India 2001, Data on Religion"</a>. Census of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/">the original</a> on 12 August 2007. 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ABC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=India+Launches+Mars+Orbiter+Mission%2C+Heralds+New+Space+Race&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FTechnology%2Findia-launches-mars-orbiter-mission%2Fstory%3Fid%3D20793860&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/chandrayaan-3-mission-detailed-timeline/articleshow/102953638.cms">"Chandrayaan 3 Mission: Detailed timeline"</a>. Times Of India. 22 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+Of+India&rft.atitle=Chandrayaan+3+Mission%3A+Detailed+timeline&rft.date=2023-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fhome%2Fscience%2Fchandrayaan-3-mission-detailed-timeline%2Farticleshow%2F102953638.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/bollywood-100-how-big-indias-mammoth-film-industry-1236299">"Bollywood at 100: How Big is India's Mammoth Film Industry"</a>. International Business Times. 3 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Bollywood+at+100%3A+How+Big+is+India%27s+Mammoth+Film+Industry&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fbollywood-100-how-big-indias-mammoth-film-industry-1236299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soccer-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Soccer_144-0">↑</a> <a href="#CITEREFMajumdarBandyopadhyay2006">Majumdar & Bandyopadhyay 2006</a>, pp. 1–5 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMajumdarBandyopadhyay2006 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anand_crowned_World_champion-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Anand_crowned_World_champion_145-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/sports/2008/oct/29anand.htm">"Anand crowned World champion"</a>. Rediff. 29 October 2008. Retrieved 29 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anand+crowned+World+champion&rft.date=2008-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fsports%2F2008%2Foct%2F29anand.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AIndia" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=India&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">change</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=India&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites">change source</a>]</div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="padding:0.25em 0.5em 0.5em 0.75em;border:1px solid #aaa;background:#f9f9f9;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-bottom:0.75em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;"><div style="clear:both;">Find more about India at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/India" title="Search Wiktionary"><img alt="Search Wiktionary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/23px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/35px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/46px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></a> </td> <td style="padding-top:0.75em;"><a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/India" class="extiw" title="wikt:India">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/India" title="Search Commons"><img alt="Search Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a> </td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/India" class="extiw" title="commons:India">Media</a> from Commons </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/India" title="Search Wikinews"><img alt="Search Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/25px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="14" class="mw-file-element" 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<dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://india.gov.in/">Official entry portal</a> of the Government of India</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nic.in">Official directory</a> of Indian Government websites</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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Includes territory in both <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>. 2. Usually thought of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> for <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">historical</a> reasons. 3. Special territories. 4. Disputed territories. 5. 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arabian_Sea" title="Category:Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Commonwealth_nations" title="Template:Commonwealth nations"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Commonwealth_nations" title="Template talk:Commonwealth nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Commonwealth_nations&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations">Members of the</a> <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a> (Members)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini (Swaziland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiribati" title="Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvalu" title="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> of Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands" title="Ashmore and Cartier Islands">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Antarctic_Territory" title="Australian Antarctic Territory">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coral_Sea_Islands" title="Coral Sea Islands">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands" title="Heard Island and McDonald Islands">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Zealand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands" title="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niue" title="Niue">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Dependency" title="Ross Dependency">Ross Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokelau" title="Tokelau">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Internal/142227/members/">Commonwealth Secretariat - Member States</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122492"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9122447"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_League" title="Template:Arab League"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_League" title="Template talk:Arab League"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Arab_League&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*Category&#124;link=&#124;16x16px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;alt=_Arab_League_*List-Class_article&#124;link=&#124;16x16px&#124;class=noviewer&#124;alt=_Lists"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Arab League (not yet started)">Arab League</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lists_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lists of the Arab League (not yet started)">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politics_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Politics of the Arab League (not yet started)">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charter_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charter of the Arab League (not yet started)">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Council_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of the Arab League (not yet started)">Council</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flag of the Arab League (not yet started)">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_the_Arab_world&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geography of the Arab world (not yet started)">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Headquarters_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headquarters of the Arab League (not yet started)">Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Arab League (not yet started)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Military_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Military of the Arab League (not yet started)">Military</a></li> <li>Joint Defence Council</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Parliament&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Parliament (not yet started)">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arab_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arab Union (not yet started)">Arab Union</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/55px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/83px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg/110px-Emblem_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="450" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Member_states_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Member states of the Arab League (not yet started)">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foreign relations of the Arab League (not yet started)">Foreign relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demographics of the Arab League (not yet started)">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Economy_of_the_Arab_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Economy of the Arab League (not yet started)">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Arab_League_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Arab League countries by GDP (nominal) (not yet started)">GDP</a></li> <li><a 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