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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteníu" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteníu</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover a la barra llateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">despintar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Entamu</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nomenclatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomenclatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nomenclatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomenclatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diverxencia_ente_l'idioma_ruteno_lliterariu_y_el_rusu_lliterariu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diverxencia_ente_l'idioma_ruteno_lliterariu_y_el_rusu_lliterariu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diverxencia ente l'idioma ruteno lliterariu y el rusu lliterariu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diverxencia_ente_l'idioma_ruteno_lliterariu_y_el_rusu_lliterariu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continuación_de_la_influencia_polaca" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continuación_de_la_influencia_polaca"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Continuación de la influencia polaca</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continuación_de_la_influencia_polaca-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuevos_idiomes_nacionales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuevos_idiomes_nacionales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nuevos idiomes nacionales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuevos_idiomes_nacionales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referencies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar subsección Referencies</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Referencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaces_esternos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaces_esternos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Enllaces esternos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaces_esternos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteníu" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Idioma ruteno</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 44 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 llingües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_rut%C3%A9n" title="Idioma rutén – aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma rutén" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="لغة روثينية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة روثينية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99rbi_rus_dili" title="Qərbi rus dili – azerbaixanu" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qərbi rus dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaixanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Старабеларуская мова – bielorrusu" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Старабеларуская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Старабеларуская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Старабеларуская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Рутенски език – búlgaru" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рутенски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruten_tili" title="Ruten tili – turcu de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Ruten tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcu de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruten%C5%A1tina" title="Rutenština – checu" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rutenština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%99%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A_%D1%A9%EA%99%81%EA%99%91%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Ꙁападьнороусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – eslávicu eclesiásticu" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Ꙁападьнороусьскъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslávicu eclesiásticu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%C4%95%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%C4%83%C3%A7_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%80%C4%83%D1%81_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Хĕвеланăç вырăс чĕлхи – chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хĕвеланăç вырăс чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutensk" title="Rutensk – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rutensk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenische_Sprache" title="Ruthenische Sprache – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruthenische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC" title="Ρουθενιανά – griegu" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουθενιανά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenian_language" title="Ruthenian language – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruthenian language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutena_lingvo" title="Rutena lingvo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rutena lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ruteno" title="Idioma ruteno – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma ruteno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanavalgevene_keel" title="Vanavalgevene keel – estoniu" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vanavalgevene keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruteniera" title="Ruteniera – vascu" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruteniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="vascu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان روتنی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان روتنی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%C3%A8ne" title="Ruthène – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruthène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ual-Ruteensk" title="Ual-Ruteensk – frisón del norte" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ual-Ruteensk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón del norte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_rutena_antiga" title="Lingua rutena antiga – gallegu" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua rutena antiga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallegu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA" title="רותנית מערבית – hebréu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רותנית מערבית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebréu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A9n_nyelv" title="Rutén nyelv – húngaru" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rutén nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Rutenia" title="Bahasa Rutenia – indonesiu" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Rutenia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E8%AA%9E" title="ルーシ語 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルーシ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%ED%85%8C%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%96%B4" title="루테니아어 – coreanu" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루테니아어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Ruthenica_antiqua" title="Lingua Ruthenica antiqua – llatín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Ruthenica antiqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rus%C4%97n%C5%B3_kalba" title="Rusėnų kalba – lituanu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusėnų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C4%93%C5%86u_valoda" title="Rutēņu valoda – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rutēņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_roteniana" title="Fiteny roteniana – malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny roteniana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Рутенски јазик – macedoniu" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рутенски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoniu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oudroetheens" title="Oudroetheens – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oudroetheens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutensk" title="Rutensk – noruegu Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rutensk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegu Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutensk" title="Rutensk – noruegu Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rutensk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegu Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rut%C3%A8n_(lenga)" title="Rutèn (lenga) – occitanu" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rutèn (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitanu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_ruski" title="Język ruski – polacu" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język ruski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_rutena" title="Língua rutena – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua rutena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Западнорусский язык – rusu" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западнорусский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%C3%A1_bieloru%C5%A1tina" title="Stará bieloruština – eslovacu" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stará bieloruština" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovacu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruty%C5%84sko_godka" title="Rutyńsko godka – silesianu" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Rutyńsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesianu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutence" title="Rutence – turcu" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rutence" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Руська мова – ucraín" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%AA%9E" title="羅塞尼亞語 – chinu" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅塞尼亞語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13211#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar los enllaces d'interllingua" class="wbc-editpage">Editar los enllaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nome"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/24px-Robot_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Robot_icon.svg/32px-Robot_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ast" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox_v2"> <tbody><tr> <th class="media" colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; background-color: #dddddd;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png/40px-Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Picto_infobox_comicballoon.png 1.5x" data-file-width="55" data-file-height="45" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <big>Ruteno, Eslavónico de cancillería nativu = руский языкъ / <i>ruskiĭ jazykŭ</i></big> <br /> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Faláu en</b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_(1403%E2%80%931410).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%281403%E2%80%931410%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%281403%E2%80%931410%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%281403%E2%80%931410%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%281403%E2%80%931410%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%281403%E2%80%931410%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_%281403%E2%80%931410%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="239" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Gran_Duc%C3%A1u_de_Lituania" title="Gran Ducáu de Lituania">Gran Ducáu de Lituania</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Rexón</b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Europa_del_Este" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa del Este">Europa del Este</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Families_de_lling%C3%BCes" class="mw-redirect" title="Families de llingües">Familia</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_indoeuropees" title="Llingües indoeuropees">Indoeuropea</a><br /> <p>  <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_eslaves" title="Llingües eslaves">Eslava</a><br />     <a href="/wiki/Lling%C3%BCes_eslaves_orientales" title="Llingües eslaves orientales">Eslava oriental</a><br />       <b>Ruteno</b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #dddddd; text-align:center;">Estatus oficial </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><b>Oficial en</b> </td> <td><i>Nengún país</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="padding-left: 0.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>Reguláu por</b></span> </td> <td><i>Nun ta reguláu</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #dddddd; text-align:center;">Códigos </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><i>nengún</i> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></b></td> <td><code>{{{iso2}}}</code> </td></tr> <tr class="hiddenStructure"> <td style="vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em;"><b><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></b></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>El <b>ruteno</b> (tamién conocíu como <b>eslavónico de cancillería</b> o <b>rusu occidental</b>; en ruteno руский языкъ<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), ye un términu usáu pa denominar les distintes variedaes del eslavónico oriental falaes nel <a href="/wiki/Gran_Duc%C3%A1u_de_Lituania" title="Gran Ducáu de Lituania">Gran Ducáu de Lituania</a> y más tarde nos territorios eslavu-orientales de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%BAblica_de_los_Dos_Naci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="República de los Dos Nación (la páxina nun esiste)">Polonia-Lituania</a>. En bielorrusu conozse como <i>llingua bielorrusa antigua</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bielorrusu_(llingua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bielorrusu (llingua)">bielorrusu</a>: <span lang="be">старабеларуская мова</span>). N'ucraín conozse como <i>llingua lliteraria ucraniana antigua</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ucra%C3%ADn_(llingua)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ucraín (llingua)">ucraín</a>: <span lang="ua">староукраїнська літературна мова</span>) o <i>ruteno</i> (Rutenśka – рутенська). En rusu denominar <i>llingua rusa occidental escrita</i> (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusu</a>: <i>западнорусский письменный язык</i> ). </p><p>Los investigadores nun se ponen d'alcuerdu en si'l ruteno ye un idioma estremáu o un dialeutu occidental del antiguu eslavónico oriental, pero no que sí tán d'alcuerdu ye en que tienen una estrecha rellación nel so orixe. El <a href="/wiki/Antiguu_eslavu_oriental" title="Antiguu eslavu oriental">antiguu eslavu oriental</a> yera l'idioma coloquial del <a href="/wiki/Rus_de_Kiev" title="Rus de Kiev">Rus de Kiev</a>, ente los <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_X" title="Sieglu X">sieglos X</a> y <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIII" title="Sieglu XIII">XIII</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puede considerase'l predecesor de los modernos idiomes <a href="/wiki/Idioma_bielorrusu" title="Idioma bielorrusu"> bielorrusu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idioma_rus%C3%ADn" title="Idioma rusín">rusín</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ucra%C3%ADn" title="Idioma ucraín">ucraín</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclatura">Nomenclatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar seición: Nomenclatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Nomenclatura"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El ruteno siempres tuvo nun estáu de <a href="/wiki/Diglosia" title="Diglosia">diglosia</a> frente al <a href="/wiki/Eslavu_eclesi%C3%A1sticu" title="Eslavu eclesiásticu">eslavu eclesiásticu</a>, y yera y entá ye de cutiu llamáu <i>prosta(ja) mova</i>, lliteralmente “llingua simple”. Les fontes contemporánees raramente esbocen dalguna distinción ente'l ruteno de Lituania, y el ruteno del <a href="/wiki/Princip%C3%A1u_de_Vlad%C3%ADmir-S%C3%BAzdal" title="Principáu de Vladímir-Súzdal">Principáu de Vladímir-Súzdal</a>. </p><p>Nomes n'usu d'antiguo: </p> <ul><li>Ruteno (antiguu bielorrusu: руски езыкъ) — polos contemporáneos de la dómina, pero xeneralmente non usáu en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscovia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscovia (la páxina nun esiste)">Moscovia</a>. <ul><li>(variante) Ruteno simple o fala simple (antiguu bielorrusu: простый руский (язык) o простая молва) — publicáu por Grigoriy Khodkevich (<a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XVI" title="Sieglu XVI">sieglu XVI</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Lituanu (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusu</a>: литовский язык) — posiblemente d'usu esclusivu en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscovia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscovia (la páxina nun esiste)">Moscovia</a>. Utilizáu por Zizany (finales del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XVI" title="Sieglu XVI">sieglu XVI</a> y por Pamva Byerynda (<a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>).</li></ul> <p>Nomes d'usu modernu: </p> <ul><li>(Antiguu) Ruteno – nome coleutivu modernu, que toma tanto al antiguu bielorrusu como al antiguu ucraín; predominantemente usáu nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XX" title="Sieglu XX">sieglu XX</a>, n'investigaciones lituanes, según munches polaques o ingleses.</li> <li>(Antiguu) Rusu Occidental, bien como idioma o como dialeutu (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusu</a>: (древний) западнорусский язык) — usáu principalmente polos partidarios de la fase proto-rusa, especialmente dende finales del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a>, como por casu Yefim Karskiy y Alekséi Shájmatov.</li> <li>(Antiguu) (idioma) bielorrusu – usáu escasamente en Moscovia. La denominación de (idioma) bielorrusu (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusu</a>: белорусский (язык)) refierse tanto al <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a> como al idioma medieval usáu nos trabayos del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a> de los investigadores rusos Fiódor Busláyev, Ogonovskiy, Zhitetskiy, Sobolevskiy, Nedéshev, Vladímirov y los nacionalistes bielorrusos como Yefim Karskiy.</li> <li>Lituanu-rusu (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusu</a>: литовско-русский) — nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a> polos investigadores Keppen, l'arzobispu Filaret, Sájarov, Kartáyev, etc.</li> <li>Lituanu-eslavonico (<a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusu" title="Idioma rusu">rusu</a>: литово-славянский) — nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a> pol investigador Baranovski.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rusu-polacu o dialeutu polacu – Shtritter, l'investigador polacu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Atieste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Atieste (la páxina nun esiste)">Samuel Bogumil Llinde</a>, pol escritor polacu Wisniewski. Hai qu'aprofiar que la definición foi usada en referencia a la traducción de la biblia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francysk_Skaryna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francysk Skaryna (la páxina nun esiste)">Francysk Skaryna</a>.</li></ul> <p>Ye destacable el fechu que'l ISO/DIS 639-3 y el códigu actual SIL pa los idiomes que documentan el nome "русин (rusyn)" a cencielles nomar como “Rutenian” n'inglés ("ruthène" en francés o “ruteno” en castellán) en cuenta de “Modern Rutenian”: esti códigu asignar al <a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusino" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma rusino">Idioma rusino</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Slavic_languages_tree.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clasificación de les llingües eslaves"><img alt="Clasificación de les llingües eslaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Slavic_languages_tree.svg/550px-Slavic_languages_tree.svg.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Slavic_languages_tree.svg/825px-Slavic_languages_tree.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Slavic_languages_tree.svg/1100px-Slavic_languages_tree.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="503" /></a><figcaption>Clasificación de les llingües eslaves</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diverxencia_ente_l'idioma_ruteno_lliterariu_y_el_rusu_lliterariu"><span id="Diverxencia_ente_l.27idioma_ruteno_lliterariu_y_el_rusu_lliterariu"></span>Diverxencia ente l'idioma ruteno lliterariu y el rusu lliterariu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar seición: Diverxencia ente l'idioma ruteno lliterariu y el rusu lliterariu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Diverxencia ente l'idioma ruteno lliterariu y el rusu lliterariu"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheru:Biblia_Ruska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Biblia_Ruska.jpg/220px-Biblia_Ruska.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Biblia_Ruska.jpg/330px-Biblia_Ruska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Biblia_Ruska.jpg/440px-Biblia_Ruska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption><i>Biblia Ruska</i> («Библия руска») de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francysk_Skaryna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francysk Skaryna (la páxina nun esiste)">Francysk Skaryna</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Cola gradual lliberación del Este d'Europa del xugu tártaru” nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIV" title="Sieglu XIV">sieglu XIV</a>, aniciáronse cuatro principado qu'adoptaron el nome de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Duc%C3%A1u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Ducáu (la páxina nun esiste)">Gran Ducáu</a>. Dos d'ellos empezaron a axuntar los territorios eslavos del este: unu yera <a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%BA" title="Moscú">Moscú</a> y l'otru <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>. Esto tuvo como resultáu la creación de dos entidaes eslavu-orientales principales: el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gran_Duc%C3%A1u_de_Mosc%C3%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gran Ducáu de Moscú (la páxina nun esiste)">Gran Ducáu de Moscú</a>, que darréu evolucionó nel <a href="/wiki/Imperiu_rusu" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperiu rusu">Imperiu rusu</a>, y el <a href="/wiki/Gran_Duc%C3%A1u_de_Lituania" title="Gran Ducáu de Lituania">Gran Ducáu de Lituania</a>, que con posterioridá formó con <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> la unión de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%BAblica_de_los_Dos_Naci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="República de los Dos Nación (la páxina nun esiste)">Polonia-Lituania</a>. </p><p>Lingüísticamente dambos estaos siguieron usando les sos variedaes rexonales del llinguaxe lliterariu de la <a href="/wiki/Rus_de_Kiev" title="Rus de Kiev">Rus de Kiev</a>, pero por cuenta de la gran influencia polaca nel oeste, y la influyencia de la ilesia eslavónica nel este, gradualmente desenvolviéronse dos idiomes lliterarios distintos: el ruteno nel este de la unión lituanu-polaca, y el (antiguu) rusu nel principáu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscovia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moscovia (la páxina nun esiste)">Moscovia</a>. </p><p>Dambos davezu recibíen el nome de “ruskiy” (de la “Rus” ) o “eslovenski” (eslavónico); solo cuando la diferencia ente'l llinguaxe lliterariu de Moscovia y el de Lituania fíxose necesaria, el primeru pasar a llamar “moskovski” (moscovita) (y en casos bien raros, el segundu “litovski”, lituanu). </p><p>La diverxencia llingüística quedó confirmada cola necesidá de traductores na celebración nel <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XVII" title="Sieglu XVII">sieglu XVII</a> de les negociaciones mientres el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trat%C3%A1u_de_Perey%C3%A1slav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tratáu de Pereyáslav (la páxina nun esiste)">Tratáu de Pereyáslav</a>, ente <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bogd%C3%A1n_Jmelnitski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bogdán Jmelnitski (la páxina nun esiste)">Bogdán Jmelnitski</a>, dirixente cosacu de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sich_de_Zaporozhia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sich de Zaporozhia (la páxina nun esiste)">Sich de Zaporozhia</a> y l'estáu <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">rusu</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Continuación_de_la_influencia_polaca"><span id="Continuaci.C3.B3n_de_la_influencia_polaca"></span>Continuación de la influencia polaca</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar seición: Continuación de la influencia polaca" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Continuación de la influencia polaca"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dende la <a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%B3n_de_Lublin" title="Unión de Lublin">Unión de Lublin</a> en <a href="/wiki/1569" title="1569">1569</a>, los territorios del sur del Gran Ducáu de Lituania pasaron a alministración direuta de la corona polaca, ente que'l norte retenía cierta autonomía. Ye posible qu'esto influyera na resultancia na diferenciación con respectu al estatus del idioma ruteno como llingua oficial, y la intensificación de la influencia polaca sobre'l ruteno. Sicasí, dambes partes de la Mancomunidá taben habitaes por polacos orientales, permaneciendo'l ruteno como <a href="/wiki/Llingua_franca" title="Llingua franca">llingua franca</a>, y en dambes partes foi gradualmente reemplazáu pol polacu como idioma lliterariu, de discutinios relixosos o pa documentos oficiales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuevos_idiomes_nacionales">Nuevos idiomes nacionales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar seición: Nuevos idiomes nacionales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Nuevos idiomes nacionales"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Col entamu del <a href="/wiki/Romanticismu" title="Romanticismu">romanticismu</a> a principios del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a>, apaecieron el bielorrusu lliterariu y l'ucraín lliterariu, descendientes de los dialeutos populares falaos y pocu influyíos pola lliteratura rutena. Sicasí, <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> retuvo parte del llinguaxe <a href="/wiki/Eslavu_eclesi%C3%A1sticu" title="Eslavu eclesiásticu">Eslavu eclesiásticu</a> como “vocabulariu cultu”, polo qu'anguaño les diferencies léxiques más importantes ente'l rusu d'una parte, y el bielorrusu y ucraín d'otra, son la mayor integración de eslavonismos na primera, y de polonismos nes segundes. </p><p>La división ente la lliteratura rutena y les sos llingües lliteraries socesores vese reflexada nel diseñu modernu de les ortografíes bielorrusa y ucraniana. </p><p>La interrupción de la tradición lliteraria foi especialmente drástica en Bielorrusia: En <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rep%C3%BAblica_de_los_Dos_Naci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="República de los Dos Nación (la páxina nun esiste)">Polonia-Lituania</a>, el <a href="/wiki/Idioma_polacu" title="Idioma polacu">polacu</a> mayormente reemplazó al ruteno como idioma alministrativu y lliterariu. Por eso'l bielorrusu solo sobrevivió na fala popular rural ensin casi nenguna tradición escrita hasta mediaos del <a href="/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX">sieglu XIX</a>. </p><p>En contraste colos bielorrusos y los ucraínos orientales, los ucraínos occidentales que vivíen nel <a href="/wiki/Imperiu_austroh%C3%BAngaru" title="Imperiu austrohúngaru">Imperiu austrohúngaru</a> retuvieron non solo'l nome de ruteno, sinón que tamién munchos de los sos elementos eslavónicos eclesiásticos y polacos. Pa evitar tracamundios, n'inglés y n'otros idiomes estos ucraínos denominar usualmente cola forma transliterada del nome primitivu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etnia_rutena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etnia rutena (la páxina nun esiste)">rusinos</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1800" title="1800">1800</a> la llingua lliteraria rutena evolucionó en tres llingües lliteraries modernes. Pa más información, vease <a href="/wiki/Idioma_bielorrusu" title="Idioma bielorrusu">idioma bielorrusu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idioma_rusino" class="mw-redirect" title="Idioma rusino">idioma rusino</a> y <a href="/wiki/Idioma_ucra%C3%ADn" title="Idioma ucraín">idioma ucraín</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencies">Referencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar seición: Referencies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Referencies"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3503771">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .llistaref{column-count:1!important}}</style><div class="llistaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philol.msu.ru/~slavphil/books/21_10_2003.pdf"><i>Ж. Некрашевич-Короткая</i>. Лингвонимы восточнославянского культурного региона (историчесикий обзор) // Исследование славянских языков и литератур в высшей школе: достижения и перспективы: Информационные материалы и тезисы докладов международной научной конференции / Под ред. В. П. Гудкова, А. Г. Машковой, С. С. Скорвида. — М., 2003. — С. 150 — 317 с.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Начальный этап формирования русского национального языка. — Ленинград — 1962. — С. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071219084908/http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9074133">Ukrainian language</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Citáu en N. Ulashchik (Улащик Н.) Введение в белорусско-литовское летописание. — Moscú, 1980.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar seición: Bibliografía" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brogi Bercoff, Giovanna: “Plurilingualism in Eastern Slavic culture of the 17th century: The case of Simeon Polockij.” In: Slavia: Časopis pro slovanskou filologii, vol. 64. p. 3-14.</li> <li>Danylenko, Andrii: "'Prostaja mova', 'Kitab', and Polissian Standard". In: Die Welt der Slaven LI (2006), non. 1, p. 80-115.</li> <li>Danylenko, Andrii: "On Name(s) of prostaja mova in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth," In: "Studia Slavica Hung.", 51/1-2 (2006),p. 97-121.</li> <li>Dingley, Jim [James]. “The two versions of the Gramatyka Slovenskaja of Ivan Oževič.’ In: The Journal of Byelorussian Studies, 2.4 (year VIII), p. 369-384.</li> <li>Frick, David A. "'Foolish Rus': On Polish civilization, Ruthenian self-hatred, and Kasijan Sakovyč." In: Harvard Ukrainian studies 18.3/4 (1994), p. 210-248.</li> <li>Martel, Antoine. La langue polonaise dans les pays ruthènes: Ukraine et Russie Blanche 1569/1667. Lille 1938.</li> <li>Moser, Michael: "Mittelruthenisch (Mittelweißrussisch und Mittelukrainisch): Ein Überblick." In: Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 50 (2005), non. 1-2, p. 125-142.</li> <li>Mozer [= Moser], Michaėl'. "Čto takoe 'prostaja mova'?". In: Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 47.3/4 (2002), p. 221-260.</li> <li>Pivtorak, Hryhorij. “Do pytannja pro ukrajins’ko-bilorus’ku vzajemodiju donacional'noho periodu (dosjahnennja, zavdannja i perspektyvy doslidžen’)”. In: Movoznavstvo 1978.3 (69), p. 31-40.</li> <li>Pugh, Stefan M.: Testament to Ruthenian. A Linguistic Analysis of the Smotryc’kyj Variant. Cambridge 1996 (= Harvard Series of Ukrainian Studies).</li> <li>Shevelov, George Y. “Belorussian versus Ukrainian: Delimitation of texts before A.D. 1569”. In: The Journal of Byelorussian Studies 3.2 (year 10), p. 145-156.</li> <li>Stang, Christian: Die westrussische Kanzleisprache des Grossfürstentums Litauen. Oslo 1935 (= Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, Historisk-filosofisk Klasse 1935,2).</li> <li>Strumins’kyj, Bohdan. “The language question in the Ukrainian lands before the nineteenth century”. In: Aspects of the Slavic language question. Ed. Riccardo Picchio, Harvey Goldblatt. New Haven 1984, vol. 2, p. 9-47.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enllaces_esternos">Enllaces esternos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar seición: Enllaces esternos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idioma_ruteno&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar el código fuente de la sección: Enllaces esternos"><span>editar la fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061214163042/http://txt.knihi.com/bha//10/har_y10.htm">“Los problemes de los llibros d'idiomes nel pueblu de Hrodna nos tiempor modernos” escritu por Jury Hardziejeu</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusyn.org/rusyns-language.html">Rusyn language at the World Academy of Rusyn Culture</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=rue">Ethnologue report for Rusyn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruskamatka.tk/">Руска Матка (Ruska Matka), the central cultural organization of the Pannonian Rusyns</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810024759/http://www.ruskamatka.tk/">Archiváu</a> 2018-08-10 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carpatho-rusyn.org/voj.htm">Transliterating Rusyn into the Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karpatorusyns.org/more.php?id=58_0_1_0_C17">Димитрій Сидор. 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