Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <meta name="access" content="No"> <meta name="360-site-verification" content="1268d79b5e96aecf3ff2a7dac04ad990" /> <title>Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition | Microbial Ecology</title> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SpringerLink"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="Content cover image"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Microbial Ecology - Exploration of environmental factors governing soil microbial community composition is long overdue and now possible with improved methods for characterizing microbial..."/> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2/MediaObjects/fig1.jpg"/> <meta name="journal_id" content="248"/> <meta name="dc.title" content="Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition"/> <meta name="dc.source" content="Microbial Ecology 2004 48:3"/> <meta name="dc.format" content="text/html"/> <meta name="dc.publisher" content="Springer"/> <meta name="dc.date" content="2004-09-23"/> <meta name="dc.type" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="dc.language" content="En"/> <meta name="dc.copyright" content="2004 Springer-Verlag"/> <meta name="dc.rights" content="2004 Springer-Verlag"/> <meta name="dc.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="dc.description" content="Exploration of environmental factors governing soil microbial community composition is long overdue and now possible with improved methods for characterizing microbial communities. Previously, we observed that rice soil microbial communities were distinctly different from tomato soil microbial communities, despite management and seasonal variations within soil type. Potential contributing factors included types and amounts of organic inputs, organic carbon content, and timing and amounts of water inputs. Of these, both soil water content and organic carbon availability were highly correlated with observed differences in composition. We examined how organic carbon amendment (compost, vetch, or no amendment) and water additions (from air dry to flooded) affect microbial community composition. Using canonical correspondence analysis of phospholipid fatty acid data, we determined flooded, carbon-amended (+C) microcosm samples were distinctly different from other +C samples and unamended (–C) samples. Although flooding without organic carbon addition influenced composition some, organic carbon addition was necessary to substantially alter community composition. Organic carbon availability had the same general effects on microbial communities regardless of whether it was compost or vetch in origin. In addition, flooded samples, regardless of organic carbon inputs, had significantly lower ratios of fungal to bacterial biomarkers, whereas under drier conditions and increased organic carbon availability the microbial communities had higher proportions of fungal biomass. When comparing field and microcosm soil, flooded +C microcosm samples were most similar to field-collected rice soil, whereas all other treatments were more similar to field-collected tomato soil. Overall, manipulating water and carbon content selected for microbial communities similar to those observed when the same factors were manipulated at the field scale."/> <meta name="prism.issn" content="1432-184X"/> <meta name="prism.publicationName" content="Microbial Ecology"/> <meta name="prism.publicationDate" content="2004-09-23"/> <meta name="prism.volume" content="48"/> <meta name="prism.number" content="3"/> <meta name="prism.section" content="OriginalPaper"/> <meta name="prism.startingPage" content="424"/> <meta name="prism.endingPage" content="430"/> <meta name="prism.copyright" content="2004 Springer-Verlag"/> <meta name="prism.rightsAgent" content="journalpermissions@springernature.com"/> <meta name="prism.url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"/> <meta name="prism.doi" content="doi:10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2.pdf"/> <meta name="citation_fulltext_html_url" content="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Microbial Ecology"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="Microb Ecol"/> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Springer-Verlag"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1432-184X"/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="48"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="3"/> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2004/11"/> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2004/09/23"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="424"/> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="430"/> <meta name="citation_article_type" content="Article"/> <meta name="citation_language" content="en"/> <meta name="dc.identifier" content="doi:10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"/> <meta name="DOI" content="10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"/> <meta name="size" content="99085"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"/> <meta name="citation_springer_api_url" content="http://api.springer.com/xmldata/jats?q=doi:10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2&api_key="/> <meta name="description" content="Exploration of environmental factors governing soil microbial community composition is long overdue and now possible with improved methods for characterizi"/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Drenovsky, R.E."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Vo, D."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Graham, K.J."/> <meta name="dc.creator" content="Scow, K.M."/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Microbiology"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Ecology"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Microbial Ecology"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Geoecology/Natural Processes"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Nature Conservation"/> <meta name="dc.subject" content="Water Quality/Water Pollution"/> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Appl Environ Microbiol; 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Previously, we observed that rice soil microbial communities were distinctly different from tomato soil microbial communities, despite management and seasonal variations within soil type. Potential contributing factors included types and amounts of organic inputs, organic carbon content, and timing and amounts of water inputs. Of these, both soil water content and organic carbon availability were highly correlated with observed differences in composition. We examined how organic carbon amendment (compost, vetch, or no amendment) and water additions (from air dry to flooded) affect microbial community composition. Using canonical correspondence analysis of phospholipid fatty acid data, we determined flooded, carbon-amended (+C) microcosm samples were distinctly different from other +C samples and unamended (–C) samples. Although flooding without organic carbon addition influenced composition some, organic carbon addition was necessary to substantially alter community composition. Organic carbon availability had the same general effects on microbial communities regardless of whether it was compost or vetch in origin. In addition, flooded samples, regardless of organic carbon inputs, had significantly lower ratios of fungal to bacterial biomarkers, whereas under drier conditions and increased organic carbon availability the microbial communities had higher proportions of fungal biomass. When comparing field and microcosm soil, flooded +C microcosm samples were most similar to field-collected rice soil, whereas all other treatments were more similar to field-collected tomato soil. Overall, manipulating water and carbon content selected for microbial communities similar to those observed when the same factors were manipulated at the field scale."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://static-content.springer.com/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2/MediaObjects/fig1.jpg"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/apple-touch-icon-92e819bf8a.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/android-chrome-192x192-6f081ca7e5.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-32x32-1435da3e82.png> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-16x16-ed57f42bd2.png> <link rel="shortcut icon" data-test="shortcut-icon" href=/oscar-static/img/favicons/darwin/favicon-c6d59aafac.ico> <meta name="theme-color" content="#e6e6e6">   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Previously, we observed that rice soil microbial communities were distinctly different from tomato soil microbial communities, despite management and seasonal variations within soil type. Potential contributing factors included types and amounts of organic inputs, organic carbon content, and timing and amounts of water inputs. Of these, both soil water content and organic carbon availability were highly correlated with observed differences in composition. We examined how organic carbon amendment (compost, vetch, or no amendment) and water additions (from air dry to flooded) affect microbial community composition. Using canonical correspondence analysis of phospholipid fatty acid data, we determined flooded, carbon-amended (+C) microcosm samples were distinctly different from other +C samples and unamended (–C) samples. Although flooding without organic carbon addition influenced composition some, organic carbon addition was necessary to substantially alter community composition. Organic carbon availability had the same general effects on microbial communities regardless of whether it was compost or vetch in origin. In addition, flooded samples, regardless of organic carbon inputs, had significantly lower ratios of fungal to bacterial biomarkers, whereas under drier conditions and increased organic carbon availability the microbial communities had higher proportions of fungal biomass. When comparing field and microcosm soil, flooded +C microcosm samples were most similar to field-collected rice soil, whereas all other treatments were more similar to field-collected tomato soil. Overall, manipulating water and carbon content selected for microbial communities similar to those observed when the same factors were manipulated at the field scale.","datePublished":"2004-09-23T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2004-09-23T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"424","pageEnd":"430","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2","keywords":["Microbial Community","Soil Water Content","Soil Microbial Community","Canonical Correspondence Analysis","Microbial Community Composition","Microbiology","Ecology","Microbial Ecology","Geoecology/Natural Processes","Nature Conservation","Water Quality/Water Pollution"],"image":["https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2/MediaObjects/fig1.jpg","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2/MediaObjects/fig2.jpg","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2/MediaObjects/fig3.jpg"],"isPartOf":{"name":"Microbial Ecology","issn":["1432-184X","0095-3628"],"volumeNumber":"48","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Springer-Verlag","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"R.E. Drenovsky","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California","address":{"name":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"redrenovsky@ucdavis.edu","@type":"Person"},{"name":"D. Vo","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California","address":{"name":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"K.J. Graham","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California","address":{"name":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"K.M. Scow","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California","address":{"name":"Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, USA","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".main-content","@type":"WebPageElement"},"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script> </head> <body class="" >  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>   <noscript data-test="gtm-body"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MRVXSHQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true" data-test="darwin-icons"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 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<div class="c-article-main u-container u-mt-24 u-mb-32 l-with-sidebar" id="main-content" data-component="article-container"> <main class="u-serif js-main-column" data-track-component="article body"> <div class="c-article-header"> <header> <ul class="c-article-author-list c-article-author-list--short" data-test="authors-list" data-component-authors-activator="authors-list"><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-R_E_-Drenovsky-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-R_E_-Drenovsky-Aff1" data-author-search="Drenovsky, R.E." data-corresp-id="c1">R.E. Drenovsky<svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-mail-medium"></use></svg></a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-D_-Vo-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-D_-Vo-Aff1" data-author-search="Vo, D.">D. Vo</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup>, </li><li class="c-article-author-list__item c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-K_J_-Graham-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-K_J_-Graham-Aff1" data-author-search="Graham, K.J.">K.J. Graham</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> & </li><li class="c-article-author-list__show-more" aria-label="Show all 4 authors for this article" title="Show all 4 authors for this article">…</li><li class="c-article-author-list__item"><a data-test="author-name" data-track="click" data-track-action="open author" data-track-label="link" href="#auth-K_M_-Scow-Aff1" data-author-popup="auth-K_M_-Scow-Aff1" data-author-search="Scow, K.M.">K.M. Scow</a><sup class="u-js-hide"><a href="#Aff1">1</a></sup> </li></ul><button aria-expanded="false" class="c-article-author-list__button"><svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium"></use></svg><span>Show authors</span></button> <div data-test="article-metrics"> <ul class="app-article-metrics-bar u-list-reset"> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-accesses-medium"></use> </svg>6380 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Accesses</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__count"><svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-citations-medium"></use> </svg>443 <span class="app-article-metrics-bar__label">Citations</span></p> </li> <li class="app-article-metrics-bar__item app-article-metrics-bar__item--metrics"> <p class="app-article-metrics-bar__details"><a href="/article/10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2/metrics" data-track="click" data-track-action="view metrics" data-track-label="link" rel="nofollow">Explore all metrics <svg class="u-icon app-article-metrics-bar__arrow-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a></p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="u-mt-32"> </div> </header> </div> <div data-article-body="true" data-track-component="article body" class="c-article-body"> <section aria-labelledby="Abs1" data-title="Abstract" lang="en"><div class="c-article-section" id="Abs1-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="Abs1-content"><p>Exploration of environmental factors governing soil microbial community composition is long overdue and now possible with improved methods for characterizing microbial communities. Previously, we observed that rice soil microbial communities were distinctly different from tomato soil microbial communities, despite management and seasonal variations within soil type. Potential contributing factors included types and amounts of organic inputs, organic carbon content, and timing and amounts of water inputs. Of these, both soil water content and organic carbon availability were highly correlated with observed differences in composition. We examined how organic carbon amendment (compost, vetch, or no amendment) and water additions (from air dry to flooded) affect microbial community composition. Using canonical correspondence analysis of phospholipid fatty acid data, we determined flooded, carbon-amended (+C) microcosm samples were distinctly different from other +C samples and unamended (–C) samples. Although flooding without organic carbon addition influenced composition some, organic carbon addition was necessary to substantially alter community composition. Organic carbon availability had the same general effects on microbial communities regardless of whether it was compost or vetch in origin. In addition, flooded samples, regardless of organic carbon inputs, had significantly lower ratios of fungal to bacterial biomarkers, whereas under drier conditions and increased organic carbon availability the microbial communities had higher proportions of fungal biomass. When comparing field and microcosm soil, flooded +C microcosm samples were most similar to field-collected rice soil, whereas all other treatments were more similar to field-collected tomato soil. Overall, manipulating water and carbon content selected for microbial communities similar to those observed when the same factors were manipulated at the field scale.</p></div></div></section> <div class="c-notes"> <p class="c-notes__text c-status-message--info"> <svg width="24" height="24" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="c-status-message__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium"></use> </svg> This is a preview of subscription content, <a id="test-login-banner-link" href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D50db94f7-760e-474d-95ec-f6cc1e33a4a0" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-label="link" class="c-preview-message__link">log in via an institution</a> <svg width="16" height="16" focusable="false" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="u-icon c-external-link__icon"> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-external-link-small"></use> </svg> to check access. </p> </div> <div data-test="access-article" class="app-article-access"> <h2 class="app-article-access__heading">Access this article</h2> <div class="u-ma-16 u-clear-both"> <a href="//wayf.springernature.com?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs00248-003-1063-2%3Ferror%3Dcookies_not_supported%26code%3D50db94f7-760e-474d-95ec-f6cc1e33a4a0" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--primary u-justify-content-space-between c-pdf-download__link" data-track="click" data-track-action="institution access" data-track-label="button"> <span data-test="access-via-institution">Log in via an institution</span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="24" height="24" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div data-test="buy-box-mobile" class="c-article-buy-box"> <div class="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin" id="sprcom-buybox-articleDarwin">  <div class="buying-option" data-test-id="buy-article-darwin"> <div> <div class="c-springer-plus"> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Subscribe and save</h2> <div class="springer-plus"> <div class="springer-plus-headline"> <div class="springer-plus-title"> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium"></use> </svg><span>Springer+ Basic</span> </div> <div class="dd price-amount-springer-plus"> €32.70 /Month </div> </div> <ul class="buying-option-usps"> <li>Get 10 units per month</li> <li>Download Article/Chapter or eBook</li> <li>1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter</li> <li>Cancel anytime</li> </ul><a href="https://link.springer.com/product/springer-plus" id="btn-subscribe-springerPlus" class="u-button u-button--full-width u-button--secondary" data-track="click||click_springer_subscribe" data-track-context="buy box"><span>Subscribe now </span> <svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" width="16" height="16" class="u-icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium"></use> </svg></a> </div> <h2 class="springer-plus-heading">Buy Now</h2> </div> <div class="buybox__buy"> <form action="https://order.springer.com/public/cart" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="article"><input type="hidden" name="doi" value="10.1007/s00248-003-1063-2"><input type="hidden" name="isxn" value="1432-184X"><input type="hidden" name="contenttitle" value="Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition"><input type="hidden" name="copyrightyear" value="2004"><input type="hidden" name="year" value="2004"><input type="hidden" name="authors" value="R.E. 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Davis, the NIEHS Superfund Basic Research Program (2P42 ESO4699), and a grant from the Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. The comments of K.M. Batten, K.A. Hicks, and three anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript.</p></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="author-information" data-title="Author information"><div class="c-article-section" id="author-information-section"><h2 class="c-article-section__title js-section-title js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="author-information">Author information</h2><div class="c-article-section__content" id="author-information-content"><h3 class="c-article__sub-heading" id="affiliations">Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol class="c-article-author-affiliation__list"><li id="Aff1"><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__address">Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8627, USA</p><p class="c-article-author-affiliation__authors-list">R.E. 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class="c-article-subject-list"><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Microbial%20Community&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Microbial Community</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Soil%20Water%20Content&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Soil Water Content</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Soil%20Microbial%20Community&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" data-track-label="link">Soil Microbial Community</a></span></li><li class="c-article-subject-list__subject"><span><a href="/search?query=Canonical%20Correspondence%20Analysis&facet-discipline="Life%20Sciences"" data-track="click" data-track-action="view keyword" 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Soil Water Content and Organic Carbon Availability Are Major Determinants of Soil Microbial Community Composition | Microbial Ecology