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href="https://cs.wikibooks.org/wiki/Line%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_algebra" title="Lineární algebra – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lineární algebra" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikibooks.org/wiki/H%C3%A5ndbog_i_line%C3%A6r_algebra" title="Håndbog i lineær algebra – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Håndbog i lineær algebra" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikibooks.org/wiki/Mathematik:_Lineare_Algebra" title="Mathematik: Lineare Algebra – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mathematik: Lineare Algebra" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikibooks.org/wiki/Lineara_algebro" title="Lineara algebro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lineara algebro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C3%81lgebra_Lineal" title="Álgebra Lineal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Álgebra Lineal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikibooks.org/wiki/Alg%C3%A8bre_lin%C3%A9aire" title="Algèbre linéaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Algèbre linéaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C3%81lxebra_lineal" title="Álxebra lineal – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Álxebra lineal" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikibooks.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אלגברה לינארית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלגברה לינארית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikibooks.org/wiki/Line%C3%A1ris_algebra" title="Lineáris algebra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lineáris algebra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algebra_lineare_e_geometria_analitica" title="Algebra lineare e geometria analitica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Algebra lineare e geometria analitica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E5%9E%8B%E4%BB%A3%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="線型代数学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="線型代数学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Lineaire_algebra" title="Lineaire algebra – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lineaire algebra" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Algebra_liniowa" title="Algebra liniowa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Algebra liniowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikibooks.org/wiki/%C3%81lgebra_linear" title="Álgebra linear – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Álgebra linear" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru 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Please continue to improve it and thanks for the great work so far! You can edit its <a href="/wiki/Template:Goodbook/Linear_Algebra" title="Template:Goodbook/Linear Algebra">advertisement template</a>. </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align:center;"> <div style="font-size:x-large;"><i>Linear Algebra</i></div> <div style="margin-top:5px;"><i>An Introduction to Mathematical Discourse</i></div> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" style="float:right;margin-left:10px;margin-right:0px;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="padding:5px;font-size:120%;line-height:120%;"> This book requires that you are familiar with calculus. This subject is covered by the wikibook <a href="/wiki/Calculus" title="Calculus">Calculus</a>. </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; width:250px;"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px;"> </td> <td style="width:385px;"> <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="13" dir="ltr" /></div><input type="hidden" value="Linear Algebra/" name="prefix" /><br /><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search this book" class="cdx-button" /><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext" /></form></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <table class="plainlinks noprint messagebox growth" style="width:250px; float:right; clear:right; margin:0px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"><td style="padding:0.1em; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:45px; border:none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/80px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></td> <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;"> <p>This book has a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks:Collections/Linear_Algebra" title="Wikibooks:Collections/Linear Algebra">collection</a></b> for ordering a <b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book/order_collection/&colltitle=Wikibooks:Collections/Linear_Algebra">printed copy</a></b> of this book for a fee. <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Collection/load_collection/&colltitle=Wikibooks:Collections/Linear_Algebra">edit</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Collections" title="Help:Collections">help</a>)</small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="plainlinks noprint messagebox growth" style="width:250px; float:right; clear:right; margin:0px; margin-left:10px;"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:middle;"><td style="padding:0.1em; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:45px; border:none;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/40px-Printer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/60px-Printer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Printer.svg/80px-Printer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></td> <td style="color:black; text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0.5em; padding-left:0em; border:none;"> <p>A printable version of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linear Algebra</a> is available in two parts. <a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Print_version/Part_1" title="Linear Algebra/Print version/Part 1">Part 1</a><sup><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Linear_Algebra/Print_version/Part_1&action=edit">edit</a></sup> contains everything from the beginning of the book through Chapter II. <a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Print_version/Part_2" title="Linear Algebra/Print version/Part 2">Part 2</a><sup><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Linear_Algebra/Print_version/Part_2&action=edit">edit</a></sup> contains everything from Chapter III through the end of the book. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This book discusses <em>proof-based</em> linear algebra. The book was designed specifically for students who have not previously been exposed to mathematics as mathematicians view it: that is, as a subject whose goal is to <i>rigorously</i> prove theorems starting from clear consistent definitions. This book attempts to build students up from a background where mathematics is simply a tool that provides useful calculations to the point where the students have a grasp of the clear and precise nature of mathematics. A more detailed discussion of the prerequisites and goal of this book is given in the introduction. </p><p>Because of the proof-based nature of this book, readers are recommended to be familiar with mathematical proof before reading this book (although this is not a prerequisite, strictly speaking), so that their reading experiences can be smoother. To gain familiarity with mathematical proof and also some basic mathematical concepts, readers may read the wikibook <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Proof" title="Mathematical Proof">Mathematical Proof</a>. For a milder introduction to linear algebra that is not too <em>proof-based</em>, see the wikibook <a href="/wiki/Introductory_Linear_Algebra" title="Introductory Linear Algebra">Introductory Linear Algebra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_of_Contents">Table of Contents</h2></div> <div class="PrettyTextBox" style="clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 175px; padding: 10px; text-align: left; float: right"> <p>This book is part of a series on <b>Algebra:</b> </p> <div style="padding-left: 10px;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Basic_Algebra" title="Basic Algebra">Basic Algebra</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">Algebra</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Algebra" title="Intermediate Algebra">Intermediate Algebra</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Vectors" title="Vectors">Vectors</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Introductory_Linear_Algebra" title="Introductory Linear Algebra">Introductory Linear Algebra</a><br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Linear Algebra</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Abstract_Algebra" title="Abstract Algebra">Abstract Algebra</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_Rings_and_Algebras" class="mw-redirect" title="Introduction to Rings and Algebras">Intro to Rings and Algebras</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Associative_Composition_Algebra" title="Associative Composition Algebra">Associative Composition Algebra</a> </p> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Cover" title="Linear Algebra/Cover">Cover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Notation" title="Linear Algebra/Notation">Notation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Introduction" title="Linear Algebra/Introduction">Introduction</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linear_Systems">Linear Systems</h3></div> <ol type="I"> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Solving_Linear_Systems" title="Linear Algebra/Solving Linear Systems">Solving Linear Systems</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Gauss%27_Method" title="Linear Algebra/Gauss' Method">Gauss' Method</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Describing_the_Solution_Set" title="Linear Algebra/Describing the Solution Set">Describing the Solution Set</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/General_%3D_Particular_%2B_Homogeneous" title="Linear Algebra/General = Particular + Homogeneous">General = Particular + Homogeneous</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Comparing_Set_Descriptions" title="Linear Algebra/Comparing Set Descriptions">Comparing Set Descriptions</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Automation" title="Linear Algebra/Automation">Automation</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Linear_Geometry_of_n-Space" title="Linear Algebra/Linear Geometry of n-Space">Linear Geometry of <i>n</i>-Space</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Vectors_in_Space" title="Linear Algebra/Vectors in Space">Vectors in Space</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Length_and_Angle_Measures" title="Linear Algebra/Length and Angle Measures">Length and Angle Measures</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Reduced_Echelon_Form" title="Linear Algebra/Reduced Echelon Form">Reduced Echelon Form</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Gauss-Jordan_Reduction" title="Linear Algebra/Gauss-Jordan Reduction">Gauss-Jordan Reduction</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Row_Equivalence" title="Linear Algebra/Row Equivalence">Row Equivalence</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Computer_Algebra_Systems" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Computer Algebra Systems">Topic: Computer Algebra Systems</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Input-Output_Analysis" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Input-Output Analysis">Topic: Input-Output Analysis</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Input-Output_Analysis_M_File" title="Linear Algebra/Input-Output Analysis M File">Input-Output Analysis M File</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Mar 24 2008"><img alt="100% developed  as of Mar 24 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Mar 24 2008)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Accuracy_of_Computations" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Accuracy of Computations">Topic: Accuracy of Computations</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Analyzing_Networks" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Analyzing Networks">Topic: Analyzing Networks</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jul 13, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jul 13, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Speed_of_Gauss%27_Method" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Speed of Gauss' Method">Topic: Speed of Gauss' Method</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Mar 24, 2008"><img alt="50% developed  as of Mar 24, 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Mar 24, 2008)</small></span> </li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vector_Spaces_(Apr_17,_2009)"><span id="Vector_Spaces_.28Apr_17.2C_2009.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Vector_Spaces" title="Linear Algebra/Vector Spaces">Vector Spaces</a> <span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span></h3></div> <ol type="I"> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_of_Vector_Space" title="Linear Algebra/Definition of Vector Space">Definition of Vector Space</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_and_Examples_of_Vector_Spaces" title="Linear Algebra/Definition and Examples of Vector Spaces">Definition and Examples</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 18, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 18, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 18, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Subspaces_and_Spanning_sets" title="Linear Algebra/Subspaces and Spanning sets">Subspaces and Spanning sets</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 18, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 18, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 18, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Linear_Independence" title="Linear Algebra/Linear Independence">Linear Independence</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_and_Examples_of_Linear_Independence" title="Linear Algebra/Definition and Examples of Linear Independence">Definition and Examples</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Basis_and_Dimension" title="Linear Algebra/Basis and Dimension">Basis and Dimension</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Basis" title="Linear Algebra/Basis">Basis</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 18, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 18, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 18, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Dimension" title="Linear Algebra/Dimension">Dimension</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Vector_Spaces_and_Linear_Systems" title="Linear Algebra/Vector Spaces and Linear Systems">Vector Spaces and Linear Systems</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Combining_Subspaces" title="Linear Algebra/Combining Subspaces">Combining Subspaces</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Fields" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Fields">Topic: Fields</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Crystals" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Crystals">Topic: Crystals</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Voting_Paradoxes" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Voting Paradoxes">Topic: Voting Paradoxes</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Dimensional_Analysis" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Dimensional Analysis">Topic: Dimensional Analysis</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 17, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 17, 2009)</small></span> </li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps_Between_Spaces">Maps Between Spaces</h3></div> <ol type="I"> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Isomorphisms" title="Linear Algebra/Isomorphisms">Isomorphisms</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_and_Examples_of_Isomorphisms" title="Linear Algebra/Definition and Examples of Isomorphisms">Definition and Examples</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of July 19, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of July 19, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (July 19, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Dimension_Characterizes_Isomorphism" title="Linear Algebra/Dimension Characterizes Isomorphism">Dimension Characterizes Isomorphism</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Homomorphisms" title="Linear Algebra/Homomorphisms">Homomorphisms</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_of_Homomorphism" title="Linear Algebra/Definition of Homomorphism">Definition of Homomorphism</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Rangespace_and_Nullspace" title="Linear Algebra/Rangespace and Nullspace">Rangespace and Nullspace</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Computing_Linear_Maps" title="Linear Algebra/Computing Linear Maps">Computing Linear Maps</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Representing_Linear_Maps_with_Matrices" title="Linear Algebra/Representing Linear Maps with Matrices">Representing Linear Maps with Matrices</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Any_Matrix_Represents_a_Linear_Map" title="Linear Algebra/Any Matrix Represents a Linear Map">Any Matrix Represents a Linear Map</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Matrix_Operations" title="Linear Algebra/Matrix Operations">Matrix Operations</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Sums_and_Scalar_Products" title="Linear Algebra/Sums and Scalar Products">Sums and Scalar Products</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Matrix_Multiplication" title="Linear Algebra/Matrix Multiplication">Matrix Multiplication</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Mechanics_of_Matrix_Multiplication" title="Linear Algebra/Mechanics of Matrix Multiplication">Mechanics of Matrix Multiplication</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Inverses" title="Linear Algebra/Inverses">Inverses</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Change_of_Basis" title="Linear Algebra/Change of Basis">Change of Basis</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Changing_Representations_of_Vectors" title="Linear Algebra/Changing Representations of Vectors">Changing Representations of Vectors</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Changing_Map_Representations" title="Linear Algebra/Changing Map Representations">Changing Map Representations</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Projection" title="Linear Algebra/Projection">Projection</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Orthogonal_Projection_Onto_a_Line" title="Linear Algebra/Orthogonal Projection Onto a Line">Orthogonal Projection Onto a Line</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Gram-Schmidt_Orthogonalization" title="Linear Algebra/Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization">Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Projection_Onto_a_Subspace" title="Linear Algebra/Projection Onto a Subspace">Projection Onto a Subspace</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Line_of_Best_Fit" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Line of Best Fit">Topic: Line of Best Fit</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Geometry_of_Linear_Maps" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Geometry of Linear Maps">Topic: Geometry of Linear Maps</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Markov_Chains" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Markov Chains">Topic: Markov Chains</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Orthonormal_Matrices" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Orthonormal Matrices">Topic: Orthonormal Matrices</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Determinants_(Jun_21,_2009)"><span id="Determinants_.28Jun_21.2C_2009.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Determinants" title="Linear Algebra/Determinants">Determinants</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></h3></div> <ol type="I"> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_of_Determinant" title="Linear Algebra/Definition of Determinant">Definition</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Exploration" title="Linear Algebra/Exploration">Exploration</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Properties_of_Determinants" title="Linear Algebra/Properties of Determinants">Properties of Determinants</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/The_Permutation_Expansion" title="Linear Algebra/The Permutation Expansion">The Permutation Expansion</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Determinants_Exist" title="Linear Algebra/Determinants Exist">Determinants Exist</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Geometry_of_Determinants" title="Linear Algebra/Geometry of Determinants">Geometry of Determinants</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Determinants_as_Size_Functions" title="Linear Algebra/Determinants as Size Functions">Determinants as Size Functions</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Other_Formulas_for_Determinants" title="Linear Algebra/Other Formulas for Determinants">Other Formulas for Determinants</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Laplace%27s_Expansion" title="Linear Algebra/Laplace's Expansion">Laplace's Expansion</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Cramer%27s_Rule" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Cramer's Rule">Topic: Cramer's Rule</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Speed_of_Calculating_Determinants" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Speed of Calculating Determinants">Topic: Speed of Calculating Determinants</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Projective_Geometry" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Projective Geometry">Topic: Projective Geometry</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 21, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 21, 2009)</small></span> </li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similarity_(Jun_24,_2009)"><span id="Similarity_.28Jun_24.2C_2009.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Introduction_to_Similarity" title="Linear Algebra/Introduction to Similarity">Similarity</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></h3></div> <ol type="I"> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Complex_Vector_Spaces" title="Linear Algebra/Complex Vector Spaces">Complex Vector Spaces</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Factoring_and_Complex_Numbers:_A_Review" title="Linear Algebra/Factoring and Complex Numbers: A Review">Factoring and Complex Numbers: A Review</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Complex_Representations" title="Linear Algebra/Complex Representations">Complex Representations</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li>Similarity <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Definition_and_Examples_of_Similarity" title="Linear Algebra/Definition and Examples of Similarity">Definition and Examples</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Diagonalizability" title="Linear Algebra/Diagonalizability">Diagonalizability</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Eigenvalues_and_Eigenvectors" title="Linear Algebra/Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors">Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Nilpotence" title="Linear Algebra/Nilpotence">Nilpotence</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Self-Composition" title="Linear Algebra/Self-Composition">Self-Composition</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Strings" title="Linear Algebra/Strings">Strings</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Jordan_Form" title="Linear Algebra/Jordan Form">Jordan Form</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Polynomials_of_Maps_and_Matrices" title="Linear Algebra/Polynomials of Maps and Matrices">Polynomials of Maps and Matrices</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Jordan_Canonical_Form" title="Linear Algebra/Jordan Canonical Form">Jordan Canonical Form</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span></li></ol> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Geometry_of_Eigenvalues" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Geometry of Eigenvalues">Topic: Geometry of Eigenvalues</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="50% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="50% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/9px-50_percents.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/14px-50_percents.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/50_percents.svg/18px-50_percents.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_The_Method_of_Powers" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: The Method of Powers">Topic: The Method of Powers</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Stable_Populations" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Stable Populations">Topic: Stable Populations</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Topic:_Linear_Recurrences" title="Linear Algebra/Topic: Linear Recurrences">Topic: Linear Recurrences</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009"><img alt="100% developed  as of Jun 24, 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Jun 24, 2009)</small></span> </li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unitary_Transformations">Unitary Transformations</h3></div> <ol type="I"> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Inner_product_spaces" title="Linear Algebra/Inner product spaces">Inner product spaces</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed"><img alt="75% developed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Unitary_and_Hermitian_matrices" title="Linear Algebra/Unitary and Hermitian matrices">Unitary and Hermitian matrices</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed"><img alt="75% developed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Singular_Value_Decomposition" title="Linear Algebra/Singular Value Decomposition">Singular Value Decomposition</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed"><img alt="75% developed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> </li><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Spectral_Theorem" title="Linear Algebra/Spectral Theorem">Spectral Theorem</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="75% developed"><img alt="75% developed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/9px-75_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/14px-75_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/75_percent.svg/18px-75_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span></span> </li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appendix"><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Appendix" title="Linear Algebra/Appendix">Appendix</a></h3></div> <p>The following is a brief overview of some basic concepts in mathematics. For more details, reader can read the wikibook <a href="/wiki/Mathematical_Proof" title="Mathematical Proof">Mathematical Proof</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Propositions" title="Linear Algebra/Propositions">Propositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Quantifiers" title="Linear Algebra/Quantifiers">Quantifiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Techniques_of_Proof" title="Linear Algebra/Techniques of Proof">Techniques of Proof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Sets,_Functions,_Relations" title="Linear Algebra/Sets, Functions, Relations">Sets, Functions, Relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resources_and_Licensing">Resources and Licensing</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Licensing_And_History" title="Linear Algebra/Licensing And History">Licensing And History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Resources" title="Linear Algebra/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Bibliography" title="Linear Algebra/Bibliography">Bibliography</a> (see individual pages for references)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Algebra/Index" title="Linear Algebra/Index">Index</a><span class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Help:Development_stages" title="100% developed  as of Apr 22, 2010"><img alt="100% developed  as of Apr 22, 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/9px-100_percent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/14px-100_percent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/100_percent.svg/18px-100_percent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="9" data-file-height="9" /></a></span><small> (Apr 22, 2010)</small></span></li></ul> </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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