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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Makroevolucija_i_„moderna_sinteza“" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makroevolucija_i_„moderna_sinteza“"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Makroevolucija i „moderna sinteza“</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makroevolucija_i_„moderna_sinteza“-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tipovi_makroevolucije" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tipovi_makroevolucije"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tipovi makroevolucije</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tipovi_makroevolucije-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Makroevolucija</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 38 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تطور كبروي – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تطور كبروي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makrot%C9%99kam%C3%BCl" title="Makrotəkamül – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Makrotəkamül" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макроеволюция – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Макроеволюция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevoluci%C3%B3" title="Macroevolució – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Macroevolució" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="پەرەسەندنی ئاست بەرز – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پەرەسەندنی ئاست بەرز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevoluce" title="Makroevoluce – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Makroevoluce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolution" title="Makroevolution – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Makroevolution" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevolution" title="Macroevolution – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Macroevolution" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevoluci%C3%B3n" title="Macroevolución – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Macroevolución" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolutsioon" title="Makroevolutsioon – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Makroevolutsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA" title="کلان‌فرگشت – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلان‌فرگشت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevoluutio" title="Makroevoluutio – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Makroevoluutio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevoluci%C3%B3n" title="Macroevolución – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Macroevolución" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolucija" title="Makroevolucija – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Makroevolucija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevol%C3%BAci%C3%B3" title="Makroevolúció – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Makroevolúció" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%A7%D5%BE%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Մակրոէվոլյուցիա – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մակրոէվոլյուցիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolusi" title="Makroevolusi – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makroevolusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevoluzione" title="Macroevoluzione – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macroevoluzione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макроэволюция – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Макроэволюция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макроэволюция – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Макроэволюция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevoliucija" title="Makroevoliucija – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Makroevoliucija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevol%C5%ABcija" title="Makroevolūcija – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Makroevolūcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A5%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%82" title="സ്ഥൂലപരിണാമം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ഥൂലപരിണാമം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolusi" title="Makroevolusi – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Makroevolusi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolusjon" title="Makroevolusjon – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Makroevolusjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroewolucja" title="Makroewolucja – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Makroewolucja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Macroevolução – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Macroevolução" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevolu%C8%9Bie" title="Macroevoluție – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Macroevoluție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Макроэволюция – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Макроэволюция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroevolution" title="Macroevolution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Macroevolution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevol%C3%BAcia" title="Makroevolúcia – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Makroevolúcia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Макроеволуција – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Макроеволуција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makroevolution" title="Makroevolution – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Makroevolution" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makro_evrim" title="Makro evrim – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Makro evrim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Макроеволюція – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макроеволюція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ارتقائے کبیر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ارتقائے کبیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E8%A7%80%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="宏觀演化 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宏觀演化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%8F%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96" title="宏進化 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宏進化" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q722612#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><p><b>Makroevolucija</b> je <a href="/wiki/Evolucija" title="Evolucija">evolucija</a> na razini odvojenih <a href="/wiki/Genski_fond" title="Genski fond">genskih fondova</a>. Makroevolucijske studije se fokusiraju na promjene koja se javljaju na ili iznad nivoa <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" class="mw-disambig" title="Vrsta">vrste</a>, za razliku od <a href="/wiki/Mikroevolucija" title="Mikroevolucija">mikroevolucije</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koja se odnosi na manje evolucijske promjene, koje se ispoljavaju u promjenama relativne frekvencije <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a>, odnosno <a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_struktura_populacije" title="Genetička struktura populacije">genetičke strukture populacije</a> u ukviru iste <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" class="mw-disambig" title="Vrsta">vrste</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizama</a>. Makroevolucija i <a href="/wiki/Mikroevolucija" title="Mikroevolucija">mikroevolucija</a> suštinski opisuju iste procese na različitim razinama.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_E._1970_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr_E._1970-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_E._2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr_E._2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proces <a href="/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija">specijacije</a> može se odvijati različitom brzinom, u zavisnosti od snage djelovanja <a href="/wiki/Faktori_evolucije" title="Faktori evolucije">evolucijskih činilaca</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paleontologija" title="Paleontologija">Paleontologija</a>, evolucijska <a href="/wiki/Embriologija" title="Embriologija">razvojna biologija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genomika" title="Genomika">komparativna genomika</a> i <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genomska</a> filostratigrafija doprinose većini objašnjenja obrazaca i procesa koji mogu usmjeravati makroevoluciju. Primjer makroevolucije je pojava <a href="/wiki/Pero" class="mw-redirect" title="Pero">perja</a> tokom evolucije ptica iz teropodnih <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinosaurus">dinosaurusa</a>. </p><p>Evolucijski tok porodice <i>Equidae</i> (široke porodice, uključujući sve <a href="/wiki/Konj" title="Konj">konje</a> i srodne <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinja" class="mw-redirect" title="Životinja">životinje</a>) se često gleda kao tipičan primjer makroevolucije. Najraniji poznati rod, <i>Hyracotherium</i> (reklasificirani kao <i>Palaeotherium</i>), bio je <a href="/wiki/Biljojedi" class="mw-redirect" title="Biljojedi">biljojedna</a> životinja nalik na psa, koja je živila u ranom <a href="/wiki/Kenozoik" title="Kenozoik">Kenozoiku</a>. Kako je svoje stanište, nakon prorjeđivanja <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0uma" title="Šuma">šuma</a>, nalazio u otvorenu sušnim travnjacima, <a href="/wiki/Selekcijski_pritisak" title="Selekcijski pritisak">selekcijski pritisak</a> je djelovao u pravcu da životinja postane brzi trkač. Tako je istezanje nogu i glave, kao i smanjenje broja prstiju postupno proizvelo jedini postojeći takson konja, <i>Equus</i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Makroevolucija_i_„moderna_sinteza“"><span id="Makroevolucija_i_.E2.80.9Emoderna_sinteza.E2.80.9C"></span>Makroevolucija i „moderna sinteza“</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Makroevolucija i „moderna sinteza“"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Makroevolucija i „moderna sinteza“"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U „modernoj naučnoj sintezi“, novoj školi mišljenja na kraju 1930-ih godina, makroevolucijom su se smatrali nagomilani efekti mikroevolucije. Dakle, jedine suštinske razlika između mikro- i makroevolucije su trajanje i razina. Kao što je primijećeno, <br /><i>"transspecijska evolucija nije ništa drugo nego ekstrapolacija i uvećanje događaja koji se odvijaju unutar <a href="/wiki/Populacija" title="Populacija">populacija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" class="mw-disambig" title="Vrsta">vrsta</a> ... pa je pogrešno praviti razliku između uzroka mikro i makroevolucije"</i>.<br /><sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_E._1970_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr_E._1970-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mayr_E._2000_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayr_E._2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, vrijeme nije potrebno razlikovni faktor, jer se makroevolucija može dogoditi i bez postepenog nakupljanja malih promjene. <a href="/wiki/Poliploid" title="Poliploid">Uvišestručavanje</a> cijelog <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genoma</a> može dovesti do pojave da se specijacija javlja u toku jedne generacije, što je relativno čest fenomen ko <a href="/wiki/Biljka" class="mw-redirect" title="Biljka">biljaka</a>. </p><p>Promjene u genima koji regulišu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Razvoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Razvoj (stranica ne postoji)">razvoj</a> također su predloženi kao važni u mogućoj specijaciji putem velikih i relativno naglih promjena u <a href="/wiki/Morfologija" class="mw-disambig" title="Morfologija">morfologiji</a> <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDivotinja" class="mw-redirect" title="Životinja">životinja</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tipovi_makroevolucije">Tipovi makroevolucije</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Tipovi makroevolucije"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tipovi makroevolucije"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Postoji mnogo načina proučavanja makroevolucije, na primjer, posmatranjem promjena u <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morfologija" class="mw-disambig" title="Morfologija">morfologiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taksonomija" title="Taksonomija">taksonomiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ekologija" title="Ekologija">ekologiji</a> i <a href="/wiki/Etologija" title="Etologija">ponašanju</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizama</a>. Postoje dokazi da su svi ovi elementi u međusobnoj vezi sa makroevolucijom, tako da kada gledate evoluciju iz jedne od ovih perspektiva, mora se uzeti u obzir u kontekstu drugih. </p> <ul><li>Molekulska evolucija se javlja putem malih promjene na molekulskoj ili ćelijskoj razini. Tokom dugog vremenskog perioda, to može izazvati velike efekte u <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genomu</a> organizama.</li> <li>Taksonomska evolucija se odvija na osnovu malih promjena između populacije i njene vrste. U dugom razdoblju, to može izazvati velike efekte na taksonomiju organizama sa pojavom sasvim novih grana iznad razine vrste.</li> <li>Morfološkia evolucija se javlja putem malih promjena u <a href="/wiki/Morfologija" class="mw-disambig" title="Morfologija">morfologiji</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizama</a>. Tokom dugog vremenskog perioda, to može izazvati velike efekte na <a href="/wiki/Morfologija" class="mw-disambig" title="Morfologija">morfologiju</a> velikih <a href="/wiki/Filogeneza" title="Filogeneza">filognetskih</a> ogranaka. To se može jasno vidjeti u <i>Cetacea</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kit (stranica ne postoji)">kitovi</a>), koji su početkom evolucije, i dalje su bile prisutne zadnje noge. Međutim, milionima godina one su nazadovale i postale interne.</li> <li>Ekološka evolucija se javlja uz male promjene ekoloških uloga organizama, koje zauzimaju u <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistemu</a>. U toku dugog vremenskog perioda, to može izazvati velike efekte na ekološki pejzaž. Na primjer, zauzimanje određene <a href="/wiki/Ekolo%C5%A1ka_ni%C5%A1a" title="Ekološka niša">ekološke niše</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dobzhansky T. (1937): Genetics and the origin of species. Columbia University Press, New York.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayr_E._1970-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_E._1970_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_E._1970_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayr E. (1970): Populatiomns, species, and evolution – An abridgment of Animal species and evolution. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachussets and London, England, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-674-69013-3" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-674-69013-3">0-674-69013-3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayr_E._2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_E._2000_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayr_E._2000_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayr E. (2000): The growth of biological thought – Diversity, evolution, and inheritance, 11th printing, first: Copyright © 1982. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge (Mass.), London (England) , <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-674-36445-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-674-36445-7">0-674-36445-7</a> ; <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-674-36446-5" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-674-36446-5">0-674-36446-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dobzhansky T. (1970): Genetics of the evolutionary process. Columbia, New York, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/0-231-02837-7" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/0-231-02837-7">0-231-02837-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hadžiselimović R. (1986): Uvod u teoriju antropogeneze. Svjetlost, Sarajevo, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9958-9344-2-6" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9958-9344-2-6">9958-9344-2-6</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Makroevolucija&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikroevolucija" title="Mikroevolucija">Mikroevolucija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faktori_evolucije" title="Faktori evolucije">Faktori evolucije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija">Specijacija</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Evolucijska_biologija" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312386">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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života</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeks_%C4%8Dlanaka_evolucijske_biologije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeks članaka evolucijske biologije (stranica ne postoji)">Indeks članaka evolucijske biologije</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pregled_evolucije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pregled evolucije (stranica ne postoji)">Pregled evolucije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brzina_evolucije" title="Brzina evolucije">Brzina evolucije</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolucija" title="Evolucija">Evolucija</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiogeneza" title="Abiogeneza">Abiogeneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaptacija" title="Adaptacija">Adaptacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zajedni%C4%8Dki_predak" title="Zajednički predak">Zajednički predak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokazi_evolucije" title="Dokazi evolucije">Dokazi zajedničkog porijekla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumiranje" title="Izumiranje">Izumiranje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najbli%C5%BEi_drevni_zajedni%C4%8Dki_predak" title="Najbliži drevni zajednički predak">Najbliži drevni zajednički predak</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Makroevolucija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroevolucija" title="Mikroevolucija">Mikroevolucija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panspermija" title="Panspermija">Panspermija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija">Specijacija</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Divergencija savremenih taksonomskih grupa od njihovog zajedničkog pretka"><img alt="Divergencija savremenih taksonomskih grupa od njihovog zajedničkog pretka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/langbs-140px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/langbs-210px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg/langbs-280px-CollapsedtreeLabels-simplified.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Populacijska_genetika" title="Populacijska genetika">Populacijska genetika</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_izolacija" title="Genetička izolacija">Genetička izolacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dki_drift" title="Genetički drift">Genetički drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutacija" title="Mutacija">Mutacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selekcija" title="Selekcija">Selekcija</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Razviće</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Usmjeravanje_(genetika)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Usmjeravanje (genetika) (stranica ne postoji)">Usmjeravanje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucijska_razvojna_biologija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucijska razvojna biologija (stranica ne postoji)">Evolucijska razvojna biologija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inverzija_(evolucija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inverzija (evolucija) (stranica ne postoji)">Inverzija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modularnost_(biologija)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modularnost (biologija) (stranica ne postoji)">Modularnost</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenotipska_plasti%C4%8Dnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenotipska plastičnost (stranica ne postoji)">Fenotipska plastičnost</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Evolucija taksona</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_ptica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija ptica (stranica ne postoji)">Evolucija ptica</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porijeklo_ptica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porijeklo ptica (stranica ne postoji)">Porijeklo ptica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucijska_historija_ramenono%C5%BEaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucijska historija ramenonožaca (stranica ne postoji)">Ramenonošci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucijska_historija_glavono%C5%BEaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucijska historija glavonožaca (stranica ne postoji)">Glavonošci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_dinosaura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija dinosaura (stranica ne postoji)">Dinosauri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_riba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija riba (stranica ne postoji)">Ribe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_gljiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija gljiva (stranica ne postoji)">Gljive</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_insekata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija insekata (stranica ne postoji)">Insekti</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_leptira&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija leptira (stranica ne postoji)">Leptiri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucijska_historija_%C5%BEivota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucijska historija života (stranica ne postoji)">Život</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_sisara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija sisara (stranica ne postoji)">Sisari</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_ma%C4%8Daka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija mačaka (stranica ne postoji)">Mačke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porijeklo_doma%C4%87eg_psa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porijeklo domaćeg psa (stranica ne postoji)">Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_kitova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija kitova (stranica ne postoji)">Delfini i kitovi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_konja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija konja (stranica ne postoji)">Konji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolucija_%C4%8Dovjeka" title="Evolucija čovjeka">Ljudi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucijska_historija_lemura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucijska historija lemura (stranica ne postoji)">Lemuri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_morskih_krava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija morskih krava (stranica ne postoji)">Morske krave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_mehku%C5%A1aca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija mehkušaca (stranica ne postoji)">Mehkušci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolucijska_historija_biljaka" title="Evolucijska historija biljaka">Biljke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_gmizavaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija gmizavaca (stranica ne postoji)">Gmizavci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_paukova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija paukova (stranica ne postoji)">Pauci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_%C4%8Detverono%C5%BEaca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija četveronožaca (stranica ne postoji)">Četveronošci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_virusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija virusa (stranica ne postoji)">Virusi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_gripe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija gripe (stranica ne postoji)">Gripa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Evolucija <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomija)" title="Organ (anatomija)">organa</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_%C4%87elije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija ćelije (stranica ne postoji)">Ćelija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Modeli_evolucije_DNK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modeli evolucije DNK (stranica ne postoji)">DNK</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_bi%C4%8Deva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija bičeva (stranica ne postoji)">Bičevi</a></li> <li>Kod eukariota <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eukarioti" title="Eukarioti">Eukariotska ćelija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">Hromosom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hromatin" title="Hromatin">Hromatin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomembranski_sistem" title="Endomembranski sistem">Sistem endomembrana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitohondrija" title="Mitohondrija">Mitohondrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jedro_(biologija)" title="Jedro (biologija)">Jedro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastidi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Životinje <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_oka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija oka (stranica ne postoji)">Oko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_dlake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija dlake (stranica ne postoji)">Dlaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_sisarskih_slu%C5%A1nih_ko%C5%A1%C4%8Dica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija sisarskih slušnih koščica (stranica ne postoji)">Slušne koščice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_nervnog_sistema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija nervnog sistema (stranica ne postoji)">Nervni sistem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_mozga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija mozga (stranica ne postoji)">Mozak</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Evolucija bioloških procesa</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_starenja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija starenja (stranica ne postoji)">Starenje</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smrt" title="Smrt">Smrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programirana_%C4%87elijska_smrt" title="Programirana ćelijska smrt">Programirana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Porijeklo_pti%C4%8Dijeg_leta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porijeklo ptičijeg leta (stranica ne postoji)">Ptičiji let</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_biolo%C5%A1ke_kompleksnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija biološke kompleksnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Biološka kompleksnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kooperacija_(evolucija)" title="Kooperacija (evolucija)">Kooperacija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_vi%C4%91enja_boja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija viđenja boja (stranica ne postoji)">Viđenje boja</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_vi%C4%91enja_boja_u_primata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija viđenja boja u primata (stranica ne postoji)">Kod primata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_emocija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija emocija (stranica ne postoji)">Emocije</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Empatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empatija (stranica ne postoji)">Empatija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucijska_etika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucijska etika (stranica ne postoji)">Etika</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_eusocijalnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija eusocijalnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Eusocijalnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imunski_sistem" class="mw-redirect" title="Imunski sistem">Imunski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolizam" title="Metabolizam">Metabolizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogamija" class="mw-redirect" title="Monogamija">Monogamija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_smrtnosti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija smrtnosti (stranica ne postoji)">Moralitet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozai%C4%8Dna_evolucija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozaična evolucija (stranica ne postoji)">Mozaična evolucija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_vi%C5%A1e%C4%87elijskih_organizama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija višećelijskih organizama (stranica ne postoji)">Metazoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolucija_spolnog_razmno%C5%BEavanja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolucija spolnog razmnožavanja (stranica ne postoji)">Spolno razmnožavanje</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anizogamija" title="Anizogamija">Diferencijacija gameta / spolovi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biolo%C5%A1ki_%C5%BEivotni_ciklus" class="mw-redirect" title="Biološki životni ciklus">Životni ciklus / jedarne faze</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tipovi_parenja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tipovi parenja (stranica ne postoji)">Tipovi parenja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistem_odre%C4%91ivanja_spola" title="Sistem određivanja spola">Određivanje spola</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brzina_i_oblik_evolucije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brzina i oblik evolucije (stranica ne postoji)">Tempo i oblici</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brzina_evolucije" title="Brzina evolucije">Brzina</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filetski_gradualizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filetski gradualizam (stranica ne postoji)">Filetski gradualizam</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isprekidana_ravnote%C5%BEa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isprekidana ravnoteža (stranica ne postoji)">Isprekidana ravnoteža</a></li></ul></li> <li>Oblici <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gradualizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gradualizam (stranica ne postoji)">Gradualizam</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saltacionizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saltacionizam (stranica ne postoji)">Saltacionizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikromutacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikromutacija (stranica ne postoji)">Mikromutacija</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makromutacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makromutacija (stranica ne postoji)">Makromutacija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniformitarijanizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uniformitarijanizam (stranica ne postoji)">Uniformitarijanizam</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Katastrofizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katastrofizam (stranica ne postoji)">Katastrofizam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Oblici <a href="/wiki/Specijacija" title="Specijacija">specijacije</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alopatri%C4%8Dna_specijacija" title="Alopatrična specijacija">Alopatrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anageneza" title="Anageneza">Anageneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katageneza" class="mw-redirect" title="Katageneza">Katageneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladogeneza" title="Kladogeneza">Kladogeneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekolo%C5%A1ka_specijacija" title="Ekološka specijacija">Ekološka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibridna_specijacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibridna specijacija (stranica ne postoji)">Hibridna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapatrijska_specijacija" title="Parapatrijska specijacija">Parapatrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripatri%C4%8Dna_specijacija" title="Peripatrična specijacija">Peripatrija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpatri%C4%8Dna_specijacija" title="Simpatrična specijacija">Simpatrija</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Srodne teme</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekolo%C5%A1ka_genetika" title="Ekološka genetika">Ekološka genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekularna_evolucija" title="Molekularna evolucija">Molekularna evolucija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filogenetika" title="Filogenetika">Filogenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polimorfizam_(biologija)" title="Polimorfizam (biologija)">Polimorfizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto%C4%87elija" title="Protoćelija">Protoćelija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosistematika" title="Biosistematika">Biosistematika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Historija</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biolo%C5%A1ka_klasifikacija" title="Biološka klasifikacija">Biološka klasifikacija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_porijeklu_vrsta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O porijeklu vrsta (stranica ne postoji)">O porijeklu vrsta</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genski_centrirano_vi%C4%91enje_evolucije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genski centrirano viđenje evolucije (stranica ne postoji)">Genski centrirano viđenje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Historija_evolucijske_misli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Historija evolucijske misli (stranica ne postoji)">Historija evolucijske misli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderna_sinteza" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderna sinteza">Moderna sinteza</a> teorije evolucije</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pro%C5%A1irena_sinteza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proširena sinteza (stranica ne postoji)">Proširena sinteza</a> teorije evolucije</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kategorija"><img alt="Kategorija" 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