Khutbah Jumat: Enam Adab Berpuasa Menurut Imam al-Ghazali

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Setiap perbuatan tercela"> <section class="m-t-10"> <div class="container arsip"> <div class="content-710"> <div class="s-title"><h1>Khutbah Jumat: Enam Adab Berpuasa Menurut Imam al-Ghazali</h1></div> <div class="s-info"> Kamis, 02 Mei 2019 15:00 <span class="right"><a href="/web/20190520164224/http://www.nu.or.id/post/9/khutbah/" class="cat"><i class=""></i> Khutbah</a></span> <p class="sosmed"> <strong>Bagikan </strong> <input type="hidden" name="realURL" id="realURL" value="http://www.nu.or.id/post/read/105594/khutbah-jumat-enam-adab-berpuasa-menurut-imam-al-ghazali"/> <input type="hidden" name="shortURL" id="shortURL" value=""/> <input type="hidden" name="sosDesc" id="sosDesc" value="Menyakiti orang lain baik secara fisik maupun secara verbal merupakan perbuatan tercela. Setiap perbuatan tercela"/> <input type="hidden" name="sosName" id="sosName" value="Khutbah Jumat: Enam Adab Berpuasa Menurut Imam al-Ghazali"/> <input type="hidden" name="sosPic" id="sosPic" value="http://www.nu.or.id/o-client/nu_or_id/pictures/post/mid/15567806365cca965c4038f.jpg"/> <input type="hidden" name="sosCap" id="sosCap" value=" "/> <a href="javascript:share_fb()" class="af-icon farounded fb"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> <a href="javascript:share_tw()" class="af-icon farounded tw"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> <a href="" class="af-icon farounded gp"><i class="fa fa-google-plus"></i></a> </p> </div> <div id="konten_detil" style="z-index:2;"> <div> <div class="s-foto" style="position: relative;"> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520164224im_/http://www.nu.or.id/o-client/nu_or_id/pictures/post/big/15567806365cca965c4038f.jpg" alt="Khutbah Jumat: Enam Adab Berpuasa Menurut Imam al-Ghazali" style="width:100%;"> </div> <div class="s-post"><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Khutbah I</span><br></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">اْلحَمْدُ للهِ اْلحَمْدُ للهِ الّذي هَدَانَا سُبُلَ السّلاَمِ، وَأَفْهَمَنَا بِشَرِيْعَةِ النَّبِيّ الكَريمِ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا اِلَهَ إِلَّا الله وَحْدَهُ لا شَرِيك لَه، ذُو اْلجَلالِ وَالإكْرام، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنّ سَيِّدَنَا وَنَبِيَّنَا مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَ رَسولُه، اللّهُمَّ صَلِّ و سَلِّمْ وَبارِكْ عَلَى سَيِّدِنا مُحَمّدٍ وَعَلَى الِه وَأصْحابِهِ وَالتَّابِعينَ بِإحْسانِ إلَى يَوْمِ الدِّين، أَمَّا بَعْدُ: فَيَاأيُّهَا الإِخْوَان، أوْصُيْكُمْ وَ نَفْسِيْ بِتَقْوَى اللهِ وَطَاعَتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُوْنْ، قَالَ اللهُ تَعَالىَ فِي اْلقُرْانِ اْلكَرِيمْ: أَعُوْذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الَّشيْطَانِ الرَّجِيْم، بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَانِ الرَّحِيْمْ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا اتَّقُوا الله وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا، يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ الله وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا وقال تعالى يَا اَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا اتَّقُوْا اللهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلاَ تَمُوْتُنَّ إِلاَّ وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُوْنَ.</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">صَدَقَ اللهُ العَظِيمْ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Jamaah Jumat <span style="font-style: italic;">hafidhakumullah</span>,</div><div><br></div><div>Beberapa hari lagi kita akan memasuki bulan Ramadhan 1440 H. Pada bulan ini umat Islam di seluruh dunia diwajibkan berpuasa sebagaimana umat-umat sebelumnya. Hal ini sebagaimana firman Allah <span style="font-style: italic;">subhanu wa’taála </span>dalam surat Al-Baqarah ayat 183 sebagai berikut:</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَتَّقُونَ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Artinya: “Hai orang-orang yang beriman, diwajibkan atas kamu berpuasa sebagaimana diwajibkan atas orang-orang sebelum kalian agar kamu bertakwa.”</div><div><br></div><div>Ibadah puasa tidak hanya memiliki ketentuan hukum yang menentukan sah tidaknya, tetapi juga memiliki adab tertentu yang berpengaruh terhadap pahala yang diterima oleh seseorang. Artinya adab berpuasa sangat penting untuk diperhatikan karena menentukan kualitas ibadah ini di hadapan Allah <span style="font-style: italic;">subhanu wa’taála </span>sebagaimana nasihat Imam Al-Ghazali dalam risalahnya berjudul <span style="font-style: italic;">al-Adab fid Din </span>dalam <span style="font-style: italic;">Majmu'ah Rasail al-Imam al-Ghazali (</span>Kairo, Al-Maktabah At-Taufiqiyyah, t.th., halaman 439), sebagai berikut: </div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">آدَابُ الصِّيَامِ: طَيِّبُ اْلغِذاَءِ، وَتَرْكُ اْلمِرَاءِ، وَمُجَانَبَةُ اْلغِيْبَةِ، وَرَفْضُ اْلكَذِبِ، وَتَرْكُ اْلآذَى ، وَصَوْنُ اْلجَوَارِحِ عَنِ اْلقَبَائِحِ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Artinya: “Adab berpuasa, yakni: mengonsumsi makanan yang baik, menghindari perselisihan, menjauhi ghibah (menggunjing orag lain), menolak dusta, tidak menyakiti orang lain, menjaga anggota badan dari segala perbuatan buruk.”</div><div><br></div><div>Jamaah Jumat <span style="font-style: italic;">hafidhakumullah</span>,</div><div><br></div><div>Keenam adab sebagaimana disebutkan di atas akan diuraikan satu per satu berikut ini: </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Pertama</span>, mengonsumsi makanan yang baik. Selama berpuasa, khususnya di bulan Ramadhan, makanan yang sebaiknya kita konsumsi adalah makanan yang baik atau halalan thayyiba. Makanan yang baik tidak identik dengan makanan yang lezat atau mahal, tetapi adalah makanan yang baik bagi kesehatan dan tentu saja juga halal secara syarí. Beberapa makanan dikenal sangat lezat seperti cumi-cumi, rempelo, hati, otak dan sebagainya. Tetapi semua makanan ini mengandung protein sangat tinggi yang dalam jangka pendek atau panjang bisa merugikan kesehatan khususnya bagi mereka yang telah mengidap kelesterol tinggi. </div><div><br></div><div>Beberapa makanan yang baik kita konsumsi selama Ramadhan, disamping makanan pokok seperti nasi atau lainnya, adalah kurma, madu, sayuran, daging, ikan, dan lain sebagainya. Intinya adalah makanan yang secara kesehatan baik untuk dikonsumsi dan juga halal secara syarí. Syukur-syukur makanan itu ada tuntunannya di dalam agama baik berdasarkan Al-Qur’an atau hadits Nabi <span style="font-style: italic;">shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam </span> seperti madu dan kurma sebagaimana telah disebutkan di atas. </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Kedua</span>, menghindari perselisihan. Pertengkaran atau perselisihan bisa terjadi kapan saja. Tetapi orang-orang berpuasa sangat dianjurkan menjaga kesucian bulan Ramadhan dengan tidak melakukan pertengkaran. Untuk itu diperlukan kesadaran penuh untuk menahan diri dari emosi yang dapat menjurus pada pertengkaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan hadits Rasulullah yang dirawayatkan oleh Bukhari berikut ini:</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">وَإِنِ امْرُؤٌ قَاتَلَهُ أَوْ شَاتَمَهُ فَلْيَقُلْ: إِنِّي صَائِمٌ مَرَّتَيْنِ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Artinya: “Dan jika seseorang mengajak bertengkar atau mencela maka katakanlah, “ Sesungguhnya aku sedang berpuasa. (Ucapkan hal ini dua kali).” </div><div><br></div><div>Jadi ungkapan “Aku sedang berpuasa” sebagaimana dimaksudkan dalam hadits di atas adalah untuk menyatakan ketidak sanggupan kita untuk berselisih atau bertengkar dengan pihak lain di bulan Ramadhan. Intinya kita sangat dianjurkan untuk bisa menjaga perdamaian dan kerukunan bersama di saat kita sedang berpuasa. </div><div><br></div><div>Jamaah Jumat <span style="font-style: italic;">hafidhakumullah</span>,</div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Ketiga</span>, menjauhi ghibah/menggunjing orang lain. Menggunjing orang lain di luar bulan Ramadhan saja tidak baik, apalagi selama puasa di bulan suci ini. Tentu dosanya lebih besar dan dapat menghilangkan pahala berpuasa itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu setiap orang yang berpuasa perlu menyadari hal ini sehingga bisa bersikap hati-hati dalam menjaga lisannya. </div><div><br></div><div>Lisan memang merupakan salah satu organ manusia yang paling banyak mendatangkan dosa apabila kita tidak berhati-hati. Artinya banyak dosa yang diakibatkan ketidak mampuan kita menjaga lisan, seperti menggunjing, memfitnah dan sebagainya. Semakin baik kita menjaga lisan, semakin banyak keselamatan kita dapatkan. Hal ini sejalan dengan hadits Rasulullah <span style="font-style: italic;">shallallahu alaihi wasallam </span>yang diriwayatkan Al-Bukhari sebagai berikut:</div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">سَلَامَةُ اْلِإنْسَانِ فِي حِفْظِ الِّلسَانِ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Artinya: “Keselamatan manusia bergantung pada kemampuannya menjaga lisan.” </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Keempat</span>, menolak dusta. Menolak berkata dusta merupakan hal penting sebab sekali berdusta kita akan cenderung berdusta lagi untuk menutupi dusta sebelumnya. Di saat puasa, kita harus mampu menghindari berkata dusta karena dusta dapat mengurangi atau bahkan menghilangkan pahala berpuasa. Juga, kita harus mampu menahan diri dari melakukan sumpah palsu sebab hal ini juga dapat merusak kualitas ibadah puasa kita. Tentu saja tidak hanya kualitas ibadah puasa kita menjadi menurun akibat dusta dan bersumpah palsu, tetapi juga kita akan mendapatkan dosa yang lebih besar. </div><div><br></div><div>Hal tersebut sebagaimana disinggung Rasulullah dalam haditsnya yang diriwayatkan oleh At-Thabrani sebagai berikut: </div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">فَاتَّقُوا شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَإِنَّ الْحَسَنَاتِ تُضَاعَفُ فِيهِ وَكَذَلِكَ السَّيِّئَاتُ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Artinya: “Takutlah kalian terhadap bulan Ramadhan karena pada bulan ini, kebaikan dilipatkan sebagaimana dosa juga dilipat-gandakan.”</div><div><br></div><div>Jamaah Jumat <span style="font-style: italic;">hafidhakumullah,</span>, </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Kelima</span>, tidak menyakiti orang lain. Menyakiti orang lain baik secara fisik maupun secara verbal merupakan perbuatan tercela. Setiap perbuatan tercela berdampak langsung terhadap kualitas ibadah puasa kita. Ibadah puasa yang kita jalani dengan susah payah dengan menahan dahaga dan lapar dari pagi dini hari hingga saat maghrib, akan sia-sia tanpa pahala apabila kita tidak mampu menahan diri dari perbuatan-perbuatan yang dapat menyakiti orang lain. Menyakiti orang lain merupakan kezaliman dan oleh karenanya merupakan kemaksiatan. </div><div><br></div><div>Oleh karena itu, betapa pentingnya selalu mengingat bahwa di dalam bulan Ramadhan kita benar-benar harus dapat menjaga lisan agar tidak sekali-kali menggunakannya untuk menyakiti orang lain seperti memfitnah, menghina dan lain sebagainya. </div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Keenam</span>, menjaga anggota badan dari segala macam perbuatan buruk. Di bulan Ramadhan khususnya, hendaklah kita dapat menjaga tangan kita agar tidak kita gunakan untuk maksiat seperti memukul orang lain ataupun mencuri, dan sebagainya. Kaki juga harus kita jaga sebaik mungkin dengan tidak menggunakannya untuk pergi ke tempat-tempat tertentu untuk berbuat maksiat dan sebagainya. Demikian pula mata dan telinga kita hendaklah selalu kita jaga sebaik-baiknya agar tidak kita gunakan untuk melakukan perbuatan maksiat yang dosanya dilipatkan dalam bulan suci ini. </div><div><br></div><div>Singkatnya, jangan sampai kita berpuasa tetapi tidak mendapatkan apa-apa selain haus dan dahaga saja karena banyak melanggar adab berpuasa sebagaiamana dikhawatirkan Rasululllah <span style="font-style: italic;">shallallahu ‘alaihi wasallam </span>dalam sebuah hadits yang diriwayatkan Imam Ahmad sebagai berikut: </div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">كَمْ مِنْ صَائِمٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنْ صِيَامِهِ إلاَّ اْلجُوْعُ وَاْلعَطَسُ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div>Artinya: “Banyak orang yang berpuasa, namun mereka tidak mendapatkan apa pun selain dari pada lapar dan dahaga.”</div><div><br></div><div>Jamaah Jumat <span style="font-style: italic;">hafidhakumullah</span>, </div><div><br></div><div>Semoga kita semua termasuk orang-orang yang mendapat rahmat dan pertolongan dari Allah <span style="font-style: italic;">subhanahu wata’ala </span>sehingga ibadah puasa tahun ini akan dapat kita laksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya tanpa melanggar ketentuan hukum dan adab berpuasa. Dengan cara ini insya Allah puasa kita akan diterima oleh Allah <span style="font-style: italic;">subhanahu wata’ala </span>dan mendapatkan ampunan-Nya yang sebesar-besarnya. <span style="font-style: italic;">Amin ya rabbal alamin</span>. </div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">جَعَلَنا اللهُ وَإيَّاكم مِنَ الفَائِزِين الآمِنِين، وَأدْخَلَنَا وإِيَّاكم فِي زُمْرَةِ عِبَادِهِ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ : أعُوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطانِ الرَّجِيمْ، بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمانِ الرَّحِيمْ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا </span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">باَرَكَ اللهُ لِيْ وَلكمْ فِي القُرْآنِ العَظِيْمِ، وَنَفَعَنِيْ وَإِيّاكُمْ بِالآياتِ وذِكْرِ الحَكِيْمِ. إنّهُ تَعاَلَى جَوّادٌ كَرِيْمٌ مَلِكٌ بَرٌّ رَؤُوْفٌ رَحِيْمٌ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Khutbah II</span></div><div><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">اَلْحَمْدُ للهِ عَلىَ إِحْسَانِهِ وَالشُّكْرُ لَهُ عَلىَ تَوْفِيْقِهِ وَاِمْتِنَانِهِ. وَأَشْهَدُ أَنْ لاَ اِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَاللهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيْكَ لَهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أنَّ سَيِّدَنَا مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُوْلُهُ الدَّاعِى إلىَ رِضْوَانِهِ. اللهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ وِعَلَى اَلِهِ وَأَصْحَابِهِ وَسَلِّمْ تَسْلِيْمًا كِثيْرًا</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَياَ اَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اِتَّقُوااللهَ فِيْمَا أَمَرَ وَانْتَهُوْا عَمَّا نَهَى وَاعْلَمُوْا أَنَّ اللهَ أَمَرَكُمْ بِأَمْرٍ بَدَأَ فِيْهِ بِنَفْسِهِ وَثَـنَى بِمَلآ ئِكَتِهِ بِقُدْسِهِ وَقَالَ تَعاَلَى إِنَّ اللهَ وَمَلآئِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّوْنَ عَلىَ النَّبِى يآ اَيُّهَا الَّذِيْنَ آمَنُوْا صَلُّوْا عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوْا تَسْلِيْمًا. اللهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمْ وَعَلَى آلِ سَيِّدِناَ مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى اَنْبِيآئِكَ وَرُسُلِكَ وَمَلآئِكَةِ اْلمُقَرَّبِيْنَ وَارْضَ اللّهُمَّ عَنِ اْلخُلَفَاءِ الرَّاشِدِيْنَ أَبِى بَكْرٍ وَعُمَر وَعُثْمَان وَعَلِى وَعَنْ بَقِيَّةِ الصَّحَابَةِ وَالتَّابِعِيْنَ وَتَابِعِي التَّابِعِيْنَ لَهُمْ بِاِحْسَانٍ اِلَىيَوْمِ الدِّيْنِ وَارْضَ عَنَّا مَعَهُمْ بِرَحْمَتِكَ يَا أَرْحَمَ الرَّاحِمِيْنَ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div style="text-align: right; "><span style="font-size: 18px;">اَللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِلْمُؤْمِنِيْنَ وَاْلمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَاْلمُسْلِمِيْنَ وَاْلمُسْلِمَاتِ اَلاَحْيآءُ مِنْهُمْ وَاْلاَمْوَاتِ اللهُمَّ أَعِزَّ اْلإِسْلاَمَ وَاْلمُسْلِمِيْنَ وَأَذِلَّ الشِّرْكَ وَاْلمُشْرِكِيْنَ وَانْصُرْ عِبَادَكَ اْلمُوَحِّدِيَّةَ وَانْصُرْ مَنْ نَصَرَ الدِّيْنَ وَاخْذُلْ مَنْ خَذَلَ اْلمُسْلِمِيْنَ وَ دَمِّرْ أَعْدَاءَ الدِّيْنِ وَاعْلِ كَلِمَاتِكَ إِلَى يَوْمَ الدِّيْنِ. اللهُمَّ ادْفَعْ عَنَّا اْلبَلاَءَ وَاْلوَبَاءَ وَالزَّلاَزِلَ وَاْلمِحَنَ وَسُوْءَ اْلفِتْنَةِ وَاْلمِحَنَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ عَنْ بَلَدِنَا اِنْدُونِيْسِيَّا خآصَّةً وَسَائِرِ اْلبُلْدَانِ اْلمُسْلِمِيْنَ عآمَّةً يَا رَبَّ اْلعَالَمِيْنَ. رَبَّنَا آتِناَ فِى الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً وَفِى اْلآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ. رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا اَنْفُسَنَا وَاإنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا وَتَرْحَمْنَا لَنَكُوْنَنَّ مِنَ اْلخَاسِرِيْنَ. عِبَادَاللهِ ! إِنَّ اللهَ يَأْمُرُنَا بِاْلعَدْلِ وَاْلإِحْسَانِ وَإِيْتآءِ ذِي اْلقُرْبىَ وَيَنْهَى عَنِ اْلفَحْشآءِ وَاْلمُنْكَرِ وَاْلبَغْي يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُوْنَ وَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ اْلعَظِيْمَ يَذْكُرْكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوْهُ عَلىَ نِعَمِهِ يَزِدْكُمْ وَلَذِكْرُ اللهِ أَكْبَرْ</span></div><div style="text-align: right; "><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Ustadz Muhammad Ishom</span>, dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama (UNU) Surakarta. </span></div><div><br></div></div> </div> </div> <p class="m-30">  </p> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="s-terkait"> <div 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