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Peru dispatch: APEC 2024 summit in Lima marked by historic agreements, but also tensions on trade and sustainability - JURIST - News
<!DOCTYPE html> <!--[if IE 7]><html xml:lang=en lang=en dir=ltr class="lt-ie10 lt-ie9 lt-ie8"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8]><html xml:lang=en lang=en dir=ltr class="lt-ie10 lt-ie9"><![endif]--> <!--[if IE 9]><html xml:lang=en lang=en dir=ltr class="lt-ie10 ie9"><![endif]--> <!--[if gt IE 9]><!--><html xml:lang=en lang=en dir=ltr ><!--<![endif]--><html xml:lang=en dir=ltr itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/Blog lang=en-US><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# website: http://ogp.me/ns/website#"><meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport"><meta charset="utf-8"><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css media=all href=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/css/core.css><title>Peru dispatch: APEC 2024 summit in Lima marked by historic agreements, but also tensions on trade and sustainability - JURIST - News</title><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:site" content=""><meta name="twitter:title" content="Peru dispatch: APEC 2024 summit in Lima marked by historic agreements, but also tensions on trade and sustainability"><meta name="twitter:description" content="The 2024 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Leaders' Summit, hosted by Peru in Lima, where I go to law school, concluded last Saturday, November 16. It made progress on economic cooperation but..."><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.jurist.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2024/11/apec2024.png"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.jurist.org/news/?p=264482"><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by"><meta name="twitter:data1" content="Arlette Hurtado | Facultad de Derecho PUCP, PE"><meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time"><meta name="twitter:data2" content="2 minutes"><meta property="og:title" content="Peru dispatch: APEC 2024 summit in Lima marked by historic agreements, but also tensions on trade and sustainability"><meta property="og:description" content="The 2024 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Leaders' Summit, hosted by Peru in Lima, where I go to law school, concluded last Saturday, November 16. It made progress on economic cooperation but..."><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.jurist.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2024/11/apec2024.png"><meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"><meta property="og:image:height" content="440"><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/11/peru-dispatch-apec-2024-summit-in-lima-marked-by-historic-agreements-but-also-tensions-on-trade-and-sustainability/"><link rel=publisher href=https://www.jurist.org/news><meta name="referrer" content="origin"><meta name="referrer" content="unsafe-url"><link rel="shortcut icon" href=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/favicon.ico><link rel=canonical href=https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/11/peru-dispatch-apec-2024-summit-in-lima-marked-by-historic-agreements-but-also-tensions-on-trade-and-sustainability/ > <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-609467-1"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-609467-1'); gtag('config', 'G-DP5FGPD5S5');</script> <script type=application/ld+json>{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BlogPosting", "name": "Peru dispatch: APEC 2024 summit in Lima marked by historic agreements, but also tensions on trade and sustainability", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.jurist.org/news/2024/11/peru-dispatch-apec-2024-summit-in-lima-marked-by-historic-agreements-but-also-tensions-on-trade-and-sustainability/" }, "headline": "Peru dispatch: APEC 2024 summit in Lima marked by historic agreements, but also tensions on trade and…", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2024/11/apec2024.png", "width": "1200", "height": "440", "representativeOfPage": "http://schema.org/True" }, "datePublished": "2024-11-19T17:45:05-05:00", "dateModified": "2024-11-20T07:37:34-05:00", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Arlette Hurtado | Facultad de Derecho PUCP, PE", "url": "https://www.jurist.org/news/author/ahurtado", "description": "" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": " - JURIST - News", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg", "height": "60", "width": "200" } }, "articleBody": "<p>The 2024 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.apecperu.pe\/2024\/en\/\">Leaders’ Summit<\/a>, hosted by Peru in Lima, where I go to law school, concluded last Saturday, November 16. It made progress on economic cooperation but revealed tensions over trade policies, environmental concerns, and the influence of China. The summit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/institucion\/midagri\/noticias\/1059573-apec-peru-2024-peru-logra-importantes-acuerdos-historicos-para-impulsar-el-agro-y-el-ingreso-de-productos-a-mercados-internacionales\">resulted<\/a> in agreements on trade, agriculture, and market access for Peruvian products, but challenges remained in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.<\/p>\n<p>Peru <a href=\"https:\/\/www.elperuano.pe\/noticia\/257926-apec-2024-alcanzo-importantes-consensos\">achieved<\/a> agreements to expand access to international markets for agricultural exports and integrate environmental standards into trade agreements such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IZpuw7kRgJ0\">the inauguration of the Chancay Mega Port <\/a>\u00a0north of Lima, the optimization of Peru’s standing trade agreement with China, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/institucion\/mincetur\/noticias\/1058458-peru-y-hong-kong-suscriben-un-tratado-de-libre-comercio\">the signing of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Hong Kong.<\/a> However, disagreements emerged over how to balance trade liberalization with climate action. While trade expansion was the focus, discussions on green trade mechanisms highlighted deep divides between developed and developing economies generally.<\/p>\n<p>Peru\u2019s role as host was vital due to its position at the crossroads of economic development and environmental protection. The country<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gob.pe\/institucion\/midagri\/noticias\/1059573-apec-peru-2024-peru-logra-importantes-acuerdos-historicos-para-impulsar-el-agro-y-el-ingreso-de-productos-a-mercados-internacionales\"> benefitted<\/a> from agreements that improved market access for its agricultural exports in key Asia-Pacific markets. Peru used APEC as a platform to promote sustainable practices in trade, aiming to reconcile economic growth with environmental safeguards.<\/p>\n<p>On the global stage, Peru is navigating a broader geopolitical struggle. China\u2019s influence in Latin America is <a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/bolivien\/20442.pdf\">growing<\/a>, with trade agreements and infrastructure projects raising concerns about over-dependence. Peru emphasized the importance of diversifying trade partners while ensuring that economic growth does not harm the environment, especially in the Amazon, where deforestation is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ucm.es\/iuca\/file\/articulo_2_m-a_2021-1?ver\">growing problem<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>From a legal perspective, the APEC 2024 summit represents a crucial moment for international trade law. The agreements on agricultural exports and market access are significant for Peru\u2019s economy. However, the lack of binding climate commitments remains a critical issue.<\/p>\n<p>A central topic at the meeting was the idea of a green trade framework, which would incorporate environmental standards into trade agreements. While developed nations like the United States and Japan supported this idea, China opposed it, fearing restrictions on its trade and industrial growth. This division shows the difficulty in reconciling economic growth with the need for climate action.<\/p>\n<p>APEC’s challenge is to create legal frameworks that balance both economic integration and environmental accountability. Peru\u2019s push to protect the Amazon and promote sustainable practices\u00a0 while expanding trade demonstrates the complexity of this issue. Sustainable trade is not an easy task, but it is necessary for long-term global stability.<\/p>\n<p>Peru\u2019s leadership at the summit is commendable. However, the China-funded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aiddata.org\/blog\/chancay-port-opens-as-chinas-gateway-to-south-america\">Chancay Mega Port project<\/a> illustrates the ongoing tensions between economic development and environmental preservation. While the port promises significant economic benefits, concerns about its environmental impact, particularly on the local ecosystem, are growing.<\/p>\n<p>APEC 2024 had the potential to be a turning point in integrating environmental sustainability into trade policy. While the agreements were important, they fell short of what is needed to tackle the climate crisis. If APEC members do not commit to binding climate actions, the region risks failing to lead in the fight against global warming.<\/p>\n<p>For Peru, the challenge is clear: advance sustainable growth without compromising environmental health. The summit showed that while there is momentum toward trade cooperation, climate action must be central to that vision. The frameworks discussed at APEC were a step in the right direction, but they need to evolve into enforceable agreements that drive real change.<\/p>\n<p>If APEC nations do not align their trade policies with environmental sustainability, the region risks falling behind in the global fight against climate change. The world will be watching closely to see if APEC can deliver on its promises of a green future.<\/p>\n" }</script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="lst3shwiyZuYnuOj-DksZVuFLMY0n_insAX63BQTA4c"> <script async defer src=https://justatic.com/e/widgets/js/justia.js></script> </head><body class data-directive=j-gdpr data-privacy-policy-url=/privacy-policy/ ><div class=ui-overlay></div><header class=header id=header><div class="wrapper sides-margin"><div class=head><div class=header-logo> <a class=wrapper href=/ title=Jurist> <img alt=Jurist class=logo src=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-header.svg> </a></div><div class=header-cta><div class=wrapper> <a class="ui-button -darker" href="https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=QVD82R93TVMAG" target=_self>DONATE NOW</a></div></div></div></div><nav class="header-nav sides-margin" role=navigation><div id=burger-menu class=burger-menu data-directive=j-hamburger> <span class="line 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PE</span> </a> </span></div><div class=date> <time datetime=2024-11-19T17:45:05-05:00 class="post-date published">November 19, 2024 12:45:05 pm</time></div></div><div class=share-links xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/html> <a class=twitter data-endpoint="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Peru%20dispatch%3A%20APEC%202024%20summit%20in%20Lima%20marked%20by%20historic%20agreements%2C%20but%20also%20tensions%20on%20trade%20and%20sustainability&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurist.org%2Fnews%2F%3Fp%3D264482&original_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurist.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2Fperu-dispatch-apec-2024-summit-in-lima-marked-by-historic-agreements-but-also-tensions-on-trade-and-sustainability%2F" target=_blank data-directive=j-iframe-popup data-width=600 data-height=600 data-category=Navigation data-action="Social Media" data-label=Twitter> <span class=logo> <svg class=ui-icon width=32 height=32 viewBox="0 0 96 96"> <use xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/share-sprite.svg#twitter></use> </svg> </span> </a> <a class=linkedin data-endpoint="http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurist.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2Fperu-dispatch-apec-2024-summit-in-lima-marked-by-historic-agreements-but-also-tensions-on-trade-and-sustainability%2F%3Futm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_source%3Dlinkedin%26utm_campaign%3Djurist-2024-11-19-264482&title=Peru%20dispatch%3A%20APEC%202024%20summit%20in%20Lima%20marked%20by%20historic%20agreements%2C%20but%20also%20tensions%20on%20trade%20and%20sustainability" target=_blank data-directive=j-iframe-popup data-width=600 data-height=600 data-category=Navigation data-action="Social Media" data-label=LinkedIn> <span class=logo> <svg class=ui-icon width=32 height=32 viewBox="0 0 96 96"> <use xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/share-sprite.svg#linkedin></use> </svg> </span> </a> <a class=facebook data-endpoint="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jurist.org%2Fnews%2F2024%2F11%2Fperu-dispatch-apec-2024-summit-in-lima-marked-by-historic-agreements-but-also-tensions-on-trade-and-sustainability%2F%3Futm_medium%3Dsocial%26utm_source%3Dfacebook%26utm_campaign%3Djurist-2024-11-19-264482" target=_blank data-directive=j-iframe-popup data-width=600 data-height=600 data-category=Navigation data-action="Social Media" data-label=Facebook> <span class=logo> <svg class=ui-icon width=32 height=32 viewBox="0 0 96 96"> <use xlink:href=/justatic/external/jurist/images/icons/share-sprite.svg#facebook></use> </svg> </span> </a></div></header><div class="body _no-margin-bottom _no-padding-bottom"><p>The 2024 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) <a href=https://www.apecperu.pe/2024/en/ >Leaders’ Summit</a>, hosted by Peru in Lima, where I go to law school, concluded last Saturday, November 16. It made progress on economic cooperation but revealed tensions over trade policies, environmental concerns, and the influence of China. The summit <a href=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/midagri/noticias/1059573-apec-peru-2024-peru-logra-importantes-acuerdos-historicos-para-impulsar-el-agro-y-el-ingreso-de-productos-a-mercados-internacionales>resulted</a> in agreements on trade, agriculture, and market access for Peruvian products, but challenges remained in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability.</p><p>Peru <a href=https://www.elperuano.pe/noticia/257926-apec-2024-alcanzo-importantes-consensos>achieved</a> agreements to expand access to international markets for agricultural exports and integrate environmental standards into trade agreements such as <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZpuw7kRgJ0">the inauguration of the Chancay Mega Port </a>聽north of Lima, the optimization of Peru’s standing trade agreement with China, and <a href=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mincetur/noticias/1058458-peru-y-hong-kong-suscriben-un-tratado-de-libre-comercio>the signing of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Hong Kong.</a> However, disagreements emerged over how to balance trade liberalization with climate action. While trade expansion was the focus, discussions on green trade mechanisms highlighted deep divides between developed and developing economies generally.</p><p>Peru鈥檚 role as host was vital due to its position at the crossroads of economic development and environmental protection. The country<a href=https://www.gob.pe/institucion/midagri/noticias/1059573-apec-peru-2024-peru-logra-importantes-acuerdos-historicos-para-impulsar-el-agro-y-el-ingreso-de-productos-a-mercados-internacionales> benefitted</a> from agreements that improved market access for its agricultural exports in key Asia-Pacific markets. Peru used APEC as a platform to promote sustainable practices in trade, aiming to reconcile economic growth with environmental safeguards.</p><p>On the global stage, Peru is navigating a broader geopolitical struggle. China鈥檚 influence in Latin America is <a href=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/bolivien/20442.pdf>growing</a>, with trade agreements and infrastructure projects raising concerns about over-dependence. Peru emphasized the importance of diversifying trade partners while ensuring that economic growth does not harm the environment, especially in the Amazon, where deforestation is a <a href=https://www.ucm.es/iuca/file/articulo_2_m-a_2021-1?ver>growing problem</a>.</p><p>From a legal perspective, the APEC 2024 summit represents a crucial moment for international trade law. The agreements on agricultural exports and market access are significant for Peru鈥檚 economy. However, the lack of binding climate commitments remains a critical issue.</p><p>A central topic at the meeting was the idea of a green trade framework, which would incorporate environmental standards into trade agreements. While developed nations like the United States and Japan supported this idea, China opposed it, fearing restrictions on its trade and industrial growth. This division shows the difficulty in reconciling economic growth with the need for climate action.</p><p>APEC’s challenge is to create legal frameworks that balance both economic integration and environmental accountability. Peru鈥檚 push to protect the Amazon and promote sustainable practices聽 while expanding trade demonstrates the complexity of this issue. Sustainable trade is not an easy task, but it is necessary for long-term global stability.</p><p>Peru鈥檚 leadership at the summit is commendable. However, the China-funded <a href=https://www.aiddata.org/blog/chancay-port-opens-as-chinas-gateway-to-south-america>Chancay Mega Port project</a> illustrates the ongoing tensions between economic development and environmental preservation. While the port promises significant economic benefits, concerns about its environmental impact, particularly on the local ecosystem, are growing.</p><p>APEC 2024 had the potential to be a turning point in integrating environmental sustainability into trade policy. While the agreements were important, they fell short of what is needed to tackle the climate crisis. If APEC members do not commit to binding climate actions, the region risks failing to lead in the fight against global warming.</p><p>For Peru, the challenge is clear: advance sustainable growth without compromising environmental health. The summit showed that while there is momentum toward trade cooperation, climate action must be central to that vision. The frameworks discussed at APEC were a step in the right direction, but they need to evolve into enforceable agreements that drive real change.</p><p>If APEC nations do not align their trade policies with environmental sustainability, the region risks falling behind in the global fight against climate change. The world will be watching closely to see if APEC can deliver on its promises of a green future.</p><div class="ui-box _bg-gallery">Opinions expressed in JURIST Dispatches are solely those of our correspondents in the field and do not necessarily reflect the views of JURIST's editors, staff, donors or the University of Pittsburgh.</div></div></div></article></div></section><aside class=sidebar-column><div class=graphic> <a href=/apply/ ><img src=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/assets/law-students-to-join-jurist.png alt="Law students to join jurist" class=_no-margin-top></a></div><div class="widget subscribe-form"> <strong class="ui-heading1 title _color-accent"> GET OUR DAILY DIGEST </strong><div class=wrapper><form action="https://jurist.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=a66d508c4e202ea7eeb361410&id=63e224c141" method=post id=mc-embedded-subscribe-form name=mc-embedded-subscribe-form class="ui-form validate" target=_blank novalidate><div class=ui-field> <label for=mce-EMAIL class=screen-reader-text>Email Address</label> <input type=email id=mce-EMAIL placeholder="Email Address" value name=EMAIL aria-label="Email Address"></div><div style="position: absolute; 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Crane | Founding Chief Prosecutor of the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone</a></div></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/school-book-bans-undermine-democratic-values-in-us-education/ title="Permalink to School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education"> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/11/school_library_1732288454.jpg alt="School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education"> </a></div><div class=content><div class=excerpt><p><a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2024/11/school-book-bans-undermine-democratic-values-in-us-education/ title="Permalink to School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education">School Book Bans Undermine Democratic Values in US Education</a></p> by <a href=https://www.jurist.org/commentary/tag/author-prof-amrit-singh-stanford-law-school-and-trey-walk-human-rights-watch> Prof. Amrit Singh | Stanford Law School and Trey Walk | Human Rights Watch</a></div></div></article></div></div><div class="widget latest-news"> <strong class="ui-heading3 title"> <a class=_color-accent href=/features/ >Latest FEATURES</a> </strong><div class=wrapper><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/features/2024/11/25/25-years-on-assessing-progress-on-international-day-for-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women/ title="Permalink to 25 Years On: Assessing Progress on International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women"> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/features/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/11/1024px-Stop-feminicide-2.jpg alt="25 Years On: Assessing Progress on International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women"> </a></div><div class=content><div class=excerpt><p><a href=https://www.jurist.org/features/2024/11/25/25-years-on-assessing-progress-on-international-day-for-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women/ title="Permalink to 25 Years On: Assessing Progress on International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women">25 Years On: Assessing Progress on International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women</a></p></div></div></article><article class=blog-post><div class="graphic "> <a href=https://www.jurist.org/features/2024/11/22/trial-date-set-for-congolese-warlord-implications-for-accountability-in-the-drc/ title="Permalink to Trial Date Set for Congolese Warlord: Implications for Accountability in the DRC"> <img src=https://www.jurist.org/features/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2024/11/IMG_2506.jpeg alt="Trial Date Set for Congolese Warlord: Implications for Accountability in the DRC"> </a></div><div class=content><div class=excerpt><p><a href=https://www.jurist.org/features/2024/11/22/trial-date-set-for-congolese-warlord-implications-for-accountability-in-the-drc/ title="Permalink to Trial Date Set for Congolese Warlord: Implications for Accountability in the DRC">Trial Date Set for Congolese Warlord: Implications for Accountability in the DRC</a></p></div></div></article></div></div> <script src=https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js></script> <script language=javascript>/* Register the user in an AJAX transaction to avoid load-lag from the IP query server. */ $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "/latestreaders.php", data: {register: "true"} }) .done(function (msg) { });</script> </aside></div></div><div class="widget latest-news -footer-news"> <strong class="ui-heading3 title _color-accent">THIS DAY @ LAW</strong> <div class="wrapper"><article class="blog-post"> <div class="content"><div class="thisday-title _color-accent"> <p>Pope Urban II sparks First Crusade</p> </div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Pope Urban II threw his support behind what would become the First Crusade on November 27, 1095 during the Council of Clairmont. The Pope urged the council's participants to render aid to the Byzantine Empire, which was being attacked by the Seljuks. Pope Urban called for a wide coalition of rich and poor to combat the threat, which eventually resulted in the conquest of much of the Muslim-controlled Levant by the Crusaders and the establishment of the Crusader States. <a href="https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/readings/urban.html">Read</a> Pope Urban's address. </p> </div></div> </article><article class="blog-post"> <div class="content"><div class="thisday-title _color-accent"> <p>Catholic Code of Canon Law revised</p> </div><div class="excerpt"> <p>On November 27, 1983, the revised <a href="http://www.intratext.com/X/ENG0017.htm">Code of Canon Law</a> of the Roman Catholic Church went into effect. Learn more about the history of Canon Law from <a href="http://legalhistorysources.com/Canon%20Law/PenningtonShortHistoryCanonLaw.pdf">Professor Kenneth Pennington</a> of the Catholic University of America's Columbus School of Law.</p> </div></div> </article><article class="blog-post"> <div class="content"><div class="thisday-title _color-accent"> <p>Alfred Nobel creates Nobel Prize in his will</p> </div><div class="excerpt"> <p>On November 27, 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his will, creating the <a href="http://nobelprize.org/">Nobel Prize</a>. <a href="http://nobelprize.org/nobelfoundation/history/">Learn more</a> about the history of the Nobel Prize and the Nobel Commission.</p> </div></div> </article> </div> </div><div class=footer id=footer><div class="wrapper _ffamily-sans-serif"><div class="footerlinks wrapper sides-margin"><div class=wrapper><div class=footer-logo> <a class=wrapper href=/ title=Jurist> <img alt=Jurist class=logo src=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/images/jurist/logos/jurist-footer.svg> </a></div><div class=footer-nav><div class=links data-gtm-children="Footer Navigation"> <a href=/ ><span>Home</span></a> <a href=/attributions/ ><span>Attributions</span></a> <a href=/disclaimer/ ><span>Disclaimer</span></a> <a href=/privacy-policy/ ><span>Privacy Policy</span></a> <a href=/contact/ ><span>Contact Us</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="footer-copyright sides-margin"><div class=wrapper><div class=copyright data-gtm-children="Footer Copyright"> Copyright 漏 2024, JURIST Legal News & Research Services, Inc. <br>JURISTnews is a collaboration with the University of Pittsburgh</div></div></div></div></div> <script src=https://justatic.com/v/20240611a/external/jurist/js/core.js></script> </body></html><!-- Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. 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