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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Serbia+in+the+Roman+era%22">"Serbia in the Roman era"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Serbia+in+the+Roman+era%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Serbia+in+the+Roman+era%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Serbia+in+the+Roman+era%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Serbia+in+the+Roman+era%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Serbia+in+the+Roman+era%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gamzigrad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Gamzigrad.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="209" /></a><figcaption>Roman Mosaic in <a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Felix Romuliana</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Zajecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Zajecar">Zajecar</a>, 289 AD.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg/250px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg/375px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg/500px-%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_04%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Felix Romuliana</a>, 3rd century, <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medijana_mozaik.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Medijana_mozaik.jpg/250px-Medijana_mozaik.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Medijana_mozaik.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mediana" title="Mediana">Mediana</a>, birthplace of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Constantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Constantine">Emperor Constantine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG/250px-Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG/375px-Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG/500px-Viminacium_kostolac_pozarevac3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Remains of <a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a>, 1st century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG/250px-Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG/375px-Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG/500px-Carska_palata_Sirmijum1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>Remnants of ancient <a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a>, one of the capitals of the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diana_Fortress,_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars,_Moesia_Superior,_Serbia_(41533693154).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Diana_Fortress%2C_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars%2C_Moesia_Superior%2C_Serbia_%2841533693154%29.jpg/250px-Diana_Fortress%2C_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars%2C_Moesia_Superior%2C_Serbia_%2841533693154%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Diana_Fortress%2C_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars%2C_Moesia_Superior%2C_Serbia_%2841533693154%29.jpg/375px-Diana_Fortress%2C_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars%2C_Moesia_Superior%2C_Serbia_%2841533693154%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Diana_Fortress%2C_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars%2C_Moesia_Superior%2C_Serbia_%2841533693154%29.jpg/500px-Diana_Fortress%2C_built_in_100_AD_during_Trajan%27s_preparations_for_the_Dacian_wars%2C_Moesia_Superior%2C_Serbia_%2841533693154%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Remains of <a href="/wiki/Diana_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Diana Fortress">Diana Fortress</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kladovo" title="Kladovo">Kladovo</a>, 1-2nd century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg/250px-Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg/375px-Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg/500px-Trajans_Marker_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2810" data-file-height="2403" /></a><figcaption>Remains of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Trajan" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Trajan">Emperor Trajan</a>'s route along the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg/250px-Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg/375px-Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg/500px-Turnu_Severin_Drobeta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of <a href="/wiki/Trajan%27s_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Trajan's bridge">Trajan's bridge</a>, the ancient world's largest bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg/250px-Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg/375px-Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg/500px-Wiki_%C5%A0umadija_X_Rimske_terme_u_%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dku_194.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Remains of <i><a href="/wiki/Thermae" title="Thermae">thermae</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Ca%C4%8Dak" title="Čačak">Čačak</a>, 3rd century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG/250px-%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG/375px-%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG/500px-%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Late Roman site in <a href="/wiki/Justiniana_Prima" title="Justiniana Prima">Justiniana Prima</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Lebane" title="Lebane">Lebane</a>, 6th century</figcaption></figure> <p>Much of the territory of the modern state of <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> was part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> and later the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>. In particular, the region of <a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a> was under Roman rule for about 800 years (with interruptions), starting from the 1st century BC, interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balkans" title="History of the Balkans">arrival of the Slavs into the Balkans</a> during the 6th century, but continued after fall of the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> in the early 11th century and permanently ended with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Bulgarian_Empire" title="Second Bulgarian Empire">Second Bulgarian Empire</a> in the late 12th century. The territories were administratively divided into the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Moesia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Superior">Moesia Superior</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Dardani#Roman_Dardania" title="Dardani">Dardania</a>. Moesia Superior roughly corresponds to modern <a href="/wiki/Serbia_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbia proper">Serbia proper</a>; Pannonia Inferior included the eastern part of Serbia proper; Dardania included the western part of Serbia proper. After its reconquest from the Bulgarians by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Basil_II" title="Basil II">Basil II</a> in 1018, it was reorganized into the <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(theme)" title="Bulgaria (theme)">Theme of Bulgaria</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Danube_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Danube River">Danube River</a> influenced the extension of the Roman Empire; its confluents, such as Sava and Morava, affected the growth of frontier fortresses and towns. Many authors and explorers<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (November 2019)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup> wrote about traces of the Roman Empire on the Danube coast. One of the localities, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Romuliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Romuliana">Felix Romuliana</a>, was ranked on the list of cultural heritage of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in July 2007. </p><p>The location has been invaded by many peoples over the centuries. The northern Serbian city of <a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a> (<i>Sremska Mitrovica</i>) was among the top 4 cities of the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, serving as its capital during the <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">Tetrarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrić-2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrić-2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Serbia comprises the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_conquest">Roman conquest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Roman conquest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> conquered the region of <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a> in 168 BC in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Illyrian Wars">Illyrian Wars</a>. "Illyria" was a designation of a roughly defined region of the western Balkans as seen from a Roman perspective, just as <a href="/wiki/Magna_Germania" class="mw-redirect" title="Magna Germania">Magna Germania</a> is a rough geographic term not delineated by any linguistic or ethnic unity. </p><p>The later province of <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a> was to the west of what is now Serbia. </p><p>The Romans conquered parts of Serbia in 167 BC and established the province of Illyricum. What is now central Serbia was conquered in 75 BC when the province of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> was established. Srem is conquered by 9 BC and Backa and Banat in 106 AD after the Dacian wars. </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a> (<i>Sremska Mitrovica</i>) was among the top four cities of the late <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, serving as its capital during the <a href="/wiki/Tetrarchy" title="Tetrarchy">Tetrarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Andrić-2002_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrić-2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contemporary Serbia comprises the <a href="/wiki/Classical_Greece" title="Classical Greece">classical</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. </p><p>The chief towns of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Moesia">Upper Moesia</a> in the Principate were: <a href="/wiki/Naissus" class="mw-redirect" title="Naissus">Naissus</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a>), <a href="/wiki/Viminacium" title="Viminacium">Viminacium</a> (sometimes called municipium Aelium; modern <a href="/wiki/Kostolac" title="Kostolac">Kostolac</a>), <a href="/wiki/Singidunum" title="Singidunum">Singidunum</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>), Remesiana (modern <a href="/wiki/Bela_Palanka" title="Bela Palanka">Bela Palanka</a>) </p><p>Many Roman noblemen and statesmen were born in present-day Serbia, including 17 or 18 <a href="/wiki/Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Emperor">Roman Emperors</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a> wasn't universally recognized as an emperor, but was proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/Caesar_(title)" title="Caesar (title)">caesar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Emperor</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Roman</a><br />birthplace</th> <th>Present-day<br />settlement in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></th> <th>ruled</th> <th>died </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. <a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Trajan Decius</a></td> <td>c.201, <a href="/wiki/Budalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Budalia">Budalia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martinci" title="Martinci">Martinci</a></td> <td>September 249-June 251</td> <td>June 251, Abrittus<br />(<a href="/wiki/Razgrad" title="Razgrad">Razgrad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. <a href="/wiki/Herennius_Etruscus" title="Herennius Etruscus">Herennius Etruscus</a></td> <td>c.227, near Sirmium<br /><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sremska_Mitrovica" title="Sremska Mitrovica">Sremska Mitrovica</a></td> <td>May-June 251</td> <td>June 251, Abrittus<br />(Razgrad, Bulgaria) </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. <a href="/wiki/Hostilian" title="Hostilian">Hostilian</a></td> <td>c.235, Sirmium<br /><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>July-November 251</td> <td>November 251, Rome<br />(<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. <a href="/wiki/Claudius_II_Gothicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Claudius II Gothicus">Claudius II Gothicus</a></td> <td>10 May 210, Sirmium<br />Panonia Inferior</td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>September 268-January 270</td> <td>January 270, Sirmium </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. <a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></td> <td>9 September 214, Sirmium<br /><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>September 270-October 275</td> <td>October 275, Caenophrurium<br />(<a href="/wiki/%C3%87orlu" title="Çorlu">Çorlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius_Probus" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcus Aurelius Probus">Marcus Aurelius Probus</a></td> <td>19 August 232, Sirmium<br />Pannonia Inferior</td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>276-October 282</td> <td>October 282, Sirmium </td></tr> <tr> <td>7. <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></td> <td>c.250, Sirmium<br />Pannonia Inferior</td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>2 April 286-1 May 305; 306-11 November 308; 310</td> <td>July 310, Massilia<br />(<a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. <a href="/wiki/Constantius_I_Chlorus" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantius I Chlorus">Constantius I Chlorus</a></td> <td>31 March 250, <a href="/wiki/Naissus" class="mw-redirect" title="Naissus">Naissus</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Moesia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Superior">Moesia Superior</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a></td> <td>305-25 July 306</td> <td>25 July 306, Eboracum<br />(<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. <a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></td> <td>c.250, <a href="/wiki/Felix_Romuliana" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Romuliana">Felix Romuliana</a><br />Dacia Ripensis</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gamzigrad" title="Gamzigrad">Gamzigrad</a><sup id="cite_ref-Barnes,_New_Empire,_p._37_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnes,_New_Empire,_p._37-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>1 May 305-May 311</td> <td>May 311, Felix Romuliana </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. <a href="/wiki/Valerius_Severus" class="mw-redirect" title="Valerius Severus">Valerius Severus</a></td> <td>Naissus<br />Moesia Superior</td> <td>Niš</td> <td>306-April 307</td> <td>16 September 307, Tres Tabernae<br />(<a href="/wiki/Cisterna_di_Latina" title="Cisterna di Latina">Cisterna di Latina</a>, Italy) </td></tr> <tr> <td>11. <a href="/wiki/Licinius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Licinius I">Licinius I</a></td> <td>c.263, Felix Romuliana<br />Moesia Superior</td> <td>Gamzigrad</td> <td>11 November 308-18 September 324</td> <td>325, <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td>12. <a href="/wiki/Constantine_I_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantine I the Great">Constantine I the Great</a></td> <td>27 February 272, Naissus<br />Moesia Superior</td> <td>Niš</td> <td>309-22 May 337</td> <td>22 May 337, <a href="/wiki/Nicomedia" title="Nicomedia">Nicomedia</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmit" title="İzmit">İzmit</a>, Turkey) </td></tr> <tr> <td>13. <a href="/wiki/Maximinus_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximinus II">Maximinus II</a></td> <td>20 November 270, Felix Romuliana<br />Dacia Ripensis</td> <td>Gamzigrad</td> <td>310-May 313</td> <td>August 313, Tarsos<br />(<a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, Turkey) </td></tr> <tr> <td>14. <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a></td> <td>7 August 317, Sirmium<br />Pannonia Inferior</td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>337-3 November 361</td> <td>3 November 361, <a href="/wiki/Mopsuestia" title="Mopsuestia">Mopsuestia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cilicia" title="Cilicia">Cilicia</a><br />(Turkey) </td></tr> <tr> <td>15. <a href="/wiki/Vetranio" title="Vetranio">Vetranio</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></td> <td>Central Serbia ?</td> <td>1 March-25 December 350</td> <td>c356, Prusa ad Olympum<br />(<a href="/wiki/Bursa" title="Bursa">Bursa</a>, Turkey) </td></tr> <tr> <td>16. <a href="/wiki/Jovian_(emperor)" title="Jovian (emperor)">Jovian</a></td> <td>331, <a href="/wiki/Singidunum" title="Singidunum">Singidunum</a><br />Moesia</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></td> <td>27 June 363-17 February 364</td> <td>17 February 364, Dadastana, near <a href="/wiki/Nicaea" title="Nicaea">Nicaea</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%C4%B0znik" title="İznik">İznik</a>, Turkey) </td></tr> <tr> <td>17. <a href="/wiki/Gratian" title="Gratian">Gratian</a></td> <td>18 April 359, Sirmium<br />Pannonia Inferior</td> <td>Sremska Mitrovica</td> <td>24 August 367-25 August 383</td> <td>25 August 383, <a href="/wiki/Lugdunum" title="Lugdunum">Lugdunum</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, France) </td></tr> <tr> <td>18. <a href="/wiki/Constantius_III" title="Constantius III">Constantius III</a></td> <td>Naissus<br />Moesia Superior</td> <td>Niš</td> <td>8 February-2 September 421</td> <td>2 September 421, <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a><br />(Italy) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Byzantine period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Ras" title="Catepanate of Ras">Catepanate of Ras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Sirmium">Theme of Sirmium</a></div> <p>The Byzantine era in the history Serbia refers to three distinctive periods. The territory of later Serbia was under control of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a> up to the beginning of the 7th century. During that period, emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> (527–565) oversaw reinforcement of defensive structures in the region, and founded the city of <a href="/wiki/Justiniana_Prima" title="Justiniana Prima">Justiniana Prima</a>, today a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage of Serbia">Cultural Heritage of Serbia</a>-listed archeological site (<a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Sites_of_Exceptional_Importance_(Serbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)"><i>Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance</i></a>). In 535, the city became center of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Justiniana_Prima" title="Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima">Archbishopric of Justiniana Prima</a>, that had metropolitan jurisdiction over all provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a>. At the beginning of the 7th century, region was invaded by <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a>, thus ending the Byzantine rule. From that time, and up to the middle of the 10th century, the region was controlled by the newly created Slavic state - the early medieval <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia</a>. In 971–976, Byzantine rule was briefly restored, and <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Ras" title="Catepanate of Ras">Catepanate of Ras</a> was established, but it was short lived. Only after 1018, the territory of Serbia came under the Byzantine rule, and it was included into two <i>themata</i>: the Theme of Serbia and the <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Sirmium">Theme of Sirmium</a>, that existed until 1071.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arrival_of_the_Slavs">Arrival of the Slavs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Arrival of the Slavs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Slavic_migrations_to_Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe">Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe</a></div> <p>The Byzantines broadly grouped the numerous Slav tribes into two groups: the <a href="/wiki/Sklavenoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sklavenoi">Sklavenoi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antes_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antes (people)">Antes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently, the Sklavenoi group were based along the middle Danube, whereas the Antes were at the lower Danube, in <a href="/wiki/Scythia_Minor_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scythia Minor (Roman province)">Scythia Minor</a>. Some, such as Bulgarian scholar Zlatarsky, suggest that the first group settled the western Balkans, whilst offshoots of the Antes settled the eastern regions (roughly speaking).<sup id="cite_ref-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the Danube, they commenced raiding the Byzantine Empire from the 520s, on an annual basis. They spread about destruction, taking loot and herds of cattle, seizing prisoners and taking fortresses. Often, the Byzantine Empire was stretched defending its rich Asian provinces from Arabs, Persians and Turks. This meant that even numerically small, disorganised early Slavic raids were capable of causing much disruption, but could not capture the larger, fortified cities on the Aegean coast. </p><p>The Slavs invaded Balkans during <a href="/wiki/Justinian_I" title="Justinian I">Justinian I</a> rule (527–565), when eventually up to 100,000 Slavs raided <a href="/wiki/Thessalonica" class="mw-redirect" title="Thessalonica">Thessalonica</a>. The Western Balkans was settled with <i><a href="/wiki/Sclaveni" title="Sclaveni">Sclaveni</a></i> (Sklavenoi), the east with <a href="/wiki/Antes_people" title="Antes people">Antes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Sklavenoi plundered Thrace in 545.<sup id="cite_ref-rastko.rs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rastko.rs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 551, the Slavs crossed <a href="/wiki/Ni%C5%A1" title="Niš">Niš</a> initially headed for Thessalonica, but ended up in <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>. During the 6th and 7th century, Slavic tribes made eight attempts to take Niš and in the final attack in 615 the Slavs took the city.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Menander_Protector" title="Menander Protector">Menander Protector</a> mentions a King of the Sklavenoi, <a href="/wiki/Daurentius" title="Daurentius">Daurentius</a> (577-579) that slayed an Avar envoy of Khagan <a href="/wiki/Bayan_I" title="Bayan I">Bayan I</a>. The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs [...] so it shall always be for us".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 577 some 100,000 Slavs poured into <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a>, pillaging cities and settling down.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 580s, as the Slav communities on the Danube became larger and more organised, and as the Avars exerted their influence, raids became larger and resulted in permanent settlement. In 586 AD, as many as 100,000 Slav warriors raided Thessaloniki. By 581, many Slavic tribes had settled the land around Thessaloniki, though never taking the city itself, creating a <i>Macedonian Sclavinia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As John of Ephesus tells us in 581: "the accursed people of the Slavs set out and plundered all of Greece, the regions surrounding Thessalonica, and Thrace, taking many towns and castles, laying waste, burning, pillaging, and seizing the whole country." However, John exaggerated the intensity of the Slavic incursions since he was influenced by his confinement in Constantinople from 571 up until 579.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, he perceived the Slavs as God's instrument for punishing the persecutors of the <a href="/wiki/Monophysites" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophysites">Monophysites</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 586, they managed to raid the western <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Attica" title="Attica">Attica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, leaving only the east part of Peloponnese, which was mountainous and inaccessible. In <a href="/wiki/Maurice%27s_Balkan_campaigns" title="Maurice's Balkan campaigns">Maurice's Balkan campaigns</a>, the final attempt to restore the northern border was from 591 to 605, when the end of conflicts with Persia allowed Emperor Maurice to transfer units to the north. However he was deposed after a military revolt in 602, and the Danubian frontier collapsed one and a half decades later. </p><p>Archaeological evidence in Serbia and Macedonia conclude that the White Serbs may have reached the Balkans earlier than thought, between 550 and 600, as much findings; fibulae and pottery found at Roman forts point at Serb characteristics and thus could have been either part of the Byzantine <i>foedorati</i> or a fraction of the early invading Slavs who upon organizing in their refuge of the <a href="/wiki/Dinarides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinarides">Dinarides</a>, formed the ethnogenesis of Serbs and were pardoned by the Byzantine Empire after acknowledging their suzerainty.<sup id="cite_ref-rastko.rs_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rastko.rs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_units">Administrative units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Administrative units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moesia">Moesia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Moesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Serbia" title="Category:History of Serbia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia" title="History of Serbia">History of <span class="fn org label">Serbia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Balkans, Byzantine Empire and Anatolia, 1355. -- Velhagen & Klasing atlas of history, Berlin 1931 (english version)"><img alt="Map of Balkans, Byzantine Empire and Anatolia, 1355. -- Velhagen & Klasing atlas of history, Berlin 1931 (english version)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/230px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/345px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg/460px-Byzantine_Empire_1355.jpg 2x" data-file-width="743" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Centuries_in_Serbia" title="Category:Centuries in Serbia">By century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9th_century_in_Serbia" title="9th century in Serbia">9th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_century_in_Serbia" title="10th century in Serbia">10th</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Paleolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Mesolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Mesolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Neolithic" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Bronze_Age" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Iron_Age" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Iron Age</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_sites_in_Serbia#Ancient_tribes" title="Prehistoric sites in Serbia">Pre-Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autariatae" title="Autariatae">Autariatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triballi" title="Triballi">Triballi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scordisci" title="Scordisci">Scordisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacians</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Early Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illyricum_(Roman_province)" title="Illyricum (Roman province)">Illyricum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatia_(Roman_province)" title="Dalmatia (Roman province)">Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Late Roman</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia Prima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Mediterranea" title="Dacia Mediterranea">Dacia Mediterranea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Secunda" title="Pannonia Secunda">Pannonia Secunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Moesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Moesia">Diocese of Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Dacia" title="Diocese of Dacia">Diocese of Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Pannonia" title="Diocese of Pannonia">Diocese of Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praetorian_prefecture_of_Illyricum" title="Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum">Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages#Early_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/White_Serbia" title="White Serbia">White Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> around 600 AD</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality of Serbia</a> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; font-size:95%; padding-left:1em"><a href="/wiki/Duklja" title="Duklja">Duklja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ra%C5%A1ka_(region)" title="Raška (region)">Raška</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(Early_Middle_Ages)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bosnia (Early Middle Ages)">Bosnia</a></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 7th–10th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Ras" title="Catepanate of Ras">Catepanate of Ras</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> around 969–976</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages#High_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Vojislavljevi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Vojislavljević dynasty">Duklja (Zeta)</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 11th–12th century</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Sirmium" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Sirmium">Theme of Sirmium</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1018–1071</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Grand_Principality" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Grand Principality">Grand Principality</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1071–1217</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1217–1346</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Realm_of_Stefan_Dragutin" title="Realm of Stefan Dragutin">King Dragutin's realm</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1282–1325</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_the_Serbian_Empire" title="Fall of the Serbian Empire">Fall</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1346–1371</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Prilep" title="Lordship of Prilep">Lordship of Prilep</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1395</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Prince Lazar's Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1402</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/District_of_Brankovi%C4%87" title="District of Branković">Vuk's Land</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1371–1412</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1402–1537</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_history_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern history of Serbia">Early Modern</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman-ruled Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1459–1804</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Nenad" title="Jovan Nenad">Jovan Nenad</a> / <a href="/wiki/Radoslav_%C4%8Celnik" title="Radoslav Čelnik">Radoslav Čelnik</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1526–1530</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Banate_of_Lugoj_and_Caransebe%C8%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș">Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 16th–17th</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Habsburg-occupied_Serbia_(1686%E2%80%931691)" title="Habsburg-occupied Serbia (1686–1691)">Habsburg occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1686–1699</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Great_Serb_Migrations" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Serb Migrations">Great Serb Migrations</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1690 and<br />1737–1739</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1702–1882</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%931739)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)">Habsburg-ruled Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1718–1739</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C4%8Da%27s_frontier" class="mw-redirect" title="Koča's frontier">Koča's frontier</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1788–1791</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">Serbia 1804–1918</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1804–1815</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1815–1882</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Vojvodina" title="Serbian Vojvodina">Serbian Vojvodina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1848–1849</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Serbia and Banat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1849–1860</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1882–1918</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">Serbia since 1918</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1918–1941<br /></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">Axis occupation</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1941–1944</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Serbia" title="Socialist Republic of Serbia">Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1944–1992</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1992%E2%80%932006)" title="Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)">Constituent state with Montenegro</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1992–2006</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;padding-right:1em"> <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Republic of Serbia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2006–<small>present</small></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Serbia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Serbia" title="Template:History of Serbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Serbia" title="Template talk:History of Serbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Serbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Serbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moesia_Superior" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesia Superior">Moesia Superior</a></div> <p>In ancient geographical sources, Moesia was bounded to the south by the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan mountain">Balkans</a> (<i>Haemus</i>) and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ar_mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Šar mountain">Šar mountain</a> (<i>Scardus</i>, <i>Scordus</i>, <i>Scodrus</i>) mountains, to the west by the <a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a> river (<i>Drinus</i>), on the north by the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> and on the east by the <a href="/wiki/Euxine" class="mw-redirect" title="Euxine">Euxine</a> (Black Sea). The region was inhabited chiefly by <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Dacian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrian</a> peoples. </p><p>The region took its name from the <a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a>, a Thraco-Dacian tribe that lived there before the Roman conquest 75 BC-c. 29 BC and formally became a <a href="/wiki/Roman_province" title="Roman province">Roman province</a> of that name some years later (by 6 AD). </p><p>Cities and towns, in Moesia Superior (at times Macedonia/ Dardania): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulpiana" title="Ulpiana">Ulpiana</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (modern <a href="/wiki/Lipljan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipljan">Lipljan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipium_Dardanicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipium Dardanicum">Municipium Dardanicum</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardapara" title="Dardapara">Dardapara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naissus" class="mw-redirect" title="Naissus">Naissus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (modern Nis, <a href="/wiki/Nysus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nysus">Nysus</a> in the Byzantine era)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theranda" class="mw-redirect" title="Theranda">Theranda</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (modern <a href="/wiki/Prizren" title="Prizren">Prizren</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicianum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicianum">Vicianum</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Ditrn" class="mw-redirect" title="Vučitrn">Vučitrn</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindenis" class="mw-redirect" title="Vindenis">Vindenis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Velanis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Velanis (page does not exist)">Velanis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pannonia">Pannonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pannonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pannonia_Inferior" title="Pannonia Inferior">Pannonia Inferior</a></div> <p>The cities and towns in Pannonia, located in modern Serbia, were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acumincum" title="Acumincum">Acumincum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stari_Slankamen" title="Stari Slankamen">Stari Slankamen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassianae" title="Bassianae">Bassianae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donji_Petrovci" title="Donji Petrovci">Donji Petrovci</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bano%C5%A1tor" title="Banoštor">Bononia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bano%C5%A1tor" title="Banoštor">Banoštor</a>)</li> <li>Burgenae (<a href="/wiki/Novi_Banovci" title="Novi Banovci">Novi Banovci</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusum_(Pannonia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusum (Pannonia)">Cusum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Petrovaradin" title="Petrovaradin">Petrovaradin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rittium" class="mw-redirect" title="Rittium">Rittium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Surduk" title="Surduk">Surduk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singidunum" title="Singidunum">Singidunum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Beograd">Beograd</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmium" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sremska_Mitrovica" title="Sremska Mitrovica">Sremska Mitrovica</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurunum" class="mw-redirect" title="Taurunum">Taurunum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemun" title="Zemun">Zemun</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultures_and_tribes">Cultures and tribes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Cultures and tribes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Serbia_in_the_Roman_era" title="Special:EditPage/Serbia in the Roman era">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ffdead;" colspan="5">Tribes in Roman Serbia </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ffdead;">Name<br /><small>(Group)</small> </th> <th style="background:#ffdead;">Time </th> <th style="background:#ffdead;">Territory </th> <th style="background:#ffdead;">Notes </th> <th style="background:#ffdead;">Sites </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><small>See <i><b><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Serbia">Ancient Serbia</a></b></i> for tribes inhabiting the territory of Serbia before 75 BC</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moesi" title="Moesi">Moesi</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Dacians" title="Dacians">Daco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a>)</small></td> <td>87 AD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Crassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Crassus">Crassus</a> defeated them in the 29 BC, during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Augustus" title="Wars of Augustus">Wars of Augustus</a>. They are eponymous to <a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Triballi" title="Triballi">Triballi</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a>)</small></td> <td>87 AD</td> <td>Central Serbia</td> <td>mentioned first in 424 BC. They fought the Macedonians throughout the 5th and 4th century BC. They are last mentioned in 3rd century AD. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Timachi" title="Timachi">Timachi</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracian</a>)</small></td> <td>87 AD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Timok_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timok (river)">Timok</a></td> <td>a Romanized Thracian tribe. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tricornenses" title="Tricornenses">Tricornenses</a><br /><small>(Thraco-Celtic)</small></td> <td>6 AD</td> <td></td> <td>a Romanized Thraco-Celtic tribe that governed the city of Tricornium (Ritopek)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ritopek" title="Ritopek">Ritopek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Picenses&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Picenses (page does not exist)">Picenses</a><br /><small>(Unknown)</small></td> <td>6 AD</td> <td></td> <td>governed Pincum (Veliko Gradište) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iazyges" title="Iazyges">Iazyges</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatians</a>)</small></td> <td>92 AD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ba%C4%8Dka" title="Bačka">Bačka</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a></td> <td>Penetrated northern Rome in late 1st century AD.</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Gothic</a>)</small></td> <td>375 AD</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a></td> <td>a Gothic tribe in <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Latin_place_names_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greek and Latin place names in Serbia">List of Greek and Latin place names in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyro-Roman" title="Illyro-Roman">Illyro-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thraco-Roman" title="Thraco-Roman">Thraco-Roman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Andrić-2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Andrić-2002_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Andrić-2002_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAndrić2002" class="citation journal cs1">Andrić, Stanko (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=14662">"Southern Pannonia during the age of the Great Migrations"</a>. <i>Scrinia Slavonica</i>. <b>2</b> (1). Slavonski Brod, Croatia: Croatian Historical Institute - Department of History of Slavonia, Srijem and Baranja. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1332-4853">1332-4853</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scrinia+Slavonica&rft.atitle=Southern+Pannonia+during+the+age+of+the+Great+Migrations&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2002-10&rft.issn=1332-4853&rft.aulast=Andri%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Stanko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D14662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.arheo-amateri.rs/2012/03/17-rimskih-imperatora-rodenih-u-srbiji/">http://www.arheo-amateri.rs/2012/03/17-rimskih-imperatora-rodenih-u-srbiji/</a> Listing provided by the archeological association of Serbia. Information also verifiable on the Emperors' wikipedia pages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnica_Nikolić2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anica Nikolić (26 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/40537/Ekonomija/Profit-na-drumovima-rimskih-imperatora">"Profit na drumovima rimskih imperatora"</a> [Profit on the roads of Roman emperors]. <i><a href="/wiki/Politika" title="Politika">Politika</a></i> (in Serbian). p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politika&rft.atitle=Profit+na+drumovima+rimskih+imperatora&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2008-04-26&rft.au=Anica+Nikoli%C4%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politika.rs%2Fsr%2Fclanak%2F40537%2FEkonomija%2FProfit-na-drumovima-rimskih-imperatora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes,_New_Empire,_p._37-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes,_New_Empire,_p._37_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes, <i>New Empire</i>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hupchick,_Dennis_P._2004_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hupchick, Dennis P. <i>The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism.</i> Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4039-6417-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4039-6417-3">1-4039-6417-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rastko.rs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rastko.rs_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rastko.rs_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/delo/13047">"Пројекат Растко: Đorđe Janković : The Slavs in the 6th century North Illyricum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%3A+%C4%90or%C4%91e+Jankovi%C4%87+%3A+The+Slavs+in+the+6th+century+North+Illyricum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Farheologija%2Fdelo%2F13047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BG III 40<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curta (2001), pp. 91–92, 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wDIJNvWb48YC">History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene (2008)</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cambridge Medieval Encyclopedia, Volume II.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curta, Florin. <i>The Making of the Slavs</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 48. "Beginning in 571, John spent eight years in prison. Most of Book VI, if not the entire third part of the <i>History</i>, was written during this period of confinement...John was no doubt influenced by the pessimistic atmosphere at Constantinople in the 580s to overstate the intensity of Slavic ravaging."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Curta, Florin. <i>The Making of the Slavs</i>. Cambridge University Press, 2001, p. 48. "On the other hand, God was on their side, for in John's eyes, they were God's instrument for punishing the persecutors of the Monophysites. This may also explain why John insists that, beginning with 581 (just ten years after Justin II started persecuting the Monophysites), the Slavs began occupying Roman territory..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Roman army as a community: including papers of a conference held at ... by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Keith_Goldsworthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrian Keith Goldsworthy">Adrian Keith Goldsworthy</a>, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-887829-34-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-887829-34-2">1-887829-34-2</a>, 1997, page 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-19807-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-19807-5">0-631-19807-5</a>, Page 258, "In the south the new city named municipium Dardanicum, was another 'mining town' connected with the local workings (Metalla Dardanica)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae ... by Fanula Papazoglu, 1978, page 198, "... the Peutinger Table marks 40 miles from Naissus, on the Naissus-founded by Auielian..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hauptstädte in Südosteuropa: Geschichte, Funktion, nationale Symbolkraft by Harald Heppner, page 134</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serbia_in_the_Roman_era&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulić2013" class="citation book cs1">Bulić, Dejan (2013). "The Fortifications of the Late Antiquity and the Early Byzantine Period on the Later Territory of the South-Slavic Principalities, and their re-occupation". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pLJCCwAAQBAJ"><i>The World of the Slavs: Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD)</i></a>. Belgrade: The Institute for History. pp. 137–234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788677431044" title="Special:BookSources/9788677431044"><bdi>9788677431044</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Fortifications+of+the+Late+Antiquity+and+the+Early+Byzantine+Period+on+the+Later+Territory+of+the+South-Slavic+Principalities%2C+and+their+re-occupation&rft.btitle=The+World+of+the+Slavs%3A+Studies+of+the+East%2C+West+and+South+Slavs%3A+Civitas%2C+Oppidas%2C+Villas+and+Archeological+Evidence+%287th+to+11th+Centuries+AD%29&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=137-234&rft.pub=The+Institute+for+History&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9788677431044&rft.aulast=Buli%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dejan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpLJCCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC"><i>The Serbs</i></a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405142915" title="Special:BookSources/9781405142915"><bdi>9781405142915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405142915&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/234031">"Limes and Cross: the Religious Dimension of the Sixth-century Danube Frontier of the Early Byzantine Empire"</a>. <i>Старинар</i>. <b>51</b>: 45–70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80&rft.atitle=Limes+and+Cross%3A+the+Religious+Dimension+of+the+Sixth-century+Danube+Frontier+of+the+Early+Byzantine+Empire&rft.volume=51&rft.pages=45-70&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F234031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rcFGhCVs0sYC"><i>The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c. 500–700</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139428880" title="Special:BookSources/9781139428880"><bdi>9781139428880</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+the+Slavs%3A+History+and+Archaeology+of+the+Lower+Danube+Region%2C+c.+500%E2%80%93700&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781139428880&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrcFGhCVs0sYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurta2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt"><i>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southeastern+Europe+in+the+Middle+Ages%2C+500%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Curta&rft.aufirst=Florin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsoutheasterneuro0000curt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiven2014" class="citation book cs1">Given, John (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xzOGoAEACAAJ"><i>The Fragmentary History of Priscus</i></a>. Merchantville, New Jersey: Evolution Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781935228141" title="Special:BookSources/9781935228141"><bdi>9781935228141</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fragmentary+History+of+Priscus&rft.place=Merchantville%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Evolution+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781935228141&rft.aulast=Given&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxzOGoAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanković2004" class="citation journal cs1">Janković, Đorđe (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.rs/arheologija/delo/13047">"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum"</a>. <i>Гласник Српског археолошког друштва</i>. <b>20</b>: 39–61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3+%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=The+Slavs+in+the+6th+Century+North+Illyricum&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=39-61&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Jankovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=%C4%90or%C4%91e&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.rs%2Farheologija%2Fdelo%2F13047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OTxhtAEACAAJ">"Singidunum"</a>. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i>. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1904. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Singidunum&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1904&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rft.aulast=Kazhdan&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOTxhtAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKazhdan1991" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kazhdan" title="Alexander Kazhdan">Kazhdan, Alexander</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OTxhtAEACAAJ">"Sirmium"</a>. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium</i>. Vol. 3. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1906. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-504652-6"><bdi>978-0-19-504652-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sirmium&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Byzantium&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1906&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-19-504652-6&rft.aulast=Kazhdan&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOTxhtAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuzmanovićMihajlović2015" class="citation journal cs1">Kuzmanović, Zorica; Mihajlović, Vladimir D. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/10452643">"Roman Emperors and Identity Constructions in Modern Serbia"</a>. <i>Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power</i>. <b>22</b> (4): 416–432.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Identities%3A+Global+Studies+in+Culture+and+Power&rft.atitle=Roman+Emperors+and+Identity+Constructions+in+Modern+Serbia&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=416-432&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Kuzmanovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Zorica&rft.au=Mihajlovi%C4%87%2C+Vladimir+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F10452643&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirković2017" class="citation book cs1">Mirković, Miroslava B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs/sadrzaj/2017/978-86-6065-375-0"><i>Sirmium: Its History from the First Century AD to 582 AD</i></a>. Novi Sad: Center for Historical Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sirmium%3A+Its+History+from+the+First+Century+AD+to+582+AD&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pub=Center+for+Historical+Research&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Mirkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Miroslava+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigitalna.ff.uns.ac.rs%2Fsadrzaj%2F2017%2F978-86-6065-375-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMócsy2014" class="citation book cs1">Mócsy, András (2014) [1974]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LP9RAwAAQBAJ"><i>Pannonia and Upper Moesia: A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire</i></a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317754251" title="Special:BookSources/9781317754251"><bdi>9781317754251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pannonia+and+Upper+Moesia%3A+A+History+of+the+Middle+Danube+Provinces+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317754251&rft.aulast=M%C3%B3csy&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A1s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLP9RAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrović2007" class="citation journal cs1">Petrović, Vladimir P. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balkaninstitut.com/pdf/izdanja/balcanica/Balcanica%20XXXVII%20(2006).pdf">"Pre-Roman and Roman Dardania: Historical and Geographical Considerations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Balcanica</i> (37). Balkanološki institut SANU: 7–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica&rft.atitle=Pre-Roman+and+Roman+Dardania%3A+Historical+and+Geographical+Considerations&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=7-23&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Petrovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balkaninstitut.com%2Fpdf%2Fizdanja%2Fbalcanica%2FBalcanica%2520XXXVII%2520%282006%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPopović1996" class="citation book cs1">Popović, Radomir V. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YwsQAQAAIAAJ"><i>Le Christianisme sur le sol de l'Illyricum oriental jusqu'à l'arrivée des Slaves</i></a>. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789607387103" title="Special:BookSources/9789607387103"><bdi>9789607387103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Christianisme+sur+le+sol+de+l%27Illyricum+oriental+jusqu%27%C3%A0+l%27arriv%C3%A9e+des+Slaves&rft.place=Thessaloniki&rft.pub=Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9789607387103&rft.aulast=Popovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Radomir+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYwsQAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurlej2016" class="citation book cs1">Turlej, Stanisław (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2yYDQAAQBAJ"><i>Justiniana Prima: An Underestimated Aspect of Justinian's Church Policy</i></a>. Krakow: Jagiellonian University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788323395560" title="Special:BookSources/9788323395560"><bdi>9788323395560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justiniana+Prima%3A+An+Underestimated+Aspect+of+Justinian%27s+Church+Policy&rft.place=Krakow&rft.pub=Jagiellonian+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9788323395560&rft.aulast=Turlej&rft.aufirst=Stanis%C5%82aw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2yYDQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitby1988" class="citation book cs1">Whitby, Michael (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xdxQAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Emperor Maurice and his Historian: Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan warfare</i></a>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822945-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-822945-2"><bdi>978-0-19-822945-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperor+Maurice+and+his+Historian%3A+Theophylact+Simocatta+on+Persian+and+Balkan+warfare&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-822945-2&rft.aulast=Whitby&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxdxQAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkes1969" class="citation book cs1">Wilkes, John J. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Uh7_RQAACAAJ"><i>History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire</i></a>. London, United Kingdom: Routledge and Kegan Paul.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Provinces+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.place=London%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Routledge+and+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUh7_RQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeiller1918" class="citation book cs1">Zeiller, Jacques (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0gYVqjo8joAC"><i>Les origines chrétiennes dans les provinces danubiennes de l'Empire romain</i></a>. Paris: E. De Boccard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+origines+chr%C3%A9tiennes+dans+les+provinces+danubiennes+de+l%27Empire+romain&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=E.+De+Boccard&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Zeiller&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0gYVqjo8joAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerbia+in+the+Roman+era" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Serbia in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia_(early_medieval)" title="Principality of Serbia (early medieval)">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Grand Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Serbia" title="Moravian Serbia">Moravian Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Despotate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Serbia" title="Ottoman Serbia">Ottoman period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(1718%E2%80%931739)" title="Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)">Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_modern_Serbia" title="History of modern Serbia">History of modern Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Revolution" title="Serbian Revolution">Serbian Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Serbia" title="Revolutionary Serbia">Revolutionary Serbia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Serbia_after_1918" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Serbia after 1918">Since 1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territory_of_the_Military_Commander_in_Serbia" title="Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia">German occupation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Nedić's regime</a></li></ul></li> <li><a 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of Serbia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_swamps_in_Serbia" title="List of swamps in Serbia">Swamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Serbia" title="Geology of Serbia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Serbia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flora of Serbia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Serbia" title="Fauna of Serbia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Serbia" title="List of islands of Serbia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Serbia" title="List of lakes of Serbia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Serbia" title="List of mountains in Serbia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfalls_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterfalls of Serbia">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Governance_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Governance of Serbia">Governance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Serbia" title="Administrative divisions of Serbia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Serbia" title="Constitution of Serbia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Serbia" title="Elections in Serbia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Serbia" title="Government of Serbia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Serbia" title="President of Serbia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Serbia" title="Prime Minister of Serbia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Serbia" title="Human rights in Serbia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Serbia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Serbia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Armed_Forces" title="Serbian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_General_Staff" title="Serbian General Staff">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Serbian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Serbian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Serbia)" title="National Assembly (Serbia)">National Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Serbia" title="President of the National Assembly of Serbia">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Serbia" title="Politics of Serbia">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Serbia" title="List of political parties in Serbia">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Serbia" title="Economy of Serbia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Serbia" title="Banking in Serbia">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Serbia" title="National Bank of Serbia">National Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_national_banks_of_Serbia_and_Yugoslavia" title="List of governors of national banks of Serbia and Yugoslavia">governors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_dinar" title="Serbian dinar">Dinar</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Serbia" title="Healthcare in Serbia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_Serbia" title="Insurance in Serbia">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Stock_Exchange" title="Belgrade Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Serbia" title="Taxation in Serbia">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Serbia" title="Agriculture in Serbia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Serbia" title="Automotive industry in Serbia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Serbia" title="List of companies of Serbia">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Serbia" title="Energy in Serbia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Forestry in Serbia">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Serbia" title="Tourism in Serbia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Serbia" title="Transport in Serbia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em;font-weight:normal;">Retail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Serbia" title="List of shopping malls in Serbia">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_Serbia" title="List of supermarket chains in Serbia">Supermarkets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Serbia" title="Category:Society of Serbia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Serbia" title="Crime in Serbia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in Serbia">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="People of Serbia">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Serbia" title="Culture of Serbia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Serbia" title="Architecture of Serbia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_art" title="Serbian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian clan">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_cuisine" title="Serbian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Serbia" title="Education in Serbia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Serbia">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_national_identity" title="Serbian national identity">Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Heritage_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural Heritage of Serbia">Heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Serbian inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_literature" title="Serbian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Serbia" title="Music of Serbia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Serbia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_names" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian names">Naming culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Serbia" title="Public holidays in Serbia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Serbia" title="National symbols of Serbia">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Serbia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Serbia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Serbia" title="Demographics of Serbia">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Serbia" title="Languages of Serbia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Serbia" title="List of people from Serbia">Notable people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_actors" title="List of Serbian actors">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_architects" title="List of Serbian architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Serbian inventions and discoveries">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_musicians" title="List of Serbian musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_sportspeople" title="List of Serbian sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Serbia" title="Christianity in Serbia">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch_of_the_Serbian_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Serbia">Roman Catholicism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Serbia" title="Protestantism in Serbia">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hinduism in Serbia">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Serbia" title="Islam in Serbia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Judaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Serbia" title="Sport in Serbia">Sport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Federations: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_Federation_of_Serbia" title="Basketball Federation of Serbia">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Federation_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Federation of Serbia">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball_Federation_of_Serbia" title="Handball Federation of Serbia">Handball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_League_of_Serbia" title="Basketball League of Serbia">Basketball superleague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Serbia" title="Football in Serbia">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_at_the_Olympics" title="Serbia at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Serbia" title="Outline of Serbia">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serbia" title="Category:Serbia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Serbia" title="Portal:Serbia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empire_in_modern_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roman_history_by_territory" title="Template:Roman history by territory"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roman_history_by_territory" title="Template talk:Roman history by territory"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roman_history_by_territory" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roman history by territory"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Roman_and_Byzantine_Empire_in_modern_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> in modern territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania#Greeks_and_Romans" title="History of Albania">Albania (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Albania_under_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="Albania under the Byzantine Empire">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauretania_Caesariensis" title="Mauretania Caesariensis">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra#Iberian_and_Roman_Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Armenia" title="Roman Armenia">Armenia (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Armenia" title="Byzantine Armenia">Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_influence_in_Caucasian_Albania" title="Roman influence in Caucasian Albania">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austria#Roman_era" title="History of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balkans#Roman_period" title="History of the Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallia_Belgica" title="Gallia Belgica">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Roman_period" title="Early history of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Bulgaria">Bulgaria (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_(theme)" title="Bulgaria (theme)">High Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Britain (England)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Crimea">Crimea (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cherson_(theme)" title="Cherson (theme)">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia#Roman_provinces_of_Pannonia_and_Dalmatia" title="History of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Cyprus" title="Roman Cyprus">Cyprus (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Middle_Ages#Byzantine_period" title="Cyprus in the Middle Ages">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">France</a> (<a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Corsica (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Corsica#Eastern_Imperial_suzerainty" title="Medieval Corsica">Early Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Greece">Greece (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Greece" title="Byzantine Greece">Medieval)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Crete_and_Cyrenaica" title="Crete and Cyrenaica">Crete (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Crete" title="Byzantine Crete">Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guernsey#Prehistory" title="History of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungary_before_the_Hungarian_Conquest#Roman_era" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hungary before the Hungarian Conquest">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq#History" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">(Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(theme)" title="Mesopotamia (theme)">Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iudaea_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudaea Province">Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Italy" title="Roman Italy">Italy (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Italy" title="Byzantine Italy">Medieval)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Sicily">Sicily (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Sicily_(theme)" title="Sicily (theme)">Medieval)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsica_and_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsica and Sardinia">Sardinia (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sardinia" title="Byzantine Sardinia">Early Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jersey#Early_history" title="History of Jersey">Jersey</a> <a href="/wiki/Gallia_Lugdunensis" title="Gallia Lugdunensis">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan#Classical_period" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabia_Petraea" title="Arabia Petraea">(Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ghassanids" title="Ghassanids">Late Antique/Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo#Roman_period" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Kosovo" title="Roman heritage in Kosovo">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia_under_Roman_rule" title="Phoenicia under Roman rule">Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Libya" title="Roman Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Liechtenstein#Antiquity" title="History of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Luxembourg#Early_history" title="History of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Malta#Roman_rule" title="History of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesian_Limes#Expansion_beyond" title="Moesian Limes">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Monaco#Roman_rule" title="History of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco#Roman,_and_sub-Roman_Morocco" title="History of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romans_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Romans in the Netherlands">The Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa_during_classical_antiquity#Roman_era" title="North Africa during classical antiquity">North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Palestine" title="Roman Palestine">Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Portugal#Romanization" title="History of Portugal">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Marino#The_Foundation_Myth" title="History of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Romans_in_Arabia" title="History of the Romans in Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> <a href="/wiki/Limes_Arabicus" title="Limes Arabicus">(Classical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland_during_the_Roman_Empire" title="Scotland during the Roman Empire">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovakia#Iron_Age_and_the_Roman_era" title="History of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Slovenia#Ancient_Romans" title="History of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispania" title="Hispania">Spain (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Spain">Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Syria" title="Roman Syria">Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City#Early_history" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a> <a href="/wiki/Ager_Vaticanus" title="Ager Vaticanus">(Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Early Medieval)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesian_Limes#Expansion_beyond" title="Moesian Limes">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Roman-era_Tunisia" title="History of Roman-era Tunisia">Tunisia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Carthage" title="Roman Carthage">Roman Carthage</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Anatolia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Anatolia">Turkey (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Anatolia" title="Byzantine Anatolia">Medieval)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Thrace">Thrace (Classical</a> - <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Thrace">Medieval)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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